1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:02,599 Speaker 1: Hey y'all, Eve's here. We're doubling up today with two 2 00:00:02,640 --> 00:00:05,440 Speaker 1: events in history, one from me and one from former 3 00:00:05,480 --> 00:00:09,960 Speaker 1: host Tracy V. Wilson. On with the show Welcome to 4 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:12,479 Speaker 1: this day in History Class from how Stuff Works dot 5 00:00:12,480 --> 00:00:14,480 Speaker 1: Com and from the desk of Stuff You Missed in 6 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:17,040 Speaker 1: History Class. It's the show where we explore the past 7 00:00:17,160 --> 00:00:19,240 Speaker 1: one day at a time with a quick look at 8 00:00:19,280 --> 00:00:26,520 Speaker 1: what happened today in history. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 9 00:00:26,640 --> 00:00:32,120 Speaker 1: It's October. Missouri Executive Order forty four, also known as 10 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:35,240 Speaker 1: the Extermination Order, was issued on this day in eighteen 11 00:00:35,360 --> 00:00:39,960 Speaker 1: thirty eight. It's called for the removal or execution of 12 00:00:40,000 --> 00:00:42,680 Speaker 1: all members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter 13 00:00:42,720 --> 00:00:45,519 Speaker 1: day Saints from the state of Missouri. The church was 14 00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: founded in New York by Joseph Smith in eighteen thirty 15 00:00:49,040 --> 00:00:51,159 Speaker 1: It was at first just called the Church of Christ 16 00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:53,680 Speaker 1: and then the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter day Saints. 17 00:00:54,280 --> 00:00:57,240 Speaker 1: The nickname Mormons was because of the Book of Mormon, 18 00:00:57,360 --> 00:00:59,840 Speaker 1: which is a book of scripture that's a companion to 19 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,880 Speaker 1: the Bible. Missionaries from the church arrived in Missouri in 20 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:07,040 Speaker 1: eighteen thirty one. They were sent there by Joseph Smith, 21 00:01:07,120 --> 00:01:10,520 Speaker 1: with the goal of converting the native population and establishing 22 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:14,480 Speaker 1: a settlement there. He had announced that western Missouri was 23 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:17,200 Speaker 1: to be the site of Zion, where adherents would await 24 00:01:17,240 --> 00:01:20,759 Speaker 1: the Second Coming of Christ. Almost immediately, though, there were 25 00:01:20,880 --> 00:01:24,480 Speaker 1: huge conflicts between church members and everyone else in Missouri 26 00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:27,480 Speaker 1: for a lot of reasons. This was the frontier, and 27 00:01:27,520 --> 00:01:30,319 Speaker 1: a lot of people had moved out there specifically to 28 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:33,399 Speaker 1: get away from the conditions elsewhere in the United States 29 00:01:33,440 --> 00:01:36,720 Speaker 1: that they found repressive. That included trying to get away 30 00:01:36,760 --> 00:01:40,200 Speaker 1: from religion. There was a lot of lawlessness and rowdiness 31 00:01:40,240 --> 00:01:44,840 Speaker 1: and alcohol. School and church attendance weren't really priorities for 32 00:01:44,880 --> 00:01:47,480 Speaker 1: a lot of people out on the frontier. Even those 33 00:01:47,520 --> 00:01:51,280 Speaker 1: who were followers of other denominations found the Latter day 34 00:01:51,280 --> 00:01:55,880 Speaker 1: Saints doctrine foreign and sometimes fanatical. There were also concerns 35 00:01:56,000 --> 00:01:58,880 Speaker 1: among the people already living there about both slavery and 36 00:01:58,920 --> 00:02:02,440 Speaker 1: about the Native popular nation. Were these new missionaries going 37 00:02:02,480 --> 00:02:05,640 Speaker 1: to start some kind of slave uprising? That answer was no. 38 00:02:06,840 --> 00:02:10,120 Speaker 1: What exactly were these efforts with the indigenous people going 39 00:02:10,160 --> 00:02:14,440 Speaker 1: to involve? Soon? There were incidents of vandalism and violence, 40 00:02:14,480 --> 00:02:19,640 Speaker 1: and attacks on the congregations A paramilitary relief organization came 41 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:21,680 Speaker 1: to the aid of the Latter day Saints in Missouri 42 00:02:21,760 --> 00:02:25,240 Speaker 1: from Ohio, and that just ramped up the tensions even more. 43 00:02:25,919 --> 00:02:29,880 Speaker 1: Mobs started trying to drive church members out of various 44 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:34,280 Speaker 1: places in Missouri. Then, in eighteen thirty six, Missouri established 45 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: Caldwell County, which was supposed to be designated for church use. 46 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:41,960 Speaker 1: It was almost like a reservation, but the population of 47 00:02:41,960 --> 00:02:44,080 Speaker 1: the church at that point was growing way too quickly 48 00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:46,760 Speaker 1: to stay in this one county. There were too many 49 00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:50,079 Speaker 1: people for this designated space. This led to even more 50 00:02:50,240 --> 00:02:54,200 Speaker 1: riots and attacks. The church went to the governor Library 51 00:02:54,280 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: Bogs for help, and he pretty much said that they 52 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:59,280 Speaker 1: were on their own, and then he signed this executive 53 00:02:59,400 --> 00:03:03,760 Speaker 1: order on October. With this order, he wrote to General 54 00:03:03,840 --> 00:03:07,000 Speaker 1: John B. Clark, quote, the Mormons must be treated as 55 00:03:07,120 --> 00:03:09,800 Speaker 1: enemies and must be exterminated or driven from the state 56 00:03:09,840 --> 00:03:14,080 Speaker 1: if necessary for the public peace. Their outrages are beyond description. 57 00:03:14,600 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: If you can increase your force, you are authorized to 58 00:03:17,080 --> 00:03:20,320 Speaker 1: do so to any extent you may consider necessary. The 59 00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:23,160 Speaker 1: order was they must leave or they must be killed. 60 00:03:23,560 --> 00:03:26,000 Speaker 1: The Latter day Saints tried to have this order rescinded 61 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:29,960 Speaker 1: but to no avail that on October thirty eight, a 62 00:03:30,080 --> 00:03:34,120 Speaker 1: mob attacked the community of hans Mill and murdered eighteen people. 63 00:03:34,760 --> 00:03:37,720 Speaker 1: The Latter Day Saints population left Missouri over the course 64 00:03:37,760 --> 00:03:39,960 Speaker 1: of about a year, with some of these removals happening 65 00:03:40,040 --> 00:03:43,400 Speaker 1: under military force, and even for those who were able 66 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:46,760 Speaker 1: to leave on their own, often this was extremely difficult 67 00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:51,160 Speaker 1: and dangerous wintertime travel, and the departing Latter Day Saints 68 00:03:51,200 --> 00:03:54,680 Speaker 1: were attacked and brutalized on their way. Most of them 69 00:03:54,800 --> 00:03:58,720 Speaker 1: moved to Illinois, where a very similar cycle played out again, 70 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:02,480 Speaker 1: ending with him young and more than twenty thousand people 71 00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:07,080 Speaker 1: being expelled from Illinois in eighteen forty four. This order 72 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:10,760 Speaker 1: that had been issued in Missouri was formally rescinded by 73 00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:16,080 Speaker 1: Governor Christopher S. Bond on June of ninety six. Thanks 74 00:04:16,080 --> 00:04:19,120 Speaker 1: to Christopher Hasciotis for his research work on today's podcast, 75 00:04:19,200 --> 00:04:22,080 Speaker 1: Antatari Harrison for all of her audio work on this podcast. 76 00:04:22,600 --> 00:04:24,520 Speaker 1: You can subscribe to This Day in History class on 77 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:27,680 Speaker 1: Apple podcasts, Google Podcasts, and wherever else you get your podcasts, 78 00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:31,040 Speaker 1: and you can tune in tomorrow for the independence of 79 00:04:31,080 --> 00:04:42,920 Speaker 1: a sovereign nation that actually no longer exists. Hi again everyone. 80 00:04:43,240 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: It's Eves and welcome to this Day in History class, 81 00:04:46,720 --> 00:04:57,800 Speaker 1: A show where history waits for no one. The day 82 00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:02,800 Speaker 1: it was October fifty eight. Theodore Roosevelt was born in 83 00:05:02,839 --> 00:05:06,400 Speaker 1: New York City. Roosevelt went on to become the twenty 84 00:05:06,440 --> 00:05:09,479 Speaker 1: six president of the United States, one who was known 85 00:05:09,520 --> 00:05:13,480 Speaker 1: for his conservationism, for expanding the powers of the presidency, 86 00:05:13,560 --> 00:05:17,800 Speaker 1: and for initiating construction on the Panama Canal, among other acts. 87 00:05:18,800 --> 00:05:22,480 Speaker 1: Theodore Roosevelt Jr. Was born into a wealthy family. His father, 88 00:05:22,640 --> 00:05:26,839 Speaker 1: Theodore Roosevelt Senior, was a businessman and philanthropist, and his mother, 89 00:05:27,040 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: Martha Bullock, was from a slave owning plantation family. Partly 90 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:35,320 Speaker 1: because he had severe asthma, Roosevelt was educated by private 91 00:05:35,320 --> 00:05:39,080 Speaker 1: tutors as a child. At an early age, he developed 92 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:43,320 Speaker 1: an interest in nature and became an avid naturalist, but 93 00:05:43,480 --> 00:05:47,120 Speaker 1: in his education he decided to pursue politics and history. 94 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:50,839 Speaker 1: He graduated from Harvard College and married his wife, Alice 95 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:55,760 Speaker 1: Hathaway Lee, in eighteen eighty. After graduating, he began attending 96 00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:59,000 Speaker 1: Columbia Law School. After a year there, he dropped out 97 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:01,680 Speaker 1: and entered politics, as he was elected to the New 98 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:05,880 Speaker 1: York State Assembly at age twenty three, but tragedy struck 99 00:06:05,920 --> 00:06:08,680 Speaker 1: in eighteen eighty four in his last term in the Assembly, 100 00:06:09,040 --> 00:06:12,120 Speaker 1: when his mother and his wife died on the same day. 101 00:06:12,680 --> 00:06:15,920 Speaker 1: He moved to the Dakota Territory and established a ranch there. 102 00:06:16,400 --> 00:06:19,560 Speaker 1: He stayed out west for two years, delving into his 103 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:23,800 Speaker 1: study of history and acting as a frontier sheriff. In 104 00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:26,719 Speaker 1: eighteen eighty six, he went back to New York, where 105 00:06:26,760 --> 00:06:30,480 Speaker 1: he lost a campaign for New York City mayor. Roosevelt 106 00:06:30,520 --> 00:06:33,279 Speaker 1: married Edith Carroll that December, and he went on to 107 00:06:33,320 --> 00:06:36,240 Speaker 1: serve as a civil service commissioner, president of the New 108 00:06:36,279 --> 00:06:40,320 Speaker 1: York City Police Board, and President William McKinley's assistant secretary 109 00:06:40,320 --> 00:06:46,120 Speaker 1: of the Navy. As assistant secretary, Roosevelt ardently accepted imperialistic theories. 110 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:49,680 Speaker 1: He lobbied for a bigger navy, and he championed war 111 00:06:49,760 --> 00:06:53,479 Speaker 1: against Spain. When the Spanish American War broke out in 112 00:06:53,520 --> 00:06:58,440 Speaker 1: eight he resigned as assistant secretary and organized the first U. S. 113 00:06:58,520 --> 00:07:03,799 Speaker 1: Volunteer Cavalry Regiment, known as the Rough Writers. Roosevelt commanded 114 00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:05,840 Speaker 1: the unit in Cuba, where they fought in the war, 115 00:07:06,200 --> 00:07:08,760 Speaker 1: including the Battle of San Juan Hill, a major u 116 00:07:08,880 --> 00:07:12,240 Speaker 1: S victory. When he returned to New York in eighteen 117 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 1: ninety eight, Roosevelt was treated as a war hero. He 118 00:07:15,840 --> 00:07:18,440 Speaker 1: was elected as governor of New York that year, and 119 00:07:18,560 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: he immediately began instituting reforms, removing corrupt officials, enacting legislation 120 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:28,480 Speaker 1: to regulate corporations, and displaying his resolve despite the demands 121 00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:32,560 Speaker 1: of his Republican bosses. The party bosses believe they could 122 00:07:32,560 --> 00:07:35,400 Speaker 1: put an end to his progressive policies by tapping him 123 00:07:35,400 --> 00:07:39,200 Speaker 1: for the Republican vice presidential nomination in nineteen hundred and 124 00:07:39,360 --> 00:07:42,760 Speaker 1: William McKinley and Roosevelt were elected president and vice president, 125 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:46,960 Speaker 1: but McKinley was assassinated in September of nineteen o one, 126 00:07:47,400 --> 00:07:50,960 Speaker 1: and Roosevelt became president at age forty two, making him 127 00:07:51,000 --> 00:07:53,920 Speaker 1: the youngest person ever to become president of the United States. 128 00:07:55,040 --> 00:07:58,080 Speaker 1: As president, Roosevelt acted on his belief that the government 129 00:07:58,120 --> 00:08:01,800 Speaker 1: should be an arbiter between conflicting verses like capital and labor, 130 00:08:01,920 --> 00:08:05,800 Speaker 1: as well as conservation and development. He became known as 131 00:08:05,840 --> 00:08:09,720 Speaker 1: a trustbuster, and he focused on issues regarding the conservation 132 00:08:09,800 --> 00:08:14,080 Speaker 1: of natural resources. Roosevelt also sought to expand the United 133 00:08:14,080 --> 00:08:17,600 Speaker 1: States role as a world power. He won the nineteen 134 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,880 Speaker 1: o four U S presidential election advocating for a square 135 00:08:20,880 --> 00:08:24,640 Speaker 1: deal between capital and labor. He was awarded the Nobel 136 00:08:24,720 --> 00:08:27,680 Speaker 1: Peace Prize in nineteen o six for negotiating peace in 137 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:31,600 Speaker 1: the Russo Japanese War. When his presidential term ended in 138 00:08:31,680 --> 00:08:34,440 Speaker 1: nineteen o nine, he went on a year long safari 139 00:08:34,520 --> 00:08:37,600 Speaker 1: in East Africa with his son, and he toured Europe. 140 00:08:38,600 --> 00:08:40,800 Speaker 1: Though he had said he wouldn't run again, he was 141 00:08:40,880 --> 00:08:44,560 Speaker 1: unhappy with William Taft's presidency and he campaigned for the 142 00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:49,560 Speaker 1: Republican nomination in nineteen twelve. That effort flopped, so he 143 00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:53,239 Speaker 1: and his supporters for the Progressive Party, and he campaigned 144 00:08:53,240 --> 00:08:57,840 Speaker 1: on a platform of new nationalism, but Democrat Woodrow Wilson 145 00:08:57,880 --> 00:09:01,360 Speaker 1: won the election, and Roosevelt attacked him throughout his presidency. 146 00:09:02,400 --> 00:09:06,120 Speaker 1: Roosevelt was favored for the nineteen twenty Republican presidential nomination, 147 00:09:06,440 --> 00:09:10,600 Speaker 1: but he died in January of nineteen nineteen. Many historians 148 00:09:10,600 --> 00:09:13,760 Speaker 1: consider him one of the best presidents in US history. 149 00:09:14,679 --> 00:09:17,000 Speaker 1: I'm Eaves, jeffco and hopefully you know a little more 150 00:09:17,000 --> 00:09:20,880 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. We just gave 151 00:09:20,920 --> 00:09:23,720 Speaker 1: you a slice of Roosevelt's life, but you can learn 152 00:09:23,760 --> 00:09:26,680 Speaker 1: a lot more about his fascinating story in the new 153 00:09:26,720 --> 00:09:31,040 Speaker 1: mental Philoss podcast History Versus. The first season is all 154 00:09:31,040 --> 00:09:34,520 Speaker 1: about Teddy Roosevelt. It just launched and you can listen 155 00:09:34,559 --> 00:09:38,520 Speaker 1: wherever you listen to podcasts. If you have any burning 156 00:09:38,600 --> 00:09:41,199 Speaker 1: questions or comments, you can leave us a note at 157 00:09:41,280 --> 00:09:47,840 Speaker 1: t d i h C Podcast on Twitter, Facebook or Instagram, 158 00:09:48,000 --> 00:09:49,760 Speaker 1: or if you want to get a little more fancy, 159 00:09:49,920 --> 00:09:52,720 Speaker 1: you can send us an email at this day at 160 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:57,040 Speaker 1: i heart media dot com. Thanks again for listening. We'll 161 00:09:57,080 --> 00:10:08,160 Speaker 1: see you same place tomorrow. H m hm hm. For 162 00:10:08,240 --> 00:10:10,400 Speaker 1: more podcasts from My Heart Radio, visit the I Heart 163 00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:12,960 Speaker 1: Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your 164 00:10:12,960 --> 00:10:13,640 Speaker 1: favorite shows.