WEBVTT - Will We Find Evidence of Aliens by Their Engineering Projects? 0:00:00.480 --> 0:00:07.920 San Francisco, the s Y s K treet Yes, San Francisco, Oakland, 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:11.200 the entire Bay area and dare I say, all of 0:00:11.200 --> 0:00:14.600 Silicon Valley. Yeah, we love you. And we're coming back 0:00:14.600 --> 0:00:17.439 to Sketch Fest this year in January. Yeah, we're gonna 0:00:17.520 --> 0:00:21.000 be there on Sunday, January at one pm, a very 0:00:21.200 --> 0:00:25.520 rare afternoon show. Uh, and we will be ready to go. 0:00:25.800 --> 0:00:28.000 So you guys better be drunk from the night before 0:00:28.160 --> 0:00:31.280 or getting drunk for that evening. Yeah, however it crosses over, 0:00:31.360 --> 0:00:34.680 I think it'll be proof positive that uh we endorse 0:00:35.120 --> 0:00:39.560 afternoon drinking. You know, yeah, you know, a couple of drinks, 0:00:39.560 --> 0:00:42.920 maybe it'd be bloody Mary. What were we talking about. 0:00:43.000 --> 0:00:45.400 Oh yeah, we're promoting our show. Oh that's right. So 0:00:45.440 --> 0:00:48.360 we're doing that show on January. Uh. You can go 0:00:48.479 --> 0:00:51.080 to the s F Sketch Fest website to get tickets 0:00:51.600 --> 0:00:55.800 and it's awesome. It's a great, great comedy festival. Lots 0:00:55.840 --> 0:00:58.960 of awesome shows that weekend and for the following weeks. 0:00:59.520 --> 0:01:02.480 So I I encourage you, like to buy lots of 0:01:02.520 --> 0:01:05.319 tickets just by ours first. Yeah, and hurry, hurry, because 0:01:05.319 --> 0:01:07.759 they're selling out fast, no joke. That's not a ploy. 0:01:07.880 --> 0:01:11.440 That's not as a marketing ploy. They're really selling fast. 0:01:11.480 --> 0:01:14.199 We get emails every time. Guys, you told me to hurry, 0:01:14.280 --> 0:01:18.240 I didn't hurry. I'm shut out. And since this promos 0:01:18.280 --> 0:01:22.960 petered out, it ends right now. Welcome to stuff you 0:01:22.959 --> 0:01:31.880 should know. It's from how Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 0:01:31.920 --> 0:01:34.280 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark, and there's 0:01:34.319 --> 0:01:38.760 Charles w Chuck Bryant. Jerry's over there, their foot on 0:01:38.760 --> 0:01:41.920 the button, and that means this is stuff you should 0:01:41.920 --> 0:01:46.840 know the podcast. The foot on the button, just waiting 0:01:46.880 --> 0:01:49.840 to cut us off. Yeah, that's what no one knows. 0:01:49.880 --> 0:01:52.400 But Jerry has a kill switch at her foot for 0:01:53.160 --> 0:01:57.000 all of our profane tirades. Yeah, it would kill us 0:01:57.280 --> 0:01:59.960 if she ever pressed it. That's right, that's why they 0:02:00.040 --> 0:02:01.600 call it that. But she's not very good at it. 0:02:01.640 --> 0:02:06.040 I've noticed I've noticed some stuff slips by. Yeah. I 0:02:06.160 --> 0:02:09.280 told her she's like Keith Richards of podcast producers because 0:02:09.760 --> 0:02:13.280 he can't use guitar pedals. So he's known for that. 0:02:13.400 --> 0:02:15.200 Is that a thing? Well, I mean, I don't know 0:02:15.720 --> 0:02:19.000 how known he is, maybe among guitar players, but he uh, 0:02:19.200 --> 0:02:22.920 he just plugs right into the amp that's pretty great. Oh, 0:02:23.000 --> 0:02:26.480 I see and his he was on Mark Maron's podcast. 0:02:26.560 --> 0:02:29.200 It was a great interview in maren he you know it. 0:02:29.320 --> 0:02:31.840 It's pure Keith Richards and he was just basically like, 0:02:32.000 --> 0:02:34.120 you know, I have a hard time standing upright, like 0:02:34.160 --> 0:02:38.560 I can't mess with trying to breast foot pedals. That's 0:02:38.680 --> 0:02:43.480 Keith Man. Yep. Very pure. Yeah, and by pure, I 0:02:43.480 --> 0:02:49.840 mean pure heroine, pure China. He's clean now, But is 0:02:49.840 --> 0:02:53.839 he really? That's astounding Well, I mean no, I mean 0:02:54.080 --> 0:02:57.320 he doesn't do like hard drugs anymore. I got you. 0:02:57.560 --> 0:03:02.760 I think he drinks and smokes weed. I got you. Yeah, 0:03:02.840 --> 0:03:06.400 it's like Christine. Actually, Maron smoked his first cigarette in 0:03:06.400 --> 0:03:09.799 a decade in that show with him. Oh that was smart. 0:03:10.120 --> 0:03:12.680 That's a good decision. He was like, I have to 0:03:12.760 --> 0:03:16.359 how can I not? Yeah, he easily could not have 0:03:16.400 --> 0:03:20.519 done that. I'm disappointed. Did he really? Yeah? Keith Richard 0:03:20.520 --> 0:03:22.960 offered him a smoke and he's like, sure, yeah, I 0:03:22.960 --> 0:03:24.720 mean I see that. But at the same time I 0:03:24.760 --> 0:03:30.079 was assos to not smoking. I know, I'm being judge. 0:03:30.120 --> 0:03:40.200 Wagon your finger, So, Chuck, have you ever used energy? Yes? Well, 0:03:40.240 --> 0:03:44.120 you know, when you're using energy, most likely you're using 0:03:44.200 --> 0:03:48.080 something like a fossil fuel, right, yeah, right, like gasoline 0:03:48.160 --> 0:03:50.680 or natural gas or something like that stuff that comes 0:03:50.720 --> 0:03:57.080 from decomposing dinosaurs. Okay. The problem with using decomposing dinosaurs 0:03:57.160 --> 0:04:00.080 is most people know is that it's essentially an on 0:04:00.200 --> 0:04:03.480 renewable resource. There's no more dinosaurs to decomposed any longer, 0:04:03.520 --> 0:04:06.520 and even if there were, it would take tens of 0:04:06.600 --> 0:04:10.040 millions of years for them to decompose into fossil fuels 0:04:10.040 --> 0:04:12.600 for us, right right, even if we could, even if 0:04:12.640 --> 0:04:16.640 we had dino d n A and we could make 0:04:16.720 --> 0:04:19.880 new dinosaurs just to kill them and watch them decompose, 0:04:20.400 --> 0:04:22.960 which is something we would do if we had the capability, 0:04:23.000 --> 0:04:26.560 I guarantee you, right, Um, but we don't have that 0:04:26.640 --> 0:04:28.920 capability as far as I know, Like, no one's working 0:04:28.960 --> 0:04:32.880 on that track right now. I don't think just uh, 0:04:33.040 --> 0:04:41.080 Steven Spielberg, right, maybe someone at Rutger's. So, um, we 0:04:41.080 --> 0:04:44.080 we have to come up with energy sources that we 0:04:44.160 --> 0:04:46.719 won't eventually run out of. And obviously there's like wind 0:04:46.760 --> 0:04:49.520 and solar and as far as solar power goes, from 0:04:49.520 --> 0:04:52.040 what I understand, we're actually doing pretty well right now. 0:04:52.080 --> 0:04:54.960 Like right now, we use something like point zero one 0:04:55.080 --> 0:04:59.200 percent of the sunlight that reaches Earth to to power 0:05:00.000 --> 0:05:02.760 our our world, So there's a lot of room for 0:05:02.800 --> 0:05:06.919 growth potential. The thing is is I also saw that 0:05:06.960 --> 0:05:10.360 if we keep growing in our energy consumption, keeps growing 0:05:10.880 --> 0:05:13.599 UH at something like one percent a year, within a 0:05:13.680 --> 0:05:18.200 thousand years will be using more than the entire amount 0:05:18.240 --> 0:05:22.120 of sunlight that hits the Earth UM can provide. So 0:05:22.160 --> 0:05:25.240 we really need to come up with something else. The 0:05:25.320 --> 0:05:28.719 problem is is even if we harnessed all of the 0:05:28.839 --> 0:05:33.240 energy here on Earth, we would very quickly outgrow whatever 0:05:33.400 --> 0:05:36.480 energy it provided. So some people have said, well, why 0:05:36.480 --> 0:05:38.080 don't we just go straight to the source. If the 0:05:38.080 --> 0:05:40.640 Sun is such a great source of energy, but it's 0:05:40.640 --> 0:05:45.239 shooting that energy out in directions other than the Earth, um, 0:05:45.480 --> 0:05:48.200 the stuff that is starting towards the Earth doesn't make 0:05:48.240 --> 0:05:52.039 it very frequently. Let's just go to the sun and 0:05:52.040 --> 0:05:54.839 and basically strangle the life out of it to get 0:05:54.960 --> 0:06:01.200 energy from it. Right, And one of the first proposals 0:06:01.200 --> 0:06:03.359 of it, I don't want to say serious proposal, because 0:06:03.680 --> 0:06:07.040 although it's been taken seriously over the years and almost 0:06:07.960 --> 0:06:12.279 been interpreted like scripture um, it was a thought experiment 0:06:12.320 --> 0:06:18.960 to begin with. It's something called the Dyson spear. Yes. Um, well, 0:06:19.000 --> 0:06:21.000 I guess we should introduce the man, not that we 0:06:21.040 --> 0:06:25.440 have him here, that'd be awesome. He's he's still around. Yeah, 0:06:25.480 --> 0:06:28.679 I know he's an old dude. But we're talking about 0:06:28.680 --> 0:06:32.120 Freeman Dyson, not to the maker of the vacuum cleaner 0:06:33.200 --> 0:06:39.840 or the bladeless fan or the bladeless hair dryer. Is 0:06:39.880 --> 0:06:42.880 that really a thing? They have a dyce in hair dryer, 0:06:44.400 --> 0:06:46.440 you know what that. I was so disappointed when I 0:06:46.480 --> 0:06:50.840 found out what the bladeless fan was. Why have you 0:06:50.880 --> 0:06:53.159 seen those? Yeah, you can stick your hand through it. 0:06:53.160 --> 0:06:55.120 It's amazing. Well I know, and I was like it 0:06:55.160 --> 0:06:57.920 is it magic? Like how in the world isn't doing this? 0:06:58.680 --> 0:07:00.880 But it's got a stupid blade. It is just housed 0:07:00.880 --> 0:07:03.960 in a in a casing. Yeah, so that's a terrible 0:07:04.040 --> 0:07:05.720 name for it, and then it just channels it up 0:07:05.760 --> 0:07:09.560 and you know, squirts it out the front that they're 0:07:09.800 --> 0:07:12.840 The Dyson invention that always got me was the air 0:07:12.880 --> 0:07:15.720 blade hand dryer. I think we've talked about this before, 0:07:15.760 --> 0:07:19.160 where you stick your hand down in there. Yeah, but 0:07:19.240 --> 0:07:23.640 they're so filled with germs that actually I was in 0:07:23.680 --> 0:07:25.440 a bathroom the other day and they have an air 0:07:25.440 --> 0:07:29.400 blade now that just blows downward onto your hands and 0:07:29.480 --> 0:07:32.960 it's actually I'm like, okay, now I'm satisfied with this invention. Well, 0:07:33.000 --> 0:07:34.680 you know you're not supposed to rub your hand on 0:07:34.760 --> 0:07:37.120 the air blade itself. No, but it's so close. It's 0:07:37.160 --> 0:07:39.280 like you're playing operation like I'm trying to remove a 0:07:39.280 --> 0:07:41.800 funny bone or something like that. It's almost impossible not 0:07:41.880 --> 0:07:43.920 to hit the sides of the thing. You know, your 0:07:43.920 --> 0:07:48.160 big meat hooks are just rubbing all over every blade. Yeah, 0:07:48.200 --> 0:07:50.360 it is gross, believe me, because I walk out is 0:07:50.440 --> 0:07:52.760 crying with my hands held in the air every time 0:07:52.760 --> 0:07:54.640 I go to the bathroom. Well, you and I have 0:07:54.720 --> 0:07:58.480 a very big thing about airport bathrooms. Um, and I 0:07:58.520 --> 0:08:01.760 think I had the worst one of my life at 0:08:01.800 --> 0:08:05.280 a Boston Logan on our last tour. Oh yeah, what happened. 0:08:05.640 --> 0:08:09.720 It was just not up to snuff. Like the first 0:08:09.720 --> 0:08:11.520 of all, the door and this might have been just 0:08:11.720 --> 0:08:15.160 this one bathroom, but the doors to the stalls none 0:08:15.240 --> 0:08:19.640 of them secured. They've been ripped clean off. Well they 0:08:19.640 --> 0:08:21.880 were there, but you couldn't you know, the locks didn't work. 0:08:21.920 --> 0:08:24.080 It was just basically had to push my hand against it, 0:08:24.080 --> 0:08:26.880 which grossed me out. Yeah, that's not okay. And then 0:08:26.920 --> 0:08:30.320 the gap when the door was shut was like two 0:08:30.440 --> 0:08:32.680 or three inches big, like you could fully just look 0:08:32.679 --> 0:08:35.760 in and say, how you doing, how's your poop? Yeah, 0:08:35.880 --> 0:08:40.079 that's the Mr. Peeper's model. It's just not acceptible, you know, 0:08:40.679 --> 0:08:43.040 in this day and age, to not have complete privacy 0:08:43.080 --> 0:08:46.760 in there. I mean, I agree with you. I again, 0:08:46.800 --> 0:08:49.239 I'm gonna reiterate. I think there should be one stall 0:08:49.720 --> 0:08:51.959 for an entire bathroom so that no one could possibly 0:08:52.000 --> 0:08:55.960 sit down next to you. But barring that, the all exactly. 0:08:56.600 --> 0:09:00.360 But barring that, though, like the place like we have 0:09:00.480 --> 0:09:04.640 in our office is acceptable. It's a good second. There's 0:09:04.679 --> 0:09:07.200 like a complete wall in between you. There's a complete 0:09:07.200 --> 0:09:10.560 wall in front of you and a door that's securely shut. 0:09:10.720 --> 0:09:13.680 It's a water closet. Oh yeah, yeah, yeah, I guess 0:09:13.760 --> 0:09:18.520 I guess it is O man, I knew we were 0:09:18.520 --> 0:09:21.880 going to get distracted by poop. Yeah. This isn't even 0:09:21.880 --> 0:09:25.000 the porta pot I know. All right, So sorry. Back 0:09:25.040 --> 0:09:28.760 to Freeman Dyson, uh not the vacuum maker. He was 0:09:29.960 --> 0:09:33.160 born in England. He worked most of his career. He's 0:09:33.160 --> 0:09:35.920 retired now, but worked most of his career as a 0:09:36.000 --> 0:09:40.319 physics professor at the Institute for Advanced Study at Princeton University, 0:09:40.880 --> 0:09:47.400 not Rutgers. Uh. He was a civilian scientist with the 0:09:47.559 --> 0:09:50.680 r EF in World War Two. I went to Cambridge, 0:09:50.679 --> 0:09:55.040 then Cornell for grad school. This guy's got some bona fides. Uh. 0:09:55.080 --> 0:09:59.040 And then he's been in news recently by being a 0:09:59.040 --> 0:10:02.240 big I mean, brilliant, brilliant man. But he's been in 0:10:02.280 --> 0:10:04.920 the news recently by being one of the more prominent 0:10:04.920 --> 0:10:10.400 scientists that on as a climate change skeptic. Oh is 0:10:10.400 --> 0:10:13.760 that right? Yeah, and not like a complete skeptic, Like 0:10:13.840 --> 0:10:16.960 he does believe that it's I believe where what his 0:10:17.000 --> 0:10:19.240 stance is that he does believe that it's man made, 0:10:19.800 --> 0:10:23.720 but he doesn't think we have enough detail about all 0:10:23.760 --> 0:10:27.800 the variables for these computer generated models to be accurate. 0:10:29.160 --> 0:10:32.040 So he's he's basically saying like, this is not the 0:10:32.160 --> 0:10:34.000 end of the world, and in fact, he thinks that 0:10:34.520 --> 0:10:36.720 increasing levels of CEO two can be a good thing 0:10:36.840 --> 0:10:40.520 for humanity. Ultimately, I don't know, I didn't get that far. 0:10:41.920 --> 0:10:45.000 He's like, it gets it gives you a pretty good buzz. Maybe, 0:10:45.440 --> 0:10:47.960 I don't know. It's pretty interesting though he's like I think, 0:10:48.360 --> 0:10:51.640 starting about you know, six to ten years ago, really 0:10:51.679 --> 0:10:56.240 started making the news with his somewhat controversial because he's 0:10:56.240 --> 0:10:58.440 a brilliant man, and all these other scientists are like, wow, 0:10:58.480 --> 0:11:00.199 he's such a smart guy, but he's so wrong on this. 0:11:01.160 --> 0:11:03.200 But then other people are like, no, he's totally right. 0:11:04.120 --> 0:11:07.920 That's pretty interesting anyway. Um, so that's who he is. 0:11:08.040 --> 0:11:11.720 And he in nineteen thirty seven, well not n seven. 0:11:12.200 --> 0:11:14.360 He in the nineteen sixties was reading a book from 0:11:14.440 --> 0:11:18.800 nineteen thirty seven called Starmaker from uh, science fiction author 0:11:18.840 --> 0:11:22.440 Olaf Stapledon, and uh, he saw this thing called a 0:11:22.520 --> 0:11:26.559 light trap from this book. Uh. And this book also 0:11:26.600 --> 0:11:29.800 had predicted things like virtual reality, and it's kind of 0:11:29.800 --> 0:11:35.480 a pretty much a landmark sci fi science book. And um, 0:11:35.559 --> 0:11:37.720 he said, hey, this light trap sounds like a good idea. 0:11:37.800 --> 0:11:41.080 I'm going to rip it off. Yeah he did. And 0:11:41.120 --> 0:11:43.400 he actually it was I think a paper that was 0:11:43.440 --> 0:11:46.480 published in Science and in journal Science in nineteen sixty 0:11:46.520 --> 0:11:49.520 and it's really short. Did you read it? Yeah? Yeah, 0:11:49.559 --> 0:11:53.160 it's like I think it took up two pages in Science, Um, 0:11:53.559 --> 0:11:55.440 out of like a thousand or something like that in 0:11:55.480 --> 0:12:00.480 that volume. But um, he basically said this would be 0:12:00.520 --> 0:12:03.560 a great thing, as you say to rip Off, for 0:12:03.640 --> 0:12:06.440 a thought experiment I'm working on right, Because just very 0:12:06.480 --> 0:12:09.720 recently something called Project OSMA had been created, and that 0:12:09.840 --> 0:12:13.880 was they started to search the sky for extraterrestrial intelligence. 0:12:13.960 --> 0:12:16.400 It was the first city, UM, and they were looking 0:12:16.400 --> 0:12:19.839 for radio signals still are. But Dyson was saying, well, 0:12:19.880 --> 0:12:21.800 hold on a second, if you're gonna start looking for 0:12:21.920 --> 0:12:26.600 extraterrestrial beings like signs of intelligent civilizations, you should maybe 0:12:26.600 --> 0:12:28.840 start looking for these and and they came to be 0:12:28.880 --> 0:12:32.200 called Dyson's fears because he was the first one to 0:12:32.240 --> 0:12:35.920 popularize it, even though he got the idea from old Off. Yeah, 0:12:35.920 --> 0:12:39.120 he actually said, um, he thought a stapleed in sphere 0:12:39.200 --> 0:12:41.839 was a better name, but I guess not good enough 0:12:41.880 --> 0:12:45.559 to actually use it, right, right, Yeah, he said it once, 0:12:46.200 --> 0:12:50.720 very quietly. Yeah. But so this Dyson he it was 0:12:50.760 --> 0:12:54.600 originally created as a again, a thought experiment. He wasn't 0:12:54.920 --> 0:12:58.319 he didn't talk about how to construct it necessarily or 0:12:58.960 --> 0:13:04.080 anything like that, although were some follow up correspondence UM 0:13:04.200 --> 0:13:07.679 after the letter first came out, But almost immediately people 0:13:07.720 --> 0:13:11.720 started thinking about how you would create one of these things. 0:13:12.640 --> 0:13:14.800 This this dicensphere, and the who the whole point we 0:13:14.800 --> 0:13:18.880 should say, basically, at its at its basis, a diycen 0:13:18.960 --> 0:13:26.199 sphere is um an engineering project, a megastructure that initially 0:13:26.280 --> 0:13:29.360 was thought to be basically a hollow sphere that you 0:13:29.480 --> 0:13:32.679 built around a star, for example, we would build it 0:13:32.720 --> 0:13:35.880 around our sun. And the whole point of this thing 0:13:36.080 --> 0:13:39.840 is on the inside of this sphere are solar arrays, 0:13:40.480 --> 0:13:42.920 so that all of that sunlight, like we were talking 0:13:42.920 --> 0:13:46.400 about earlier, that gets wasted as far as we're concerned, 0:13:47.280 --> 0:13:52.160 is captured and converted into usable energy for us. And 0:13:52.160 --> 0:13:56.199 and in Freeman Dyson's point was, if you build one 0:13:56.240 --> 0:14:01.120 of these things, you're going to capture light won't get out, 0:14:01.400 --> 0:14:05.920 but infrared radiation heat, thermal heat will escape. And so 0:14:06.000 --> 0:14:08.440 if you're looking around the skies for aliens, look for 0:14:08.520 --> 0:14:11.400 something that has a tremendous amount of like the infrared 0:14:11.480 --> 0:14:14.240 radiation of a star, but isn't putting any light out, 0:14:14.360 --> 0:14:17.040 and maybe you just found an alien civilization. That's how 0:14:17.040 --> 0:14:19.280 it began. But people started trying to figure out how 0:14:19.320 --> 0:14:21.440 to make one of these things almost as soon as 0:14:21.520 --> 0:14:24.480 he published that letter. So the one thing I don't 0:14:24.480 --> 0:14:27.800 get was he saying that look for this because other 0:14:27.920 --> 0:14:31.680 civilizations out there are using the Dyson spear. He he 0:14:31.800 --> 0:14:34.400 said that it would be likely that they that this 0:14:34.440 --> 0:14:38.920 would be an invention. They came up. Yeah, all right, well, 0:14:39.040 --> 0:14:42.760 um let's go should we go to uh this U 0:14:43.000 --> 0:14:46.640 Nikolai Karda Chef question. I think we can't put it 0:14:46.640 --> 0:14:49.480 off any longer. It's pretty interesting. In the nineteen sixties 0:14:49.520 --> 0:14:54.400 there was an astrophysicist named Nikolai karda chef and um 0:14:54.440 --> 0:14:58.640 he was a Bond villain. And actually he wasn't, but 0:14:58.680 --> 0:15:01.320 he should have been. Um. He had this idea that 0:15:01.360 --> 0:15:06.080 there were three classifications of civilization. Uh, Type one, which 0:15:06.120 --> 0:15:09.960 is basically we have learned how to harness all the 0:15:10.080 --> 0:15:14.680 energy on the home planet, like everything you can possibly 0:15:15.480 --> 0:15:19.280 harness here on Earth. And you would think, well, that's 0:15:19.280 --> 0:15:22.960 probably us. We're not quite there yet. Uh. Really smart 0:15:23.040 --> 0:15:26.440 dude name Michio Kaku. UM not a Bond villain either, 0:15:26.600 --> 0:15:29.000 he said, Uh, in the next hundred years or so, 0:15:29.240 --> 0:15:31.960 maybe two hundred years, we might actually be a Type 0:15:31.960 --> 0:15:35.880 one civilization. Yeah. And like you said, this where every 0:15:35.920 --> 0:15:40.320 bit of Judeo thermal energy, every drop of sunlight, every 0:15:40.600 --> 0:15:46.520 um um, every bit of hydro electric power, all that stuff, 0:15:46.560 --> 0:15:49.400 Every potential bit of energy is being harnessed by us, 0:15:49.600 --> 0:15:52.640 that's right. Yeah, we're nowhere near that right now. I 0:15:52.680 --> 0:15:57.640 think Cocu's assessments a little rosy. Oh well, and I 0:15:57.680 --> 0:15:59.880 can say that because he was on our TV show 0:16:00.480 --> 0:16:04.040 sort of well he was he yes, he appeared on, 0:16:04.160 --> 0:16:06.960 but we didn't interact with us in a real way exactly. 0:16:07.240 --> 0:16:10.480 He has no idea who we are, no none. Uh 0:16:10.520 --> 0:16:12.760 So Type two is the next, of course, and they 0:16:13.840 --> 0:16:16.440 that kind of civilization would understand how to harness all 0:16:16.480 --> 0:16:19.520 of the energy not only on your own home planet, 0:16:19.960 --> 0:16:24.440 but the energy of a star in its own solar system. Right, 0:16:24.680 --> 0:16:26.960 that's where the that's where the Dyson spear comes in. 0:16:28.240 --> 0:16:32.080 That's what we aspire to do one day, right, maybe 0:16:32.560 --> 0:16:35.840 a million or so years from now. And then Type 0:16:35.880 --> 0:16:40.560 three is this kind of like following this logical progression, right, 0:16:40.600 --> 0:16:45.000 and that's harnessing all the energy of all the galaxies, 0:16:45.480 --> 0:16:48.800 or of entire galaxies, not necessarily all of them. Yeah. 0:16:49.000 --> 0:16:53.480 I think that the second the second stage, the type 0:16:53.480 --> 0:16:58.720 to civilization would be um the either the hardest to 0:16:58.720 --> 0:17:02.320 get to or take the longest to get to. And 0:17:02.360 --> 0:17:05.520 that's because when you build that first dicense fear, your 0:17:06.280 --> 0:17:10.560 technology and your energy efficiency and your productivity is going 0:17:10.640 --> 0:17:15.720 to just shoot forward exponentially from that point on. So 0:17:15.720 --> 0:17:18.320 so once you build that first one, you can start 0:17:18.320 --> 0:17:20.719 building more and more and more much more quickly. So 0:17:20.760 --> 0:17:23.880 you jumped from a Type two to a Type three 0:17:23.920 --> 0:17:27.960 civilization pretty pretty fast compared to how long it took 0:17:27.960 --> 0:17:30.240 you to go from a Type one to a Type 0:17:30.280 --> 0:17:34.000 to civilization. Yeah. I think it's like any any product, 0:17:34.040 --> 0:17:35.879 even that that first one is tough, and then you 0:17:35.880 --> 0:17:39.399 can scale it and uh, but well we'll get to 0:17:39.560 --> 0:17:42.320 the robots here. So okay, in fact, let's take a break. 0:17:42.760 --> 0:17:44.680 I'm getting a little psych chuck, and we'll talk a 0:17:44.720 --> 0:18:13.639 little bit more about the Sun right after this. All right, 0:18:13.720 --> 0:18:18.040 So I went when I said the word sun, Yeah, 0:18:18.080 --> 0:18:20.359 I thought that was odd. No, it's not. You know, 0:18:20.440 --> 0:18:22.639 I honestly had no idea where you're going with this. 0:18:23.280 --> 0:18:27.720 Well you do, you're being coy. Uh. Most people out there, 0:18:27.760 --> 0:18:30.600 most long time listeners, know that our Sun podcast was 0:18:31.160 --> 0:18:35.000 one of our our biggest struggles and would have been 0:18:35.040 --> 0:18:38.760 our biggest achievements had we uh done it right. It's 0:18:39.560 --> 0:18:45.360 the biggest pity applause. We get yeah for this sun. No, no, 0:18:45.520 --> 0:18:49.639 it was it was fine. You tried, Yeah, good for 0:18:49.720 --> 0:18:52.679 you for trying. But uh, let's talk a little bit 0:18:52.720 --> 0:18:54.919 about the sun. This stuff I can deal with, at 0:18:54.960 --> 0:18:59.520 least as far as its immense power and energy. Um, 0:18:59.560 --> 0:19:01.840 and I love of the Our own article has some 0:19:01.920 --> 0:19:06.959 of these comparisons. Um, the sun can generate five times 0:19:08.160 --> 0:19:11.359 one zero to three horsepower. I think that that is 0:19:11.400 --> 0:19:14.040 a TYPEO. I think that it's supposed to be five 0:19:14.520 --> 0:19:17.680 times ten to the twenty three power. You think that's 0:19:17.720 --> 0:19:20.159 the only explanation I have for that doesn't make sense. 0:19:20.280 --> 0:19:23.720 That's a really small number. Actually, yeah, I agree, it 0:19:23.760 --> 0:19:31.399 would be like about horse power. Yeah, that's five times tinted. 0:19:32.359 --> 0:19:35.760 It's gotta be someone just got lazy there. Serious. They're like, 0:19:35.800 --> 0:19:37.959 I don't know how to do the little twenty three thing, right, 0:19:38.000 --> 0:19:40.159 I don't. I don't know how to use superscript. What 0:19:40.240 --> 0:19:44.080 am I like a great editor? Superscript? That's what it is, right, 0:19:44.400 --> 0:19:48.800 superscript and subscript. Uh So let's put it this way, 0:19:48.920 --> 0:19:51.520 and this one is the one that cracks me up. Um, 0:19:51.560 --> 0:19:54.360 the sun has enough energy to melt an ice bridge 0:19:55.600 --> 0:19:58.720 two miles wide and a mile thick from Earth to 0:19:58.800 --> 0:20:01.760 the Sun in a single second. In a single second, 0:20:01.880 --> 0:20:04.920 that's pretty good. This is the only article I think 0:20:04.960 --> 0:20:07.679 I've ever seen an ellipse in like like the author 0:20:07.760 --> 0:20:11.400 was like, wait for it, in a single second. Yeah, 0:20:11.440 --> 0:20:12.960 I don't even think they did the ellipse right. And 0:20:13.040 --> 0:20:14.720 the ellips supposed to be right after the letter or 0:20:14.760 --> 0:20:16.800 is there space? I think there's supposed to be a 0:20:16.800 --> 0:20:22.200 space on either side technically, Yeah, I've been doing these wrong. Then, well, 0:20:22.240 --> 0:20:25.040 don't feel bad. This thing says five times one thousand, 0:20:25.119 --> 0:20:29.200 twenty three horsepowers. It's all good, all right. What else? 0:20:29.640 --> 0:20:33.680 One trillion one megats on bombs going off every second 0:20:34.000 --> 0:20:39.080 if your war like, and then finally, one single second 0:20:39.200 --> 0:20:44.240 of son action whatever that is is enough to power 0:20:44.440 --> 0:20:48.880 our earth for half a million years. That drives it home. 0:20:49.480 --> 0:20:52.600 It does, but it also gives you an idea of 0:20:52.760 --> 0:20:58.120 just how primitive we are energy consumption wise, Like it's 0:20:58.160 --> 0:21:01.399 it's it's it's crazy because you know, we're really worried 0:21:01.400 --> 0:21:04.760 about running out of our non renewable resources, but we 0:21:04.880 --> 0:21:08.960 use such a minute amount of energy that that the 0:21:09.160 --> 0:21:13.560 Sun could power the energy use we use currently for 0:21:13.760 --> 0:21:17.560 half a million years in one second, ye. Right, so 0:21:17.880 --> 0:21:20.879 that also kind of takes your mind though too. Um. 0:21:20.960 --> 0:21:22.880 And this is I think one of the things, one 0:21:22.880 --> 0:21:28.040 of the buttons that Freeman Dyson um pushed. It makes 0:21:28.040 --> 0:21:32.000 you realize, like, holy cow, we could do some really 0:21:32.040 --> 0:21:35.919 amazing stuff if we could capture a significant amount of 0:21:35.960 --> 0:21:41.160 that power that the sun puts out, even an insignificant amount. Yeah, yeah, 0:21:41.359 --> 0:21:43.960 you'd keep Iggy Pop going for like another hundred years. 0:21:46.200 --> 0:21:49.520 Uh So, like you said that, the idea behind the 0:21:49.560 --> 0:21:54.199 Diceon sphere is this structure. He originally proposed a hollow 0:21:54.240 --> 0:21:59.280 sphere and kind of referred to it as a shell. Um, 0:21:59.320 --> 0:22:02.679 but I think now or I think he went on 0:22:02.800 --> 0:22:05.920 to to make it a solid sphere. He so he 0:22:06.080 --> 0:22:14.600 actually said he was really, um, what's the opposite of clear? Take? Yeah, 0:22:14.600 --> 0:22:17.240 I guess a little convoluted. He he didn't really go 0:22:17.320 --> 0:22:19.359 to the trouble of spelling out because again, remember this 0:22:19.400 --> 0:22:22.960 is a thought experiment that had to do with finding aliens, 0:22:23.000 --> 0:22:26.760 not an engineering schematic. So he used some very it 0:22:26.840 --> 0:22:28.280 was vague. That was what I was looking for. He 0:22:28.359 --> 0:22:31.080 was using some vague words were like wait, what what 0:22:31.080 --> 0:22:34.400 what are you talking about? What is this sphere? Is it? 0:22:34.440 --> 0:22:37.240 Is it? Cohesive. Is it like a solid body? Is 0:22:37.240 --> 0:22:39.719 it hollow in the middle? What's going on? And he 0:22:39.760 --> 0:22:42.199 came back and said in a letter a follow up, 0:22:42.240 --> 0:22:44.720 he said, no, no, no, like, there's there's no way 0:22:44.760 --> 0:22:47.800 you could build something that would go around our sun. 0:22:48.200 --> 0:22:51.520 That would be a solid body that was hollow in 0:22:51.520 --> 0:22:54.439 the middle. Like, it couldn't be a cohesive hole because 0:22:54.480 --> 0:22:59.639 the rotational forces, the sheer forces, and the gravitational forces 0:22:59.680 --> 0:23:03.720 acting on it, which just obliterate it immediately. Like it's 0:23:03.760 --> 0:23:05.919 it just be mechanically impossible to make it like that. 0:23:06.080 --> 0:23:08.639 So he said, so maybe you would make something like 0:23:08.680 --> 0:23:13.000 a bubble or a swarm or something like that. Yeah, 0:23:13.040 --> 0:23:15.159 And he said in the letter, I've been closed some 0:23:15.200 --> 0:23:19.480 blotter acid. Put it on your tongue. You're gonna love this. 0:23:19.520 --> 0:23:22.600 It's dynamite, and call me in an hour. Might make 0:23:22.600 --> 0:23:26.040 a little more sense. Uh yeah. Our own article points 0:23:26.040 --> 0:23:28.679 out that one of the first downsides, obviously, if you 0:23:28.920 --> 0:23:34.320 surround the sun completely, is that sunlight has I mean, 0:23:34.320 --> 0:23:37.800 I know we'd be harnessing that energy, but sunlight provides 0:23:37.840 --> 0:23:42.159 a lot more than just energy. Oh yeah, like it 0:23:42.200 --> 0:23:45.239 makes us happy. Yeah. People write entire songs about how 0:23:45.280 --> 0:23:48.879 sunshine makes you happy, Like John Denver, did you know 0:23:49.760 --> 0:23:52.040 that was just on the shoulders. It would be a 0:23:52.080 --> 0:23:55.800 global bummer if somebody enclosed the Sun. That's like super 0:23:55.880 --> 0:23:59.560 villain kind of stuff, right, Yeah, Okay, so that's a problem. 0:23:59.640 --> 0:24:02.760 Another problem, though, is that if you're going to build 0:24:02.840 --> 0:24:05.639 something like this, and and Dyson even suggested the size 0:24:05.680 --> 0:24:07.520 of it. He was saying it would need to have 0:24:07.560 --> 0:24:10.760 a radius, So a radius, not even a diameter half 0:24:10.760 --> 0:24:14.199 of the diameter, a radius that was two times the 0:24:14.280 --> 0:24:17.960 distance of the Earth to the Sun. So this thing 0:24:17.960 --> 0:24:21.680 would be massive, which means that it would also enclose 0:24:21.760 --> 0:24:25.040 the Earth too, right, Like he wasn't proposing you just 0:24:25.080 --> 0:24:29.320 go up and create this tight ball around the Sun, 0:24:29.640 --> 0:24:31.560