WEBVTT - 44: Cure Cancer, Boost Global Growth

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<v Speaker 1>What is a moon shot? Doesn't they have to do

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<v Speaker 1>with when when we put a man on the moon

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<v Speaker 1>in the nineteen sixties and making achieving a dream of

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<v Speaker 1>something that seems impossible sounds like a good explanation. Hi,

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<v Speaker 1>and welcome back to Bloomberg Benchmark, a podcast about the

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<v Speaker 1>global economy. It's Thursday, June thirty. Spoiler alert, this is

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<v Speaker 1>not a show about Brexit. There'll be plenty of time

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<v Speaker 1>to talk about Brexit. We're going to deal with a

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<v Speaker 1>more somber, more fundamental theme this week. But first I'm

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<v Speaker 1>Daniel Moss, executive editor for Global Economics. This week in

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<v Speaker 1>the studio is Scott Lanman, my colleagues. Scott, tell us

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<v Speaker 1>a little about yourself. Yeah, I've been an economics reporter

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<v Speaker 1>and editor at Bloomberg for worth than ten years, with

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<v Speaker 1>three of those years in Beijing editing our coverage of

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<v Speaker 1>China's economy. Well, that's a very special economic skill to have.

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<v Speaker 1>But our show today is special for another reason. We're

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<v Speaker 1>participating in Bloomberg's Focus on Farma, a monthlong deep dive

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<v Speaker 1>into the world of farma and biotech that leverages the

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<v Speaker 1>power of Bloomberg data analytics and editorial content a cross

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<v Speaker 1>platforms to offer hopefully some pretty sharp insights. Scott, are

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<v Speaker 1>you ready for some leveraging? I I sure am, and

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<v Speaker 1>let me tell you the topic of our show today

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<v Speaker 1>is the economics of cancer. As you know, Dan, I

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<v Speaker 1>have a very personal interest in this issue. My sister

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<v Speaker 1>Cheryl died last year at age thirty four, three years

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<v Speaker 1>after being diagnosed with breast cancer. And in addition to that,

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<v Speaker 1>my wife carries one of the b r c A

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<v Speaker 1>genetic mutations, which greatly increases one's risk of breast cancer

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<v Speaker 1>and ovarian cancer. She has actually undergone several preventive surgeries

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<v Speaker 1>over the past year to reduce her risk because her aunt,

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<v Speaker 1>grandmother and great grandmother all died of breast cancer relatively

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<v Speaker 1>young ages. And if that gene and treatment sound familiar,

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<v Speaker 1>it's because it's similar to what Angelina Julie did, because

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<v Speaker 1>she's also a carrier and her mother died of ovarian cancer. Scott,

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<v Speaker 1>You've got a unique perspective, and you know, I just

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<v Speaker 1>want to say, on behalf of the economics team, we

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<v Speaker 1>appreciate the dignity with which you've conducted yourself through this

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<v Speaker 1>ordeal and whatever support you and Rachel need you're going

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<v Speaker 1>to continue to get We're going to talk about some

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<v Speaker 1>stats regarding cancer, some of the main issues. We're going

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<v Speaker 1>to talk about the Vice president's famous moon shot, how

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<v Speaker 1>it got that name, and how this fits into well

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<v Speaker 1>the global economy. Cancer is actually it's the second leading

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<v Speaker 1>cause of death in the United States, just a shade

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<v Speaker 1>behind heart disease, and according to some measures, it's the

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<v Speaker 1>number one cause of death in the entire world. But

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<v Speaker 1>one study suggests that the total economic impact of premature

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<v Speaker 1>death and disability from cancer worldwide is nearly one trillion dollars,

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<v Speaker 1>or put another way, one point five pc of global GDP.

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<v Speaker 1>It's more than the economic toll from heart disease. And

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<v Speaker 1>right now, that's some GDP we could shore us and

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<v Speaker 1>speaking of our focus on farmer Worldwide, spending on cancer

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<v Speaker 1>drugs reached a hundred and seven billion dollars and may

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<v Speaker 1>rise all the way to hundred and seventy eight billion

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<v Speaker 1>dollars by Spending on cancer drugs in the United States

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<v Speaker 1>is up seventy two in the last five years. Or

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<v Speaker 1>President Obama earlier this year announced a cancer Moonshot initiative

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<v Speaker 1>led by Joe Biden, which aims to cut through some

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<v Speaker 1>of the red tape and rivalries among drug companies with

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<v Speaker 1>the idea of speeding up the pace of some of

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<v Speaker 1>these advances. Before we get into that, first of all,

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<v Speaker 1>why is it called the moon shot and what is

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<v Speaker 1>a moon shot? Doesn't that have to do with when

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<v Speaker 1>when we put a man on the moon in the

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<v Speaker 1>nineteen sixties and making achieving a dream of something that

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<v Speaker 1>seems impossible sounds like a good explanation. Well. In fact,

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<v Speaker 1>just this week, the Vice President is hosting National Cancer

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<v Speaker 1>moon Shot Summit in Washington, and similar events are being

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<v Speaker 1>held around the country. As you may know, also Biden

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<v Speaker 1>lost his son to brain cancer last year. To help

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<v Speaker 1>us sift through all this, were joined on the phone

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<v Speaker 1>by Dr Lewis Wayna, director of the Georgetown Lombardy Comprehensive

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<v Speaker 1>Cancer SANTA in Washington. He's also chairman of the Department

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<v Speaker 1>of Oncology at Georgetown. Interesting fact, the SANTA is actually

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<v Speaker 1>nineful legendary football coach Vince Lombardi, who was treated for

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<v Speaker 1>cancer at the same and Dr Wiener is also a

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<v Speaker 1>member of a Blue Ribbon Panel working group on the

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<v Speaker 1>Cancer Moonshot Initiative, tasked with focusing on immunology and prevention.

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<v Speaker 1>In the interest of full disclosure, Georgetown is where my

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<v Speaker 1>wife underwent her preventive surgery last year. Also, our boss,

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<v Speaker 1>the owner of this company, Mike Bloomberg, wrote an op

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<v Speaker 1>ed with Vice President Biden recently about how the Moonshot

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<v Speaker 1>Initiative and public private partnerships can help cure cancer, and

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<v Speaker 1>he has donated substantial funds towards cancer research. Dr Weener,

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<v Speaker 1>thank you so much for joining us today. It's my

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<v Speaker 1>pleasure to be here. Let's just start first of all,

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<v Speaker 1>Dr Weener, can you tell us about the state of

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<v Speaker 1>cancer care and what kinds of advances are going on

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<v Speaker 1>and why it's an exciting time right now. So I

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<v Speaker 1>think it's important to understand that while obviously humans have

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<v Speaker 1>been at war with cancer throughout human history, the formal

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<v Speaker 1>war on cancer was declared by President Nixon in one

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<v Speaker 1>and at that time there were roughly a million new

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<v Speaker 1>cases of cancer in the United States and about half

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<v Speaker 1>of those patients were succumbing to the disease at some point,

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<v Speaker 1>so there was a generally cure rate because surgery can

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<v Speaker 1>be very effective to eliminate cancers at an early stage.

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<v Speaker 1>Here we are now after forty years of dedicated effort

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<v Speaker 1>with intense federal support over those years, and dramatic expansion

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<v Speaker 1>of the pharmaceutical industry to test new concepts and ideas

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<v Speaker 1>that emanate from research. And roughly one point six million

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<v Speaker 1>Americans get cancer every year, And that sounds bad at

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<v Speaker 1>first blush. However, it's important to remember that the population

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<v Speaker 1>in its states has increased dramatically since so that the

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<v Speaker 1>rate of developing cancer is certainly no higher than it

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<v Speaker 1>was back at that time. And about five thousand people

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<v Speaker 1>will die of cancer this year, So the number of

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<v Speaker 1>cancers has increased by more than fifty in the death

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<v Speaker 1>rate has remained relatively constant, suggests what has actually decreased

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<v Speaker 1>dramatically forgive me, so that roughly two out of three

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<v Speaker 1>almost patients with cancer are now cured. Now, that sounds

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<v Speaker 1>like modest progress, but when you think about it in

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<v Speaker 1>terms of the number of lives that have been saved

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<v Speaker 1>and on a yearly basis because of advances in cancer

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<v Speaker 1>research and care, it's several hundred thousand Americans a year

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<v Speaker 1>who are being cured of a disease that would have

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<v Speaker 1>likely taken their lives only forty years ago. Now, the

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<v Speaker 1>other exciting news in that regard is that the death

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<v Speaker 1>rate from cancer has reduced every single year since, again

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<v Speaker 1>a reflection of advances in research, education, and care. And

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<v Speaker 1>we are very pleased to have been a part of

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<v Speaker 1>these great advances, but we obviously have quite a bit

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<v Speaker 1>of work left to do, and what's happening in the

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<v Speaker 1>recent few years has really been extraordinary in terms of

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<v Speaker 1>a deepening understanding of what causes cancer and a better

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<v Speaker 1>understanding as well of what some of the molecular targets

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<v Speaker 1>might be that we want to attack in cancers in

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<v Speaker 1>order to improve treatments and ultimately cure patients. Now that's

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<v Speaker 1>the US picture. Doctor has the death rate declare mind Similarly,

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<v Speaker 1>outside the United States, the death rates around and you know,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know those numbers as well as I do

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<v Speaker 1>for the United States. I think that the world is

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<v Speaker 1>a very large place, and I think that in the

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<v Speaker 1>more developed countries such as Western Europe and Japan, it's

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<v Speaker 1>quite likely that we're seeing similar improvements in outcome because

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<v Speaker 1>those areas of the world have access to sophisticated care

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<v Speaker 1>and can benefit because they are wealthy enough societies to

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<v Speaker 1>benefit from the advances with new therapies that are being

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<v Speaker 1>developed the rest of the world. It's not such an

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<v Speaker 1>easy situation. Uh. And I believe that especially as poverty continues.

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<v Speaker 1>Yet there the poverty is lessened to the point where

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<v Speaker 1>folks can live longer because they're not dying of infectious diseases,

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<v Speaker 1>for example, the cancer burden increases and there's inadequate ability

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<v Speaker 1>to actually treat those people properly. So the cancer burden

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<v Speaker 1>around the world is still quite enormous and is not

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<v Speaker 1>satisfactorily addressed by current strategies. Now, that leads into a

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<v Speaker 1>topic that we often talk about in our economic coverage,

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<v Speaker 1>which is the widening gap, the inequality gap, wealth gap

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<v Speaker 1>throughout the world. Uh, it sounds like what you're talking

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<v Speaker 1>about is almost like a cancer care gap between the

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<v Speaker 1>wealthier societies and the poor societies. Is that something that's

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<v Speaker 1>happening or is likely to happen as the cost of

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<v Speaker 1>these new treatments goes up. So I'm not an expert

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<v Speaker 1>on that specific area, but it is my um perspective

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<v Speaker 1>and and and uh and belief based upon what I

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<v Speaker 1>have read and heard and discussed that the availability of

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<v Speaker 1>sophisticated therapies and even basic even fairly basic screening strategies

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<v Speaker 1>is so much better in the developed world that the

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<v Speaker 1>gap in care between the wealthier societies and less wealthy

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<v Speaker 1>societies is, if anything, going to grow as we develop

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<v Speaker 1>more exciting and effective therapies for cancer therapy, for cancer

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<v Speaker 1>treatment that are really predicated on the assumption that the

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<v Speaker 1>society has enough resource to pay for it. You spoke

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<v Speaker 1>a few minutes ago about the declining death rate here

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<v Speaker 1>in the United States, and I'm wondering whether to get

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<v Speaker 1>it significantly lower than where it is here, we need

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<v Speaker 1>to jump a wall. That's a very interesting question. The

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<v Speaker 1>the death rates are declining, they've been declining when at

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<v Speaker 1>a relatively even slope over the last twenty years. We

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<v Speaker 1>all would like to see those rates drop in a

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<v Speaker 1>more precipitous way, and the way to do that is

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<v Speaker 1>by addressing several different areas. The first of those areas

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<v Speaker 1>is to assure unit form access of quality care and

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<v Speaker 1>access to transformative therapies for all people, irrespective of their

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<v Speaker 1>economic or social conditions, and that, of course is an

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<v Speaker 1>ongoing uh the challenge, but I think it's one that

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<v Speaker 1>we're very mindful of. The second is to continue to

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<v Speaker 1>invest in um transformative research so that we can in

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<v Speaker 1>fact continue to make the kinds of discoveries that are

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<v Speaker 1>going to change the trajectory of cures. And I'm going

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<v Speaker 1>to give you an example of that. So one of

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<v Speaker 1>the most exciting new areas of cancer research and cares

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<v Speaker 1>in the area of immunotherapy, which can be described as

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<v Speaker 1>treating the body's immune system, so the immune system can

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<v Speaker 1>go ahead and treat the cancer. And it's been demonstrated

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<v Speaker 1>the cancers erect a variety of protective wall to prevent

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<v Speaker 1>the immune system from attacking them. And if we can

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<v Speaker 1>identify what those particular mechanisms are in any given individual

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<v Speaker 1>and attack those defenses very specifically, you can break them

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<v Speaker 1>down and in fact the immune system can then eliminate

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<v Speaker 1>the person's cancer. And so there have been extraordinary clinical

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<v Speaker 1>benefits for people with advanced melanomas and many other cancers

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<v Speaker 1>with so called checkpoint antibodies developed by a number of

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<v Speaker 1>pharmaceutical companies based in the United States. And these treatments

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<v Speaker 1>have the capacity to cure people with advanced metastatic cancers

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<v Speaker 1>that were otherwise going to kill them very very rapidly.

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<v Speaker 1>So this has really been uh like an electric shock

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<v Speaker 1>in our field in terms of being able to um

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<v Speaker 1>excite investigators and patients and doctors and really give us

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<v Speaker 1>a sense of what the future could look like. This

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<v Speaker 1>is all the result of very painstaking research, and I

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<v Speaker 1>might add was research that many people didn't think was

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<v Speaker 1>going to be productive for many many years, and it

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<v Speaker 1>was only because enough money had been placed into the

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<v Speaker 1>research and development pipelines both within academia and employment, that

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<v Speaker 1>these kinds of transformative advances were possible. So I think

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<v Speaker 1>that the greatest challenges we have the wall that needs

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<v Speaker 1>to be jumped, and this is where what we're doing

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<v Speaker 1>today is perhaps a little bit different from the moonshot

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<v Speaker 1>initiatives of the nineteen sixties, where it was necessary to

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<v Speaker 1>put a man on the moon, is that in that

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<v Speaker 1>ladder circumstance, we had the technology and we knew how

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<v Speaker 1>to build rockets. We basically knew what had to be

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<v Speaker 1>done to get somebody on the moon, and it was

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<v Speaker 1>just a huge amount of work to make it happen.

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<v Speaker 1>In the area of cancer research and care, we have

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<v Speaker 1>some of the tools we need to be able to

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<v Speaker 1>make transformative advances, and in fact that the great progress

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<v Speaker 1>is being made, but there's still additional knowledge It needs

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<v Speaker 1>to be created in order to be able to really

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<v Speaker 1>take a where we want to go, and that's going

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<v Speaker 1>to require continued investment. Now that sounds really exciting, doctor.

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<v Speaker 1>How are you going to pay for these advances? You

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<v Speaker 1>talk about funding for research, but there's also the cost

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<v Speaker 1>on the other end to the patients. How are patients

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<v Speaker 1>going to pay for it? How is our medicare system

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<v Speaker 1>going to keep paying for these kinds of treatments? Are

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<v Speaker 1>our patients able to pay for these treatments? Now? Are

0:14:27.760 --> 0:14:31.080
<v Speaker 1>you seeing any streams yet at Georgetown in terms of

0:14:31.160 --> 0:14:35.600
<v Speaker 1>insurance or medicare not covering these kinds of new treatments

0:14:35.640 --> 0:14:39.440
<v Speaker 1>that doctors are recommending. So it's a very good question

0:14:39.440 --> 0:14:42.560
<v Speaker 1>and a very complicated question, obviously, and I'm gonna try

0:14:42.560 --> 0:14:45.680
<v Speaker 1>and break it down into several different components that if

0:14:45.720 --> 0:14:51.000
<v Speaker 1>I could. Firstly, let's remember that the as as was

0:14:51.040 --> 0:14:55.920
<v Speaker 1>mentioned earlier, the cost of cancer to the society in

0:14:56.040 --> 0:15:01.400
<v Speaker 1>terms of lost wages, lost productivity, destructure, the family, family

0:15:01.600 --> 0:15:06.560
<v Speaker 1>structures is just unimaginably high around the world, and we

0:15:06.600 --> 0:15:09.960
<v Speaker 1>have to always think about the costs in that context.

0:15:10.960 --> 0:15:14.520
<v Speaker 1>Remember that in the United States, in the next two

0:15:14.600 --> 0:15:17.800
<v Speaker 1>days more than three thousand people will die of cancer.

0:15:18.480 --> 0:15:22.960
<v Speaker 1>That is an unacceptable rate of death. It is if

0:15:22.960 --> 0:15:26.120
<v Speaker 1>this was happening from any other cause, I think that

0:15:26.520 --> 0:15:31.160
<v Speaker 1>the American people would be justly outraged and would demand action,

0:15:31.520 --> 0:15:33.000
<v Speaker 1>say what do we need to do to fix this

0:15:33.120 --> 0:15:36.000
<v Speaker 1>and fix it more rapidly. We certainly do that in

0:15:36.000 --> 0:15:39.120
<v Speaker 1>many other spheres when it involves national security, for example.

0:15:39.960 --> 0:15:43.880
<v Speaker 1>So I think that when we talk about how expensive

0:15:43.920 --> 0:15:49.240
<v Speaker 1>cancer care is, let's also remember how expensive cancer is. Secondly,

0:15:49.560 --> 0:15:54.000
<v Speaker 1>I think it's important to recognize that when you have

0:15:54.120 --> 0:15:58.600
<v Speaker 1>treatments that really work well, the ultimate cost is going

0:15:58.680 --> 0:16:01.520
<v Speaker 1>to be less all aroun out. I think one of

0:16:01.520 --> 0:16:04.080
<v Speaker 1>the real challenges we faced in the field of cancer

0:16:04.400 --> 0:16:07.240
<v Speaker 1>care and the cost of cancer care, as we've had

0:16:07.440 --> 0:16:11.360
<v Speaker 1>a number of expensive treatments that were approved that created

0:16:11.440 --> 0:16:15.800
<v Speaker 1>marginal benefits for patients with cancer, and that makes the

0:16:16.200 --> 0:16:20.600
<v Speaker 1>ultimate cost of cancer very large and perhaps and perhaps

0:16:20.680 --> 0:16:23.320
<v Speaker 1>it's not as cost effective as it should be. But

0:16:23.440 --> 0:16:27.680
<v Speaker 1>as we develop more effective therapies, and as we develop

0:16:27.720 --> 0:16:32.320
<v Speaker 1>additional disciplines that allow us to only use those treatments

0:16:32.320 --> 0:16:35.840
<v Speaker 1>that are likely to have major benefits to our patients,

0:16:35.960 --> 0:16:39.360
<v Speaker 1>I think that we will find that treatments are in

0:16:39.480 --> 0:16:44.920
<v Speaker 1>fact not only affordable, but desirable because it benefits society. Thirdly,

0:16:45.040 --> 0:16:48.760
<v Speaker 1>with respect to how insurance companies are dealing with with

0:16:48.920 --> 0:16:51.440
<v Speaker 1>with these costs at this point in time, I would

0:16:51.440 --> 0:16:56.000
<v Speaker 1>say that when we are using these agents for their

0:16:56.000 --> 0:17:00.680
<v Speaker 1>approved indications and patients who have the kind cancer where

0:17:00.720 --> 0:17:03.640
<v Speaker 1>these treatments have been demonstrated to be effective, I have

0:17:03.760 --> 0:17:08.560
<v Speaker 1>not run into any major challenges. Certainly, the insurance companies,

0:17:08.920 --> 0:17:13.240
<v Speaker 1>which are always looking to control their their expenditures, are

0:17:13.280 --> 0:17:18.320
<v Speaker 1>examining these requests quite carefully and are likely to deny

0:17:18.440 --> 0:17:22.919
<v Speaker 1>the requests if there if these are based upon physicians

0:17:23.320 --> 0:17:27.000
<v Speaker 1>intuition or belief and not supported by data, but that's

0:17:27.040 --> 0:17:31.560
<v Speaker 1>perhaps not that inappropriate. I think that as we move forward, though,

0:17:31.760 --> 0:17:34.439
<v Speaker 1>we're going to be dealing with some real big challenges, because,

0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:38.280
<v Speaker 1>for example, the drugs targeting one of these immune checkpoints

0:17:38.920 --> 0:17:42.119
<v Speaker 1>which can get that either the PD one or PDL

0:17:42.240 --> 0:17:47.320
<v Speaker 1>one immune checkpoint molecules. We find that these drugs can

0:17:47.359 --> 0:17:50.000
<v Speaker 1>work and maybe twenty five different cancers, but they don't

0:17:50.000 --> 0:17:53.040
<v Speaker 1>work in every patient with each of these twenty five cancers.

0:17:53.080 --> 0:17:55.320
<v Speaker 1>They work in some of the patients with each of

0:17:55.359 --> 0:17:58.200
<v Speaker 1>these twenty five cancers, So you can imagine there will

0:17:58.200 --> 0:18:01.600
<v Speaker 1>be some significant challenges when thinking who should be treated

0:18:01.640 --> 0:18:03.480
<v Speaker 1>with these drugs and how are we going to be

0:18:03.520 --> 0:18:05.119
<v Speaker 1>able to pay for it when we know that not

0:18:05.240 --> 0:18:09.359
<v Speaker 1>everybody with a particular disease as we currently understand it,

0:18:09.440 --> 0:18:12.560
<v Speaker 1>is going to benefit from these expensive therapies. And that's

0:18:12.600 --> 0:18:16.280
<v Speaker 1>where additional research is absolutely necessary so that we can

0:18:16.640 --> 0:18:19.960
<v Speaker 1>in fact begin to hone in one of the subpopulations

0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:23.600
<v Speaker 1>of patients with a particular cancer who might benefit from

0:18:23.880 --> 0:18:27.800
<v Speaker 1>a particular expensive therapy. So the answer to your question

0:18:27.840 --> 0:18:30.679
<v Speaker 1>is it's complicated, Dr Wyna. Thank you so much for

0:18:30.760 --> 0:18:33.879
<v Speaker 1>sharing your perspective with us, And complicated though it may be,

0:18:34.560 --> 0:18:37.800
<v Speaker 1>it's vitally important and you've addressed some big themes here.

0:18:37.880 --> 0:18:47.119
<v Speaker 1>Thank you, Thank you well, Scott. That was quite a

0:18:47.200 --> 0:18:50.199
<v Speaker 1>tour to force. And you know, it's just a reminder

0:18:50.240 --> 0:18:54.800
<v Speaker 1>that economics is a personal thing. It's not just GDP,

0:18:55.760 --> 0:18:58.600
<v Speaker 1>it's not just non farm pay rolls, it's not just

0:18:58.680 --> 0:19:02.160
<v Speaker 1>an f O MC just sasion once every six weeks, right,

0:19:02.200 --> 0:19:06.240
<v Speaker 1>And there's more dimensions to the economy than just these

0:19:06.280 --> 0:19:08.639
<v Speaker 1>kinds of things that we think about about stimulus and

0:19:08.680 --> 0:19:12.600
<v Speaker 1>central banks and jobs that there's there's six billion people

0:19:12.680 --> 0:19:16.119
<v Speaker 1>and each of them have have a risk of cancer.

0:19:16.240 --> 0:19:18.880
<v Speaker 1>They can get disease, they can die, and that affects

0:19:18.920 --> 0:19:21.840
<v Speaker 1>their productive capacity in the world, but also their personal

0:19:22.480 --> 0:19:25.800
<v Speaker 1>connection to their loved ones and everyone else. It makes

0:19:25.800 --> 0:19:28.840
<v Speaker 1>me wonder whether the economics profession and those of us

0:19:28.880 --> 0:19:32.399
<v Speaker 1>who write about it perhaps sometimes get too focused on

0:19:32.520 --> 0:19:36.000
<v Speaker 1>the stats and not enough attention is paid to the

0:19:36.160 --> 0:19:39.480
<v Speaker 1>human equation which underlies it all. I think that that's

0:19:39.480 --> 0:19:42.160
<v Speaker 1>a good point down And you know, we do pay attention.

0:19:42.240 --> 0:19:44.760
<v Speaker 1>We try to pay attention to the human equation here

0:19:44.760 --> 0:19:48.280
<v Speaker 1>at Bloomberg, but there's also value in taking a step

0:19:48.280 --> 0:19:51.760
<v Speaker 1>back and figuring out the big picture. And sometimes one

0:19:51.760 --> 0:19:55.480
<v Speaker 1>way to understand cancer is to focus on the big

0:19:55.520 --> 0:19:58.439
<v Speaker 1>picture and to see these kinds of trends and to

0:19:58.520 --> 0:20:01.320
<v Speaker 1>figure out, all right, should we put this money and

0:20:01.359 --> 0:20:03.720
<v Speaker 1>how are we going to pay for it? Because that's

0:20:03.760 --> 0:20:06.480
<v Speaker 1>the way that our society is going to get better

0:20:06.520 --> 0:20:08.600
<v Speaker 1>over time. Well, I want to thank you for your

0:20:08.640 --> 0:20:11.560
<v Speaker 1>candor here on the show. I know some of this

0:20:11.720 --> 0:20:14.960
<v Speaker 1>hasn't been easy for you, and you know continued God

0:20:15.040 --> 0:20:18.440
<v Speaker 1>speed to you and Rachel and the journey that your

0:20:18.480 --> 0:20:21.080
<v Speaker 1>family walks on. Thank you for your support down I

0:20:21.119 --> 0:20:23.800
<v Speaker 1>really appreciate it, and thanks to all of you for

0:20:23.880 --> 0:20:27.000
<v Speaker 1>listening to us on Bloomberg Benchmark. Will be back next week.

0:20:27.480 --> 0:20:30.160
<v Speaker 1>Until then, you can find us on the Bloomberg terminal

0:20:30.200 --> 0:20:34.880
<v Speaker 1>and Bloomberg dot com, as well as iTunes, pocket Cast, Stitcher,

0:20:35.000 --> 0:20:38.320
<v Speaker 1>and Google Play. Why are there? Take just a minute

0:20:38.359 --> 0:20:41.160
<v Speaker 1>to rate and review the show so more listeners can

0:20:41.200 --> 0:20:46.520
<v Speaker 1>find us. Scott's on Twitter at wait for it, Scott Landman.

0:20:46.840 --> 0:20:49.520
<v Speaker 1>That's all it is. Spell it for us, s C

0:20:49.880 --> 0:20:54.080
<v Speaker 1>O T T l A N M A N. You

0:20:54.119 --> 0:20:57.760
<v Speaker 1>can get met at Daniel Moss, d c Acchi and

0:20:57.840 --> 0:21:00.200
<v Speaker 1>Tory will be back with us next week. See Ye're

0:21:00.240 --> 0:21:00.320
<v Speaker 1>in