WEBVTT - Historical Records: Mitsuye Endo (feat. Anna Suzuki) 0:00:00.000 --> 0:00:00.560 What's up, y'all. 0:00:00.560 --> 0:00:03.199 It's Quest Love and for the final Friday of Women's 0:00:03.240 --> 0:00:08.039 History Month, we're releasing another episode of Historical Records my 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:11.960 new podcasts with the story Pirates. It's an explosive usion 0:00:12.080 --> 0:00:14.800 of hip hop and history tailor may for music loving 0:00:14.880 --> 0:00:18.160 kids and families. In today's episode, Nimini makes a brand 0:00:18.200 --> 0:00:21.360 new hip hop track with special guests Anna Suzuki about 0:00:21.680 --> 0:00:26.080 mitsuier Indo, a Japanese American who took her fight against 0:00:26.160 --> 0:00:29.520 racism all the way to the Supreme Court, helping to 0:00:29.600 --> 0:00:33.080 bring about the end of Japanese American interment during World 0:00:33.120 --> 0:00:36.600 War II. This is Historical Records, the show that proves 0:00:36.640 --> 0:00:38.919 that in order to make history, you have to make 0:00:38.960 --> 0:00:39.440 some noise. 0:00:46.600 --> 0:00:50.159 Hello, this is an automated voice measuring system. Please enter 0:00:50.159 --> 0:00:52.519 your response on the dial pad or say your response 0:00:52.560 --> 0:00:56.400 out loud. For English, press one for English muffin, Press 0:00:56.440 --> 0:01:01.040 two for an English accent, Press three. You have entered two. 0:01:01.280 --> 0:01:03.680 If you would like your English muffin toasted, Press one. 0:01:03.880 --> 0:01:04.320 What no? 0:01:04.680 --> 0:01:05.520 I pressed one? 0:01:06.040 --> 0:01:09.160 You have entered one. Toasting your English muffin. Now your 0:01:09.160 --> 0:01:10.880 weight time is three minutes. 0:01:11.160 --> 0:01:13.760 I don't want an English muffin. I want to speak 0:01:13.800 --> 0:01:14.760 to a representative. 0:01:14.920 --> 0:01:17.160 Would you like to speak to a representative? If this 0:01:17.319 --> 0:01:21.119 is correct, Press one for another English muffin, Press two 0:01:21.560 --> 0:01:25.560 toasting two English muffins. No, your new weight time is 0:01:25.720 --> 0:01:27.480 three minutes and nineteen hours. 0:01:27.640 --> 0:01:30.080 What how is it that much longer? For two? 0:01:30.560 --> 0:01:33.640 You have entered two toasting three English muffins. 0:01:33.680 --> 0:01:36.040 Represent it is represent it is representative. 0:01:36.200 --> 0:01:39.600 Beetlejuice protocol activated. A representative will be with you and 0:01:39.640 --> 0:01:42.840 your three English muffins shortly. Your new weight time is 0:01:44.200 --> 0:01:47.319 my new waight time is what your new weight time is? 0:01:49.080 --> 0:01:53.760 Hello? Hello? Oh you know what? Maybe I should hang out. 0:01:53.920 --> 0:01:56.840 If you put this phone down, the number will be unreachable. 0:01:57.000 --> 0:01:59.480 You will never speak with a representative. You will never 0:01:59.560 --> 0:02:00.880 solve the problem you have called. 0:02:01.520 --> 0:02:03.800 Okay, I guess I have to stay on. 0:02:04.480 --> 0:02:14.040 You're English muffins already now transferring you to the breakfast helpline. 0:02:13.400 --> 0:02:17.240 It's historical records. 0:02:17.840 --> 0:02:22.840 You are now listening to historical We're called to make history. 0:02:22.960 --> 0:02:24.959 You got to have struggled to make history. 0:02:25.160 --> 0:02:26.960 You got to show poised, cannot be. 0:02:27.040 --> 0:02:29.760 Quiet loud as a riot to make history. You gotta 0:02:29.800 --> 0:02:31.040 make some noise. 0:02:35.520 --> 0:02:38.840 Welcome back to historical records the show where we dig 0:02:38.880 --> 0:02:44.200 into the historical records in order to produce historically themed records. 0:02:44.560 --> 0:02:48.320 I'm your resident historian, Lee, and normally Niminy would do 0:02:48.360 --> 0:02:52.680 this intro, but well, I came upstairs and found her 0:02:52.760 --> 0:02:55.480 huddled in the corner on the phone, muttering to herself 0:02:55.760 --> 0:03:01.760 and hate. Niminy must stay on the line. Hmm, she 0:03:01.880 --> 0:03:05.480 can't hear me. Today's episode is about the heroic actions 0:03:05.520 --> 0:03:09.000 of Mitsie Endo. But first I need to get Nimini's attention. 0:03:09.880 --> 0:03:12.720 I haven't tried yelling at her yet, so I'll do 0:03:12.800 --> 0:03:13.240 that now. 0:03:13.600 --> 0:03:16.160 Hey, Nmona, I'm on the phone. 0:03:16.200 --> 0:03:17.160 We have a show to do. 0:03:17.560 --> 0:03:20.400 I know, I know, it's just I've been trying to 0:03:20.480 --> 0:03:23.320 reach customer support. We got a notice from the Secret 0:03:23.360 --> 0:03:26.480 Laboratory Owners Association that said we need to prove we 0:03:26.560 --> 0:03:28.079 live here by the end of the day or they'll 0:03:28.120 --> 0:03:30.240 shut off our bug spray woo. 0:03:30.680 --> 0:03:36.400 But the sandflies are getting bold enough as it is. 0:03:35.080 --> 0:03:36.320 That got sandflies. 0:03:37.640 --> 0:03:41.840 They're getting bigger too. Wait, what does proving we live 0:03:41.960 --> 0:03:43.000 here even mean? 0:03:43.440 --> 0:03:45.400 I don't know. I'm trying to find out, but they 0:03:45.400 --> 0:03:47.240 put me on hold all morning. 0:03:47.200 --> 0:03:50.600 And you're using a landline phone, so it's attached to 0:03:50.640 --> 0:03:51.080 the wall. 0:03:51.280 --> 0:03:53.520 Huh, yeah, I can't move very far. 0:03:53.920 --> 0:03:56.400 It looks like the phone court is stretchy though you 0:03:56.520 --> 0:03:58.320 might not be able to get all the way to 0:03:58.360 --> 0:04:01.680 the library, but they're still another way to connect to 0:04:01.760 --> 0:04:03.040 the history simulator. 0:04:03.320 --> 0:04:06.760 Follow me, all right, I'll stretch the court as much 0:04:06.760 --> 0:04:11.640 as I can. Okay, who's today's. 0:04:11.280 --> 0:04:15.200 Episode about Midsaya Endo. She was one of around one 0:04:15.320 --> 0:04:19.520 hundred and twenty thousand Japanese Americans who were detained in 0:04:19.560 --> 0:04:21.360 the US internment camps. 0:04:21.640 --> 0:04:24.839 Internment camp? What's that? In this case? 0:04:24.880 --> 0:04:27.559 It's a prison camp that holds prisoners of war. 0:04:27.920 --> 0:04:29.800 Well, that doesn't sound like a nice place to be. 0:04:30.240 --> 0:04:30.599 It's not. 0:04:31.200 --> 0:04:34.719 But Mitsia's Supreme Court case paved the way for those 0:04:34.720 --> 0:04:35.960 camps getting shut down. 0:04:36.440 --> 0:04:38.919 Wow. I'm kind of embarrassed to say, but I didn't 0:04:38.960 --> 0:04:40.280 know anything about all that. 0:04:40.640 --> 0:04:43.799 Honestly, Nimini, not a lot of people do. She didn't 0:04:43.800 --> 0:04:46.560 get a ton of attention, and she didn't ask for it. 0:04:46.839 --> 0:04:49.680 Not even her kids knew what she'd done until they 0:04:49.680 --> 0:04:51.760 were adults. Hold on this. 0:04:51.640 --> 0:04:59.240 Way, what is this in office? How did I not 0:04:59.320 --> 0:04:59.800 know about this? 0:05:00.920 --> 0:05:05.640 It's the historical records backstage area. We're not really supposed 0:05:05.640 --> 0:05:08.039 to use it on the show, but it's the only 0:05:08.080 --> 0:05:09.440 way the phone cord will reach. 0:05:10.760 --> 0:05:15.160 Wait, are these exhausted looking people in ill fitting loungewear 0:05:15.200 --> 0:05:18.360 are the writers of this show? They're writing everything we're 0:05:18.400 --> 0:05:21.320 saying right now. I can see it happening as I'm saying, Nimini. 0:05:21.440 --> 0:05:23.800 No, don't get too close to them. They'll just try 0:05:23.800 --> 0:05:26.920 to give you their lunch orders. Last I am starving. 0:05:27.080 --> 0:05:30.200 Run Niminie, run run. The phone cour doesn't have much 0:05:30.240 --> 0:05:37.440 more gives through here. Whoa wee? This room's covered in 0:05:37.560 --> 0:05:41.200 telephone wires and plugs and knots and stuff. What is 0:05:41.360 --> 0:05:44.520 this some sort of old timy nineteen forties switchboard? 0:05:44.839 --> 0:05:49.719 That's exactly what it is. Welcome to the History Simulator switchboard. 0:05:50.000 --> 0:05:53.320 This will let us use the history simulator while staying 0:05:53.360 --> 0:05:53.880 on hold. 0:05:54.160 --> 0:05:56.560 So we just plug this wire into the phone and 0:05:56.600 --> 0:06:02.160 then plug the other end into these they're called phone holes. 0:06:02.520 --> 0:06:04.800 I think I don't spend a lot of time in 0:06:04.839 --> 0:06:06.039 here either way. 0:06:06.160 --> 0:06:08.799 Just plug the phone into one of the phone holes 0:06:08.839 --> 0:06:11.960 and then switch to the other line. Then dial nine, 0:06:12.000 --> 0:06:15.479 and then the year, and then the pound sign, and 0:06:15.680 --> 0:06:16.680 we should be connected to. 0:06:16.640 --> 0:06:20.040 The right time. Probably. I'm starting to see why you 0:06:20.120 --> 0:06:26.480 preferred the goo okay plug switch to nine two dial nine. 0:06:26.920 --> 0:06:29.720 Dial nineteen forty two. 0:06:29.400 --> 0:06:34.960 One nine four two pound the rules changing. 0:06:35.160 --> 0:06:37.120 It just takes a little fine tuning to build the 0:06:37.160 --> 0:06:38.960 simulation this way, but we'll get there. 0:06:40.720 --> 0:06:44.040 Big is an emergency broadcast. Japan has launched an attack 0:06:44.120 --> 0:06:47.120 on Pearl Harbor. This marks the official entry of the 0:06:47.240 --> 0:06:49.040 United States into World War two. 0:06:50.040 --> 0:06:53.880 President Roosevelt has enacted Executive Order nine zero sixty six, 0:06:54.080 --> 0:06:57.040 establishing the West Coast as a military zone and allowing 0:06:57.080 --> 0:07:01.040 the government to relocate anyone deemed necessary. 0:07:01.120 --> 0:07:04.600 Recently established more relocation authority has begun the process of 0:07:04.640 --> 0:07:08.800 relocating the Japanese into internment camps, even those with American citizenship. 0:07:09.040 --> 0:07:12.920 As anti Japanese sentiment has risen sharply, some have questioned 0:07:12.960 --> 0:07:16.160 the legitimacy of these actions as a necessary wartime measure. 0:07:18.400 --> 0:07:21.880 What were all those broadcasts just some radio cross talk. 0:07:22.080 --> 0:07:24.080 We'll probably pick up a lot of that using the 0:07:24.160 --> 0:07:25.520 history simulator this way. 0:07:25.800 --> 0:07:29.160 I guess the extra context doesn't hurt. But are we 0:07:29.240 --> 0:07:32.000 in the right place? This looks like a law office. 0:07:32.080 --> 0:07:35.840 It sure is. Can't beat all that natural musty smell 0:07:38.320 --> 0:07:39.880 that's the smell of justice. 0:07:40.120 --> 0:07:43.400 What are we doing snooping around an empty lawyer's office. 0:07:43.720 --> 0:07:46.720 Isn't this breaking and entering? Of course not. We didn't 0:07:46.720 --> 0:07:47.480 break anything. 0:07:48.600 --> 0:07:50.400 That face was broken when we got here. 0:07:50.720 --> 0:07:51.720 What are we doing here? 0:07:51.840 --> 0:07:55.600 This is James Purcell's office in San Francisco. He wanted 0:07:55.600 --> 0:07:58.640 to challenge the legitimacy of what the US government did 0:07:58.640 --> 0:08:01.680 when they removed Japanese these Americans from their homes and 0:08:01.720 --> 0:08:04.520 placed them in internment camps. So he wanted to find 0:08:04.560 --> 0:08:07.560 the perfect subject to put together a test case. 0:08:07.880 --> 0:08:11.680 And I'm guessing that perfect subject was Mitsuie Indo. 0:08:11.720 --> 0:08:14.400 Bingo, which means he's done a ton of research on 0:08:14.440 --> 0:08:17.040 her already. Look at these notes on his desk. They're 0:08:17.080 --> 0:08:18.120 all about her life. 0:08:18.480 --> 0:08:21.840 It says, nise. What does that mean? 0:08:22.160 --> 0:08:26.080 Well, Ni means too, and say is like life or 0:08:26.120 --> 0:08:30.600 in this case generation, So Nise are second generation immigrants, 0:08:30.680 --> 0:08:32.640 meaning they were born here in the US. 0:08:33.120 --> 0:08:36.679 Oh, okay, that makes sense. It says Mitsuye was born 0:08:36.720 --> 0:08:40.439 and raised in Sacramento, California, twenty two years old. She's 0:08:40.559 --> 0:08:43.520 never been to Japan, doesn't know Japanese, has a brother 0:08:43.600 --> 0:08:47.800 currently serving in the military. Not Buddhist what's that have 0:08:47.880 --> 0:08:49.040 to do with anything, you know. 0:08:49.120 --> 0:08:51.280 How, those broadcasts we heard said that there was a 0:08:51.320 --> 0:08:54.840 lot of suspicion towards Japanese people in general that actually 0:08:54.880 --> 0:08:57.800 started before the attack on Pearl Harbor. They were being 0:08:57.840 --> 0:09:02.840 closely monitored just for participating in local Japanese cultural associations 0:09:03.000 --> 0:09:04.800 or for simply being Buddhist. 0:09:05.080 --> 0:09:08.000 So the attack on Pearl Harbor probably just accelerated that. 0:09:08.360 --> 0:09:11.080 After the attack, Japanese people who had nothing to do 0:09:11.160 --> 0:09:14.800 with it were affected right away. Around three hundred to 0:09:14.920 --> 0:09:18.280 five hundred state employees were harassed at work until they 0:09:18.320 --> 0:09:21.800 were eventually laid off just for having Japanese heritage. That 0:09:21.920 --> 0:09:24.439 included Endo, who worked at the Department of Employment. 0:09:24.760 --> 0:09:27.840 So Mitsuier was an American born Christian who worked for 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:30.520 the American government with the brother on active duty in 0:09:30.559 --> 0:09:34.120 the American military. On paper, she sounds like the least 0:09:34.160 --> 0:09:35.640 suspicious person in the world. 0:09:35.880 --> 0:09:39.160 That's exactly what James Purcell was banking on. He wanted 0:09:39.160 --> 0:09:42.560 to present someone who even the most suspicious judge couldn't 0:09:42.600 --> 0:09:46.000 possibly describe as disloyal to the United States. By using 0:09:46.000 --> 0:09:49.160 the perfect model of an American citizen, he could show 0:09:49.200 --> 0:09:52.679 that the government had illegally detained people without a shured 0:09:52.720 --> 0:09:55.080 of proof that they were enemies of the US. 0:09:55.320 --> 0:09:57.640 So what happened next? He went to talk to her. 0:09:58.000 --> 0:10:00.920 Funnily enough, they never met in in real life. They 0:10:01.040 --> 0:10:04.360 mostly communicated through official correspondence, which is why it's up 0:10:04.400 --> 0:10:06.920 to the two of us to deliver this letter to her. 0:10:07.360 --> 0:10:09.280 Us. What happened to the mailman? 0:10:09.640 --> 0:10:12.120 The mailman smashed a vase right before we got here 0:10:12.160 --> 0:10:13.959 and went on the run, So it's up to us 0:10:14.000 --> 0:10:14.920 to finish the job. 0:10:15.360 --> 0:10:17.959 Lee, I saw you smash the base. Whose side are 0:10:18.000 --> 0:10:18.640 you on here? 0:10:19.120 --> 0:10:21.559 Just dial the code for two Lee Lake and let's 0:10:21.600 --> 0:10:22.440 deliver this letter. 0:10:22.800 --> 0:10:24.959 Sure, uh so it's. 0:10:24.920 --> 0:10:28.400 Yeah, Dial nine nine and then put in the area code. 0:10:28.440 --> 0:10:32.640 So five zero three five zero three star one nine 0:10:32.800 --> 0:10:35.360 four to two star one nine four two. 0:10:37.160 --> 0:10:41.359 The Touley Lake relocation set her posting over eighteen thousand residents, 0:10:41.400 --> 0:10:44.120 all living in close quarters, complete with eight foot high 0:10:44.200 --> 0:10:48.280 double fences, minos of barbed wire, and thousands of bombed guards. 0:10:48.360 --> 0:10:50.680 You'll feel secure knowing you can't leave. 0:10:51.720 --> 0:10:55.560 Have you filled out your loyalty questionnaire? Simply answer yes 0:10:55.600 --> 0:10:58.120 to thirty quick questions and you'll learn back our trust, 0:10:58.360 --> 0:11:01.640 prove that you're worthy of lee camps by pledging your 0:11:01.679 --> 0:11:04.920 willingness to renounce the Japanese ever and to serve in 0:11:04.960 --> 0:11:07.760 our military Habeas corpus. 0:11:07.800 --> 0:11:10.880 It's a legal document protesting an un lawful attainment. 0:11:10.440 --> 0:11:13.160 By requesting an appearance in front of a court or judge. 0:11:13.200 --> 0:11:14.920 If you've been relocated. 0:11:14.360 --> 0:11:17.439 Against your will, this just might be the right legal 0:11:17.520 --> 0:11:18.080 move for you. 0:11:19.320 --> 0:11:21.360 What was that propaganda ads? 0:11:21.679 --> 0:11:24.320 Yeah, from the sound of it, this internment camp, the 0:11:24.440 --> 0:11:28.840 loyalty questionnaires, they were blatant actions to limit the freedoms 0:11:28.880 --> 0:11:32.240 of Japanese Americans that the government still tried to paint 0:11:32.240 --> 0:11:34.240 the picture that they were doing it for the good 0:11:34.320 --> 0:11:35.040 of the country. 0:11:35.360 --> 0:11:39.400 And that last one about habeas corpus, that's what we're 0:11:39.400 --> 0:11:41.120 here to deliver to Endo, right. 0:11:41.480 --> 0:11:41.800 Yeah. 0:11:42.000 --> 0:11:44.480 The case hinges on the fact that bringing her and 0:11:44.520 --> 0:11:47.640 everyone else to the camps without a trial violated their 0:11:47.720 --> 0:11:49.160 constitutional rights. 0:11:49.480 --> 0:11:54.920 This place really is intimidating. It's entirely fenced in. There's 0:11:55.080 --> 0:11:57.600 barbed wire as far as the eye can see. And 0:11:57.679 --> 0:12:00.839 they weren't kidding about the armed guards. Are you sure 0:12:00.880 --> 0:12:03.280 we can be in here? Look at our outfits. 0:12:03.360 --> 0:12:05.880 We're just as mailmen now and as far as this 0:12:06.040 --> 0:12:09.560 historical simulation goes, mail men are allowed to be anywhere. 0:12:10.080 --> 0:12:12.439 You take a lot of liberties with your stimulations. 0:12:12.800 --> 0:12:15.199 Hey, hey, I don't tell you how to do your job, 0:12:15.640 --> 0:12:17.440 even though I think your songs could stand to use 0:12:17.440 --> 0:12:18.640 a little more tambourine. 0:12:18.800 --> 0:12:21.600 Excuse me? Are you two mail men lost? Are you 0:12:21.720 --> 0:12:24.640 mitsuier endo? I am? What can I do for you? 0:12:24.920 --> 0:12:28.559 Actually, we were sent here to deliver this letter to you. Oh, 0:12:28.600 --> 0:12:28.920 thank you. 0:12:30.080 --> 0:12:34.720 Hmmm, if I'm understanding this correctly, mister Purcell is asking 0:12:34.760 --> 0:12:36.480 for my help to sue the US government. 0:12:36.840 --> 0:12:40.280 We know it's a lot of responsibility, but I'll do it. 0:12:40.480 --> 0:12:43.920 Really, simple as that, simple as that. We were all 0:12:43.960 --> 0:12:46.679 brought here without any sort of trial. But by using 0:12:46.720 --> 0:12:48.960 me we can show them that what they've done to 0:12:49.040 --> 0:12:51.600 us is wrong. If this can help everyone else out, 0:12:51.800 --> 0:12:53.080 then there's no question about it. 0:12:53.320 --> 0:12:55.880 I have to do it. We thought you'd say that. 0:12:56.120 --> 0:12:58.079 We'll let mister Purcell know right away. 0:12:58.280 --> 0:12:58.600 Thank you. 0:12:59.320 --> 0:13:00.560 I hope it's a quick process. 0:13:01.840 --> 0:13:03.920 Up, Please excuse me, I have to get to the 0:13:03.920 --> 0:13:06.280 mess hall. It was nice to meet you. It was 0:13:06.360 --> 0:13:09.559 nice meeting you too. She knows it won't be a 0:13:09.600 --> 0:13:10.800 quick process, doesn't she. 0:13:11.200 --> 0:13:13.000 Yeah, And not just because she used to be a 0:13:13.000 --> 0:13:17.280 government employee. Her case will be delayed, dismissed, and worked around. 0:13:17.600 --> 0:13:19.960 You mean they're gonna try to get her to drop 0:13:20.000 --> 0:13:20.560 the case. 0:13:21.040 --> 0:13:24.520 Yep, and this place to Lee Lake. It's gonna get worse. 0:13:24.800 --> 0:13:27.240 The conditions are gonna reach the point where Endo wishes 0:13:27.280 --> 0:13:30.560 that she could leave, and the war Relocation Authority starts 0:13:30.640 --> 0:13:36.000 cutting deals that let people in midsea situation relocate outside 0:13:36.160 --> 0:13:39.400 of California. But if she leaves the state, the court 0:13:39.559 --> 0:13:44.079 no longer has jurisdiction over her case and it'll be dropped. 0:13:44.480 --> 0:13:47.679 So she'll refuse the chance to get out of here. 0:13:47.720 --> 0:13:50.360 Because just like she said, she's gonna do the thing 0:13:50.400 --> 0:13:53.240 that helps people, no matter how difficult it gets. 0:13:53.559 --> 0:13:56.200 Let me guess they'll find a way to move her anyway. 0:13:56.280 --> 0:13:59.000 Her case will be dismissed and they'll move her to Utah. 0:13:59.400 --> 0:14:04.360 Oh my head hurts from all the legal system logistics. 0:14:04.960 --> 0:14:07.240 How'd our case ever make it to the Supreme Court? 0:14:07.360 --> 0:14:09.200 You mean because we never went back to relay her 0:14:09.200 --> 0:14:10.160 message to Purcell. 0:14:10.480 --> 0:14:11.600 It's a simulation. 0:14:12.080 --> 0:14:15.280 Any a different mailman went back to tell him, probably 0:14:15.320 --> 0:14:19.560 after he apologized for smashing that priceless face with your fingerprints. 0:14:19.040 --> 0:14:21.040 All over it. My fingerprints. 0:14:21.440 --> 0:14:24.200 Yeah, I planted your fingerprints on it so I wouldn't 0:14:24.200 --> 0:14:24.720 get blamed. 0:14:25.280 --> 0:14:26.000 Is that a crime? 0:14:26.640 --> 0:14:26.880 Yes? 0:14:27.360 --> 0:14:29.040 Not in my simulation, it's not. 0:14:29.400 --> 0:14:32.120 Forget the vase, you're the one fixating on it. 0:14:32.320 --> 0:14:34.160 I meant, how did her case make it to the 0:14:34.200 --> 0:14:35.960 Supreme Court? After all that? 0:14:36.520 --> 0:14:38.960 James Purcell filed an appeal and made sure it got 0:14:38.960 --> 0:14:41.840 elevated all the way there here, let me dial us 0:14:41.880 --> 0:14:52.400 in nine nineteen forty four pound pound star number pad smash. 0:14:50.280 --> 0:14:53.720 In the case of Hirobayashi versus the United States, in 0:14:53.760 --> 0:14:54.280 the case. 0:14:54.120 --> 0:14:57.240 Of Yusui versus the United States, in the case of 0:14:57.320 --> 0:15:03.440 Kormonts versus the United States. 0:15:00.000 --> 0:15:06.440 What were those other cases? 0:15:06.800 --> 0:15:10.200 They were the three other challenges to the internment camps 0:15:10.240 --> 0:15:13.080 that made it to the Supreme Court, but they all failed. 0:15:13.400 --> 0:15:17.240 That doesn't sound good. I'm guessing we're at the Supreme Court. 0:15:17.280 --> 0:15:17.440 Then. 0:15:17.640 --> 0:15:18.440 What gave it away? 0:15:18.600 --> 0:15:22.160 The nine Supreme Court justices glaring at us, Yeah, that 0:15:22.320 --> 0:15:22.640 was it. 0:15:22.960 --> 0:15:24.280 Can we even be in here? 0:15:24.640 --> 0:15:28.120 You too, the mailman, You shouldn't be in here, your honor. 0:15:28.320 --> 0:15:30.200 We were in here to deliver a letter, but we 0:15:30.400 --> 0:15:34.000 accidentally superglued our butts to the seats. Is it okay 0:15:34.040 --> 0:15:36.360 if we just observe the rest of the proceedings while 0:15:36.360 --> 0:15:38.360 we wait for someone to unbolt our seats from the 0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:39.440 ground and carry us home. 0:15:40.240 --> 0:15:42.720 I don't know what to say to that, but we're 0:15:42.760 --> 0:15:46.040 running short on time, so I'll allow it. Let's move 0:15:46.080 --> 0:15:49.360 on to our final decision on mitsuye Endo versus the 0:15:49.480 --> 0:15:52.920 United States. We are of the view that mitsuye Endo 0:15:52.960 --> 0:15:56.440 should be given her liberty, for we conclude that whatever 0:15:56.600 --> 0:16:00.280 power the War Relocation Authority may have to de tell 0:16:00.440 --> 0:16:04.320 other classes of citizens, it has no authority to subject 0:16:04.320 --> 0:16:08.040 citizens who are concededly loyal to its leave procedure. 0:16:09.320 --> 0:16:12.080 Wait. That means she won, right she did. 0:16:12.440 --> 0:16:15.120 Out of the four cases elevated to the Supreme Court 0:16:15.200 --> 0:16:18.720 surrounding the issues of Japanese internment, hers was the only 0:16:18.840 --> 0:16:22.120 case that was ruled in favor of the plaintiff. After this, 0:16:22.320 --> 0:16:26.160 President Roosevelt reversed the executive order and citizens were allowed 0:16:26.200 --> 0:16:26.840 to go home. 0:16:27.120 --> 0:16:30.280 But a court ruling's not like waving a magic wand 0:16:30.440 --> 0:16:33.400 is it. It doesn't just change back everything that went wrong. 0:16:33.880 --> 0:16:37.080 No, And unlike the super glue I put on our pants, 0:16:37.160 --> 0:16:40.400 its effect isn't immediate Endo stayed in the camp for 0:16:40.440 --> 0:16:45.040 another five months to look after her parents, and after that, well, 0:16:45.360 --> 0:16:47.480 it's not like the communities that most of these people 0:16:47.560 --> 0:16:50.880 were kicked out of didn't suddenly stop being suspicious of 0:16:50.960 --> 0:16:54.160 Japanese Americans. A lot of people didn't even have homes 0:16:54.160 --> 0:16:54.840 to return to. 0:16:55.320 --> 0:16:58.360 I can imagine I wouldn't go back to that. It 0:16:58.360 --> 0:17:01.480 couldn't have been easy finding new housing or jobs after 0:17:01.520 --> 0:17:04.320 being ripped away and then kept away for all that time. 0:17:04.680 --> 0:17:08.520 She actually never even went back to California. Eventually she 0:17:08.520 --> 0:17:10.800 made her way to Chicago. She wanted to put this 0:17:10.840 --> 0:17:13.119 whole thing behind her, like I'm sure a lot of 0:17:13.119 --> 0:17:16.359 others did, including the US government itself. 0:17:16.800 --> 0:17:21.040 What do you mean dial nine and then nineteen eighty eight? Wait, 0:17:21.440 --> 0:17:32.399 nineteen eighty eight, as in forty years later? Mm hmmugh, okay, 0:17:33.880 --> 0:17:36.240 huh a conference room, Hanna. 0:17:36.640 --> 0:17:40.160 Is that the president of the Screen Actors Guild Ronald Reagan? Yes, 0:17:40.600 --> 0:17:44.159 but in nineteen eighty eight, Ronald Reagan was also the. 0:17:44.040 --> 0:17:45.720 President of the United States. 0:17:46.080 --> 0:17:48.359 Did you notice that the language in the Supreme Court's 0:17:48.440 --> 0:17:50.920 ruling didn't mention racial discrimination. 0:17:51.480 --> 0:17:54.560 Oh yeah, now that I think about it, it just 0:17:54.600 --> 0:17:58.159 said that the government couldn't detain people who were decidedly loyal. 0:17:58.680 --> 0:18:00.800 So was that how Indo could in her case while 0:18:00.800 --> 0:18:03.720 the other cases were all struck down exactly. 0:18:04.080 --> 0:18:07.560 This press conference with former ZAG President Reagan is the 0:18:07.600 --> 0:18:10.800 first time that the US is officially apologizing to the 0:18:10.880 --> 0:18:14.480 one hundred and twenty thousand Japanese Americans who were wrongfully detained. 0:18:15.040 --> 0:18:18.800 Yet we must recognize that the internment of Japanese Americans 0:18:18.840 --> 0:18:23.320 was just that a mistake. For throughout the war, Japanese 0:18:23.359 --> 0:18:27.439 Americans in the tens of thousands remained utterly loyal to 0:18:27.560 --> 0:18:28.360 the United. 0:18:28.080 --> 0:18:31.720 States better late than ever, I guess remember the other 0:18:31.760 --> 0:18:37.000 three cases, Hirabayashi, Yasui, and Korematsu. Losing those cases wasn't 0:18:37.040 --> 0:18:39.920 just a loss for Japanese Americans, but also for those 0:18:39.920 --> 0:18:44.240 three individuals. They were technically considered convicts, which is something 0:18:44.280 --> 0:18:47.400 that makes it pretty hard to find a job. Even 0:18:47.440 --> 0:18:51.000 after this apology, it wouldn't be until twenty eighteen that 0:18:51.040 --> 0:18:56.720 those three cases officially got overturned, clearing their names. Twenty eighteen, Yeah, 0:18:57.040 --> 0:18:59.000 forty more years. 0:18:59.440 --> 0:19:01.359 But for now, let's get back to the lab. 0:19:01.520 --> 0:19:04.200 Switch back to line one. 0:19:05.480 --> 0:19:05.880 Lee. 0:19:05.920 --> 0:19:09.159 I know that technically we saw Indo win her case. 0:19:09.359 --> 0:19:13.320 But I know nineteen forty two all the way to 0:19:13.440 --> 0:19:18.080 twenty eighteen, history is full of regrettable decisions and mistakes 0:19:18.359 --> 0:19:21.080 of things that still need to be acknowledged and corrected. 0:19:21.440 --> 0:19:25.119 But if things move that slowly, how are any of 0:19:25.160 --> 0:19:26.600 us supposed to change anything? 0:19:27.000 --> 0:19:31.560 It does seem daunting and complicated and overwhelming. But the 0:19:31.640 --> 0:19:36.240 things we actually do, our actions, those can be simple. 0:19:36.560 --> 0:19:38.280 How do you mean Midsea. 0:19:38.280 --> 0:19:40.840 Endo didn't set out to change the world. She was 0:19:40.920 --> 0:19:43.679 just offered a chance to do what was right. Someone 0:19:43.720 --> 0:19:45.879 said to her, we need you to play a part. 0:19:45.960 --> 0:19:48.560 Can you do that? And she said yes? 0:19:49.200 --> 0:19:52.720 And she said yes, She took a small quiet action, 0:19:52.880 --> 0:19:56.520 stayed determined, and that set everything else in motion. Winning 0:19:56.560 --> 0:19:59.800 her case effectively led to the end of the internment 0:19:59.800 --> 0:20:02.240 camp and made way for the reversals of the other 0:20:02.280 --> 0:20:04.040 three cases decades later. 0:20:04.600 --> 0:20:07.040 It's like she said, if it helps other people, I'll 0:20:07.080 --> 0:20:10.359 do it. Even if the system itself is imperfect, it's 0:20:10.560 --> 0:20:13.679 people who ultimately make sure it works. And people will 0:20:13.720 --> 0:20:17.240 make mistakes and corrections and try their best to do 0:20:17.280 --> 0:20:19.440 what's right, even if it takes a long time. 0:20:19.960 --> 0:20:23.200 Speaking of taking a long time, you got a song for. 0:20:23.280 --> 0:20:26.400 Us or what you bet I do? All right, everyone, 0:20:26.600 --> 0:20:30.240 it's time to celebrate smid City eight in those heroic 0:20:30.359 --> 0:20:40.520 actions with this brand new trek. 0:20:48.880 --> 0:20:52.840 Well the Empire of the Just on the Red, Light 0:20:52.920 --> 0:20:56.480 and Blue the bat was run by the batty. Outcome 0:20:56.680 --> 0:21:01.119 was that you enjoying World War two and the theater? 0:21:01.600 --> 0:21:03.560