1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:03,520 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you should know, a production of five 2 00:00:03,600 --> 00:00:12,320 Speaker 1: Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:12,360 --> 00:00:18,280 Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles w. Action, Jackson Bryant, right, sure, 4 00:00:18,600 --> 00:00:22,079 Speaker 1: and then there's Jerry over there, the flash that makes 5 00:00:22,079 --> 00:00:27,440 Speaker 1: this stuff. You shure, that's right. If there's one thing 6 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:30,120 Speaker 1: people say to me is how much I'm like Carl 7 00:00:30,160 --> 00:00:35,040 Speaker 1: Weathers and how speedy Jerry is. Why why do I 8 00:00:35,120 --> 00:00:39,599 Speaker 1: want to say that Carl Weathers had one arm in Action? Jackson? 9 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:43,120 Speaker 1: I don't think that was the case. Has he ever 10 00:00:43,200 --> 00:00:45,600 Speaker 1: had one arm in any of his Oh? I think 11 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:49,040 Speaker 1: his arm gets pulled off in Predator? Okay, then I'm 12 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:51,360 Speaker 1: complaining the two. It sounds about right. I saw Predator, 13 00:00:51,440 --> 00:00:53,200 Speaker 1: but just once, like you know, when it came out. 14 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:56,760 Speaker 1: I saw it within the last twelve months. Yeah, I 15 00:00:56,760 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: think it's even better now has a grown up. Oh yeah, yeah, 16 00:01:00,000 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: I can really feel the tension like you're in the 17 00:01:03,560 --> 00:01:07,039 Speaker 1: jungle there with everybody. It's amazing. Have you been singing 18 00:01:08,319 --> 00:01:11,200 Speaker 1: the Buffalo Soldier song like constantly in her head? Despite 19 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:14,600 Speaker 1: my best efforts, I can't stop. Well, I looked up 20 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:16,760 Speaker 1: the lyrics because I was just you know, I know 21 00:01:16,840 --> 00:01:19,840 Speaker 1: some of them, Uh, but I wanted to kind of 22 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:22,800 Speaker 1: see where exactly he was probably talking about the soldiers, 23 00:01:23,560 --> 00:01:26,039 Speaker 1: and there were some kind of on the nose references. 24 00:01:26,160 --> 00:01:30,480 Speaker 1: Jerry mentioned San Juan mentioned San Juan. What else you know? 25 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:35,600 Speaker 1: Fighting for America, fighting on arrival, fighting for survival. Always 26 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:37,440 Speaker 1: I always got it wrong though. I thought he said 27 00:01:37,520 --> 00:01:40,920 Speaker 1: dreadlock rock star. No, he says dreadlock Rosta. I know. 28 00:01:41,160 --> 00:01:44,200 Speaker 1: I learned that today, Dreadlock rock star. I've been seeing well. 29 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:46,000 Speaker 1: I thought he was talking about himself. That's hilarious. I 30 00:01:46,040 --> 00:01:49,040 Speaker 1: was singing it wrong. I mean he was singing about himself. No, 31 00:01:49,200 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 1: he's singing about the Buffalo soldiers. They weren't Rosta's. I 32 00:01:54,840 --> 00:01:58,840 Speaker 1: guess some of them could have been. Maybe we'll find out. Anyway. 33 00:01:58,960 --> 00:02:02,880 Speaker 1: I've been singing for forty years, Dreadlock rock star. That's 34 00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:05,040 Speaker 1: pretty good, like a dumb dumb Oh, that's all right. 35 00:02:05,080 --> 00:02:07,360 Speaker 1: It's pretty close, man, And it still makes sense. The 36 00:02:07,360 --> 00:02:09,880 Speaker 1: ones that don't make sense are the hilarious ones that 37 00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:13,919 Speaker 1: just seems like a very like, I don't know, white 38 00:02:13,919 --> 00:02:18,119 Speaker 1: college kid thing to sing dread like rock star, dreadlock. Yeah, 39 00:02:18,160 --> 00:02:21,720 Speaker 1: when you first started listening to Bob Marley. Okay, you're ready, 40 00:02:21,800 --> 00:02:24,120 Speaker 1: I'm ready. So we're talking Buffalo Soldiers. And then it 41 00:02:24,200 --> 00:02:27,680 Speaker 1: is not just a Bob Marley song. It's if anything, 42 00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:29,840 Speaker 1: that Bob Marley song is kind of like a his 43 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:34,200 Speaker 1: story history lesson, which is kind of interesting. Um, but 44 00:02:34,280 --> 00:02:38,600 Speaker 1: the Buffalo Soldiers was the name of some all black 45 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:43,600 Speaker 1: regiments and then eventually all black soldiers in the United 46 00:02:43,639 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 1: States fighting in the United States military. That's right from 47 00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:48,920 Speaker 1: right after the Civil War all the way up until 48 00:02:48,919 --> 00:02:52,960 Speaker 1: I think nineteen fifty one, when the last all black 49 00:02:53,000 --> 00:02:58,800 Speaker 1: regiment was disbanded and the military was impracticed desegregated. Yeah, 50 00:02:58,840 --> 00:03:01,120 Speaker 1: but when did you say that happen? I think nineteen 51 00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,840 Speaker 1: fifty one. Um, But they did not take on that 52 00:03:04,919 --> 00:03:09,040 Speaker 1: natal post Civil Civil War, right, And at first it 53 00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:12,320 Speaker 1: wasn't a name that they took on themselves. It was 54 00:03:12,360 --> 00:03:14,120 Speaker 1: a name that was given to them. And there's a 55 00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:16,120 Speaker 1: lot of dispute over where it came from, who's the 56 00:03:16,120 --> 00:03:18,200 Speaker 1: first to use it, that kind of stuff. But it's 57 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:21,359 Speaker 1: a really interesting history and it's not just an interesting 58 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:25,679 Speaker 1: like military history. There's a lot of like terrible tragic 59 00:03:25,720 --> 00:03:31,919 Speaker 1: irony involved. There's, um, there's this kind of overarching theme 60 00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,760 Speaker 1: where you can make a case that the Buffalo Soldiers 61 00:03:35,800 --> 00:03:39,000 Speaker 1: are the ones who actually paved the way for desegregation 62 00:03:39,240 --> 00:03:42,400 Speaker 1: throughout the entire United States. You can trace a direct 63 00:03:42,480 --> 00:03:46,840 Speaker 1: line from their service to desegregation. It's pretty pretty amazing stuff. 64 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:50,800 Speaker 1: And yet there's still this kind of um cloud that 65 00:03:50,880 --> 00:03:54,120 Speaker 1: hangs over them historically because of one of the things 66 00:03:54,160 --> 00:03:57,840 Speaker 1: that they participated in, which was the genocide of Native 67 00:03:57,880 --> 00:04:02,280 Speaker 1: Americans at the behest of the white US government, right 68 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:06,400 Speaker 1: because they were trying to earn a place in white 69 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:10,560 Speaker 1: America and gained some status and prestige, and white America 70 00:04:10,640 --> 00:04:13,520 Speaker 1: was like, we want you to do something for us first, 71 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:17,720 Speaker 1: and we'll still probably not grant you that respect. Yeah, 72 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:19,880 Speaker 1: which is kind of par for the course from what 73 00:04:19,920 --> 00:04:24,159 Speaker 1: I understand as far as military service and being black 74 00:04:24,160 --> 00:04:27,120 Speaker 1: in America goes UM. In the Battle of New Orleans, 75 00:04:27,680 --> 00:04:32,000 Speaker 1: the Black Phalanx, this black regiment ended up pretty cool name. Yeah, 76 00:04:32,040 --> 00:04:35,640 Speaker 1: it really is. Um. They ended up basically winning the 77 00:04:35,680 --> 00:04:39,320 Speaker 1: battle UM against the British at the Battle of New Orleans, 78 00:04:39,360 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: which actually came ironically after the end of the War 79 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:44,520 Speaker 1: of eighteen twelve, but it was still a decisive battle 80 00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:48,800 Speaker 1: UM and they had been Mustard, a lot of them 81 00:04:48,880 --> 00:04:53,880 Speaker 1: from local plantations by Andrew Jackson, and Jackson had promised 82 00:04:53,880 --> 00:04:56,560 Speaker 1: them their freedom if they came and fought in one. 83 00:04:57,040 --> 00:04:59,719 Speaker 1: And they came and fought in one and Jackson said, yes, 84 00:05:00,000 --> 00:05:01,760 Speaker 1: are you have to go back to your plantations? I 85 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:04,760 Speaker 1: was lying, yeah, and that's not a surprise. Yeah, but um, 86 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:07,240 Speaker 1: imagine that And that was not the first time that 87 00:05:07,240 --> 00:05:09,000 Speaker 1: that had happened to him. That was pretty much par 88 00:05:09,160 --> 00:05:12,280 Speaker 1: for the course. While they were enslaved. They would be 89 00:05:12,279 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 1: promised freedom for fighting and then no, after the fact, 90 00:05:16,520 --> 00:05:19,479 Speaker 1: that's just not that's not gonna happen. Yeah. And you know, 91 00:05:19,560 --> 00:05:23,000 Speaker 1: like we said, the Buffalo soldiers post Civil War were 92 00:05:23,360 --> 00:05:27,160 Speaker 1: and we'll we'll get to um like their formal designation 93 00:05:27,200 --> 00:05:29,840 Speaker 1: and their regiments and stuff like that. But there had 94 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:34,480 Speaker 1: been uh individuals enlisted in all the way back to 95 00:05:34,520 --> 00:05:37,680 Speaker 1: the Revolutionary War. There were you know, black individuals that 96 00:05:37,720 --> 00:05:40,440 Speaker 1: would go and fight, but they just weren't grouped in 97 00:05:40,480 --> 00:05:44,800 Speaker 1: their own regiments. The first one was the Black Regiment 98 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:48,839 Speaker 1: in Rhode Island. I think. Yeah, in the Revolutionary War, 99 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:52,080 Speaker 1: didn't we talk about them in a short stuff about 100 00:05:52,279 --> 00:05:56,120 Speaker 1: um the Black Revolutionary war fighters? And they moved up 101 00:05:56,120 --> 00:06:01,920 Speaker 1: to Nova Scotia. We definitely did. So the Grabster put 102 00:06:01,920 --> 00:06:03,839 Speaker 1: this a lot of this together for us, which was 103 00:06:03,839 --> 00:06:07,120 Speaker 1: a big help. And it's important to look at what 104 00:06:07,160 --> 00:06:11,159 Speaker 1: was going on after the Civil War and this unique 105 00:06:11,200 --> 00:06:14,120 Speaker 1: set of circumstances that were created that kind of led 106 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:19,520 Speaker 1: to these regiments being formed, which was about twelve thousand 107 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:22,240 Speaker 1: maybe a little bit more black veteran soldiers from the 108 00:06:22,279 --> 00:06:25,480 Speaker 1: Civil War all of a sudden needed jobs and they 109 00:06:25,480 --> 00:06:28,360 Speaker 1: were soldiers at this point, so they were like, you know, 110 00:06:29,080 --> 00:06:31,599 Speaker 1: I'll keep doing this. This could be my career. Like 111 00:06:31,640 --> 00:06:35,440 Speaker 1: give us a job in reconstruction in the South, they 112 00:06:35,520 --> 00:06:41,479 Speaker 1: needed federal troops. Federal troops, well, yes, it was probably 113 00:06:41,520 --> 00:06:44,040 Speaker 1: not a good idea to send black troops for to 114 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:47,640 Speaker 1: oversee reconstruction, so to occupy the South, can you imagine 115 00:06:47,839 --> 00:06:50,600 Speaker 1: it would not have been So they sent white troops 116 00:06:50,640 --> 00:06:52,880 Speaker 1: of course, but that created a vacuum elsewhere where they 117 00:06:52,920 --> 00:06:56,280 Speaker 1: could use and utilize these black troops. Um, there were 118 00:06:56,320 --> 00:07:01,160 Speaker 1: four million slaves that were now free and uh ed 119 00:07:01,240 --> 00:07:03,600 Speaker 1: hazard a guess that you know, let's say a million 120 00:07:03,800 --> 00:07:06,600 Speaker 1: one and a half million of these were adult males 121 00:07:06,680 --> 00:07:09,160 Speaker 1: that were ready to go and serve and fight. If 122 00:07:09,240 --> 00:07:13,200 Speaker 1: need be. And then we were going west, and we 123 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:15,480 Speaker 1: knew that there were Native Americans out there that we're 124 00:07:15,480 --> 00:07:18,440 Speaker 1: not going to go easily. There was Mexico looming on 125 00:07:18,480 --> 00:07:22,480 Speaker 1: the horizon as potential conflict. And because they were sending 126 00:07:22,520 --> 00:07:26,600 Speaker 1: white soldiers to the south, Uh, they needed people to 127 00:07:26,640 --> 00:07:29,560 Speaker 1: go out west and kind of you know, keep the 128 00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:31,240 Speaker 1: peace in a way and take care of business in 129 00:07:31,280 --> 00:07:35,320 Speaker 1: another way, or to remove Native Americans forcibly from their 130 00:07:35,360 --> 00:07:40,560 Speaker 1: ancestral lands. That's right. So um on July sixty six, 131 00:07:40,600 --> 00:07:43,920 Speaker 1: Congress did something really surprising. They said, we've got all 132 00:07:43,920 --> 00:07:46,680 Speaker 1: these kind of expansionist ideas. We've got the South that 133 00:07:46,760 --> 00:07:49,320 Speaker 1: we need to occupy. We need a bigger army. We're 134 00:07:49,320 --> 00:07:53,080 Speaker 1: going to raise a huge peace time army. And not 135 00:07:53,160 --> 00:07:57,120 Speaker 1: only that, we're going to form some all black regiments. 136 00:07:57,120 --> 00:08:01,560 Speaker 1: Were going to let black people um enlist for the 137 00:08:01,640 --> 00:08:05,600 Speaker 1: first time ever as peace time soldiers. Yeah, and partially 138 00:08:05,680 --> 00:08:09,240 Speaker 1: because they just needed people, and partially because they thought 139 00:08:09,760 --> 00:08:11,680 Speaker 1: these black veterans that fought in the Civil War for 140 00:08:11,720 --> 00:08:14,440 Speaker 1: the Union they should be rewarded with jobs. Exactly. So, 141 00:08:14,520 --> 00:08:17,680 Speaker 1: for the first time, the federal government didn't reneg on 142 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:21,960 Speaker 1: the offer of something better. After having served and fought 143 00:08:22,600 --> 00:08:25,240 Speaker 1: as a soldier. So there's a big deal and just 144 00:08:25,400 --> 00:08:31,040 Speaker 1: having you know, allowing soldiers, black soldiers to enlist during 145 00:08:31,040 --> 00:08:33,600 Speaker 1: peace time, but the fact that they could enlistment that 146 00:08:33,600 --> 00:08:36,760 Speaker 1: they could become officers as well, which meant West Point 147 00:08:36,960 --> 00:08:40,440 Speaker 1: was open to black UM soldiers for the first time, 148 00:08:40,920 --> 00:08:44,160 Speaker 1: which was a huge deal UM in eighteen So in 149 00:08:44,240 --> 00:08:47,640 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty six is when they expanded the army. Just 150 00:08:47,760 --> 00:08:51,640 Speaker 1: a few years later they wanted to shrink the army 151 00:08:51,679 --> 00:08:55,240 Speaker 1: a little bit, so they consolidated a bunch of regiments 152 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:58,640 Speaker 1: down to five and the original I think it was 153 00:08:58,920 --> 00:09:04,440 Speaker 1: six uh for infantry and to cavalry were now shrunk 154 00:09:04,520 --> 00:09:08,640 Speaker 1: down and combined into the ninth Cavalry, the tenth Cavalry. 155 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:13,520 Speaker 1: I'm saying both cavalry and cavalry, just covering all your bases, 156 00:09:13,559 --> 00:09:16,559 Speaker 1: even though only one of them is correct in this cavalry, uh, 157 00:09:16,600 --> 00:09:20,760 Speaker 1: the infantry in the infantry right. And the fact that 158 00:09:20,840 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 1: they survived this downsizing of the army because Congress want 159 00:09:24,360 --> 00:09:26,280 Speaker 1: we need a big army. It's too big, let's get 160 00:09:26,400 --> 00:09:29,040 Speaker 1: rid of some some soldiers. The fact that all black 161 00:09:29,080 --> 00:09:34,120 Speaker 1: regiments survived is really miraculous because in that downsizing decree 162 00:09:34,600 --> 00:09:38,440 Speaker 1: a few years later. It wasn't um. It wasn't included, 163 00:09:38,520 --> 00:09:41,680 Speaker 1: like and we still need to keep black regiments in 164 00:09:41,679 --> 00:09:45,480 Speaker 1: intact um And William two comes to Sherman was no 165 00:09:45,760 --> 00:09:48,800 Speaker 1: great friend to the black man by any stretch of 166 00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:52,360 Speaker 1: the imagination. And he was in charge of downsizing these troops. 167 00:09:52,400 --> 00:09:55,360 Speaker 1: And yet he knew enough that there were still congress people, 168 00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:59,199 Speaker 1: congressmen in Congress who had created the black regiments in 169 00:09:59,240 --> 00:10:01,960 Speaker 1: the first place. They would not be very happy if 170 00:10:02,120 --> 00:10:04,079 Speaker 1: he just dissolved them, so he kept him in tech 171 00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:06,920 Speaker 1: and actually just went from six to four. Yeah, and 172 00:10:06,920 --> 00:10:11,079 Speaker 1: but it's interesting because it was peacetime. You know. During wartime, 173 00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:14,680 Speaker 1: especially back then, it was really pretty easy to get 174 00:10:14,679 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: people to sign up and volunteer and fight for whatever 175 00:10:17,559 --> 00:10:20,880 Speaker 1: side they were on. But in peace time they found 176 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:23,440 Speaker 1: that they could get the cream of the crop of 177 00:10:23,600 --> 00:10:27,200 Speaker 1: black soldiers because they didn't have as much opportunity, so 178 00:10:27,240 --> 00:10:29,960 Speaker 1: they could really be picky and get these really like 179 00:10:30,080 --> 00:10:34,320 Speaker 1: super capable fighters, whereas on the other side, uh, during 180 00:10:34,360 --> 00:10:37,400 Speaker 1: peace time, it was harder to get white soldiers that 181 00:10:37,400 --> 00:10:39,520 Speaker 1: were as capable because they had much more opportunities to 182 00:10:39,559 --> 00:10:42,120 Speaker 1: do other things beyond like hey, I got nothing going 183 00:10:42,120 --> 00:10:44,760 Speaker 1: on outside up for the army, right exactly. And in 184 00:10:44,840 --> 00:10:49,120 Speaker 1: the army to um, there's a lot of mythologizing about, um, 185 00:10:49,280 --> 00:10:52,800 Speaker 1: you know, how the black regiments were treated. It related 186 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:55,760 Speaker 1: to white regiments as well, and it seems like, um, 187 00:10:55,800 --> 00:10:59,000 Speaker 1: some historians have shown if you trace the supply lines, 188 00:10:59,520 --> 00:11:03,320 Speaker 1: the black bagment's got the same shoddy and then increasingly 189 00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:06,559 Speaker 1: better supplies as the white regiments at the same time. 190 00:11:06,920 --> 00:11:11,840 Speaker 1: And in the army you had just opportunities, um that 191 00:11:11,960 --> 00:11:14,720 Speaker 1: just weren't afforded to you outside, like the opportunity to 192 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:19,120 Speaker 1: make money, you know, and have savings and a pension, um, 193 00:11:19,679 --> 00:11:22,000 Speaker 1: things that you could you could kind of bank on 194 00:11:22,080 --> 00:11:25,160 Speaker 1: the future with that. That was just not part of 195 00:11:25,160 --> 00:11:29,880 Speaker 1: of the black experience of black men back then. You know. 196 00:11:30,840 --> 00:11:35,120 Speaker 1: I think that's a very robust set up in more, Oh, 197 00:11:35,160 --> 00:11:37,800 Speaker 1: we're still doing set up. No, let's beyond like That's 198 00:11:37,800 --> 00:11:39,880 Speaker 1: why I said and more. But I think what I'm 199 00:11:39,920 --> 00:11:43,520 Speaker 1: trying to say is it's a great time for a break. Okay, yeah, yeah, 200 00:11:43,640 --> 00:11:45,400 Speaker 1: all right, we'll be right back and we'll talk a 201 00:11:45,440 --> 00:11:49,240 Speaker 1: little bit about how this name came to be right 202 00:11:49,240 --> 00:12:12,280 Speaker 1: after this. So there's a lot in here about how 203 00:12:12,320 --> 00:12:15,560 Speaker 1: this name came to be, right, But I think we 204 00:12:15,640 --> 00:12:19,360 Speaker 1: condense it um. We can condense it to just a 205 00:12:19,400 --> 00:12:23,480 Speaker 1: couple of versions, one of which was that the name 206 00:12:23,600 --> 00:12:26,760 Speaker 1: may have come from the Native Americans as sort of 207 00:12:26,800 --> 00:12:31,320 Speaker 1: an honor, like they're brave and they fight, They're like fierce, 208 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:35,040 Speaker 1: like the buffalo and like Sasha fierce. I don't know 209 00:12:35,040 --> 00:12:39,200 Speaker 1: what that is. That's like Beyonce's weird alias. Why do stars, 210 00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:42,120 Speaker 1: when you get to this enormous, huge point, decided to 211 00:12:42,160 --> 00:12:46,240 Speaker 1: create an alter ego? That's always not good? Chris Gaines, Yes, 212 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:50,720 Speaker 1: learn the lesson from Chris Gaines. Yeah, who else has 213 00:12:50,760 --> 00:12:53,720 Speaker 1: done that? It doesn't matter, Chris, Some of them have worked. 214 00:12:53,880 --> 00:12:59,679 Speaker 1: Zikky Starda certainly worked. Captain Fantastic worked fine. Chris Gaines, 215 00:12:59,760 --> 00:13:02,480 Speaker 1: N it's all though, No, I agree, I didn't know 216 00:13:02,559 --> 00:13:07,920 Speaker 1: that very short lived really and what was the persona 217 00:13:08,080 --> 00:13:10,480 Speaker 1: was it? I guess she was fierce, so I don't know. 218 00:13:10,559 --> 00:13:12,840 Speaker 1: I just heard her name a couple of times. Beyonce's 219 00:13:12,840 --> 00:13:15,720 Speaker 1: fear though, right right, you don't need an alter ego, Beyonce. 220 00:13:15,880 --> 00:13:18,760 Speaker 1: You're fierce enough. You don't want to go too much fiercer. 221 00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:22,599 Speaker 1: You should be her manager should you know all the 222 00:13:22,720 --> 00:13:27,120 Speaker 1: right moves. So that is that is one of the 223 00:13:27,200 --> 00:13:30,200 Speaker 1: stories was that it was honor, a name of honor 224 00:13:30,240 --> 00:13:33,240 Speaker 1: from the Native Americans. But this to me sounds like 225 00:13:33,400 --> 00:13:35,360 Speaker 1: it might have been just something kind of cooked up 226 00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:38,199 Speaker 1: in history books or it just kind of converted into that. 227 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:42,840 Speaker 1: Maybe the Smithsonian Museum of African American History says, yeah, 228 00:13:43,080 --> 00:13:46,960 Speaker 1: that stands as popular lore. That's one um example. Another 229 00:13:47,600 --> 00:13:50,520 Speaker 1: is basically there's two competing ones, and that is that 230 00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:54,960 Speaker 1: the Native Americans did give this name to the black soldiers, 231 00:13:55,440 --> 00:13:58,400 Speaker 1: but that they were referring to the woolyness of the 232 00:13:58,440 --> 00:14:01,719 Speaker 1: black soldiers hair compared to white soldier's hair, and that 233 00:14:01,880 --> 00:14:04,719 Speaker 1: if you look between the horns of a buffalo, that 234 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:07,760 Speaker 1: kind of like to pay almost that the buffalo is 235 00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:10,640 Speaker 1: wearing bears of vague resemblance to it, and that that's 236 00:14:10,679 --> 00:14:13,280 Speaker 1: where it initially came from. Yeah, and there's like direct 237 00:14:13,360 --> 00:14:15,679 Speaker 1: evidence from letters and stuff of the time of this 238 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:18,000 Speaker 1: um whether or not it was true or not. It 239 00:14:18,160 --> 00:14:20,880 Speaker 1: was it was at least down in print as being 240 00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:24,160 Speaker 1: the reason, but we don't know for sure, uh, And 241 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:28,240 Speaker 1: we don't know for sure how they felt about the 242 00:14:28,360 --> 00:14:30,680 Speaker 1: name other than it seems like as time went on, 243 00:14:30,800 --> 00:14:34,760 Speaker 1: they kind of embraced the name as a designation UM. 244 00:14:35,520 --> 00:14:37,240 Speaker 1: And in one case there was one troop that did 245 00:14:37,400 --> 00:14:40,840 Speaker 1: use a bison on a patch on their uniform, but 246 00:14:41,040 --> 00:14:43,760 Speaker 1: then bison were used on other patches on uniforms of 247 00:14:43,800 --> 00:14:47,520 Speaker 1: white soldiers too. I think it was strictly Black regiments really, 248 00:14:47,640 --> 00:14:52,440 Speaker 1: just later ones that weren't the ninth That that was 249 00:14:52,520 --> 00:14:55,440 Speaker 1: my interpretation, okay, but but yeah, by the time I 250 00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:59,080 Speaker 1: think nineteen eleven is when that first patch appears. But 251 00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:01,840 Speaker 1: so by the time teen eleven rolls around, the Black 252 00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:05,720 Speaker 1: regiments had UM had totally like taken on Buffalo soldiers 253 00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:08,880 Speaker 1: a name of honor. Yeah, and and Ed points out, 254 00:15:09,000 --> 00:15:12,000 Speaker 1: I think it's fair. It's easy now in to look 255 00:15:12,080 --> 00:15:17,040 Speaker 1: back at UM two uh, two ethnic groups that were 256 00:15:17,320 --> 00:15:19,160 Speaker 1: you know, kept under the thumb of the white man 257 00:15:19,800 --> 00:15:22,800 Speaker 1: and say that, oh, you know, the Native Americans respected 258 00:15:22,840 --> 00:15:26,000 Speaker 1: them as fierce fighters, and the Black soldiers respected the 259 00:15:26,080 --> 00:15:34,240 Speaker 1: Native Americans. But that's probably retroactive revisionist history, because you know, 260 00:15:34,320 --> 00:15:37,400 Speaker 1: there were plenty of cases where the Buffalo soldiers referred 261 00:15:37,440 --> 00:15:40,480 Speaker 1: to them as you know, savages, and one case of 262 00:15:40,560 --> 00:15:45,200 Speaker 1: one soldier you know, going as a costume party, dressed 263 00:15:45,280 --> 00:15:47,760 Speaker 1: up and I guess what you would call red face, 264 00:15:48,720 --> 00:15:52,040 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, and uh so, yeah, it seems like that's 265 00:15:52,040 --> 00:15:53,960 Speaker 1: sort of cooked up these days, like they really had 266 00:15:54,080 --> 00:15:56,720 Speaker 1: much respect for one another during their battles. But I 267 00:15:56,760 --> 00:15:58,280 Speaker 1: don't know if that's a case. No, but you can 268 00:15:58,400 --> 00:16:01,040 Speaker 1: understand how that would how people would want to do that, 269 00:16:01,720 --> 00:16:07,880 Speaker 1: you know, because I mean, the sending African American soldiers 270 00:16:07,920 --> 00:16:13,040 Speaker 1: out to remove Native Americans from their land with violence 271 00:16:13,960 --> 00:16:18,000 Speaker 1: at the behest of white people. It's not a good story. No, 272 00:16:18,200 --> 00:16:20,440 Speaker 1: it's a terrible story. Yeah, it takes a bad story 273 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:23,040 Speaker 1: makes it worse, and then at the same time, um, 274 00:16:23,400 --> 00:16:25,640 Speaker 1: there's a real silver lining to it. There's that good 275 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:29,440 Speaker 1: story that like black soldiers served as heroes for the 276 00:16:29,600 --> 00:16:32,600 Speaker 1: black community in America as a whole at a time 277 00:16:32,640 --> 00:16:35,240 Speaker 1: when they really needed some black heroes, you know, and 278 00:16:35,360 --> 00:16:39,200 Speaker 1: the Jim Crow South was really starting to to solidify. Um, 279 00:16:39,720 --> 00:16:42,560 Speaker 1: So it's not like an all bad story, but it's 280 00:16:42,560 --> 00:16:45,320 Speaker 1: definitely not an all good story either. So people want 281 00:16:45,440 --> 00:16:48,080 Speaker 1: like a nice storybook ending for sure, which is surely 282 00:16:48,160 --> 00:16:50,760 Speaker 1: where that came from. I think. So, so should we 283 00:16:50,760 --> 00:16:55,800 Speaker 1: talk a little bit about, um what they did? Yeah, yeah, 284 00:16:55,800 --> 00:16:59,240 Speaker 1: when they were um first assembled in I think that 285 00:17:00,280 --> 00:17:05,080 Speaker 1: late to mid eighteen sixties. Um, they were almost immediately 286 00:17:05,320 --> 00:17:10,359 Speaker 1: moved out to the frontier Kansas and Texas, New Mexico, UM, 287 00:17:10,840 --> 00:17:13,879 Speaker 1: and pushing further and further west as their work was 288 00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:19,280 Speaker 1: increasingly successful. Yeah, and usually under the command of white officers. UM. 289 00:17:19,560 --> 00:17:22,560 Speaker 1: It was not looked at as some great assignment if 290 00:17:22,640 --> 00:17:26,440 Speaker 1: you were a white officer, uh, to go west and 291 00:17:26,560 --> 00:17:29,080 Speaker 1: command one of the Buffalo Soldier regiments. Yeah, it would 292 00:17:29,119 --> 00:17:31,920 Speaker 1: have been like being stationed in Alaska or something like that. 293 00:17:32,119 --> 00:17:36,520 Speaker 1: Alaska is great. Although some some white commanding officers did 294 00:17:37,480 --> 00:17:39,760 Speaker 1: rise to the occasion, yeah, and had a lot of 295 00:17:39,840 --> 00:17:42,159 Speaker 1: great things to say about the soldiers too. Some of 296 00:17:42,200 --> 00:17:45,080 Speaker 1: them definitely did not rise to the occasion and actually 297 00:17:45,119 --> 00:17:48,159 Speaker 1: went the other way, right, you know. Yeah, and you 298 00:17:48,280 --> 00:17:51,680 Speaker 1: mentioned West Point. This was a huge deal because, like 299 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:56,320 Speaker 1: you said, now, these young men could go attend West 300 00:17:56,359 --> 00:18:00,399 Speaker 1: Point and come out officers upon entry into the army. Uh. 301 00:18:00,480 --> 00:18:02,639 Speaker 1: There were quite a few cases. One was a man 302 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:06,920 Speaker 1: named Henry Flipper. He was the first black graduate of 303 00:18:07,000 --> 00:18:09,760 Speaker 1: West Point in eighteen seventy seven, came out as second 304 00:18:09,760 --> 00:18:14,800 Speaker 1: lieutenant in the tenth Cavy Cavalry and was basically set 305 00:18:14,920 --> 00:18:16,960 Speaker 1: up with a court martial. There was a case where 306 00:18:17,720 --> 00:18:19,840 Speaker 1: there was some He was put in charge of a 307 00:18:19,960 --> 00:18:23,760 Speaker 1: quartermaster safe to like guard it basically and take charge 308 00:18:23,800 --> 00:18:28,320 Speaker 1: of it. Money becomes missing, he uh kind of freaks 309 00:18:28,320 --> 00:18:31,080 Speaker 1: out and lies about it. It's kind of all evidence 310 00:18:31,119 --> 00:18:32,680 Speaker 1: pointing to the fact that he didn't take the money, 311 00:18:33,160 --> 00:18:35,840 Speaker 1: but he did lie about. How did he went? What 312 00:18:35,920 --> 00:18:38,440 Speaker 1: did he lie about? Thinks I couldn't I think that 313 00:18:38,560 --> 00:18:41,720 Speaker 1: the initial money was missing at all. Maybe I'm not 314 00:18:41,800 --> 00:18:44,359 Speaker 1: really sure, but it looks like it was a set up. 315 00:18:44,400 --> 00:18:46,520 Speaker 1: He was acquitted of the main charge even back then, 316 00:18:47,119 --> 00:18:49,400 Speaker 1: and was found guilty of an added charge of conduct 317 00:18:49,480 --> 00:18:53,919 Speaker 1: unbecoming of an officer right uh and was dismissed from 318 00:18:53,960 --> 00:18:57,359 Speaker 1: the army, which even back then was an overblown sentence 319 00:18:57,440 --> 00:19:00,360 Speaker 1: compared to the similar charges of white officers right into 320 00:19:00,400 --> 00:19:02,960 Speaker 1: the army at the time. He could have gotten his 321 00:19:03,280 --> 00:19:07,560 Speaker 1: discharge changed to honorable discharge, but the Army apparently didn't 322 00:19:07,560 --> 00:19:10,040 Speaker 1: have any procedure to do that, so it was up 323 00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:13,359 Speaker 1: to the commander in chief, Chester A. Arthur Uh to 324 00:19:13,560 --> 00:19:15,920 Speaker 1: decide yea or nay, And he just for he just 325 00:19:16,080 --> 00:19:20,840 Speaker 1: let it pass by. But he so um lieutenant. Was 326 00:19:20,880 --> 00:19:23,639 Speaker 1: he a lieutenant second lieutenant second lieutenant Flipper went to 327 00:19:23,720 --> 00:19:28,200 Speaker 1: his grave saying that he was innocent, and um he 328 00:19:28,440 --> 00:19:34,520 Speaker 1: In the nineties, Bill Clinton finally pardoned him. He did, 329 00:19:34,840 --> 00:19:40,040 Speaker 1: and Clinton that ghoul ordered him exhumed and reburied with 330 00:19:40,119 --> 00:19:44,399 Speaker 1: full military honors. But they suspect that Clinton just wanted 331 00:19:44,440 --> 00:19:49,400 Speaker 1: to see what the body looked like. Come on, he said, 332 00:19:49,480 --> 00:19:53,080 Speaker 1: let's do this, right. Yeah, he probably did say that. 333 00:19:53,560 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 1: So there were another couple of cases, John Hanks, Alexander 334 00:19:56,840 --> 00:20:00,159 Speaker 1: and Charles Young. Uh, they were West Point grads early on. 335 00:20:00,720 --> 00:20:05,080 Speaker 1: They went on to lead these regiments. And uh, that's 336 00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:07,919 Speaker 1: not to say that at West Point it was smooth Salem. 337 00:20:08,040 --> 00:20:10,520 Speaker 1: Of course. You know, they had a very hard time 338 00:20:10,560 --> 00:20:14,639 Speaker 1: there and still persevered extraordinarily. Um points out that in 339 00:20:14,720 --> 00:20:17,560 Speaker 1: the Tuskegee Airman Episode two, I think we talked about 340 00:20:18,000 --> 00:20:21,000 Speaker 1: how the um, those guys who went through West Point 341 00:20:21,080 --> 00:20:24,480 Speaker 1: had or the military academies had just an awful time 342 00:20:24,560 --> 00:20:27,920 Speaker 1: of it too. I mean that happened. I mean it 343 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:30,840 Speaker 1: probably still happens to some degree. But I mean I 344 00:20:30,920 --> 00:20:33,760 Speaker 1: read The Lords of Discipline. I did too, and saw 345 00:20:33,840 --> 00:20:36,120 Speaker 1: the movie. I don't know if I saw the movie 346 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:37,960 Speaker 1: or not, and that was what year was that set 347 00:20:38,119 --> 00:20:41,480 Speaker 1: that was? It's probably sixties, wasn't. I don't know what 348 00:20:41,640 --> 00:20:43,879 Speaker 1: was the problem with that guy. He just was soft 349 00:20:44,000 --> 00:20:48,480 Speaker 1: or something, wouldn't it he like was was um ah, 350 00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:53,960 Speaker 1: he had feelings, you know, I don't remember. I haven't 351 00:20:54,000 --> 00:20:56,879 Speaker 1: seen it in a long time. But um, that was 352 00:20:57,000 --> 00:21:00,240 Speaker 1: the Citadel, not West Point, which is Navy, I think, right, 353 00:21:00,720 --> 00:21:07,720 Speaker 1: Air Force Marines. The Citadel is National Guard. No cub Scouts, Yes, 354 00:21:07,840 --> 00:21:12,080 Speaker 1: it was cub Scouts. Citadel was cub Scouts where the break. 355 00:21:13,560 --> 00:21:17,760 Speaker 1: So uh, these regiments had about a thousand troops and officers. 356 00:21:18,600 --> 00:21:24,879 Speaker 1: But um, they were constantly under supplied. And like you 357 00:21:24,960 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: said earlier, it's there's no evidence that they were intentionally undersupplied. No, 358 00:21:28,880 --> 00:21:31,000 Speaker 1: but it's a myth that they were. Yeah, but kind 359 00:21:31,040 --> 00:21:33,159 Speaker 1: of everyone out west was because it takes a long 360 00:21:33,240 --> 00:21:34,760 Speaker 1: time to get stuff out there, and a lot of 361 00:21:34,800 --> 00:21:39,600 Speaker 1: those old Civil War weapons and equipment were pretty shoddy anyway. Yeah. Plus, 362 00:21:39,680 --> 00:21:41,520 Speaker 1: I mean it's not really easy to come by water 363 00:21:41,640 --> 00:21:44,640 Speaker 1: in the New Mexico desert or you're fighting the Cheyenne 364 00:21:44,720 --> 00:21:48,720 Speaker 1: or the Apache, um like, so you have horses that 365 00:21:48,840 --> 00:21:52,240 Speaker 1: need water too, because you're a cavalry unit. Um, and 366 00:21:52,359 --> 00:21:54,360 Speaker 1: the horses were breaking down. It was a really bad 367 00:21:54,480 --> 00:21:57,960 Speaker 1: time as they were moving further and further west. Because 368 00:21:58,400 --> 00:22:00,800 Speaker 1: we tend to think of the United States military like 369 00:22:01,240 --> 00:22:04,959 Speaker 1: in the terms of today, this just incredibly well oiled, 370 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:10,680 Speaker 1: logistical juggernaut. That was not the case after the Civil War. 371 00:22:10,760 --> 00:22:12,919 Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, until I believe the Spanish 372 00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,959 Speaker 1: American War, the United States military was looked upon internationally 373 00:22:17,119 --> 00:22:20,280 Speaker 1: is kind of like a not not the best around, 374 00:22:21,000 --> 00:22:24,280 Speaker 1: certainly not the best equipped the logistics. We didn't have 375 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:26,320 Speaker 1: that kind of stuff down. You didn't hear it from me, 376 00:22:26,480 --> 00:22:31,560 Speaker 1: but right exactly. But um, and this was you know, 377 00:22:31,760 --> 00:22:36,199 Speaker 1: the army that these guys were enlisted in, So they 378 00:22:36,280 --> 00:22:39,240 Speaker 1: were dealing with an army that was not was finding 379 00:22:39,320 --> 00:22:43,399 Speaker 1: its feet and then also on the frontier of the 380 00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:46,600 Speaker 1: United States at a time when they're protecting the people 381 00:22:46,680 --> 00:22:49,719 Speaker 1: building the railroads. So there's not even the railroads out 382 00:22:49,760 --> 00:22:52,920 Speaker 1: there yet. One of their jobs was to protect railroad workers, 383 00:22:53,320 --> 00:22:57,359 Speaker 1: mail carriers, people who were on trattle drives. Yeah, um, 384 00:22:58,040 --> 00:23:01,400 Speaker 1: these were the jobs they were asked with. Uh. Well, 385 00:23:01,440 --> 00:23:03,320 Speaker 1: they were also fighting, like we said, in what was 386 00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:06,440 Speaker 1: known as the Indian Wars, uh, including some of the 387 00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:08,520 Speaker 1: some of the big ones. I think we need to 388 00:23:08,600 --> 00:23:11,360 Speaker 1: do a big old episode on the any wars. Yeah, 389 00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:15,960 Speaker 1: let's do it. Wounded Knee, the White River War. Yeah, 390 00:23:16,080 --> 00:23:18,320 Speaker 1: I've never heard of that one. I looked it up. 391 00:23:18,480 --> 00:23:20,640 Speaker 1: The war is not a term for most of these. 392 00:23:20,800 --> 00:23:24,720 Speaker 1: Should be massacre now, it should be straight up massacres. Yeah. 393 00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:27,280 Speaker 1: Although here's the other thing too, This is really easy 394 00:23:27,400 --> 00:23:30,639 Speaker 1: for guys like us to do, especially in retrospect, is 395 00:23:30,880 --> 00:23:35,720 Speaker 1: um what's called like mythologizing the noble savage right where 396 00:23:36,160 --> 00:23:38,639 Speaker 1: the where we kind of make it seem like the 397 00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:41,840 Speaker 1: Indians were just the people who, you know, kind of 398 00:23:42,440 --> 00:23:46,840 Speaker 1: meekly accepted their fate and we're just rolled over by 399 00:23:46,920 --> 00:23:50,600 Speaker 1: the US government through this westward expansion. That's not the case. 400 00:23:51,119 --> 00:23:53,760 Speaker 1: In almost every case, the further west we got, the 401 00:23:53,840 --> 00:23:56,960 Speaker 1: fears of the fighting got, they pushed back. For sure. 402 00:23:57,320 --> 00:24:02,120 Speaker 1: They engaged in massacres that included killing women and children 403 00:24:02,480 --> 00:24:05,800 Speaker 1: and non combatants on both sides did so. It's not 404 00:24:06,000 --> 00:24:10,199 Speaker 1: like the Native Americans were just innocent of of bloodshed. 405 00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:14,960 Speaker 1: But it's important to remember that they were. They were 406 00:24:15,119 --> 00:24:18,280 Speaker 1: defending their lands from invaders. They were the insurgents, and 407 00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:22,200 Speaker 1: that so there's like a certain amount of um moral 408 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:26,320 Speaker 1: higher ground that they afforded just for being in that position, 409 00:24:26,920 --> 00:24:29,640 Speaker 1: you know. But it's just that's the thing. That's why 410 00:24:29,640 --> 00:24:33,639 Speaker 1: I've always been fascinated about histories, Like it's never just 411 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:36,479 Speaker 1: you know, black and white. Yeah, there's so much nuance 412 00:24:36,920 --> 00:24:39,639 Speaker 1: that gets overlooked, especially if you were raised in like 413 00:24:40,080 --> 00:24:42,479 Speaker 1: you know, public schools in America. Exactly, not a lot 414 00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:45,000 Speaker 1: of nuance going up right, and white people swooped in 415 00:24:45,160 --> 00:24:48,639 Speaker 1: and everything was great, exactly. So by the eight nineties, 416 00:24:48,720 --> 00:24:53,720 Speaker 1: the Indian Wars ended, um, the reservations popped up, or 417 00:24:53,800 --> 00:24:56,400 Speaker 1: they were just flat out massacred, like you said, or imprisoned. 418 00:24:57,240 --> 00:25:01,199 Speaker 1: And this is when the Buffalo Soldiers ar died, uh 419 00:25:01,400 --> 00:25:03,880 Speaker 1: taking part in some of the land disputes out west 420 00:25:04,280 --> 00:25:08,240 Speaker 1: with white settlers. Yeah, the removal of the Sooners in Oklahoma, 421 00:25:08,400 --> 00:25:11,120 Speaker 1: that's huge, huge, because all of a sudden, black regiments 422 00:25:11,160 --> 00:25:13,120 Speaker 1: show up and they're like you, you might be white, 423 00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:14,520 Speaker 1: but you need to get out of here because you 424 00:25:14,560 --> 00:25:18,840 Speaker 1: didn't follow the rules. That's a huge change from a 425 00:25:18,960 --> 00:25:21,560 Speaker 1: decade or so before, when like those people would have 426 00:25:21,600 --> 00:25:24,640 Speaker 1: been enslaved in the South. It's it's a big deal. 427 00:25:24,960 --> 00:25:28,640 Speaker 1: What else. You mentioned San Juan from the Bob Marley song. Yeah, 428 00:25:28,720 --> 00:25:31,840 Speaker 1: that's that was when they entered the national stage for 429 00:25:31,920 --> 00:25:35,920 Speaker 1: the first time. Yeah, fighting in Cuba in Puerto Rico. Yeah, 430 00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,520 Speaker 1: it's very confusing. They fought at the Battle of San 431 00:25:38,640 --> 00:25:41,760 Speaker 1: Juan Hill in Cuba and the Battle for San Juan 432 00:25:42,520 --> 00:25:46,800 Speaker 1: in Puerto Rico. That's right under the tenth Regiment under 433 00:25:46,880 --> 00:25:50,720 Speaker 1: the command of a guy named General John Pershing, who 434 00:25:50,800 --> 00:25:53,320 Speaker 1: you might be familiar with, is known as Blackjack Pershing, 435 00:25:53,480 --> 00:25:55,760 Speaker 1: the famous World War One general. Yeah, I had heard, 436 00:25:55,800 --> 00:25:57,320 Speaker 1: I knew, I had heard of him. He was named 437 00:25:57,359 --> 00:25:59,680 Speaker 1: black Jack because he was in command of the Black 438 00:25:59,720 --> 00:26:02,600 Speaker 1: Red amainst the tenth Cavalry, And I mean I think 439 00:26:02,640 --> 00:26:04,920 Speaker 1: in the First World War he was a little less 440 00:26:05,640 --> 00:26:09,399 Speaker 1: um willing to stand up and like advocate for them, 441 00:26:09,560 --> 00:26:11,240 Speaker 1: but by the time World War Two came around, he 442 00:26:11,440 --> 00:26:13,399 Speaker 1: was okay. So I didn't hear about the World War 443 00:26:13,480 --> 00:26:15,320 Speaker 1: Two part. But that was a pretty big betrayal in 444 00:26:15,400 --> 00:26:19,000 Speaker 1: World War One because he led the tenth Cavalry up 445 00:26:19,040 --> 00:26:22,959 Speaker 1: San Juan Hill in Cuba, um along with the rough Riders, 446 00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:28,480 Speaker 1: along with White infantry. The This battle was one of 447 00:26:28,560 --> 00:26:31,719 Speaker 1: the first ones right before the turn of the twentieth century. 448 00:26:32,480 --> 00:26:35,080 Speaker 1: Um where there were if you were standing back, like 449 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:38,120 Speaker 1: looking at this battle, there's black guys, there's white guys. 450 00:26:38,160 --> 00:26:41,920 Speaker 1: There's black guys on horses, there's Spanish people coming down here, 451 00:26:42,040 --> 00:26:46,200 Speaker 1: like there's all these people. But the black um soldiers 452 00:26:46,240 --> 00:26:50,280 Speaker 1: and the white soldiers were intermingling, fighting together, side by side, 453 00:26:51,240 --> 00:26:54,280 Speaker 1: and they won. And Teddy Roosevelt said it was all me. 454 00:26:54,480 --> 00:26:57,119 Speaker 1: I I won the Battle of Cuba San Juan in Cuba. 455 00:26:57,560 --> 00:27:01,280 Speaker 1: But historians say, actually, no, these black regiments, specifically the 456 00:27:01,359 --> 00:27:05,560 Speaker 1: tenth Cavalry, really won this battle in the Spanish American 457 00:27:05,600 --> 00:27:09,360 Speaker 1: War down in Cuba, and it was huge. It put 458 00:27:09,400 --> 00:27:12,280 Speaker 1: the Buffalo Soldiers on the map for really the first 459 00:27:12,359 --> 00:27:17,960 Speaker 1: time ever in the American popular consciousness, and like um, 460 00:27:18,160 --> 00:27:20,959 Speaker 1: black families around America, like you could go into their 461 00:27:21,000 --> 00:27:22,960 Speaker 1: dining room and there'll be a print of like a 462 00:27:23,040 --> 00:27:25,160 Speaker 1: painting of the Battle of San Juan with the Buffalo 463 00:27:25,240 --> 00:27:28,840 Speaker 1: soldiers storming the hill like um. One historian put it 464 00:27:29,119 --> 00:27:33,760 Speaker 1: that they were there that generation's Jackie Robinson and Joe Lewis, 465 00:27:34,320 --> 00:27:36,239 Speaker 1: like they were the heroes, Like I was saying they 466 00:27:36,280 --> 00:27:38,240 Speaker 1: were the heroes at a time when Jim Crow Laws 467 00:27:38,240 --> 00:27:42,000 Speaker 1: were really coming into into force and have really really 468 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:46,240 Speaker 1: bleak time for Black America. All of a sudden, there's 469 00:27:46,280 --> 00:27:50,160 Speaker 1: these buffalo soldiers that basically helped win the Spanish American War, 470 00:27:50,320 --> 00:27:54,680 Speaker 1: fighting alongside white soldiers too and being equal in that respect. 471 00:27:54,960 --> 00:27:56,880 Speaker 1: And that's why you'll see all those statues right next 472 00:27:56,920 --> 00:28:01,000 Speaker 1: to Teddy Roosevelt exactly exactly. And you know what, I 473 00:28:01,119 --> 00:28:03,879 Speaker 1: may have made up that part about General Pershing advocating 474 00:28:03,920 --> 00:28:05,720 Speaker 1: wor wor World War two, now that I think about it, 475 00:28:05,760 --> 00:28:08,240 Speaker 1: Oh well, that was I didn't get to the betrayal thing, chuck. 476 00:28:08,400 --> 00:28:11,840 Speaker 1: So when World War One roll rolled around, he was 477 00:28:12,080 --> 00:28:15,760 Speaker 1: in charge of I think basically everybody in Europe, and 478 00:28:16,040 --> 00:28:19,359 Speaker 1: he turned his back on his black regiment and all 479 00:28:19,440 --> 00:28:22,199 Speaker 1: black soldiers and basically said, no, you guys fighting your 480 00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:24,480 Speaker 1: own regiments. So I don't want you fighting side by side. 481 00:28:25,080 --> 00:28:27,439 Speaker 1: And but the French were like, hey, come fight with us, 482 00:28:28,200 --> 00:28:31,200 Speaker 1: we'll we'll command you. And that happened. That reminded me. 483 00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:34,880 Speaker 1: The French were also the first ones to recognize officially 484 00:28:35,200 --> 00:28:38,560 Speaker 1: the Native American code talkers, even before the United States did. 485 00:28:38,840 --> 00:28:42,400 Speaker 1: Remember that, and they also used black aviators in World 486 00:28:42,440 --> 00:28:46,560 Speaker 1: War One two, So up with the French historically speaking, 487 00:28:47,360 --> 00:28:51,320 Speaker 1: there's a teacher that gave us those fries and that bread. 488 00:28:51,560 --> 00:28:55,040 Speaker 1: You mean, freedom fries, freedom bread. I feel like I'm 489 00:28:55,080 --> 00:28:59,440 Speaker 1: talking a lot, am I I mean, no more than usual, Okay, 490 00:29:00,000 --> 00:29:04,680 Speaker 1: read them. So in World War Two, the Buffalo Soldier 491 00:29:04,800 --> 00:29:07,760 Speaker 1: units were used a lot um a lot of times. 492 00:29:07,840 --> 00:29:09,800 Speaker 1: Though they were not on the front lines. They were 493 00:29:10,400 --> 00:29:14,239 Speaker 1: stuck to administrative and support duties. Um. But they did 494 00:29:14,400 --> 00:29:17,520 Speaker 1: join in combat here and there, uh and on both 495 00:29:17,840 --> 00:29:21,000 Speaker 1: the theaters in the war. Um, mostly towards towards the 496 00:29:21,120 --> 00:29:24,600 Speaker 1: end of World War two. Um. But it was you know, 497 00:29:24,800 --> 00:29:27,480 Speaker 1: a lot of this, A lot of the good that 498 00:29:27,520 --> 00:29:29,640 Speaker 1: you see coming out of what the Buffalo Soldiers did 499 00:29:29,760 --> 00:29:35,080 Speaker 1: was foundation work and groundwork for desegregating the military, for 500 00:29:35,800 --> 00:29:39,480 Speaker 1: showing that these guys are just the same as white soldiers. 501 00:29:39,560 --> 00:29:43,840 Speaker 1: They're just as capable, they fight just as bravely. Um. 502 00:29:44,000 --> 00:29:46,480 Speaker 1: And it really kind of laid that groundwork for the 503 00:29:46,560 --> 00:29:51,280 Speaker 1: desegregation after the war. Yes, like a direct line for it. 504 00:29:51,600 --> 00:29:55,400 Speaker 1: It's weird, but they basically a way to put it 505 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,360 Speaker 1: is that the white America said, okay, all right, if 506 00:29:58,440 --> 00:30:01,680 Speaker 1: you will, we'll give you a shot. You go out 507 00:30:01,720 --> 00:30:04,200 Speaker 1: and serve in battle, and let's see what you what 508 00:30:04,400 --> 00:30:07,720 Speaker 1: you can do, and then maybe we'll see what we'll 509 00:30:07,760 --> 00:30:11,360 Speaker 1: see from there. And just by being given that one 510 00:30:11,440 --> 00:30:15,800 Speaker 1: opportunity two to show that they could do things that 511 00:30:15,880 --> 00:30:20,280 Speaker 1: were presumed they couldn't, like act bravely and fight um 512 00:30:20,440 --> 00:30:22,880 Speaker 1: and be a good soldier, that was like, you know, 513 00:30:23,040 --> 00:30:26,320 Speaker 1: good at being a soldier. They proved that all of 514 00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:28,920 Speaker 1: these myths about how black people couldn't do these things 515 00:30:29,040 --> 00:30:33,120 Speaker 1: were wrong. And that kind of thing opens up some 516 00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:36,239 Speaker 1: people's eyes too. Okay, well, what else do I think 517 00:30:36,280 --> 00:30:38,640 Speaker 1: about black people that are wrong? And it's weird to 518 00:30:38,680 --> 00:30:44,200 Speaker 1: think about because on a on a um, on a 519 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:49,240 Speaker 1: social level, that that's what it takes, that that people's 520 00:30:49,320 --> 00:30:53,600 Speaker 1: minds can be changed like that. But historically, speaking in retrospect, 521 00:30:53,680 --> 00:30:57,480 Speaker 1: like that's how it happens, you know, like one prejudice 522 00:30:57,560 --> 00:30:59,719 Speaker 1: is tested and then all of a sudden, other prejudices 523 00:30:59,800 --> 00:31:04,680 Speaker 1: start lowly, yeah, kind of kind of falling over like dominoes, totally, 524 00:31:05,080 --> 00:31:10,200 Speaker 1: very very slowly. Though unfortunately, like dominoes, you can only 525 00:31:10,240 --> 00:31:13,120 Speaker 1: picture falling fast. I know, do that in SloMo. It's 526 00:31:13,120 --> 00:31:16,880 Speaker 1: almost a terrible analogy almost, so it's crazy to think, 527 00:31:17,000 --> 00:31:21,440 Speaker 1: but um. Even though desegregation happened long before this, it 528 00:31:21,520 --> 00:31:24,479 Speaker 1: takes a while for that to fully happen. And they 529 00:31:24,480 --> 00:31:28,240 Speaker 1: were Buffalo soldier units in the Korean War, all black 530 00:31:28,480 --> 00:31:31,200 Speaker 1: units in the Korean War. There was but it was 531 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:36,120 Speaker 1: I think that Truman signed this act disagregating the military. Yeah, 532 00:31:36,120 --> 00:31:38,440 Speaker 1: and I think it was took three more years. Nineteen 533 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:43,560 Speaker 1: fifty one was when the final the final one was disbanded. Right. 534 00:31:43,640 --> 00:31:45,320 Speaker 1: But that's why I was saying you could trace a 535 00:31:45,400 --> 00:31:48,560 Speaker 1: direct line of disaggregation from the military, because that was 536 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:52,200 Speaker 1: the first chance that Black America had to show that 537 00:31:52,360 --> 00:31:55,640 Speaker 1: it could be treated equally and that it could act equally. Um. 538 00:31:56,000 --> 00:31:59,240 Speaker 1: And they showed that, and it led to disagregation in 539 00:31:59,280 --> 00:32:03,880 Speaker 1: the military. And then three years after the actual in 540 00:32:04,080 --> 00:32:09,160 Speaker 1: practice disegregation of military regiments, there was the Brown Versus 541 00:32:09,200 --> 00:32:13,880 Speaker 1: Board of Education ruling, which not in practice but in 542 00:32:14,040 --> 00:32:19,280 Speaker 1: theory disegregated schools. So it went army schools and then 543 00:32:19,320 --> 00:32:22,360 Speaker 1: eventually socially it just kept going. Yeah, but it was 544 00:32:22,480 --> 00:32:27,680 Speaker 1: because of the Buffalo soldiers and in their service directly, undisputedly. 545 00:32:27,880 --> 00:32:29,680 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, I mean that's crazy to think. As late 546 00:32:29,720 --> 00:32:32,440 Speaker 1: as the Korean War, though some of those units were 547 00:32:32,440 --> 00:32:34,560 Speaker 1: still fighting. Ye, it is because when I think of Match, 548 00:32:35,400 --> 00:32:39,920 Speaker 1: it doesn't feel modern, but it doesn't feel like Buffalo 549 00:32:40,040 --> 00:32:43,720 Speaker 1: Soldier territory. Right, Yeah, the Buffalo Soldiers you think of 550 00:32:43,800 --> 00:32:47,320 Speaker 1: like nineteenth century American West, nine fifties Korea. No, you 551 00:32:47,360 --> 00:32:51,440 Speaker 1: don't think of Hawkeye and his jen Still. I guess 552 00:32:51,480 --> 00:32:53,680 Speaker 1: there was one black character on Match with a very 553 00:32:53,760 --> 00:32:57,760 Speaker 1: unfortunate name, but we won't talk about that. I'm not familiar. 554 00:32:59,280 --> 00:33:00,960 Speaker 1: All right, Well, I think we should take a break 555 00:33:01,080 --> 00:33:03,920 Speaker 1: and come back and talk about what is to me 556 00:33:05,200 --> 00:33:07,720 Speaker 1: one of the cooler aspects of this whole story, the 557 00:33:07,800 --> 00:33:31,520 Speaker 1: Bob Marley song. No, we'll be right, all right, We're back, 558 00:33:32,040 --> 00:33:33,800 Speaker 1: and we're going to talk about what I think is 559 00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:38,120 Speaker 1: one of the coolest little parts here of this whole story, 560 00:33:38,320 --> 00:33:41,800 Speaker 1: which I never knew. If you've ever been to Sequoia 561 00:33:41,920 --> 00:33:45,600 Speaker 1: National Park or Yosemite National Park or some other national 562 00:33:45,640 --> 00:33:48,760 Speaker 1: parks out west, and you're hiking a trail or driving 563 00:33:48,800 --> 00:33:52,400 Speaker 1: down a road, you might have the Buffalo Soldiers to 564 00:33:52,480 --> 00:33:56,160 Speaker 1: thank for that trail in those roads. Uh. They and 565 00:33:56,280 --> 00:33:59,760 Speaker 1: it's one of their their highlight achievements to me is 566 00:34:00,160 --> 00:34:04,320 Speaker 1: once we established the national parks Teddy Roosevelt again build 567 00:34:04,360 --> 00:34:07,840 Speaker 1: statues of him. Right. Um, you had to enforce this 568 00:34:07,920 --> 00:34:09,480 Speaker 1: stuff because this was the first time we were like, 569 00:34:09,520 --> 00:34:12,360 Speaker 1: wait a minute, this is protected land. You can't just 570 00:34:12,440 --> 00:34:15,080 Speaker 1: come in here and take the timber or hunt, you know, 571 00:34:15,360 --> 00:34:18,359 Speaker 1: the animals. Like, there are rules now, you set up 572 00:34:18,400 --> 00:34:22,320 Speaker 1: like you set aside grazing lands, set aside national parks. 573 00:34:22,640 --> 00:34:26,239 Speaker 1: Libertarians they take issue with that kind of thing, and 574 00:34:26,320 --> 00:34:28,440 Speaker 1: you need to have buffalo soldiers to fight them off. 575 00:34:28,640 --> 00:34:33,400 Speaker 1: That's right. So from to nineteen thirteen, about twenty five 576 00:34:33,520 --> 00:34:36,680 Speaker 1: years or so, these some of these black regiments were 577 00:34:36,880 --> 00:34:39,839 Speaker 1: essentially the first park rangers. They didn't have that name 578 00:34:39,960 --> 00:34:42,640 Speaker 1: at the time. Um, but they kept the poachers at 579 00:34:42,680 --> 00:34:45,400 Speaker 1: bay and stopped the illegal grazing and the timber thieves. 580 00:34:46,120 --> 00:34:49,759 Speaker 1: Uh they fault wildfires. Yeah. I didn't get a chance 581 00:34:49,800 --> 00:34:52,360 Speaker 1: to really look into this, but I wonder what nineteen 582 00:34:52,440 --> 00:34:56,120 Speaker 1: thirteen wildfire fighting was. Like, I'll bet it was real 583 00:34:56,200 --> 00:35:01,600 Speaker 1: dicey bucket brigade stuff. Probably like firefighting is dicey wildfire fighting, 584 00:35:01,680 --> 00:35:04,040 Speaker 1: but a hundred years ago, man, I hopet it was. 585 00:35:04,120 --> 00:35:07,360 Speaker 1: I can't imagine. God, but like I said, with the 586 00:35:07,440 --> 00:35:10,000 Speaker 1: trails and stuff, a lot of some of the more 587 00:35:10,040 --> 00:35:12,960 Speaker 1: significant trails and roads. Some of the buildings, yeah, some 588 00:35:13,040 --> 00:35:15,920 Speaker 1: of the older cabins, they were built and constructed by 589 00:35:15,960 --> 00:35:18,799 Speaker 1: Buffalo soldiers, which is just super cool. Yeah. So if 590 00:35:18,840 --> 00:35:22,320 Speaker 1: you find a building in Yosemite or Sequoia National Parks, 591 00:35:22,440 --> 00:35:27,560 Speaker 1: that's yes, then it was probably built by Buffalo soldiers 592 00:35:27,640 --> 00:35:30,319 Speaker 1: or hiking a trail. Yeah, this is all just super cool. Yeah, 593 00:35:30,360 --> 00:35:34,880 Speaker 1: it's pretty cool. They also rode bicycles around the place too, 594 00:35:34,960 --> 00:35:38,520 Speaker 1: which is kind of neat. Yeah. Um, so, Chuck. The 595 00:35:38,800 --> 00:35:42,840 Speaker 1: last Buffalo soldier, and I mean, like original Buffalo soldier, 596 00:35:43,600 --> 00:35:47,520 Speaker 1: Mark Matthews. He died on September six, two thousand five. 597 00:35:48,040 --> 00:35:50,960 Speaker 1: He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery. He was a 598 00:35:51,040 --> 00:35:54,919 Speaker 1: hundred and eleven years old, and he actually fought under 599 00:35:55,239 --> 00:36:00,480 Speaker 1: General Pershing in the tenth Cavalry on the hunt for Chovia. 600 00:36:01,440 --> 00:36:04,279 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, yeah, I think I don't know if we 601 00:36:04,360 --> 00:36:06,759 Speaker 1: mentioned that. How many medals of honor were there? Twenty three? 602 00:36:07,080 --> 00:36:10,960 Speaker 1: I saw three. The National Museum of African American History 603 00:36:11,040 --> 00:36:15,000 Speaker 1: says eighteen. I'm gonna go with them all right, somewhere 604 00:36:15,040 --> 00:36:17,719 Speaker 1: between eighteen and twenty three, let's saying that. Yeah, So 605 00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:20,400 Speaker 1: you know, the I guess the moral of the story 606 00:36:20,560 --> 00:36:24,840 Speaker 1: is that they did provide this um direct line to desegregation, 607 00:36:25,040 --> 00:36:26,719 Speaker 1: not only through the army, but, like you're saying, all 608 00:36:26,760 --> 00:36:30,080 Speaker 1: through America. But sadly, a lot of them did exit 609 00:36:30,200 --> 00:36:33,839 Speaker 1: the military. Um. Some of them did have a little 610 00:36:34,160 --> 00:36:37,279 Speaker 1: uh higher status and a leg to stand on. Many 611 00:36:37,320 --> 00:36:39,560 Speaker 1: of them didn't. Uh they were There was a study 612 00:36:39,600 --> 00:36:42,440 Speaker 1: of lynchings in the US that found that black military 613 00:36:42,520 --> 00:36:46,800 Speaker 1: veterans were targeted uh and lynched more the non veteran 614 00:36:46,920 --> 00:36:50,960 Speaker 1: black people, with the idea that it was a real 615 00:36:51,040 --> 00:36:54,919 Speaker 1: threat in uh, the racist white South for a black 616 00:36:55,000 --> 00:36:57,320 Speaker 1: man to leave the army with some rank and some 617 00:36:57,440 --> 00:37:00,719 Speaker 1: status and feeling good guns, feeling good about himself. Don't 618 00:37:00,719 --> 00:37:03,560 Speaker 1: forgetting the Tulsa Maskre episode. It was the World War 619 00:37:03,719 --> 00:37:05,960 Speaker 1: One bets who are like, uh, no, we're gonna go 620 00:37:06,160 --> 00:37:09,800 Speaker 1: defend this boy from being winched with guns. They showed 621 00:37:09,880 --> 00:37:13,640 Speaker 1: up with guns. I think, um, there, I remember in 622 00:37:13,680 --> 00:37:18,000 Speaker 1: the Black Panther episode two. Um, they traced a direct 623 00:37:18,120 --> 00:37:22,000 Speaker 1: line of this um the sense of like you need 624 00:37:22,080 --> 00:37:25,920 Speaker 1: to defend yourself and protect yourself with firearms. They traced 625 00:37:26,000 --> 00:37:29,320 Speaker 1: that directly to World War One veterans. Yeah, yeah, so 626 00:37:29,840 --> 00:37:34,560 Speaker 1: there is a terrible logic to that, I guess. Yeah, 627 00:37:34,680 --> 00:37:38,600 Speaker 1: for sure. There was also a terrible um senator and 628 00:37:38,680 --> 00:37:44,320 Speaker 1: governor of Mississippi named James Vardaman who was just straight 629 00:37:44,400 --> 00:37:47,480 Speaker 1: up white supremacist. Like, no matter how you slice it, 630 00:37:47,760 --> 00:37:52,239 Speaker 1: you could have just said senator from Mississippi in seventeen Uh, 631 00:37:52,360 --> 00:37:55,359 Speaker 1: he's He spoke to the U Senate and he really 632 00:37:55,440 --> 00:37:59,239 Speaker 1: kind of crystallizes how they felt about black veterans. In 633 00:37:59,320 --> 00:38:01,920 Speaker 1: nineteen seven on the Senate floor, he said, once you 634 00:38:02,080 --> 00:38:05,120 Speaker 1: impress the Negro with the fact that he is defending 635 00:38:05,160 --> 00:38:10,280 Speaker 1: the flag and inflate his untortured soul with military airs, 636 00:38:10,719 --> 00:38:14,439 Speaker 1: his political rights must be respected. Um. And he wasn't 637 00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:17,719 Speaker 1: saying like and that's great, Yeah, so let's respect that. Yeah, 638 00:38:17,800 --> 00:38:25,040 Speaker 1: this was a warning basically, and he was over over looked. 639 00:38:25,719 --> 00:38:31,600 Speaker 1: He didn't listen to him ultimately, because they did continue 640 00:38:31,680 --> 00:38:35,480 Speaker 1: having black soldiers as soldiers and eventually desegregated, which led 641 00:38:35,520 --> 00:38:38,399 Speaker 1: to de segregation in America, which is pretty great. That's right. 642 00:38:38,640 --> 00:38:41,600 Speaker 1: I would love to hear from some current African American 643 00:38:42,120 --> 00:38:45,320 Speaker 1: military personnel because I want to know what the current 644 00:38:45,440 --> 00:38:51,640 Speaker 1: sort of temperature is as an active service person. Oh 645 00:38:51,920 --> 00:38:54,640 Speaker 1: what the racism is like in the military. Yeah, sure, 646 00:38:55,480 --> 00:38:58,440 Speaker 1: I'm sure you know that there will be different versions 647 00:38:58,520 --> 00:39:02,200 Speaker 1: of that story depending on who you're in contact with 648 00:39:02,440 --> 00:39:06,360 Speaker 1: and what your particular like platoon is like. Yeah. I 649 00:39:06,440 --> 00:39:08,920 Speaker 1: wonder though, because the military is like some kind of 650 00:39:09,000 --> 00:39:14,880 Speaker 1: weird similar acre of American society, and I wonder if 651 00:39:14,960 --> 00:39:18,160 Speaker 1: it's more racist or less racist. I think there's a 652 00:39:18,239 --> 00:39:20,080 Speaker 1: chance to go either way. I mean, my guess is 653 00:39:20,200 --> 00:39:22,520 Speaker 1: less you know my uh, like I said, my brother 654 00:39:22,560 --> 00:39:25,840 Speaker 1: in law before and is a marine and it's pretty 655 00:39:25,920 --> 00:39:29,400 Speaker 1: high up, you could say. And every time I've been 656 00:39:29,440 --> 00:39:31,520 Speaker 1: on these marine bases a lot, and it all seems 657 00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:35,560 Speaker 1: like they're all sort of you know, got that thinking 658 00:39:35,719 --> 00:39:38,759 Speaker 1: that group think going on, like we're just marines, like 659 00:39:39,440 --> 00:39:42,719 Speaker 1: none of us are a color, we're green. Well I've 660 00:39:42,760 --> 00:39:45,239 Speaker 1: seen full metal jacket, right, and there are a lot 661 00:39:45,320 --> 00:39:49,440 Speaker 1: of racist stuff in there. I'm sure. Okay, Yeah, I 662 00:39:49,520 --> 00:39:51,400 Speaker 1: could go either way. It could go either way. I 663 00:39:51,480 --> 00:39:53,759 Speaker 1: would like to hear um that as well. I'd also 664 00:39:53,840 --> 00:39:56,360 Speaker 1: like to hear from any Native American listeners to know 665 00:39:56,600 --> 00:40:00,239 Speaker 1: what what they were taught about Buffalo soldiers to what 666 00:40:00,440 --> 00:40:04,280 Speaker 1: was pushed down within the different tribes because they contacted 667 00:40:04,320 --> 00:40:07,759 Speaker 1: all sorts of different tribes from the Lakota Sioux up 668 00:40:07,800 --> 00:40:10,920 Speaker 1: in the north down to the Apaches in New Mexico 669 00:40:11,040 --> 00:40:15,279 Speaker 1: and Mexico. Um, yeah, teach us everyone. Yeah, well we'll 670 00:40:15,320 --> 00:40:18,040 Speaker 1: read them on listener mail. Uh. If you want to 671 00:40:18,120 --> 00:40:20,319 Speaker 1: know more about Buffalo soldiers, there's a lot of really 672 00:40:20,400 --> 00:40:23,320 Speaker 1: great stuff to read. Uh. And you can't really go 673 00:40:23,480 --> 00:40:26,200 Speaker 1: wrong with a guy named Frank Schubert who is a 674 00:40:26,520 --> 00:40:29,640 Speaker 1: scholar of them of Buffalo Soldiers, and he's got a 675 00:40:29,719 --> 00:40:31,480 Speaker 1: lot of articles on the web and I believe some 676 00:40:31,560 --> 00:40:34,879 Speaker 1: books too. Um. And since I said Frank Schubert, it's 677 00:40:34,960 --> 00:40:38,600 Speaker 1: time for listener mail. Oh no, it's not. Oh, that's right. 678 00:40:38,960 --> 00:40:41,400 Speaker 1: You know what it's time for hit him, Chuck. It 679 00:40:41,560 --> 00:40:51,680 Speaker 1: is time for administrative details. So we haven't done this 680 00:40:51,719 --> 00:40:52,960 Speaker 1: in a little while. If you're new to the show, 681 00:40:53,000 --> 00:40:56,080 Speaker 1: administrative details is where we take a couple of minutes. 682 00:40:56,120 --> 00:40:57,799 Speaker 1: We're gonna do this on this episode in the next 683 00:40:57,960 --> 00:41:00,840 Speaker 1: you got that straight to read out some thank yous. 684 00:41:01,040 --> 00:41:03,160 Speaker 1: Tell him Chuck for some of the kindnesses that people 685 00:41:03,200 --> 00:41:06,960 Speaker 1: throw our way, that's right, whether they be uh, physical 686 00:41:07,320 --> 00:41:13,440 Speaker 1: totems like T shirts and buttons and to confectioneries like 687 00:41:14,160 --> 00:41:18,040 Speaker 1: cookies and pastries and Jesus that what I did not 688 00:41:18,200 --> 00:41:20,040 Speaker 1: do on this one, and I feel bad because you 689 00:41:20,120 --> 00:41:23,040 Speaker 1: probably did is write down all the names of all 690 00:41:23,080 --> 00:41:26,160 Speaker 1: the postcards and letters I wrote down the ones that 691 00:41:26,280 --> 00:41:29,200 Speaker 1: I I. Yeah, I think I've got basically everybody, And 692 00:41:29,280 --> 00:41:33,439 Speaker 1: we should say we almost always miss somebody or a few. 693 00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:36,040 Speaker 1: So if we don't say your name and you have 694 00:41:36,200 --> 00:41:39,880 Speaker 1: not been thanked on a previous administrative detail, please get 695 00:41:39,920 --> 00:41:42,040 Speaker 1: in touch with us so we can correct that. That's right. 696 00:41:42,200 --> 00:41:44,120 Speaker 1: And if you have a letter or a postcard that 697 00:41:44,280 --> 00:41:46,880 Speaker 1: is on my desk, I'll include those in the next 698 00:41:46,920 --> 00:41:49,160 Speaker 1: batch because now I feel bad. Bam, All right, let's 699 00:41:49,200 --> 00:41:51,600 Speaker 1: go through these. Oh and there's also some people who 700 00:41:51,760 --> 00:41:54,120 Speaker 1: I don't have names for, but we do have the items, 701 00:41:54,120 --> 00:41:55,640 Speaker 1: so you can also write in and be like that 702 00:41:55,800 --> 00:41:58,520 Speaker 1: was me. That's right. For example, the very nice person 703 00:41:59,040 --> 00:42:02,000 Speaker 1: who gave us aman cookies and whiskey cake at our 704 00:42:02,280 --> 00:42:06,759 Speaker 1: Orlando show, our live show in Orlando. Don't remember or 705 00:42:06,840 --> 00:42:09,440 Speaker 1: don't have the name of who gave us that, but 706 00:42:09,680 --> 00:42:14,160 Speaker 1: thank you for him. Katie from Davis, California. Sinis some 707 00:42:14,719 --> 00:42:20,080 Speaker 1: cool little notebooks. They were little notebooks like um schemes 708 00:42:20,560 --> 00:42:22,480 Speaker 1: was like the title of one of them. We can 709 00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:25,279 Speaker 1: write schemes, band names, just sort of fun names on 710 00:42:25,320 --> 00:42:28,360 Speaker 1: the covers of these notebooks. Thanks a lot, huge, huge, 711 00:42:28,440 --> 00:42:31,440 Speaker 1: thanks as always to our good friends Hillary and michaelows 712 00:42:31,480 --> 00:42:35,080 Speaker 1: Are and they're good friends. The people at Flathead Like 713 00:42:35,360 --> 00:42:40,160 Speaker 1: Cheese for all the cheese. That's right. Flathead Like Cheese 714 00:42:40,200 --> 00:42:42,000 Speaker 1: is far and away my favorite cheese in the world. 715 00:42:42,080 --> 00:42:44,480 Speaker 1: It's good cheese. They make very good cheese. You guys 716 00:42:44,680 --> 00:42:47,279 Speaker 1: cannot go wrong. Just go get some Flathead Like cheese 717 00:42:47,320 --> 00:42:48,880 Speaker 1: and you'll love it. Yeah, a lot of the I 718 00:42:48,920 --> 00:42:51,400 Speaker 1: don't know if they specialize in Gouda, but we seem 719 00:42:51,440 --> 00:42:53,840 Speaker 1: to be on the Gouda mailing list. They make a 720 00:42:54,160 --> 00:42:56,560 Speaker 1: hopped gooda that is my favorite. Have you had it? 721 00:42:56,680 --> 00:42:59,680 Speaker 1: Oh yeah, Oh my gosh, it has hops in it. 722 00:43:00,000 --> 00:43:03,560 Speaker 1: It's like it's a beer, but it's cheese. Uh. And 723 00:43:03,640 --> 00:43:06,120 Speaker 1: while we're on the lows R's Hilary and Mike and 724 00:43:06,239 --> 00:43:09,480 Speaker 1: Coop Um. I just got this today. They sent us 725 00:43:10,040 --> 00:43:16,440 Speaker 1: Apron's word butcher an appropriate. So it's a knife going 726 00:43:16,520 --> 00:43:19,879 Speaker 1: into the lettering of a word butcher. Because I don't 727 00:43:19,880 --> 00:43:21,359 Speaker 1: know if you guys know this, but we are well 728 00:43:21,440 --> 00:43:27,319 Speaker 1: known to mispronounce everything to butcher words and you're going 729 00:43:27,360 --> 00:43:32,040 Speaker 1: to do that. So uh Smarty from France sent us 730 00:43:32,120 --> 00:43:36,840 Speaker 1: a tea card with some lady to Marmott's tea attached. 731 00:43:37,000 --> 00:43:40,759 Speaker 1: Thank you, Smarty. Jess Vow send us his game that 732 00:43:40,840 --> 00:43:46,040 Speaker 1: he designed, Philosophy The Game or better yet, Drunk Philosophy. 733 00:43:47,360 --> 00:43:50,920 Speaker 1: It's a great name. Katie Barnes from the Barns Made 734 00:43:51,200 --> 00:43:53,960 Speaker 1: Soap Company for the Wonderful Soap. All of them are 735 00:43:54,000 --> 00:43:56,840 Speaker 1: really good, but I strongly recommend the Autumn fig and 736 00:43:57,040 --> 00:44:01,239 Speaker 1: the Mariner Brian Barr good stuff. Oh, you can head 737 00:44:01,280 --> 00:44:04,360 Speaker 1: over to Barnes Made b A r n E S 738 00:44:04,600 --> 00:44:07,800 Speaker 1: M A d E dot com for some of Katie soaps. 739 00:44:08,320 --> 00:44:13,680 Speaker 1: Becky in France sent us planetary coasters that she made 740 00:44:13,719 --> 00:44:17,840 Speaker 1: in her studio is uh seafed studio dot com. That 741 00:44:17,960 --> 00:44:20,920 Speaker 1: is c E P h e I D studio dot 742 00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:24,720 Speaker 1: com if you want some planetary coasters. They are pretty 743 00:44:24,920 --> 00:44:29,960 Speaker 1: spacey and awesome. Kevin Reuter gave us Basil Hayden and 744 00:44:30,160 --> 00:44:32,360 Speaker 1: bullet rye you remember that at our show at the 745 00:44:32,400 --> 00:44:36,319 Speaker 1: Bellhouse and even wrapped them up as Christmas presents. It's right, 746 00:44:36,600 --> 00:44:39,839 Speaker 1: which is just lovely. Thanks a lot, Kevin and funny enough. 747 00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:42,600 Speaker 1: At the show, somebody asked us like, what are what 748 00:44:43,200 --> 00:44:45,320 Speaker 1: like drink we would want to have on a desert 749 00:44:45,360 --> 00:44:47,440 Speaker 1: island if we could only have one, and both of 750 00:44:47,560 --> 00:44:49,640 Speaker 1: us were saying jin drinks, and he was like, well, 751 00:44:49,680 --> 00:44:53,839 Speaker 1: I guess I guessed wrong with the basil. Haydoulle's like, no, dude, 752 00:44:54,000 --> 00:44:57,880 Speaker 1: you you nailed it all inclusive. Our buddy van Nostri 753 00:44:57,920 --> 00:44:59,360 Speaker 1: and I feel like he sent us more than this, 754 00:44:59,600 --> 00:45:01,960 Speaker 1: So if you something else, let us know. We just 755 00:45:02,200 --> 00:45:05,400 Speaker 1: hung out with him and his wonderful wife, Leah Uh 756 00:45:05,520 --> 00:45:07,880 Speaker 1: in Seattle. They sent us. He sent us some records, 757 00:45:08,040 --> 00:45:13,120 Speaker 1: some awesome record Smurfs, Disco Duck, Lawrence Welkin, Uh, John Denver, 758 00:45:13,520 --> 00:45:16,359 Speaker 1: the John Denver Muppets, Christmas and you know what, um 759 00:45:16,800 --> 00:45:20,319 Speaker 1: Van Nostrin gave us books before, and one of them 760 00:45:20,440 --> 00:45:23,919 Speaker 1: was about Oh, I can't say yeah because that because 761 00:45:23,920 --> 00:45:25,640 Speaker 1: the live show is not out. But he gave us 762 00:45:25,640 --> 00:45:28,840 Speaker 1: a book about the live show years ago and I 763 00:45:29,000 --> 00:45:31,600 Speaker 1: never got around to reading him. They reminded me after 764 00:45:31,680 --> 00:45:33,560 Speaker 1: the show, They're like, you know that we send you 765 00:45:33,680 --> 00:45:36,799 Speaker 1: that book. Your dummy said, I'll have to read it now. 766 00:45:37,600 --> 00:45:40,320 Speaker 1: Will and Katie lin Lee send us coffee from Coffee 767 00:45:40,320 --> 00:45:44,960 Speaker 1: by Design, So nice dee lish Uh, let's see. Nicole Collins, 768 00:45:45,800 --> 00:45:49,359 Speaker 1: d O dr Osteopathy sent us a copy of her 769 00:45:49,440 --> 00:45:54,040 Speaker 1: book Insight, which is on vision like real vision and 770 00:45:54,160 --> 00:45:57,560 Speaker 1: the miracle that is vision. So check it out, Insight, 771 00:45:58,920 --> 00:46:04,160 Speaker 1: Doctor of Metal. I was I was delivered by a 772 00:46:04,280 --> 00:46:07,160 Speaker 1: dal and one of the things they do is they 773 00:46:07,680 --> 00:46:10,680 Speaker 1: adjust you like your baby, and they adjust you like 774 00:46:10,760 --> 00:46:14,200 Speaker 1: a chiropractor when you're born. I was born breach, so 775 00:46:14,360 --> 00:46:18,600 Speaker 1: the deo adjusted me in reverse order. Apparently everyone delivery 776 00:46:18,680 --> 00:46:21,520 Speaker 1: room game a golf clap afterward, and you waved your hands. 777 00:46:21,719 --> 00:46:23,880 Speaker 1: Thank you every much. Yeah, thank you. I have a 778 00:46:23,920 --> 00:46:30,200 Speaker 1: taste for this applause. Uh. Indigo Proof from Portland's Uh 779 00:46:30,360 --> 00:46:34,920 Speaker 1: sent me a gift certificate for one free dinnom repair 780 00:46:35,160 --> 00:46:38,440 Speaker 1: NI because I complained about my Levi's blowing out, so 781 00:46:38,560 --> 00:46:40,520 Speaker 1: they said, send me those jeans and we'll fix them 782 00:46:40,560 --> 00:46:44,160 Speaker 1: for you. It's Indigo Proof in worlds. Did they fix 783 00:46:44,280 --> 00:46:48,799 Speaker 1: Jens Portland organ? Uh? That is a gene fix in town. 784 00:46:49,719 --> 00:46:53,800 Speaker 1: I've got a super old one from not this past October, 785 00:46:54,320 --> 00:46:57,680 Speaker 1: but the October before last. Chuck. Wow, do you remember 786 00:46:57,880 --> 00:47:01,319 Speaker 1: Kathy with a kay Tosh and believe our Phoenix show 787 00:47:01,800 --> 00:47:03,839 Speaker 1: or Salt Lake City Show, one of the two we're 788 00:47:03,840 --> 00:47:09,000 Speaker 1: talking about, gave us lasso, real live lass, rope and rope, 789 00:47:09,120 --> 00:47:10,920 Speaker 1: and she said, go on to YouTube and learn how 790 00:47:10,960 --> 00:47:13,239 Speaker 1: to lasso. Now. Yeah, and I have yet to do that, 791 00:47:13,360 --> 00:47:15,200 Speaker 1: but I still have my lasso, So thanks a lot, 792 00:47:15,360 --> 00:47:18,040 Speaker 1: Kathy too. Yeah it's not only cool too, because I 793 00:47:18,080 --> 00:47:20,200 Speaker 1: will try and learn that one day, but it looks 794 00:47:20,239 --> 00:47:22,239 Speaker 1: cool hanging on the wall for sure, you know. And 795 00:47:22,320 --> 00:47:25,040 Speaker 1: also I think Kathy is a postal worker, so hopefully 796 00:47:25,200 --> 00:47:29,200 Speaker 1: she dug our our going postal episode. I haven't heard 797 00:47:29,280 --> 00:47:31,600 Speaker 1: from her, that's right. Email is Kathy and let us 798 00:47:31,680 --> 00:47:33,960 Speaker 1: know how we did the correction to read. But I'm 799 00:47:34,000 --> 00:47:36,160 Speaker 1: just wait for a listener mail for that one. Oh yeah, 800 00:47:36,320 --> 00:47:38,680 Speaker 1: that was that was me? That was my bad? Was 801 00:47:38,719 --> 00:47:40,920 Speaker 1: it just you? I think so somebody else made it 802 00:47:40,960 --> 00:47:44,160 Speaker 1: seem like it was meant Um, how many more should 803 00:47:44,200 --> 00:47:46,920 Speaker 1: we do for this one? Listen to do three more? Okay? 804 00:47:47,160 --> 00:47:51,160 Speaker 1: Anna Parker she is a painter and muralist who did 805 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:54,840 Speaker 1: this lovely painting of uh my three dogs, two of 806 00:47:54,920 --> 00:47:58,680 Speaker 1: which are now dearly departed. But it's very very sweet 807 00:47:59,120 --> 00:48:02,680 Speaker 1: and speaking of which you can find those her work 808 00:48:02,800 --> 00:48:08,040 Speaker 1: at sweet ta Murals dot com. Oh yes, very nice. Uh, 809 00:48:08,160 --> 00:48:12,520 Speaker 1: let's see um, Lance Roper, who's my boy from Toledo, 810 00:48:13,280 --> 00:48:16,480 Speaker 1: who is from Actual Coffee and Toledo sent me some 811 00:48:16,640 --> 00:48:20,840 Speaker 1: really good coffee, so check out Actual Coffee Intellectual Coffee. 812 00:48:21,800 --> 00:48:24,560 Speaker 1: Betty epper Lesen a Svoodoo dolls of us. Oh, I 813 00:48:24,640 --> 00:48:26,520 Speaker 1: want to know who made that? Those are so cool. 814 00:48:26,680 --> 00:48:32,200 Speaker 1: They're like really cute and they're laden with little Easter 815 00:48:32,280 --> 00:48:35,160 Speaker 1: eggs like I'm holding all kinds of crazy things that 816 00:48:35,239 --> 00:48:38,759 Speaker 1: all relate to shows. I'm holding a magic mushroom. Really yeah, 817 00:48:38,840 --> 00:48:41,839 Speaker 1: well that's from a show. But they had no pins, 818 00:48:41,920 --> 00:48:45,120 Speaker 1: we should point out, so they weren't voodoo dolls that 819 00:48:45,200 --> 00:48:48,719 Speaker 1: were out to harm us. Her son Josh introduced her 820 00:48:48,840 --> 00:48:53,200 Speaker 1: to the show and her husband. Thanks Betty momos riding 821 00:48:53,280 --> 00:48:57,359 Speaker 1: my foot online too. Really yeah, that's very cute. Let's 822 00:48:57,360 --> 00:49:02,320 Speaker 1: see um the wooden egg and special egg coasters s 823 00:49:02,440 --> 00:49:05,520 Speaker 1: y s K egg coasters from the very kind people 824 00:49:05,600 --> 00:49:08,200 Speaker 1: at good egg World. Yeah yeah, all right, I got 825 00:49:08,280 --> 00:49:11,400 Speaker 1: one more for this a dish Adam Peterson. This was 826 00:49:11,480 --> 00:49:13,840 Speaker 1: a really cool gift. He sent us two bottles of 827 00:49:13,920 --> 00:49:18,120 Speaker 1: Coca Cola from the very last run of return herble 828 00:49:18,120 --> 00:49:21,680 Speaker 1: bottles that Coca Cola ever did. Uh. They were small 829 00:49:21,840 --> 00:49:26,600 Speaker 1: family run bottler in Winona, Minnesota, and he said his 830 00:49:26,680 --> 00:49:29,480 Speaker 1: in laws had run it since two So these were 831 00:49:29,520 --> 00:49:32,000 Speaker 1: the last run of returnables that came off the line. 832 00:49:32,400 --> 00:49:35,200 Speaker 1: And they're even stamped with their little family bottler name 833 00:49:35,200 --> 00:49:38,600 Speaker 1: and everything. Oh that's really very cool. Uh all right, 834 00:49:38,719 --> 00:49:42,000 Speaker 1: last one, this one came from the Toronto show guy 835 00:49:42,080 --> 00:49:46,279 Speaker 1: named Phil Bowen gave us each a prosthetic eye. Oh man, 836 00:49:46,480 --> 00:49:48,160 Speaker 1: that's one of the best ever, one of the best 837 00:49:48,239 --> 00:49:51,040 Speaker 1: gifts either one of us has ever got. So cool. 838 00:49:51,120 --> 00:49:53,520 Speaker 1: So thanks a lot for our prosthetic eyes. Phil. We 839 00:49:53,640 --> 00:49:55,319 Speaker 1: still have them. I think it's a picture of us 840 00:49:55,400 --> 00:49:59,320 Speaker 1: wearing them too. Yeah, okay. Uh. If you want to 841 00:49:59,360 --> 00:50:01,160 Speaker 1: get in touch with us, just to say hi or 842 00:50:01,200 --> 00:50:03,200 Speaker 1: to send us something, it doesn't matter. You can go 843 00:50:03,280 --> 00:50:05,279 Speaker 1: onto stuff you should Know dot com and follow our 844 00:50:05,400 --> 00:50:08,120 Speaker 1: social links there I think, and uh, as always, you 845 00:50:08,200 --> 00:50:10,400 Speaker 1: can send us an email, wrap it up, spank it 846 00:50:10,480 --> 00:50:13,239 Speaker 1: on the bottom, and send it off to stuff Podcasts 847 00:50:13,280 --> 00:50:18,759 Speaker 1: at iHeart Radio dot Stuff you Should Know is a 848 00:50:18,800 --> 00:50:21,840 Speaker 1: production of iHeart Radios. How Stuff Works For more podcasts 849 00:50:21,920 --> 00:50:24,759 Speaker 1: for my Heart radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple podcasts, 850 00:50:24,840 --> 00:50:26,520 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.