1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,480 Speaker 1: Hey, y'all, we're rerunning two episodes today. Enjoy the show. 2 00:00:04,640 --> 00:00:08,799 Speaker 1: Hi everyone, Welcome to this day in History class, where 3 00:00:08,800 --> 00:00:20,000 Speaker 1: we uncover the remnants of history every day. The day 4 00:00:20,120 --> 00:00:25,239 Speaker 1: was made twenty second, nineteen sixty, the largest earthquake ever 5 00:00:25,280 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 1: recorded hit ChIL A, leaving two million people without homes 6 00:00:29,760 --> 00:00:33,640 Speaker 1: at least three thousand people injured in about one thousand, 7 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:38,200 Speaker 1: six hundred and fifty five people did The previous day, 8 00:00:38,400 --> 00:00:41,920 Speaker 1: a series of four shocks had hit in chile A 9 00:00:41,920 --> 00:00:44,960 Speaker 1: as people were preparing for the commemoration of the Battle 10 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:48,440 Speaker 1: of Ikik, a naval battle during the War of the Pacific. 11 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:51,800 Speaker 1: A quake with the magnitude of eight point to cause 12 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:57,160 Speaker 1: destruction in the coastal town of Concepcion. Til's president called 13 00:00:57,160 --> 00:01:00,720 Speaker 1: off the day's events to put together an emergent see response. 14 00:01:02,280 --> 00:01:05,360 Speaker 1: A couple more earthquakes occurred the next day in Concepcion, 15 00:01:05,800 --> 00:01:09,840 Speaker 1: with the last happening only fifteen minutes before the Baldivia earthquake. 16 00:01:11,120 --> 00:01:14,760 Speaker 1: The earthquakes travel south in a sequence to the big one. 17 00:01:15,959 --> 00:01:19,720 Speaker 1: At about three eleven pm local time, a nine point 18 00:01:19,760 --> 00:01:23,399 Speaker 1: five magnitude earthquake hit about one hundred miles off the 19 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:26,679 Speaker 1: coast of southern til though some estimates have put it 20 00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:29,560 Speaker 1: at a nine point four or a nine point six. 21 00:01:30,840 --> 00:01:33,600 Speaker 1: The epicenter of the earthquake was in the Pacific Ocean 22 00:01:33,880 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: near the town of Lumaco, though the city most affected 23 00:01:37,240 --> 00:01:41,560 Speaker 1: by the quake was Baldivia. It was a megathrust earthquake, 24 00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:44,800 Speaker 1: or a large earthquake that occurs in a subduction zone 25 00:01:45,160 --> 00:01:49,640 Speaker 1: where one tectonic plate is thrust under another. This quake 26 00:01:49,680 --> 00:01:52,120 Speaker 1: happened when a six and twenty mile long part of 27 00:01:52,120 --> 00:01:54,920 Speaker 1: the Nazca Plate, an oceanic plate that makes up a 28 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:58,160 Speaker 1: big part of the Pacific Ocean floor, plunged under the 29 00:01:58,200 --> 00:02:02,560 Speaker 1: South American Plate. It was and still is the largest 30 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:07,480 Speaker 1: earthquake ever instrumentally recorded. The seismic main stock lowered a 31 00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:10,440 Speaker 1: quarter of Chile's outer coast by a few feet, and 32 00:02:10,560 --> 00:02:14,680 Speaker 1: it expanded the area of the country. The earth movement 33 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:19,200 Speaker 1: triggered a bunch of other natural disasters like tsunamis landslides, 34 00:02:19,280 --> 00:02:23,280 Speaker 1: a flood of volcanic eruption, and a sage or surface 35 00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:28,720 Speaker 1: oscillation on a lake in Argentina. Subsidence or sinking of 36 00:02:28,760 --> 00:02:31,880 Speaker 1: the ground due to the earthquake caused flooding in Chile 37 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:37,399 Speaker 1: that changed the impactic shorelines and made marine navigational charts obsolete. 38 00:02:38,639 --> 00:02:42,040 Speaker 1: The tsunami that the earthquake triggered caused deaths and damage 39 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:46,680 Speaker 1: as far away as Hawaii, Japan, and the Philippines. At 40 00:02:46,720 --> 00:02:50,080 Speaker 1: Hilo Bay, on the main island of Hawaii, huge waves 41 00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:53,919 Speaker 1: killed sixty one people. Waves up to eighteen feet are 42 00:02:54,040 --> 00:02:58,440 Speaker 1: five point five meters hit Hanshu, Japan's main island, killing 43 00:02:58,440 --> 00:03:01,880 Speaker 1: a hundred and thirty eight people and destroying sixteen hundred homes. 44 00:03:02,919 --> 00:03:06,519 Speaker 1: The tsunami even caused damage in Los Angeles, San Diego 45 00:03:06,639 --> 00:03:11,280 Speaker 1: and Long Beach, California. In the Philippines, the tsunami cause 46 00:03:11,400 --> 00:03:15,160 Speaker 1: at least twenty one deaths. Waves were observed in the 47 00:03:15,160 --> 00:03:19,080 Speaker 1: Pacific Ocean Basin, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, 48 00:03:19,480 --> 00:03:24,520 Speaker 1: making it the first globally recorded tsunami. Some seizmologists have 49 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:28,200 Speaker 1: linked the eruption of the cordoned Callier Volcano and Tiles 50 00:03:28,280 --> 00:03:31,520 Speaker 1: Lake district to the earthquake, as it erupted on May 51 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:37,800 Speaker 1: after about forty years of inactivity. Other earthquakes occurred in 52 00:03:37,840 --> 00:03:41,760 Speaker 1: the region in the sixteenth, eighteenth, and nineteenth centuries, and 53 00:03:41,840 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: many after shocks followed in the months after the nineteen 54 00:03:44,720 --> 00:03:49,440 Speaker 1: sixty Valdivia quake. The global impact of the tsunami led 55 00:03:49,480 --> 00:03:52,360 Speaker 1: to the creation of the Pacific Tsunami Warning System. In 56 00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:58,480 Speaker 1: nineteen sixty and eight point eight magnitude quake occurred off 57 00:03:58,520 --> 00:04:03,960 Speaker 1: the coast of Central Chile. Scientists suggested that earthquake may 58 00:04:04,000 --> 00:04:06,080 Speaker 1: have been the result of the stress build up from 59 00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:11,040 Speaker 1: the nineteen sixty earthquake. I'm Eve Steff Coote and hopefully 60 00:04:11,120 --> 00:04:13,640 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 61 00:04:13,680 --> 00:04:17,680 Speaker 1: did yesterday. If there's something that I missed in an episode, 62 00:04:18,000 --> 00:04:21,160 Speaker 1: you can share it with everybody else on Twitter, Instagram 63 00:04:21,279 --> 00:04:26,320 Speaker 1: or Facebook. At t d i h C podcast We'll 64 00:04:26,360 --> 00:04:41,640 Speaker 1: see you tomorrow. Hello everyone, I'm Eves and welcome to 65 00:04:41,680 --> 00:04:44,240 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class, a podcast for people who 66 00:04:44,360 --> 00:04:46,680 Speaker 1: really take to heart the saying you learn something new 67 00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:55,600 Speaker 1: every day. The day was made twenty two, nineteen fifteen. 68 00:04:56,680 --> 00:04:59,960 Speaker 1: An explosive eruption of Flash and Peak in northern California 69 00:05:00,560 --> 00:05:04,600 Speaker 1: devastated the areas around the volcano. Lastin Peak is an 70 00:05:04,600 --> 00:05:07,480 Speaker 1: active volcano at the southern end of the Cascade Range. 71 00:05:07,960 --> 00:05:10,599 Speaker 1: It stands at about ten thousand feet or three thousand 72 00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:13,760 Speaker 1: meters tall. It was formed from a series of volcanic 73 00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:17,360 Speaker 1: eruptions about twenty seven thousand years ago, and it's a 74 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:20,440 Speaker 1: lava dome, which are formed when viscus lava is extruded 75 00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:24,320 Speaker 1: from a volcanic event. The areas around Lastin Peak have 76 00:05:24,440 --> 00:05:28,080 Speaker 1: historically been meeting points for Native Americans, but more white 77 00:05:28,080 --> 00:05:31,600 Speaker 1: people moved to the area after the California Gold Rush. 78 00:05:32,000 --> 00:05:35,360 Speaker 1: In nineteen o seven, U S. President Theodore Roosevelt proclaimed 79 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:38,839 Speaker 1: Lastin Peak a National monument, but some people were hoping 80 00:05:38,880 --> 00:05:41,679 Speaker 1: for the creation of a national park around Lastin Peak. 81 00:05:42,680 --> 00:05:46,960 Speaker 1: In nineteen eleven, President William H. Taft recommended the establishment 82 00:05:47,000 --> 00:05:50,080 Speaker 1: of a Bureau of National Parks, and in nineteen twelve, 83 00:05:50,240 --> 00:05:53,279 Speaker 1: Congress began holding hearings on the creation of a National 84 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:58,599 Speaker 1: Park Service. California Congressman John E. Raker supported the creation 85 00:05:58,680 --> 00:06:01,680 Speaker 1: of a National Park Service and introduced a bill to 86 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:05,960 Speaker 1: establish a Peter Lassen National Park, named after a Danish 87 00:06:05,960 --> 00:06:10,320 Speaker 1: American blacksmith and prospector, but the bill failed, and later 88 00:06:10,400 --> 00:06:14,880 Speaker 1: bills also failed in nineteen thirteen and nineteen fourteen. But 89 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:19,920 Speaker 1: on May thirtieth, nineteen fourteen, eruptive activity began at Lassen Peak, 90 00:06:20,400 --> 00:06:23,160 Speaker 1: a small free attic eruption took place at a vent 91 00:06:23,279 --> 00:06:26,040 Speaker 1: near its summit. A free atic eruption is one that 92 00:06:26,120 --> 00:06:28,799 Speaker 1: is caused by the heating and expansion of ground water. 93 00:06:29,640 --> 00:06:32,320 Speaker 1: Over the next year, more than one hundred and fifty 94 00:06:32,360 --> 00:06:36,360 Speaker 1: explosions occurred. This was the beginning of an eruptive period 95 00:06:36,400 --> 00:06:40,320 Speaker 1: for Lassen Peak, but in mid May of nineteen fifteen, 96 00:06:40,480 --> 00:06:44,039 Speaker 1: the eruptions changed. Lava appeared in the summit crater and 97 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:47,960 Speaker 1: flowed over the crater's walls. On May nineteenth, a stream 98 00:06:48,040 --> 00:06:51,239 Speaker 1: of molten lava sent an avalanche of hot rock into snow, 99 00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:55,640 Speaker 1: causing a lahar or mud flow, and at around four 100 00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:58,839 Speaker 1: pm on May twenty two, there was an explosive eruption 101 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:02,880 Speaker 1: at Lassen Peak. The blast scent rock, fragments, and pummice. 102 00:07:03,040 --> 00:07:06,200 Speaker 1: High above the volcano. A column of volcanic gas and 103 00:07:06,320 --> 00:07:09,160 Speaker 1: ash rose more than thirty thousand feet into the air. 104 00:07:09,640 --> 00:07:13,440 Speaker 1: A pyroclastic flow made of hot ash, pummice, rock fragments, 105 00:07:13,480 --> 00:07:16,720 Speaker 1: and gas made its way down the side of the volcano. 106 00:07:17,520 --> 00:07:20,480 Speaker 1: That flow melted snow and turned into a lahar that 107 00:07:20,520 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: flooded the lower Hat Creek valley. There were other smaller 108 00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,520 Speaker 1: mud flows on all sides of Lastin Peak. The eruption 109 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:31,040 Speaker 1: also deposited a layer of pummice and ash that reached 110 00:07:31,080 --> 00:07:33,720 Speaker 1: as far as twenty five miles northeast of the peak, 111 00:07:34,280 --> 00:07:37,720 Speaker 1: and volcanic ash ragned as far away as Elko, Nevada, 112 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:40,400 Speaker 1: which was two hundred and eighty miles to the east. 113 00:07:41,440 --> 00:07:45,960 Speaker 1: The May eruption was caught on camera, notably by Benjamin F. Loomis. 114 00:07:46,200 --> 00:07:48,920 Speaker 1: It was the most powerful in a series of eruptions 115 00:07:49,200 --> 00:07:52,760 Speaker 1: that occurred in the Cascades between nineteen fourteen and nineteen seventeen. 116 00:07:53,640 --> 00:07:56,840 Speaker 1: Especially strong steam eruptions form the Northern Crater on the 117 00:07:56,920 --> 00:08:02,640 Speaker 1: volcano Summit and steam eruptions continued and till in December 118 00:08:02,720 --> 00:08:06,200 Speaker 1: of nineteen fifteen. Raker introduced another bill to establish a 119 00:08:06,320 --> 00:08:10,160 Speaker 1: national park, and this time it passed. Last and Volcanic 120 00:08:10,240 --> 00:08:13,960 Speaker 1: National Park was established in nineteen sixteen. Last and A 121 00:08:14,000 --> 00:08:18,640 Speaker 1: Peak is still an active volcano. I'm Eve Jeff Coote 122 00:08:18,680 --> 00:08:21,400 Speaker 1: and hopefully you know a little more about history today 123 00:08:21,480 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: than you did yesterday. And if you have any comments 124 00:08:24,520 --> 00:08:27,160 Speaker 1: our suggestions you'd like to send us, you can do 125 00:08:27,240 --> 00:08:30,520 Speaker 1: so at this day and I heard media dot com. 126 00:08:30,560 --> 00:08:32,720 Speaker 1: You can also hit a sup on social media, where 127 00:08:32,800 --> 00:08:37,160 Speaker 1: at T T I h C Podcast. Thanks so much 128 00:08:37,160 --> 00:08:47,320 Speaker 1: for listening and we'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts 129 00:08:47,360 --> 00:08:50,319 Speaker 1: from I Heeart Radio, visit the iHeart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, 130 00:08:50,360 --> 00:08:52,040 Speaker 1: or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.