1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:05,359 Speaker 1: Hi, I'm Eves and welcome to This Day in History Class, 2 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:08,400 Speaker 1: a show that uncovers a little bit more about history 3 00:00:08,440 --> 00:00:24,560 Speaker 1: every day. Today is February. The day was February. It 4 00:00:24,720 --> 00:00:28,800 Speaker 1: was the dead of winter in snowy Scotland. But at 5 00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:31,880 Speaker 1: about five o'clock in the morning, more than a hundred 6 00:00:31,920 --> 00:00:35,040 Speaker 1: soldiers who had been quartered in the homes of members 7 00:00:35,080 --> 00:00:39,240 Speaker 1: of the McDonald clan and Glencost Scotland murdered the people 8 00:00:39,560 --> 00:00:42,240 Speaker 1: who they had been staying with for more than a week. 9 00:00:43,960 --> 00:00:48,240 Speaker 1: The soldiers went from north to south Glencoe, gathering troops, 10 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:52,960 Speaker 1: killing McDonald's and burning down homes as they forged a 11 00:00:53,040 --> 00:00:59,640 Speaker 1: murderous path through the blizzard. The soldiers killed around thirty 12 00:00:59,680 --> 00:01:03,520 Speaker 1: eight people that day, and even more died of exposure 13 00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:08,440 Speaker 1: after the attacks ended as they had no homes. The 14 00:01:08,480 --> 00:01:13,520 Speaker 1: Glencoll massacre was a terrible outgrowth of the Glorious Revolution 15 00:01:13,720 --> 00:01:18,360 Speaker 1: and Jacobite Rising in Scotland in the late seventeenth century. 16 00:01:19,240 --> 00:01:21,760 Speaker 1: King James the Second of England and the seventh of 17 00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:26,800 Speaker 1: Scotland was Catholic and Protestants weren't so happy when he 18 00:01:26,840 --> 00:01:30,880 Speaker 1: gave birth to his son and heir, James Francis Edward Stewart, 19 00:01:31,240 --> 00:01:33,520 Speaker 1: who was set to be another Catholic in the line 20 00:01:33,520 --> 00:01:39,240 Speaker 1: of succession. Between this and his other perceived wrongs to Protestants, 21 00:01:39,840 --> 00:01:42,119 Speaker 1: he wasn't going to be able to keep his seat 22 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:46,480 Speaker 1: on the throne much longer. Civil unrest and anti Catholic 23 00:01:46,520 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: writing were on the rise, so in six a group 24 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:55,680 Speaker 1: of higher ups in England invited William of Orange, a Protestant, 25 00:01:56,080 --> 00:02:00,400 Speaker 1: to take the English throne. James was deposed and went 26 00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:04,600 Speaker 1: into exile, and William and Mary became joint monarchs in 27 00:02:04,680 --> 00:02:09,480 Speaker 1: sixteen eighty nine. But not everybody was cool with William 28 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:13,600 Speaker 1: and Mary's rain. Some people were still loyal to King 29 00:02:13,680 --> 00:02:18,359 Speaker 1: James the Second and the House of Stewart. Those people 30 00:02:18,400 --> 00:02:21,640 Speaker 1: who supported King James the Second and his descendants and 31 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:24,800 Speaker 1: wanted the House of Stewart back on the throne became 32 00:02:24,880 --> 00:02:30,400 Speaker 1: known as Jacobites. Obviously, William and Mary weren't too keen 33 00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:34,840 Speaker 1: on people who weren't loyal to them. They figured that 34 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:38,040 Speaker 1: the Jacobites were ticking bombs and they needed to do 35 00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:43,720 Speaker 1: something about them. Since many Scottish clans were still loyal 36 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,800 Speaker 1: to King James the Second, the new government tried to 37 00:02:47,800 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: get the clans loyalty by offering indemnity to all chiefs 38 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:56,000 Speaker 1: who signed an oath of allegiance before January one six, 39 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:01,560 Speaker 1: and if they didn't take the oath well, that would 40 00:03:01,560 --> 00:03:06,040 Speaker 1: force the government to respond with fire. So the chiefs 41 00:03:06,080 --> 00:03:10,520 Speaker 1: took the oath, but logistically it was difficult for them 42 00:03:10,520 --> 00:03:13,360 Speaker 1: to actually sign the oath because they had to have 43 00:03:13,400 --> 00:03:17,160 Speaker 1: a magistrate or sheriff as witness, and winters in Scotland 44 00:03:17,280 --> 00:03:21,960 Speaker 1: could be cruel. Some clans were also already tied up 45 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:24,880 Speaker 1: in an oath with James Stewart, so they had to 46 00:03:24,919 --> 00:03:28,400 Speaker 1: wait until mid December to be released from that agreement. 47 00:03:29,720 --> 00:03:33,760 Speaker 1: Alistair McClain, the chief of the McDonald clan, was one 48 00:03:33,800 --> 00:03:37,240 Speaker 1: of many chiefs who didn't make the January first deadline. 49 00:03:38,680 --> 00:03:41,360 Speaker 1: He would have made the deadline, but there was no 50 00:03:41,480 --> 00:03:45,200 Speaker 1: sheriff available to accept his oath at Fort William and 51 00:03:45,280 --> 00:03:49,760 Speaker 1: he had to wait until January six. Either way, the 52 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:53,440 Speaker 1: other chiefs who missed the deadline were given indemnity, but 53 00:03:53,520 --> 00:04:00,040 Speaker 1: Alistair McClane wasn't. Instead, Scotland's Secretary of State ordered of 54 00:04:00,160 --> 00:04:04,000 Speaker 1: McDonald's to be punished with the utmost extremity of the law. 55 00:04:05,320 --> 00:04:09,920 Speaker 1: Soldiers in Archibald Campbell's Argyle regiment were sent to slaughter 56 00:04:10,120 --> 00:04:14,400 Speaker 1: the McDonald's, but they didn't show up with guns blazing. 57 00:04:15,560 --> 00:04:19,400 Speaker 1: The soldiers arrived at the McDonald's homes in Glenco in 58 00:04:19,480 --> 00:04:23,480 Speaker 1: early February, asking if they could stay there because Fort 59 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:28,680 Speaker 1: William was full. The McDonald's agreed to quarter them as 60 00:04:28,800 --> 00:04:32,760 Speaker 1: was customary, and the soldiers stayed in the McDonald's homes 61 00:04:32,839 --> 00:04:38,239 Speaker 1: for twelve days. But on February, as the blizzard raged 62 00:04:38,320 --> 00:04:43,640 Speaker 1: through Glenco, the soldiers began killing their hosts and destroying property, 63 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:46,920 Speaker 1: committing the massacre they had been ordered to carry out. 64 00:04:48,360 --> 00:04:51,600 Speaker 1: The Campbells, who were a rival clan of the McDonald's, 65 00:04:51,600 --> 00:04:54,760 Speaker 1: made up a lot of the soldiers, and the Campbells 66 00:04:54,760 --> 00:04:58,279 Speaker 1: have said that they were responsible for the atrocities that day, 67 00:04:59,000 --> 00:05:01,360 Speaker 1: but it's been said that some of the Campbell soldiers 68 00:05:01,680 --> 00:05:04,080 Speaker 1: may have told their hosts what was about to happen. 69 00:05:05,480 --> 00:05:10,479 Speaker 1: And years later the Scottish Parliament declared the massacre slaughter 70 00:05:10,760 --> 00:05:16,440 Speaker 1: under trust. I'm Eaves Deathcote and hopefully you know a 71 00:05:16,440 --> 00:05:21,680 Speaker 1: little more about history today than you did yesterday. If 72 00:05:21,720 --> 00:05:24,599 Speaker 1: you like to know more about the Glencoe massacre and 73 00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:28,360 Speaker 1: other tidbits from History. Listen to the episode of Stuff 74 00:05:28,400 --> 00:05:32,320 Speaker 1: you Missed in History class called six Impossible Episodes by request, 75 00:05:33,480 --> 00:05:34,440 Speaker 1: We'll see you tomorrow.