Speaker 1: Pushkin.
Speaker 2: Hello, Tim Harford here briefly stepping aside from my usual
Speaker 2: role of documenting failures of the past to point you
Speaker 2: towards someone who's uncovering spectacular failures as they happen. Her
Speaker 2: name is Amy Westervelt, and her show is called Drilled.
Speaker 2: It's an investigative podcast about climate change, not the science
Speaker 2: of it, but the politics and the money and the spin.
Speaker 2: This season, Carbon Cowboys follows a new type of clean
Speaker 2: energy project in Brazil, one that promises to turn the
Speaker 2: country into quote the Saudi Arabia of sustainable aviation fuels.
Speaker 2: What could possibly go wrong? It's the kind of story
Speaker 2: caution me tales. Listeners will recognize powerful people, the compelling vision,
Speaker 2: some uncomfortable questions looking just beneath the surface. Enjoy the episode,
Speaker 2: and if you want to hear more, find Drilled wherever
Speaker 2: you get your podcasts, and hear episodes early and ad
Speaker 2: free with Pushkin Plus. Available on Drilled's Apple podcast show
Speaker 2: page or pushkin dot fm, slash plus.
Speaker 3: In early September twenty twenty five, a handful of Brazilian
Speaker 3: government officials headed to North Dakota on a mission. It
Speaker 3: was a technical mission. They were there to see a
Speaker 3: shiny new green technology in action. The idea behind this
Speaker 3: new technology was simple. When you turn corn into ethanol,
Speaker 3: it generates carbon dioxide, and that's a problem if you're
Speaker 3: trying to be a green fuel. But now people from
Speaker 3: Iowa to North Dakota were capturing that carbon dioxide, storing
Speaker 3: it and selling it. Never mind that they were selling
Speaker 3: it to people who would inject it underground to get
Speaker 3: more oil out. Some of it would surely still stay underground.
Speaker 3: And if you tilted your head and squinted a bit,
Speaker 3: that made it a climate solution. The American company selling
Speaker 3: the Brazilians on this idea had a lot writing on
Speaker 3: these officials, believing that carbon capture connected to ethanol was
Speaker 3: a great green success story, win win for industry in
Speaker 3: the environment, an American dream they could take home to Brazil.
Speaker 3: But had the visiting bureaucrats scanned the local newspapers, they
Speaker 3: might have found a different story.
Speaker 4: If you live in Iowa, your land, your water, and your.
Speaker 5: Voice could all be at risk thanks to a man
Speaker 5: named Bruce Rastetter.
Speaker 4: You know, essentially paying him to capture CO two at
Speaker 4: ethanol plants and then shipping it across private land and
Speaker 4: public land and then disposing of it somewhere many states away.
Speaker 3: On September second, the Brazilian contingent met with an Iowa
Speaker 3: company called Summit Carbon Solutions. Summit has been trying for
Speaker 3: years to build a carbon capture pipeline to connect dozens
Speaker 3: of ethanol plands from Iowa to North Dakota. It's called
Speaker 3: the Midwest Carbon Express Project. Harold Ham, who controls many
Speaker 3: of North Dakota's oil fields and is an energy advisor
Speaker 3: to President Trump, is a major investor in the company.
Speaker 3: Bruce Rastetter is the company's co founder. He's also a
Speaker 3: founder and executive chairman of its parent company, Summit Agricultural Group.
Speaker 3: For other cheerleading of the project to visitors, the Summit
Speaker 3: pipeline is years behind schedule and facing multiple political and
Speaker 3: legal roadblocks. In fact, it's man to do almost no politician,
Speaker 3: issue or campaign has been able to do in the
Speaker 3: US for years. United far left and far right populous
Speaker 3: people from both sides hate this pipeline. For Rest Utter,
Speaker 3: it's not the first time he's faced opposition, especially in
Speaker 3: his home state of Iowa.
Speaker 6: Anyone who remotely follows politics or agriculture, you say raft
Speaker 6: Stetter you're going to get a response.
Speaker 3: Jess Mazur is the conservation coordinator for the Sierra Club Iowa.
Speaker 3: For Jess, the carbon pipeline was not the first time
Speaker 3: she'd dealt with Bruce Rastutter.
Speaker 6: They know who it is, and they go, oh, you
Speaker 6: know that guy did this, So that guy put a
Speaker 6: factory farm near my house, or he's the one that
Speaker 6: you know, got Iowa State in trouble. So I think
Speaker 6: everyone's got an opinion of him, and he's really really
Speaker 6: good at being able to avoid ever having to be
Speaker 6: in the public. He doesn't get interviewed, he doesn't take
Speaker 6: media requests.
Speaker 3: Kind of secret if.
Speaker 6: He lives out in the middle of nowhere in Hardin County, Iowa.
Speaker 3: Rastutter got his start as a big hog farmer. From there.
Speaker 3: It wasn't a big leap to growing corn, and then,
Speaker 3: like a lot of corn growers, that led quickly to
Speaker 3: getting into the corn ethanol business. As a longtime climate reporter,
Speaker 3: I keep waiting for people to stop calling corn ethanol green.
Speaker 3: Its carton footprint is similar to regular gas. It requires
Speaker 3: around thirty times as much land as solar, plus lots
Speaker 3: of water and chemical pesticides and fertilizers, but industrial agriculture
Speaker 3: gets loads of subsidies from it, so they're always finding
Speaker 3: a way to keep it alive. And in twenty twenty two,
Speaker 3: Congress handed it its latest lifeline.
Speaker 7: The Inflation Reduction Act contains some really incredible things for
Speaker 7: our shareholders. It contains sustainable aviation fuel.
Speaker 8: We think that's an.
Speaker 7: Incredible part of the carbonizing the planet.
Speaker 3: The Infletion Reduction Act, Biden's big climate policy, created a
Speaker 3: whole new revenue stream for the corn ethmol guys. Now
Speaker 3: they could sell to airlines, but only if they embraced
Speaker 3: carbon capture. Bruce Restetter to the rescue, so.
Speaker 9: I think without continuing to attain new markets, the ethanol
Speaker 9: industries in jeopardy. So that's what lowering carbon scores. This
Speaker 9: project on the pipeline is about, with thirty four ethanol
Speaker 9: plants across the Upper Midwest, but in particular.
Speaker 3: Iowa Summit Carbon Solutions still talks about the project today
Speaker 3: as a way to open up new markets for Iowa
Speaker 3: corn farmers. So the company was caught off guard when
Speaker 3: people across multiple states began organizing against the Midwest Carbon
Speaker 3: Express and it quickly became a big problem because Restetter
Speaker 3: was not just the ethanol kingpin of his company, was
Speaker 3: also the majority owner of a Brazilian ag company FS
Speaker 3: Fueling Sustainability, and he'd helped to make corn ethanol a
Speaker 3: thing in Brazil too. Now some it is trying to
Speaker 3: make carbon capture happen there too. Welcome to Drilled Season fifteen,
Speaker 3: Carbon Cowboys. I'm Amy Westervelt and this season we've partnered
Speaker 3: with the amazing reporters of the Intercept Brazil to learn
Speaker 3: more about what Rasstutter is doing down there.
Speaker 8: I'm Filippe Sabrina with the Interceptor Brazil. I will be
Speaker 8: hosting the Portuguese version of the season over on the
Speaker 8: Intercept to Brazil Feed. This is a story about how
Speaker 8: the ethanol kingpin of Iowa became the king of corn
Speaker 8: in Brazil and.
Speaker 3: How a bunch of ideas that are great for the
Speaker 3: oil and EG industries got rebranded as climate solutions and
Speaker 3: created a carbon gold rush.
Speaker 8: Think Magannin as a gun Chi, think poru you can siders.
Speaker 3: A few months ago, Philippe started telling me about this
Speaker 3: giant pig statue that greets people near Bruce Rastutter's home
Speaker 3: base in Brazil. Because yes, his partners in Brazil also
Speaker 3: started out as pig farmers. These guys are all still
Speaker 3: on the pig business, and boy do they love pigs.
Speaker 3: When Philippe sent me a picture of this pig statue,
Speaker 3: I was kind of shook. If you're imagining some sort
Speaker 3: of tasteful bronze statue, think again. This is a massive,
Speaker 3: orky pig looking thing wearing laterhosen and a bright green
Speaker 3: hat holding a corn cob.
Speaker 8: And it even has a name Lukeinya or Little Lucas
Speaker 8: because the town is called Lucas do hill Viji. It
Speaker 8: tells you actually a lot about this place. It was
Speaker 8: proposed by one of the largest landowners in the area,
Speaker 8: big agriculture business guy. He comes from a German family,
Speaker 8: which is why the pig is wearing German outfit. Around
Speaker 8: fifty years ago, the Brazilian agriculture industry came to this
Speaker 8: place looking for a cheap and easy land grab. Today,
Speaker 8: the American agriculture industry is doing the same thing.
Speaker 3: Vusista in Lucas dou virgi asiddajijiu portunidajis aki ajira soujin
Speaker 3: pri guzia quali dan did you leave the same kotre.
Speaker 3: This audio you're listening to with the epic background music
Speaker 3: is from a promotional video by the Lucas Dorio Verge
Speaker 3: city government highlighting the wonders of the city. The video
Speaker 3: mixes imagism, macause forests and the sunset and large cotton,
Speaker 3: soybean and cornfields. The city government wants you to know
Speaker 3: that Lucas is the city of opportunities. It has more
Speaker 3: than ninety five thousand inhabitants and produces more than two
Speaker 3: million tons of green per year. The narrator of the
Speaker 3: video says, we are one of the fastest growing cities
Speaker 3: in Brazil, and then the screen fills with a mix
Speaker 3: of smiling children, crops and green pouring out of machines.
Speaker 3: Lucas to Rio Verge is all money, growth and seas
Speaker 3: of corn and soybeans as far as the eye can see.
Speaker 8: The first time I visited, it shocked me to see
Speaker 8: massive crops right next to people's homes. But the more
Speaker 8: I learned about Lucas, the more it made sense. The
Speaker 8: town is a fiction designed and built by the government
Speaker 8: to impose development on this region. Lucas was entirely created
Speaker 8: to serve agriculture and its owners. The wide avenues are
Speaker 8: lined with silos, agricultural machinery, stores, supply stores, credit banks,
Speaker 8: and real estate agencies. Trucks over twenty meters long, loaded
Speaker 8: with soybeans or corn have plenty of space to drive
Speaker 8: around or park on the curb. Walking in Lucas, on
Speaker 8: the other hand, is a challenge because of the distances
Speaker 8: between the long avenues, the heat, and the lack of
Speaker 8: trees to provide shade. The city is obsessed with imperial
Speaker 8: palm trees. There are hundreds of them in the town
Speaker 8: center and on the sides of the roads. With nothing
Speaker 8: but monoculture crops and important palm trees, there is no
Speaker 8: vegetation in the area to insulate it from extreme temperature changes.
Speaker 8: Lucas can go from freezing cold to unbelievably hot from
Speaker 8: one moment to the next. It was weird for me,
Speaker 8: but the people I spoke with here didn't seem to mind.
Speaker 8: The image of abundant harvests has drawn people from all
Speaker 8: over the country to Lucas, all right, So.
Speaker 10: Yeah, yeah, I think My husband was unemployed for two years.
Speaker 10: Then we saw reports about the city, which is a
Speaker 10: very good place to leave to raise children, even in
Speaker 10: terms of violence, so we packed all backs.
Speaker 3: Isabella is from minaster Ice, a Brazilian state southeast of Lucas,
Speaker 3: but since twenty twenty one she's been living here with
Speaker 3: her husband and children. She sells Asai e bowls in
Speaker 3: front of the parking lot of a multi national grain company.
Speaker 3: Asai is a fruit typical of the Amazon. Isabella buys
Speaker 3: it from suppliers and sells it to truck drivers who
Speaker 3: load and unload grain.
Speaker 7: Here.
Speaker 3: She passes small bowls of asai cream through the fence
Speaker 3: and the truckers pass back cash. Isabella said Lucas is great,
Speaker 3: not least because when she needs to take her kids
Speaker 3: to a public hospital, she never waits more than an
Speaker 3: hour to be seen.
Speaker 10: Me in the city, I don't think anyone can complain
Speaker 10: about health care.
Speaker 3: She says that Lucas, the rio Verge hospital saw Lucas
Speaker 3: in particular, is especially nice. It's run today by a
Speaker 3: partnership between the city and agribusiness entrepreneurs.
Speaker 10: Now they've opened a really nice word that to the
Speaker 10: ome hospital has been renovated.
Speaker 1: Apart, I supposed Lucas Pontaka at Central Materni for Chu,
Speaker 1: who is passed by properson Resistencia Judus.
Speaker 3: In fact, the new maternity ward at the saw Lucas
Speaker 3: Hospital has a promotional video too, and a few seconds
Speaker 3: into it, listeners might recognize a not so Brazilian sounding name.
Speaker 5: North American Bruce Hast.
Speaker 3: Bruce Rasttter, the ethanol kingpin of Iowa. He wields a
Speaker 3: lot of power there, but outside the state, he's not
Speaker 3: exactly a household name. Now, suddenly a new wing in
Speaker 3: the hospital in this Brazilian farm town was being named
Speaker 3: after this guy. How did that happen?
Speaker 8: In the hospital canceled my tour just before I arrived,
Speaker 8: so our producer Marca Hever does and I just showed
Speaker 8: up to see what we could see. We talked to
Speaker 8: a hospital worker in the hallway.
Speaker 3: It's a little hard to hear there because Philippe and
Speaker 3: Marcia were trying to tape with their phone, and of
Speaker 3: course she's speaking in Portuguese too, But when they asked
Speaker 3: her about the name of the ward, the Bruce rast
Speaker 3: at her wing, she said it was named after Bruce,
Speaker 3: a doctor from Ohio. We're still not sure where she
Speaker 3: got that idea, but funding big public projects, especially around
Speaker 3: hospitals and healthcare, is really common in Brazil. You just
Speaker 3: heard how when telling Philippe about what she likes about Lucas,
Speaker 3: Isabella mentioned healthcare. People think of hospitals as an example
Speaker 3: of how nice a city is or how well it's working.
Speaker 3: So if Lucas has a good hospital, no one can
Speaker 3: say that the politicians or the businessmen running things here
Speaker 3: are bad. That goes double for anything that's focused on
Speaker 3: women and children. So a maternity ward checks a lot
Speaker 3: of boxes. And then we found out that the hospital
Speaker 3: is run by a foundation led by one of Rasstutter's
Speaker 3: Brazilian business partners, Marino Franz. Marino's brother Paulo was the
Speaker 3: one that proposed that giant pig statue that looks out
Speaker 3: over Lucas. And to understand how Rastutter, the American farmer,
Speaker 3: ended up with a Brazilian rural maternity ward named after him,
Speaker 3: we had to figure out how the Franz brothers fit
Speaker 3: into it, and what brought Bruce to Brazil in the
Speaker 3: first place. That's gonna yet after the break. Lucas de
Speaker 3: Rio Verde is in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso,
Speaker 3: a state that is almost exactly half agriculture and half
Speaker 3: Amazon rainforest, it used to be even more Amazon. For decades,
Speaker 3: the state was considered the frontier in Brazil. The forests
Speaker 3: were preserved and it was home to even more indigenous
Speaker 3: people than it is today. But in the nineteen sixties
Speaker 3: and nineteen seventies, Brazil's military government deployed a new strategy
Speaker 3: was called the National Integration Plan. The idea was to
Speaker 3: eliminate indigenous communities that were seen as anti development and
Speaker 3: integrate the north and midwest of Brazil into the national
Speaker 3: economy level. Jega seldom sada Arrigitomba is grab you right,
Speaker 3: Staudia plenty s antitas people on that level of community.
Speaker 3: This propaganda film from the seventies celebrates the quote revolution
Speaker 3: reaching the jungle, toppling trees in favor of roads. The
Speaker 3: goal was to develop the Amazon by building infrastructure in
Speaker 3: the wilderness, displacing indigenous residents, and encouraging people from outside
Speaker 3: the region to move there, to be pioneers and go
Speaker 3: to this frontier and tainment. The main farm towns in
Speaker 3: Monto Grosso today were deliberate colonization projects, many of them
Speaker 3: built and funded by the Brazilian government. The government offered
Speaker 3: people plots of land housing and sometimes even credit to
Speaker 3: move there. They even funded research to figure out how
Speaker 3: crops like soybeans and cotton could be grown in the
Speaker 3: tropical climate there. That's what brought the Franz brothers there
Speaker 3: decades ago. And according to Paolo, it's the Franz brothers
Speaker 3: who brought Bruce to the area. In follows telling it
Speaker 3: all happened because of an internship he did in Iowa
Speaker 3: and an important contact he made there. Here he is
Speaker 3: talking about it on a Brazilian podcast.
Speaker 10: Borjum end norm senor to Terry.
Speaker 3: Branstead Terry Brandstad, the governor of Iowa at the time
Speaker 3: and eventually US Ambassador to China during Trump's first presidency.
Speaker 3: Pallas says they all went to soccer games together a lot.
Speaker 3: Pallis it was Brandstad who introduced him to Bruce Rastetter.
Speaker 8: Bruce Keo, CEO of the Empires and Fundador.
Speaker 11: Bruce is the CEO of the company the founder. He
Speaker 11: has a huge passion for pigs and has been involved
Speaker 11: with pigs his whole life. He was a pig farmer
Speaker 11: until he started getting into ethanol, which is a very
Speaker 11: recent thing. I don't know whether just to clarify Americans
Speaker 11: produce more ethanol from corn than we do from sugarcane.
Speaker 11: There the philosophy, the culture is producing ethanol from corn.
Speaker 11: So as President I met with is Terry Branstad, who
Speaker 11: was the governor of Iowa. We met and he wanted
Speaker 11: to buy some land here in Brazil.
Speaker 3: Bruce doesn't mention any of this when he's asked about
Speaker 3: how he wound up in Brazil. Here's how we talked
Speaker 3: about it on a farming podcast a couple of years ago.
Speaker 8: So when we sold Hawkeye to Coke Industries.
Speaker 3: That was one of his ethanol companies.
Speaker 9: That freed me up for the first time to do
Speaker 9: other things outside of being responsible for a larger company,
Speaker 9: and started traveling to Brazil.
Speaker 8: This is how.
Speaker 3: Bruce talks about it in other interviews too. He was
Speaker 3: interested in Brazil because it's the main agricultural competitor to
Speaker 3: the US, or because other US companies had done well there,
Speaker 3: et cetera, et cetera. It was when we were trying
Speaker 3: to verify Bruce and Paolo's differing versions of this story
Speaker 3: that our brazil editor, Alisi Desusa, found a guy with
Speaker 3: yet another version.
Speaker 1: Is this prooss and all are you three? Acres. Are
Speaker 1: you looking at this from a nakedness standpoint or are
Speaker 1: you you're looking at it from a neutral standpoint. I
Speaker 1: don't mind being neutral. I can be critical of this too, Yeah,
Speaker 1: but i'm because clients of mine have invested in offers
Speaker 1: of a billion dollars now in marpro Grosso. I don't
Speaker 1: want to fuck this up.
Speaker 3: That's Corey Melby, an agriculture consultant in Brazil.
Speaker 1: I came from Northwest Minnesota, developing land. So of course
Speaker 1: when in the early two thousands, when Mapa Grosso and
Speaker 1: all of this Siebian expansion was taking place, I was
Speaker 1: going to be the lamb guy for a group from
Speaker 1: some of the first guys I went down with, you're
Speaker 1: going to be here, Corey, pick up the language, bick
Speaker 1: up the contacts.
Speaker 9: You could be the real estate guy.
Speaker 1: So that's where I started, was from that perspective.
Speaker 8: Full disclosure.
Speaker 3: We paid Corey Melby to be a fixer for us
Speaker 3: on the ground in Manto Grosso. The idea was that
Speaker 3: he would take us around and ideally arrange a meeting
Speaker 3: with the brothers Franz at their farmended up panning out,
Speaker 3: but he did talk to Philippi and I, and he
Speaker 3: told us a lot about how Bruce started out in Brazil.
Speaker 3: He also added me to his newsletter list, which is
Speaker 3: a wealth of acknowledge about Brazil. Although it comes out
Speaker 3: so many times a week, I still have about five
Speaker 3: hundred unread emails in a folder marked Corey.
Speaker 1: So I've been on every firement by Grosso. I wrote
Speaker 1: the Boom Times and the bus, and the Boom Times
Speaker 1: and the Bus again with all my friends. So you know,
Speaker 1: I have that twenty five year art of experience now
Speaker 1: of the good, bad and ugly of micro Grosso, and
Speaker 1: believe me, there's plenty of all of it.
Speaker 3: He knows a lot about Bruce and the Frownz brothers
Speaker 3: because he did for Bruce what he's done for the
Speaker 3: past twenty five years for other Americans looking to get
Speaker 3: into the agg business. In Monte Grosso. He toured them
Speaker 3: around looking for land.
Speaker 1: Back in twenty eleven, I was visiting before you but
Speaker 1: and he was a young, dynamic guy, and he would say, Cory,
Speaker 1: we'll we're looking to develop a corn oil mill processing
Speaker 1: and investors or a partner in that.
Speaker 9: Corn oil.
Speaker 1: So I was writing about this BS and my newsletters
Speaker 1: at the time and also visiting him Lucas Deomerday at
Speaker 1: the elevators at the time, doctor to Climber's. Oh, cor
Speaker 1: we got to get corn ethanol or we're going to
Speaker 1: purry ourselves.
Speaker 3: Because of his newsletter and his ties to various American
Speaker 3: agg folks, Corey has kind of become known as the
Speaker 3: guy to call if you're an American who wants to
Speaker 3: get a sense of Manto grosso. So when people started
Speaker 3: talking about corn ethanol there, it was only a matter
Speaker 3: of time before he got a call from you know who, Summit.
Speaker 1: From Iowa, which I'm sure you are very familiar with,
Speaker 1: Bruce rest letter and Eric then.
Speaker 5: The whole club.
Speaker 1: I get all from Bruce's email. Hey, we were like
Speaker 1: a tour of man Cross. Uh, we're going to be
Speaker 1: down there for another reason. Could could we do something?
Speaker 9: Call up cart with you.
Speaker 3: They didn't want to take one of Corey's prepackaged ad tours.
Speaker 1: Okay, so this is twenty eleven. We do a little
Speaker 1: quick power to here they go home. I figured out
Speaker 1: just another tour. Uh, we're looking at land. We love
Speaker 1: to get going on.
Speaker 3: Corey carried on thinking nothing of it, but six months
Speaker 3: or so later he got a call from some friends
Speaker 3: in Manto.
Speaker 8: Crussol my good friend.
Speaker 1: The friends is you know, they were Cory. We we
Speaker 1: want to get an earthenhol now went out here, but
Speaker 1: we needed help. We need American, we need capital.
Speaker 9: So I was telling.
Speaker 1: Bruce and the guys, you know, I've got friends. I'm
Speaker 1: thinking at guys.
Speaker 3: According to Corey, at the time, Bruce and the guys
Speaker 3: weren't quite ready to get into the ethanol business in Brazil.
Speaker 3: They were just looking for some farmland. Then they came
Speaker 3: back for another trip, and as Corey tells it, this
Speaker 3: is when they met the Franzis all all of.
Speaker 9: A sudden, we've got a farm for sale.
Speaker 3: Corey helped broker the deal between Bruce and the Franzas,
Speaker 3: and it kept them all talking.
Speaker 9: Three years on this down farm.
Speaker 1: But that farm for just then opened the door with
Speaker 1: dressed and capable Hey, let's let's build an ethano though
Speaker 1: and lucas together.
Speaker 3: The Franz brothers had hit the big time. They were
Speaker 3: getting into business with the ethanol kingpin of Iowa. It
Speaker 3: was a whole new level. Whereas Corey calls it, cycle three.
Speaker 1: Cycle one is deforestation in cattle. Cycle two is song
Speaker 1: cycle two.
Speaker 9: Point five is so corn.
Speaker 1: Basically the combination CYCLEEL three now gets to be what
Speaker 1: we would say industrial or added value different than Iowa.
Speaker 3: For the Franz Brothers, Bruce was a white whale at
Speaker 3: a time of booming Brazilian industrial agriculture. He happened to
Speaker 3: have some free time on his hands, and now this
Speaker 3: international king of corn had picked them.
Speaker 8: What luck.
Speaker 3: But that story misses one important detail. At the time
Speaker 3: he was doing land tours in Brazil, Bruce Rastutter was
Speaker 3: having a really bad time back home in Iowa.
Speaker 6: Since twenty twelve, since that big land grab attempt in Africa,
Speaker 6: he has become a dirty word in Iowa.
Speaker 9: It's just that's what he does.
Speaker 5: It's like his business model, you know.
Speaker 4: And whether it was in Iowa with you know, how
Speaker 4: he was treating Iowa.
Speaker 3: Farmers or now it's globally.
Speaker 11: Yeah, he just keeps pushing his business advancement, right, I
Speaker 11: saw about his corporate profits.
Speaker 5: Friends of friends have said that he's kind of over
Speaker 5: Iowa and more interested in Brazil, which I mean, I
Speaker 5: suppose if I was in issues, if I had the
Speaker 5: choice of, you know, being at a place where everybody hated
Speaker 5: me in a place where people fond over me, I'd
Speaker 5: probably go to the people fond over me.
Speaker 3: That's our story. Next time. We reached out to Bruce Rastetter,
Speaker 3: Harold Hamm, the Frownz Brothers, Miguel Das Ribero, and all
Speaker 3: Summit companies and Brazilian government agencies mentioned in this season
Speaker 3: for comment and have incorporated any responses we received throughout
Speaker 3: the season.
Speaker 8: Carbon Cowboys Cowboys Off the Sejadu is a collaboration between
Speaker 8: Drilled and The Intercept to Brazil.
Speaker 3: The show was reported and written by Philippe Sabrina and
Speaker 3: me Amy Westervelt.
Speaker 8: Our editors are Audrey Queen in the US and Alisa
Speaker 8: Desoulza in Brazil.
Speaker 3: Our senior producer and sound designer is Martin Zaltz Austwick.
Speaker 3: Audio production and sound design in Brazil by Marcia Heberdoza
Speaker 3: and Philippe MOOKX.
Speaker 8: Theme song and original music by Eric Dana.
Speaker 3: Additional music by Martin Saltz Ostwick. Our engineer is Peter Duff.
Speaker 8: Artwork for Drild is by Matt Fleming.
Speaker 3: US fact checking from Naomi bar Brazil.
Speaker 8: Fact checking by Istujo Frontea.
Speaker 3: Our first amendment attorney is James Wheaton with the First
Speaker 3: Amendment Project. We are also proud members of Reporter Shield.
Speaker 3: Big thanks also to Andrew Fishman, president of The Intercept Brazil.
Speaker 8: DRILLD is distributed by Pushkin Industries.
Speaker 3: Huge thanks to the team there, including Greta Cohen, Eric Sandler,
Speaker 3: Grace Ross, Morgan Rattner, Owen Miller, Kira Posey, Jordan McMillan,
Speaker 3: Brian Shreberneck and Jake Flanagan. To hear the Portuguese version
Speaker 3: of this series, head over to the Intercept Brazil's site
Speaker 3: or search for The Intercept Brazil's podcast feed wherever you
Speaker 3: listen to podcasts.
Speaker 6: MHM