1 00:00:00,440 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Hey, everybody, we're going on tour in eighteen and where 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:06,320 Speaker 1: are we going? On April four, we're going to be 3 00:00:06,320 --> 00:00:08,600 Speaker 1: in Boston at the Wilburg. You can get tickets at 4 00:00:08,640 --> 00:00:11,600 Speaker 1: the Wilber dot com, Chuck. And then on April five, 5 00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:13,800 Speaker 1: we're gonna be in d C at the Lincoln Theater 6 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:15,640 Speaker 1: and you can get tickets for that at ticket fly 7 00:00:15,960 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 1: that's right. And then we're going to two new cities, 8 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:20,920 Speaker 1: right yep. On May we're gonna be in St. Louis. 9 00:00:20,960 --> 00:00:24,080 Speaker 1: You can get tickets on Ticketmaster. And on May twenty three, 10 00:00:24,160 --> 00:00:26,200 Speaker 1: we're gonna be in Cleveland and you can get tickets 11 00:00:26,200 --> 00:00:29,080 Speaker 1: there at playhouse Square dot org. And then there's one more, Chuck, 12 00:00:29,160 --> 00:00:32,080 Speaker 1: that's right. We're gonna wrap it up in Denver, specifically Inglewood, 13 00:00:32,080 --> 00:00:36,400 Speaker 1: Colorado at the Gothic Theater on June and possibly adding 14 00:00:36,400 --> 00:00:38,800 Speaker 1: a show on the twenty seven. Stay tuned for that, yep. 15 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:41,400 Speaker 1: And you can get ticks at a x S dot com. 16 00:00:41,440 --> 00:00:44,200 Speaker 1: So come see us live. We'll have a good time. 17 00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: Come on out. Welcome to Stuff you should know from 18 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:58,560 Speaker 1: House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. 19 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: I'm Josh Clark and they're is Charles w Chuck Bryant, 20 00:01:01,680 --> 00:01:05,160 Speaker 1: and there's Jerry over there, and this is stuff you 21 00:01:05,200 --> 00:01:10,480 Speaker 1: should know in Black History month. Toda, how you doing? Man? 22 00:01:11,160 --> 00:01:14,600 Speaker 1: I'm tired? Are you? You've been burning the candles at 23 00:01:14,640 --> 00:01:17,240 Speaker 1: all three ends? Uh? I didn't know candles had three ends. 24 00:01:17,319 --> 00:01:19,560 Speaker 1: And look look at it when they work as hard 25 00:01:19,600 --> 00:01:22,520 Speaker 1: as you check, they got three inns. So bright, How 26 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:26,280 Speaker 1: are you doing? You holding up at least? I don't know. 27 00:01:27,040 --> 00:01:32,759 Speaker 1: It's TVD I Now you see these uh see these circles. Yeah, 28 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:35,080 Speaker 1: they're a little pronounced. I wasn't gonna say anything, but 29 00:01:35,240 --> 00:01:39,560 Speaker 1: that's fine. Yeah. I guess when that circles their half moons? 30 00:01:40,480 --> 00:01:43,400 Speaker 1: Yeah there, um, well they're half moons the size of 31 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:45,600 Speaker 1: half dollars. A lot of people say circles into their 32 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:48,640 Speaker 1: eyes when they're not to circles. I wonder if they're 33 00:01:48,760 --> 00:01:50,960 Speaker 1: just seeing the rest of it, like their mind is 34 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:55,680 Speaker 1: filling in the rest. Maybe they're all just insane seeing 35 00:01:55,720 --> 00:01:58,720 Speaker 1: something we're not maybe so well. At any rate, we're 36 00:01:58,760 --> 00:02:01,280 Speaker 1: all pulling for you. You need any super anything. Now, 37 00:02:01,360 --> 00:02:03,920 Speaker 1: Jerry's got that as you can smell. Yeah, it's kind 38 00:02:03,920 --> 00:02:09,400 Speaker 1: of nice. This this stage chairs. What is that? It's her? Well, 39 00:02:10,200 --> 00:02:14,600 Speaker 1: she won't talk so right, She's just she's doing sign 40 00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:21,760 Speaker 1: language for Ramen. I love Rahman. Don't you sure? Nothing 41 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:27,640 Speaker 1: perched up like Ramen except a really great history story. 42 00:02:28,880 --> 00:02:31,800 Speaker 1: That's right, we're gonna do that today. Way to go 43 00:02:32,280 --> 00:02:35,640 Speaker 1: choosing this one, Chuck, is this was this a request 44 00:02:35,639 --> 00:02:37,120 Speaker 1: of yours or did just so happened it was on 45 00:02:37,160 --> 00:02:39,520 Speaker 1: the site? No, I just you know, I've been wanting 46 00:02:39,520 --> 00:02:44,000 Speaker 1: to cover more famous women in history, and um, obviously 47 00:02:44,120 --> 00:02:47,080 Speaker 1: during Black History months, this is a perfect time to 48 00:02:47,080 --> 00:02:51,000 Speaker 1: talk about Harriet Tubman. And this article points out and 49 00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:57,839 Speaker 1: I thought very astutely like her legend in her her 50 00:02:58,320 --> 00:03:04,640 Speaker 1: icon ship, I I kind of classic could chip Yes, 51 00:03:05,240 --> 00:03:08,640 Speaker 1: uh is so great that? Um? I think sometimes a 52 00:03:08,639 --> 00:03:10,959 Speaker 1: lot of people may not even know the nitty gritty 53 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:14,040 Speaker 1: details of her life, you know, I mean, I I know, 54 00:03:14,160 --> 00:03:17,040 Speaker 1: I didn't. I I was, you know, raised in America 55 00:03:17,240 --> 00:03:20,600 Speaker 1: in the seventies and eighties as a school kid into 56 00:03:20,639 --> 00:03:24,000 Speaker 1: the mid nineties, we could even say, um, and I 57 00:03:24,320 --> 00:03:26,560 Speaker 1: like I knew of Harriet Tubman. I was taught to 58 00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:29,400 Speaker 1: honor and respect her for what she did as a 59 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: conductor on the underground railroad. What I didn't know is 60 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:36,480 Speaker 1: that that was about a third of the reason why 61 00:03:36,600 --> 00:03:40,680 Speaker 1: she's famous and legendary. Yeah. I mean the school lessons 62 00:03:40,680 --> 00:03:44,280 Speaker 1: were shamefully short, because that's about all I learned was 63 00:03:45,160 --> 00:03:48,960 Speaker 1: just about the underground railroad her her role in it 64 00:03:49,320 --> 00:03:53,040 Speaker 1: to a very limited degree. Um that they taught us 65 00:03:53,040 --> 00:03:55,880 Speaker 1: that it's not her role, and that was kind of it. Yeah. 66 00:03:56,680 --> 00:03:59,600 Speaker 1: But the fact that, like I mean, there's so much 67 00:03:59,640 --> 00:04:02,480 Speaker 1: more to this woman's life. She just did so much. 68 00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:05,160 Speaker 1: She packed so much life in, whether it was by 69 00:04:05,160 --> 00:04:07,400 Speaker 1: her own accord or against her will, she just had 70 00:04:07,440 --> 00:04:11,920 Speaker 1: a very long, full life. Um. And the fact that 71 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:16,960 Speaker 1: we know about the the life of a nineteenth mid 72 00:04:17,080 --> 00:04:22,880 Speaker 1: nineteenth century black woman who was born a slave in Maryland, 73 00:04:23,160 --> 00:04:25,839 Speaker 1: that we know this much about it really speaks volumes. 74 00:04:25,839 --> 00:04:27,800 Speaker 1: I'm glad that there's this much out there, and it 75 00:04:27,839 --> 00:04:29,840 Speaker 1: seems like there's more and more being added to it 76 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:32,720 Speaker 1: every day. Yeah, it definitely helps that. Uh. In the 77 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:36,400 Speaker 1: eighteen sixties, there was a very famous biography written by 78 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:41,520 Speaker 1: Sarah Hopkins Bradford, one of the earlier biographies in UM. 79 00:04:41,520 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 1: Since then, we've learned some more stuff and cleaned up 80 00:04:43,760 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: a bit of the truth from the legend. But you know, 81 00:04:47,240 --> 00:04:49,680 Speaker 1: it only got better yeah. I mean, if it's just 82 00:04:50,240 --> 00:04:53,839 Speaker 1: the stuff that is verifiable fact is still just astounding. 83 00:04:53,920 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 1: It kind of makes me feel like a lump and 84 00:04:55,600 --> 00:04:58,719 Speaker 1: a loser. Look, I'm not I'm not doing much with 85 00:04:58,800 --> 00:05:02,599 Speaker 1: my life. Well, we're teaching people about Harriet tubban It lea, 86 00:05:02,720 --> 00:05:05,760 Speaker 1: so it counts for something, I guess. All right, so 87 00:05:05,800 --> 00:05:09,400 Speaker 1: you want to start at the beginning. Yeah, in the beginning, 88 00:05:09,720 --> 00:05:14,000 Speaker 1: of course, because Harriet tubman Um was born. When she 89 00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:18,200 Speaker 1: was born, there weren't great birth records for for black 90 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:20,560 Speaker 1: people in the United States at the time, so we 91 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:23,960 Speaker 1: don't know for sure when she was born. Um eighteen 92 00:05:24,000 --> 00:05:26,560 Speaker 1: twenty five is what she has claimed on various documents 93 00:05:26,640 --> 00:05:31,000 Speaker 1: later in life. But I've seen everywhere from eighteen eighty five, 94 00:05:31,120 --> 00:05:34,320 Speaker 1: so somewhere in that range. Yeah, this article in how 95 00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:37,320 Speaker 1: staff Work says eighteen twenty two. I've seen that in 96 00:05:37,360 --> 00:05:41,279 Speaker 1: various places too, and that is shameful in and of itself. Yeah, 97 00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,400 Speaker 1: but again, like it's not like the people who were 98 00:05:44,440 --> 00:05:47,360 Speaker 1: not keeping records on slave births at the time. We're like, well, 99 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:49,359 Speaker 1: this lady is actually going to grow up to be 100 00:05:49,440 --> 00:05:51,960 Speaker 1: one of the most legendary women in American history, so 101 00:05:52,000 --> 00:05:55,120 Speaker 1: we should probably note this. Um. The thing is is, 102 00:05:55,160 --> 00:05:58,359 Speaker 1: even though they didn't, they didn't note her birth because 103 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:00,120 Speaker 1: they didn't realize how famous she was going to be. 104 00:06:01,279 --> 00:06:04,320 Speaker 1: She started to make a name for herself pretty early 105 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,200 Speaker 1: on in life. Um. She had about five years to 106 00:06:08,279 --> 00:06:10,240 Speaker 1: kind of be raised as a child before she was 107 00:06:10,320 --> 00:06:15,760 Speaker 1: hired out as a basically an infant rocker. Her job 108 00:06:15,880 --> 00:06:18,239 Speaker 1: was to stay up at night and rock and infant 109 00:06:18,279 --> 00:06:21,360 Speaker 1: to make sure that the infant didn't cry. And every 110 00:06:21,360 --> 00:06:24,760 Speaker 1: time the infant cried, she would, um get a lashing 111 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:28,640 Speaker 1: from what I understand. Yeah, and just reading through kind 112 00:06:28,680 --> 00:06:33,720 Speaker 1: of her early life, it seems like, um, well let 113 00:06:33,720 --> 00:06:35,960 Speaker 1: me couch that for one second. She was one of 114 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:39,599 Speaker 1: nine children born in like you said, in Maryland and 115 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:47,000 Speaker 1: Dorchester County unless they pronounce it Dorster Doyly Doyle County 116 00:06:47,839 --> 00:06:50,599 Speaker 1: which is along the eastern shore, to Benjamin Ross and 117 00:06:50,680 --> 00:06:54,960 Speaker 1: Harriet uh Rit Green h and her she was actually 118 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:59,279 Speaker 1: born are very beautiful name, are Amanta Ross. Yeah, I 119 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:01,600 Speaker 1: had no idea about that, did you know? And her 120 00:07:01,640 --> 00:07:05,080 Speaker 1: parents called her Minty Minty Ross, which is just a 121 00:07:05,160 --> 00:07:08,000 Speaker 1: very kind of cute nickname for a kid, it is. 122 00:07:08,480 --> 00:07:13,600 Speaker 1: And she was actually a third generation slave in America. 123 00:07:13,800 --> 00:07:18,720 Speaker 1: Her grandmother on her maternal side was named Modesty, and 124 00:07:19,160 --> 00:07:21,520 Speaker 1: her family has done some research and have concluded that 125 00:07:21,880 --> 00:07:25,840 Speaker 1: Modesty was almost certainly um from the Ashanti group and 126 00:07:25,960 --> 00:07:30,960 Speaker 1: was stolen either from the Ivory Coast or Ghana and 127 00:07:30,960 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: then was taken eventually to Maryland where she was owned 128 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:39,160 Speaker 1: by a guy named Athol Pattison. Is that right, Pattison? 129 00:07:39,560 --> 00:07:42,320 Speaker 1: I think so. The thing about that and the reason 130 00:07:42,360 --> 00:07:44,720 Speaker 1: why this guy really kind of figures into the story 131 00:07:44,760 --> 00:07:50,240 Speaker 1: in a cringe worthy way. Athol Pattison um who then 132 00:07:50,360 --> 00:07:54,760 Speaker 1: owned Harriet Tubman's grandmother and then mother, and then Harriet 133 00:07:54,800 --> 00:07:58,680 Speaker 1: and her siblings because they were all from the same line. 134 00:07:59,640 --> 00:08:03,480 Speaker 1: He had in his will that when when any of 135 00:08:03,520 --> 00:08:06,360 Speaker 1: them turned forty five they were free, they were what 136 00:08:06,480 --> 00:08:10,640 Speaker 1: was called manumitted. The problem is that he was dead, 137 00:08:11,040 --> 00:08:13,320 Speaker 1: so he wasn't around to enforce his will, and that 138 00:08:13,400 --> 00:08:18,000 Speaker 1: actually never happened. So even though on paper, legally Harriet Tubman, 139 00:08:18,200 --> 00:08:20,840 Speaker 1: all of her siblings, her mother, and her grandmother all 140 00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:23,760 Speaker 1: should have been manumitted whenever they hit age forty five, 141 00:08:24,080 --> 00:08:27,000 Speaker 1: absolutely none of them were. Yeah, and her father did 142 00:08:27,000 --> 00:08:29,440 Speaker 1: gain his freedom, but was still married to a woman 143 00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:33,000 Speaker 1: who uh did not have her freedom. Uh. And you 144 00:08:33,040 --> 00:08:35,720 Speaker 1: don't hear about this a lot in in the history 145 00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:41,960 Speaker 1: books where families were um divided between free and owned, um, 146 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:44,920 Speaker 1: which makes a bad situation even worse, you know. Yeah, 147 00:08:44,920 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: And I'd like to look into that because that kind 148 00:08:46,760 --> 00:08:49,600 Speaker 1: of popped up here there and almost casually, you know, 149 00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:53,079 Speaker 1: like without much explanation. So I wonder what that was like. 150 00:08:53,679 --> 00:08:55,880 Speaker 1: Was it was it just like, you know, you both 151 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:58,360 Speaker 1: went to work and did basically the same labor, but 152 00:08:58,679 --> 00:09:02,480 Speaker 1: one of you, um was paid for it. Uh? Was 153 00:09:02,559 --> 00:09:07,800 Speaker 1: there like less like physical punishment or coercion? Like what 154 00:09:07,840 --> 00:09:12,240 Speaker 1: was the distinction? Yeah, I'm not really sure, um, but 155 00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:14,360 Speaker 1: like you are, you know, what I was setting up 156 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:19,560 Speaker 1: was after she worked as a as a childcare baby 157 00:09:19,640 --> 00:09:22,520 Speaker 1: rocker of sorts and got whipped on the neck by 158 00:09:22,720 --> 00:09:26,040 Speaker 1: the woman of the house every time her baby cried, 159 00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:29,800 Speaker 1: which that's you know, that's a whole other thing. Yeah, 160 00:09:29,840 --> 00:09:33,559 Speaker 1: and again she's five at the time, five years old. Um. 161 00:09:33,679 --> 00:09:36,080 Speaker 1: She went on to work on the farm later on 162 00:09:36,120 --> 00:09:39,440 Speaker 1: when she got a little older, and by all accounts, UM, 163 00:09:39,920 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 1: for the rest of her her working life, her you know, 164 00:09:43,080 --> 00:09:46,560 Speaker 1: as a slave, was much preferred working on the farm 165 00:09:46,600 --> 00:09:48,640 Speaker 1: and basically like, I don't want to work for these 166 00:09:48,679 --> 00:09:52,280 Speaker 1: white women. Um, they're worse than the men, right, or 167 00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:54,960 Speaker 1: at least in her case. Plus also, I mean she 168 00:09:55,080 --> 00:10:00,000 Speaker 1: was pretty able bodied. She supposedly was super muscular from 169 00:10:00,120 --> 00:10:02,839 Speaker 1: doing um physical labor for so many years. It was 170 00:10:02,880 --> 00:10:06,320 Speaker 1: pretty good at it. Five tall and um from what 171 00:10:06,400 --> 00:10:08,920 Speaker 1: I could tell, just as strong as could be. Right, 172 00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:14,960 Speaker 1: So um she the the owners of her family, um 173 00:10:15,040 --> 00:10:19,360 Speaker 1: Ethyl Pattison's daughter and son in law. They were um 174 00:10:19,800 --> 00:10:24,240 Speaker 1: kind of like Michael Fossbender's family in twelve years of 175 00:10:24,320 --> 00:10:27,960 Speaker 1: slave They were not at all wealthy plantation owners, but 176 00:10:28,160 --> 00:10:32,560 Speaker 1: they were just out of the social hierarchy at the 177 00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:37,920 Speaker 1: time able to afford and keep slaves. But rather, since 178 00:10:37,960 --> 00:10:40,400 Speaker 1: they didn't have a huge plantation for their slaves to 179 00:10:40,440 --> 00:10:43,960 Speaker 1: work on, they would hire them out. That's how, um 180 00:10:44,080 --> 00:10:48,560 Speaker 1: how Harry ended up like working at age five rocking babies, 181 00:10:48,960 --> 00:10:51,680 Speaker 1: or she was hired out to go get muskrats out 182 00:10:51,679 --> 00:10:54,840 Speaker 1: of traps and swamps and stuff like that. Just like basically, 183 00:10:54,880 --> 00:10:58,760 Speaker 1: whatever somebody needed an extra hand for they would contact 184 00:10:58,800 --> 00:11:01,120 Speaker 1: this family and the family would hire out their slaves 185 00:11:01,160 --> 00:11:04,520 Speaker 1: just to make ends meet. Basically, Yeah, that's right, and 186 00:11:04,559 --> 00:11:07,240 Speaker 1: I think most of her brother and sisters did the 187 00:11:07,280 --> 00:11:09,880 Speaker 1: same thing from what I could tell. Uh. And you know, 188 00:11:09,960 --> 00:11:12,160 Speaker 1: she grew up working and eventually they brought her inside 189 00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:15,920 Speaker 1: his housemaid, even though she preferred to be outside. And 190 00:11:16,040 --> 00:11:19,960 Speaker 1: once again, once she was inside, she would be whipped 191 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:22,319 Speaker 1: from the mistress of the house if her work in 192 00:11:22,400 --> 00:11:26,000 Speaker 1: her dusting and her cooking and dishwashing was not adequate 193 00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:30,080 Speaker 1: enough for her. Uh. And you know she suffered. It 194 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:33,439 Speaker 1: was just part of daily life basically until this incident 195 00:11:33,480 --> 00:11:38,960 Speaker 1: as a teenager um really kind of changed things for her. Um. 196 00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:41,240 Speaker 1: She was in a store, uh, and there was a 197 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:45,400 Speaker 1: fugitive slave that was I couldn't quite tells in the 198 00:11:45,480 --> 00:11:47,280 Speaker 1: store or just trying to get out of the store. 199 00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:52,920 Speaker 1: But her overseer went to confront this fugitive slave, and Harriet, 200 00:11:53,360 --> 00:11:56,480 Speaker 1: I guess got the bug of trying to help a 201 00:11:56,520 --> 00:11:59,560 Speaker 1: slave get away early on and literally got in this 202 00:11:59,640 --> 00:12:03,240 Speaker 1: man's way to let this fugitive slave get away. He 203 00:12:03,360 --> 00:12:06,600 Speaker 1: already had this weight, this iron that he was I 204 00:12:06,640 --> 00:12:08,920 Speaker 1: guess trying to swing and throw at this fugitive slave, 205 00:12:08,920 --> 00:12:12,040 Speaker 1: and he end up hitting Harriet in the head uh 206 00:12:12,080 --> 00:12:15,559 Speaker 1: and caused a really severe head injury to her. Yeah. 207 00:12:15,720 --> 00:12:18,239 Speaker 1: For the rest of her life. She had a traumatic 208 00:12:18,240 --> 00:12:20,719 Speaker 1: brain injury, because I mean, getting hit in the head 209 00:12:20,720 --> 00:12:24,000 Speaker 1: with a two pound weight, that's gonna that's bad enough. 210 00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:25,840 Speaker 1: But the fact that's happening in the middle of the 211 00:12:25,960 --> 00:12:29,080 Speaker 1: nineteenth century and there's basically nothing they can do for 212 00:12:29,120 --> 00:12:33,560 Speaker 1: you medically, that yeah, you know, they didn't exactly send 213 00:12:33,600 --> 00:12:36,440 Speaker 1: her to the best hospital in town. So she as 214 00:12:36,480 --> 00:12:39,880 Speaker 1: a result of that brain injury, it's been later diagnosed 215 00:12:39,920 --> 00:12:45,400 Speaker 1: that she developed narcolepsy cataplexy. UM. They called it at 216 00:12:45,400 --> 00:12:50,160 Speaker 1: the time sleeping sickness. But she developed this um, this 217 00:12:50,280 --> 00:12:53,520 Speaker 1: thing where she would just fall asleep out of nowhere. 218 00:12:54,360 --> 00:12:56,200 Speaker 1: No matter what she was doing, she would just fall 219 00:12:56,240 --> 00:13:00,720 Speaker 1: dead asleep and would stay that way for hours sometimes 220 00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:03,240 Speaker 1: and could could not be roused, Like you could not 221 00:13:03,360 --> 00:13:06,920 Speaker 1: wake her up at the time. And then during these periods, UM, 222 00:13:07,040 --> 00:13:10,760 Speaker 1: she said that she would have very vivid, like religious dreams, 223 00:13:11,520 --> 00:13:18,800 Speaker 1: and UM, they kind of attribute her super religiousness. I 224 00:13:18,800 --> 00:13:21,520 Speaker 1: guess you would call it that that really she carried 225 00:13:21,520 --> 00:13:24,320 Speaker 1: throughout her life kind of came from these dreams. She 226 00:13:24,400 --> 00:13:28,080 Speaker 1: was an extremely devout religious person, and UM, a lot 227 00:13:28,120 --> 00:13:30,200 Speaker 1: of it was this idea that she was being kind 228 00:13:30,200 --> 00:13:33,560 Speaker 1: of personally guided by God through her life thanks to 229 00:13:33,600 --> 00:13:37,800 Speaker 1: those dreams, right and this UM that anarcalypse here. The 230 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:41,800 Speaker 1: repercussions from being hit in the head like that did 231 00:13:41,840 --> 00:13:44,400 Speaker 1: not serve her well in her life as a slave either, 232 00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:50,120 Speaker 1: as you can imagine, UM, her overseers did not. UM. 233 00:13:50,200 --> 00:13:52,800 Speaker 1: They were not sympathetic to the fact that she was 234 00:13:52,880 --> 00:13:56,240 Speaker 1: injured and could not be roused. Uh you know what 235 00:13:56,240 --> 00:13:58,960 Speaker 1: I'm saying. Yeah, No, she was like recovering from her 236 00:13:59,000 --> 00:14:01,120 Speaker 1: head injury, still in They were trying to sell her 237 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:04,480 Speaker 1: but couldn't find any buyers. And then I also is 238 00:14:04,600 --> 00:14:07,000 Speaker 1: kind of UM pointed to as one of the driving 239 00:14:07,040 --> 00:14:10,640 Speaker 1: forces for what made her escape finally when she's like, 240 00:14:10,720 --> 00:14:13,160 Speaker 1: I'm out of here. She was very worried about being 241 00:14:13,200 --> 00:14:16,240 Speaker 1: sold off and separated from her family. So she would 242 00:14:16,240 --> 00:14:20,080 Speaker 1: have rather had control of the situation and separated herself 243 00:14:20,120 --> 00:14:23,880 Speaker 1: from her family. She could come back if she needed to. 244 00:14:24,280 --> 00:14:28,080 Speaker 1: So she was worried about being sold off, um, because 245 00:14:28,080 --> 00:14:31,440 Speaker 1: she just couldn't work like the others anymore. And she 246 00:14:32,320 --> 00:14:35,800 Speaker 1: took off an eighteen March eighteen forty nine for the 247 00:14:35,840 --> 00:14:39,400 Speaker 1: first time she escaped. Yeah, and she was married by 248 00:14:39,400 --> 00:14:42,640 Speaker 1: this point. In eighteen forty four, she married a freeman 249 00:14:42,760 --> 00:14:46,160 Speaker 1: named John Tubman Uh and the marriage wouldn't last long, 250 00:14:46,240 --> 00:14:49,840 Speaker 1: but she did keep that name and then began, and 251 00:14:49,880 --> 00:14:52,400 Speaker 1: I'm not sure why, but began using her mother's first name, 252 00:14:52,760 --> 00:14:56,640 Speaker 1: which was Harriet. So that's how she became Harriet Tubman Uh. 253 00:14:56,720 --> 00:15:00,320 Speaker 1: And her husband refused to go basically when she said, 254 00:15:00,320 --> 00:15:03,080 Speaker 1: I'm getting out of here, so she got her brother's 255 00:15:03,160 --> 00:15:06,920 Speaker 1: been in her Henry to run away with her. UM. 256 00:15:07,000 --> 00:15:10,120 Speaker 1: After a couple of weeks on the lamb uh Ben 257 00:15:10,120 --> 00:15:13,000 Speaker 1: in Henry. You know, it was a scary life out 258 00:15:13,000 --> 00:15:16,200 Speaker 1: there as a fugitive slave. UM. And they said, you 259 00:15:16,200 --> 00:15:20,800 Speaker 1: know what, I'm gonna go back, and she said, uh, Well, 260 00:15:20,840 --> 00:15:22,840 Speaker 1: she went back with them initially, but then said you 261 00:15:22,880 --> 00:15:25,320 Speaker 1: know what, I'm I'm out of here. And thence time 262 00:15:25,360 --> 00:15:28,280 Speaker 1: she went all by herself. Yeah. So the following September, 263 00:15:28,320 --> 00:15:33,560 Speaker 1: September seventy nine, she left again by herself, and she um. 264 00:15:33,560 --> 00:15:37,360 Speaker 1: Basically it was a rehearsal for what she would do 265 00:15:37,480 --> 00:15:41,480 Speaker 1: later on as a conductor on the underground railroad. She 266 00:15:41,640 --> 00:15:46,400 Speaker 1: traveled at night. She used the North Star as a guide. UM. 267 00:15:46,560 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 1: She stayed during the day with Quaker families who were 268 00:15:49,480 --> 00:15:53,880 Speaker 1: abolitionists that would hide her um under under the threat 269 00:15:53,880 --> 00:15:57,320 Speaker 1: of persecution and prosecution. I should say this is a 270 00:15:57,360 --> 00:15:59,520 Speaker 1: teen forty nine, so at the time the laws weren't 271 00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:02,080 Speaker 1: quite a strict but as we'll see, they definitely got stricter, 272 00:16:02,560 --> 00:16:04,480 Speaker 1: but it was still like you could, you know, go 273 00:16:04,560 --> 00:16:07,240 Speaker 1: to jail or get in trouble for housing a fugitive 274 00:16:07,280 --> 00:16:09,760 Speaker 1: slave to these people were definitely putting their next on 275 00:16:09,800 --> 00:16:12,400 Speaker 1: the line to help her, And eventually she made her 276 00:16:12,440 --> 00:16:16,240 Speaker 1: way through Delaware and into Pennsylvania, which was a free state, 277 00:16:16,880 --> 00:16:19,240 Speaker 1: um and I don't know if it was ever a 278 00:16:19,280 --> 00:16:22,480 Speaker 1: slate state. I think it was probably founded as a 279 00:16:22,480 --> 00:16:25,920 Speaker 1: free state. And when she got into Pennsylvania, she compared 280 00:16:25,920 --> 00:16:28,720 Speaker 1: it to to showing up in heaven. Basically, Yeah, the 281 00:16:28,760 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 1: sun came like gold through the trees and over the fields, 282 00:16:31,040 --> 00:16:32,840 Speaker 1: and I felt like I was in heaven, is the 283 00:16:32,960 --> 00:16:37,920 Speaker 1: direct quote, which is just a wonderful, wonderful thing to say. 284 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,400 Speaker 1: And like, I can't imagine the feeling after being on 285 00:16:40,440 --> 00:16:43,760 Speaker 1: her own. Her husband wouldn't come, her brothers went back 286 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:48,880 Speaker 1: to be so brave uh to go on her own, 287 00:16:49,240 --> 00:16:51,600 Speaker 1: although she did get help along the way, uh, and 288 00:16:51,640 --> 00:16:55,000 Speaker 1: to finally reach Pennsylvania. Man, It's just unbelievable. So the 289 00:16:55,080 --> 00:16:59,880 Speaker 1: thing is, though, is she apparently always said later in life, 290 00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:01,440 Speaker 1: and a lot of this, we should say, is from 291 00:17:01,480 --> 00:17:06,320 Speaker 1: that biography of her um from Sarah Hopkins Bradford, which 292 00:17:06,320 --> 00:17:08,399 Speaker 1: was contemporary. It was done while she was alive in 293 00:17:08,440 --> 00:17:11,919 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty nine, so this is her telling her own story. 294 00:17:12,359 --> 00:17:15,080 Speaker 1: But she said basically right out of the gate, you know, 295 00:17:15,160 --> 00:17:17,240 Speaker 1: she was glad to be in Pennsylvania, but there was 296 00:17:17,280 --> 00:17:19,520 Speaker 1: a part of her missing, like she left her family behind. 297 00:17:20,359 --> 00:17:25,439 Speaker 1: Her husband was still back there. She never had kids. Uh, 298 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:27,439 Speaker 1: she never gave birth to a kid, but later on 299 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:29,840 Speaker 1: she would adopt a kid. But she had like nieces 300 00:17:29,840 --> 00:17:33,200 Speaker 1: and nephews there, um, and she just felt like her 301 00:17:33,240 --> 00:17:34,960 Speaker 1: her family was back there and they needed to be 302 00:17:35,040 --> 00:17:39,080 Speaker 1: free as well. So she resolved basically from the outset 303 00:17:39,160 --> 00:17:43,160 Speaker 1: to get them whenever she could. And that's a good 304 00:17:43,160 --> 00:17:45,600 Speaker 1: place to take a break. I thought so too, because 305 00:17:45,640 --> 00:17:48,080 Speaker 1: it sets up her work on the underground railroad and 306 00:17:48,080 --> 00:18:16,880 Speaker 1: we'll talk about that right after this, all right, Chuck, 307 00:18:16,920 --> 00:18:21,800 Speaker 1: So we're back eighteen forty nine, and uh, late eighteen 308 00:18:21,840 --> 00:18:26,440 Speaker 1: forty nine, Harriet Tubman has escaped and made it to Pennsylvania. Um, 309 00:18:26,480 --> 00:18:31,960 Speaker 1: and she settled in Philadelphia. She got work as a housekeeper, 310 00:18:32,400 --> 00:18:36,680 Speaker 1: a cook, and she was getting paid now for doing labor, 311 00:18:36,720 --> 00:18:39,320 Speaker 1: which was totally novel to her from what I can tell. 312 00:18:39,760 --> 00:18:43,119 Speaker 1: And what she did with this money rather than like 313 00:18:43,520 --> 00:18:46,760 Speaker 1: go buy some nice stuff or have a ham dinner 314 00:18:47,280 --> 00:18:50,880 Speaker 1: or do whatever with it, she saved it to fund 315 00:18:51,400 --> 00:18:56,000 Speaker 1: her trip back into the slaved states, into Maryland below 316 00:18:56,040 --> 00:18:59,159 Speaker 1: the Mason Dixon line, to retrieve her family. That's what 317 00:18:59,240 --> 00:19:01,240 Speaker 1: she did with her me. Yes, she didn't even get 318 00:19:01,280 --> 00:19:05,040 Speaker 1: Eagles tickets and it would, uh, and it would it 319 00:19:05,040 --> 00:19:08,280 Speaker 1: would actually basically that's the that's the basis of what 320 00:19:08,320 --> 00:19:10,360 Speaker 1: she did with their money for the rest of her 321 00:19:10,359 --> 00:19:13,160 Speaker 1: working life, which is to say the rest of her life. 322 00:19:13,160 --> 00:19:16,200 Speaker 1: She worked her whole life to make ends meet, and 323 00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:18,719 Speaker 1: most of the time it was because she could can 324 00:19:18,880 --> 00:19:22,360 Speaker 1: she could support herself, but she was also supporting other 325 00:19:22,400 --> 00:19:26,520 Speaker 1: people as well, or trying to help other other slaves escape. Yeah. 326 00:19:26,560 --> 00:19:29,560 Speaker 1: So the underground Railroad, Um, we should probably do a 327 00:19:29,600 --> 00:19:31,680 Speaker 1: full episode on that at some point, But oh, my friend, 328 00:19:31,720 --> 00:19:35,560 Speaker 1: we did, did we? June two thousand and eleven? Well, no, wonder, 329 00:19:35,600 --> 00:19:37,560 Speaker 1: I don't remember that. It was a good one I 330 00:19:37,600 --> 00:19:40,520 Speaker 1: was six years ago. That was good. Well, we got 331 00:19:40,520 --> 00:19:42,480 Speaker 1: to bring it out for s Y s K select 332 00:19:42,840 --> 00:19:45,320 Speaker 1: for sure. In fact, maybe we should do that this month. 333 00:19:45,440 --> 00:19:50,159 Speaker 1: Let's do it so I do remember now. It was 334 00:19:50,160 --> 00:19:52,720 Speaker 1: a good one. It was. But the underground railroad was 335 00:19:52,880 --> 00:19:58,400 Speaker 1: a it was. It worked differently depending on who you are. 336 00:19:58,520 --> 00:20:01,120 Speaker 1: There was not one like growing up as a kid 337 00:20:01,160 --> 00:20:05,040 Speaker 1: always thought it was some um direct line. That was. 338 00:20:05,320 --> 00:20:08,479 Speaker 1: They always used the same path. But the underground railroad 339 00:20:08,560 --> 00:20:12,199 Speaker 1: depending on who you were as a conductor, which is 340 00:20:12,240 --> 00:20:16,040 Speaker 1: what they called them, uh, you had your own connections basically, 341 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:18,480 Speaker 1: and and like you said earlier, sometimes they were these 342 00:20:18,840 --> 00:20:23,560 Speaker 1: Quaker families, but um they were always friendlies who would 343 00:20:23,560 --> 00:20:25,600 Speaker 1: help put you up and guide you from spot to 344 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:29,600 Speaker 1: spot along the way. Um. Harriet Tubman ended up using 345 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:33,760 Speaker 1: because she knew these um this land along the coast. 346 00:20:34,200 --> 00:20:38,440 Speaker 1: She would go the route that she knew best as 347 00:20:38,680 --> 00:20:40,919 Speaker 1: a friendly area. And they had all these ways of 348 00:20:40,960 --> 00:20:46,080 Speaker 1: communicating in front of their UH owners and their overseers. 349 00:20:46,800 --> 00:20:49,240 Speaker 1: A lot of times through song. They would use religious 350 00:20:49,280 --> 00:20:53,480 Speaker 1: passages and sing things uh, sing these biblical songs that 351 00:20:53,600 --> 00:20:56,159 Speaker 1: had all these secret messages in it. And of course 352 00:20:56,240 --> 00:20:58,920 Speaker 1: all the while the overseers have no idea that they're 353 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:01,840 Speaker 1: actually sending secret mets. It just a one in there. Uh. Yeah, 354 00:21:01,840 --> 00:21:04,040 Speaker 1: one of them, Chuck was um there that they were 355 00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:07,960 Speaker 1: headed to Canaan, which is meaning you're heading to the 356 00:21:08,160 --> 00:21:11,439 Speaker 1: afterlife heaven, I guess. And what that actually meant in 357 00:21:11,640 --> 00:21:14,879 Speaker 1: code for the slaves who were preparing to escape was 358 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:19,080 Speaker 1: that they were heading towards Canada, which was about as 359 00:21:19,080 --> 00:21:22,359 Speaker 1: free as it gets, it turns out. Yeah. Uh, she 360 00:21:22,680 --> 00:21:26,480 Speaker 1: would go Uh generally during the fall and during the 361 00:21:26,520 --> 00:21:30,040 Speaker 1: spring because the days were shorter and the weather was 362 00:21:30,080 --> 00:21:34,000 Speaker 1: a little more friendly. Um, she would she would leave 363 00:21:34,040 --> 00:21:38,399 Speaker 1: on a Saturday because Sunday the was a day of 364 00:21:38,440 --> 00:21:40,320 Speaker 1: rest for the owner, and they wouldn't find out until 365 00:21:40,359 --> 00:21:44,119 Speaker 1: Monday morning, and it wouldn't be posted and published till Monday. Uh, 366 00:21:44,400 --> 00:21:46,600 Speaker 1: probably not even Monday morning, you know, because it's not 367 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:48,080 Speaker 1: like it was hot off the presses. It would probably 368 00:21:48,119 --> 00:21:50,679 Speaker 1: wouldn't even get until later on Monday. Right. Well, if 369 00:21:50,720 --> 00:21:53,439 Speaker 1: they only published the slave notices once a week, that 370 00:21:53,520 --> 00:21:55,760 Speaker 1: means that the ones that came in on Monday wouldn't 371 00:21:55,760 --> 00:21:57,679 Speaker 1: get published to the following Monday. So we give them 372 00:21:57,720 --> 00:22:01,040 Speaker 1: like a full week of of time to escape. Oh 373 00:22:01,200 --> 00:22:03,400 Speaker 1: did they only publish on Monday? That's what I got. 374 00:22:03,720 --> 00:22:06,080 Speaker 1: Oh okay, I didn't see that, So yeah, so she 375 00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:08,200 Speaker 1: was she was a pretty sharp tack. She would also 376 00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:11,680 Speaker 1: say I'm gonna meet you here. She would pass information 377 00:22:11,720 --> 00:22:13,960 Speaker 1: along to the slaves who were preparing to escape that 378 00:22:14,040 --> 00:22:16,359 Speaker 1: she was going to conduct where to meet, and it 379 00:22:16,440 --> 00:22:20,439 Speaker 1: was um invariably several miles away from where they lived, 380 00:22:20,800 --> 00:22:22,800 Speaker 1: so that it would become very clear if they had 381 00:22:22,880 --> 00:22:24,880 Speaker 1: been followed by the time they met up with her. 382 00:22:25,560 --> 00:22:29,080 Speaker 1: She also kept a pistol very famously with her, not 383 00:22:29,080 --> 00:22:32,000 Speaker 1: not just to protect herself for the people that she 384 00:22:32,080 --> 00:22:35,919 Speaker 1: was conducting, but also to let the people she was 385 00:22:35,960 --> 00:22:38,280 Speaker 1: conducting know that if they decided they were going to 386 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:41,080 Speaker 1: turn back, she was going to shoot him because she 387 00:22:41,200 --> 00:22:44,280 Speaker 1: just couldn't risk them giving them up and betraying the 388 00:22:44,320 --> 00:22:47,040 Speaker 1: rest of the group. So it was once you were 389 00:22:47,480 --> 00:22:50,719 Speaker 1: on on the underground railroad with Harriet Tubman, there was 390 00:22:50,760 --> 00:22:53,119 Speaker 1: no going back. You were going on until you reached 391 00:22:53,119 --> 00:22:54,840 Speaker 1: a free state or were captured. It was one of 392 00:22:54,880 --> 00:22:57,800 Speaker 1: those two. The Tubman train goes in one direction. Yes, 393 00:22:59,440 --> 00:23:01,800 Speaker 1: that's what that was what she put on her cards, 394 00:23:01,840 --> 00:23:03,679 Speaker 1: that's right, and T shirts Actually I think she had 395 00:23:03,680 --> 00:23:07,800 Speaker 1: t shirts too. All right, So she's like you said, 396 00:23:07,840 --> 00:23:11,080 Speaker 1: she doesn't make a trip. She makes trip after trip 397 00:23:11,160 --> 00:23:14,920 Speaker 1: after trip. Uh. There's a lot of speculation on exactly 398 00:23:14,960 --> 00:23:18,200 Speaker 1: how many people I believe in the original biography, and 399 00:23:18,680 --> 00:23:20,719 Speaker 1: the number you will hear a lot is three hundred. 400 00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:24,800 Speaker 1: But they have done some investigating since then. Uh. And 401 00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:26,960 Speaker 1: some people have said it may have been like seventy people, 402 00:23:27,040 --> 00:23:30,000 Speaker 1: with another seventy that she kind of trained and taught 403 00:23:30,400 --> 00:23:34,480 Speaker 1: and empowered to leave. Um. But either way, it's a 404 00:23:34,480 --> 00:23:38,119 Speaker 1: lot of folks. Yeah, for sure, it's thirteen trips too. 405 00:23:38,240 --> 00:23:42,080 Speaker 1: I mean, like that's that's thirteen trips back to where 406 00:23:42,320 --> 00:23:47,040 Speaker 1: she was considered a fugitive slave and eventually grow had 407 00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:49,880 Speaker 1: a pretty sizeable bounty on her head. I saw forty 408 00:23:49,920 --> 00:23:54,440 Speaker 1: thou dollars, which is about a million dollars in today's money, 409 00:23:54,520 --> 00:23:57,399 Speaker 1: which means that there were there was a million dollars 410 00:23:58,320 --> 00:24:02,280 Speaker 1: for her capture and she still never got caught. People 411 00:24:02,320 --> 00:24:05,840 Speaker 1: still never got her from Philadelphia. Um, because just as 412 00:24:05,840 --> 00:24:09,400 Speaker 1: she would steal down to the below the Mason Dixon line, 413 00:24:09,600 --> 00:24:13,320 Speaker 1: slave steelers would steal up above the Mason Dixon line 414 00:24:13,720 --> 00:24:17,000 Speaker 1: and capture slaves and bring them back, especially ones that 415 00:24:17,080 --> 00:24:19,399 Speaker 1: had a huge bounty on their head. So the fact 416 00:24:19,400 --> 00:24:22,920 Speaker 1: that she had never been captured, and that she kept 417 00:24:22,920 --> 00:24:26,800 Speaker 1: going down below the Mason Dixon line, so supposedly at 418 00:24:26,800 --> 00:24:29,080 Speaker 1: one point she she had to go through her old 419 00:24:29,119 --> 00:24:32,560 Speaker 1: town where she was where she had escaped from back 420 00:24:32,600 --> 00:24:35,000 Speaker 1: in eighteen forty nine. And the fact that she kept 421 00:24:35,040 --> 00:24:37,560 Speaker 1: doing the stuff and her legend grew like she just 422 00:24:37,600 --> 00:24:42,000 Speaker 1: became well legend like and in her own time. Yeah, 423 00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:44,840 Speaker 1: and this is um. After eighteen fifty you kind of 424 00:24:44,880 --> 00:24:47,480 Speaker 1: hinted that things got even worse. That's when they passed 425 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:51,440 Speaker 1: Congress past the Fugitive Slave Act, and this basically required 426 00:24:51,480 --> 00:24:58,200 Speaker 1: all citizens to assist in recapturing fugitive slaves. Um, it's 427 00:24:58,200 --> 00:24:59,840 Speaker 1: not like you had to work full time doing this, 428 00:25:00,040 --> 00:25:02,639 Speaker 1: but if you knew about it and you didn't do 429 00:25:02,720 --> 00:25:05,240 Speaker 1: something to make it happen, then you were then liable. 430 00:25:05,760 --> 00:25:10,080 Speaker 1: So basically everybody was, uh, unless you know, they were 431 00:25:10,119 --> 00:25:15,000 Speaker 1: confirmed friendly, everybody was after them, right for sure. And 432 00:25:15,040 --> 00:25:20,200 Speaker 1: the that that Fugitive Slave Act, in addition to um, well, 433 00:25:20,200 --> 00:25:22,000 Speaker 1: it did a lot of things right So before it 434 00:25:22,080 --> 00:25:23,720 Speaker 1: was kind of like if you were in a northern 435 00:25:23,760 --> 00:25:27,760 Speaker 1: free state, the fugitive slave laws didn't really apply to 436 00:25:27,840 --> 00:25:30,160 Speaker 1: you because you were in a free state. The fact 437 00:25:30,240 --> 00:25:32,640 Speaker 1: that that Fugitive Slave Act made it a federal law. 438 00:25:32,920 --> 00:25:36,080 Speaker 1: Now everybody in the US was subject to these this 439 00:25:36,240 --> 00:25:38,760 Speaker 1: Fugitive Slave Act, and it was one of those laws 440 00:25:38,760 --> 00:25:41,560 Speaker 1: where you could be punished for not doing anything like 441 00:25:41,600 --> 00:25:44,320 Speaker 1: just looking the other way. You could end up in 442 00:25:44,400 --> 00:25:49,400 Speaker 1: jail for six months and be fined a thousand dollars UM. 443 00:25:49,440 --> 00:25:53,760 Speaker 1: So anybody who was already helping on the underground railroad 444 00:25:54,200 --> 00:25:56,679 Speaker 1: was at risk before, but now they were really at 445 00:25:56,760 --> 00:26:00,000 Speaker 1: even more substantial risk after eighteen fifty, and as a result, 446 00:26:00,520 --> 00:26:03,080 Speaker 1: the end of the underground railroad got pushed further up 447 00:26:03,119 --> 00:26:05,800 Speaker 1: from Pennsylvania up to New York all the way up 448 00:26:05,840 --> 00:26:08,359 Speaker 1: to Canada. That was the end of the line for 449 00:26:08,400 --> 00:26:12,840 Speaker 1: the underground railroad after eighteen fifty. Yeah. So as this 450 00:26:12,920 --> 00:26:16,160 Speaker 1: is going on, as she is over a decade going 451 00:26:16,200 --> 00:26:21,000 Speaker 1: back and forth down the eastern shore of Maryland freeing slaves, 452 00:26:21,040 --> 00:26:28,280 Speaker 1: she is also um successfully speaking at abolitionist fundraising meetings. Um. 453 00:26:28,480 --> 00:26:30,280 Speaker 1: She was well known and they would ask you know 454 00:26:30,359 --> 00:26:34,200 Speaker 1: she was. She was a public speaker. UM. Obviously very 455 00:26:34,240 --> 00:26:37,440 Speaker 1: much on the download because she was a super big 456 00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:41,520 Speaker 1: target for the slave catchers. Like you were saying, but uh, 457 00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:43,840 Speaker 1: this only just like enriched her legend that she would 458 00:26:44,119 --> 00:26:47,400 Speaker 1: take breaks from rescuing slaves to go speak at a 459 00:26:47,400 --> 00:26:49,800 Speaker 1: at a fundraising meeting. Yeah. And one of the reasons 460 00:26:49,840 --> 00:26:52,080 Speaker 1: she was doing that in the first place was to 461 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:57,240 Speaker 1: make money to fund her work on the underground railroad. Yeah. 462 00:26:57,400 --> 00:27:01,760 Speaker 1: That's pretty impressive. Yeah, absolutely, because I mean, I imagine 463 00:27:01,800 --> 00:27:05,840 Speaker 1: the most of those families were doing this for nothing, 464 00:27:05,840 --> 00:27:07,560 Speaker 1: but I imagine they probably had to pay people off 465 00:27:07,600 --> 00:27:12,280 Speaker 1: along the way. Yeah, especially in Canada. Um, apparently you 466 00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:15,840 Speaker 1: could bribe the border guards pretty easily to say, oh, 467 00:27:16,080 --> 00:27:21,159 Speaker 1: you're visiting, huh, well, enjoy your time in Canada, and right, 468 00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:24,240 Speaker 1: and people would settle right across the the Niagara River 469 00:27:24,440 --> 00:27:27,000 Speaker 1: and St. Catherine's, Ontario is where a lot of them 470 00:27:27,160 --> 00:27:30,720 Speaker 1: ended up. Alright. So, in eighteen sixty, a very very 471 00:27:30,760 --> 00:27:33,399 Speaker 1: famous incident, and this is one of the most one 472 00:27:33,440 --> 00:27:37,120 Speaker 1: of the most well documented stories of the time. Um. 473 00:27:37,280 --> 00:27:40,480 Speaker 1: There this was in Troy, New York, and there was 474 00:27:40,520 --> 00:27:45,359 Speaker 1: a captured slave named Charles Noll and he that was 475 00:27:45,440 --> 00:27:47,159 Speaker 1: his real name. I can't remember the name that he 476 00:27:47,240 --> 00:27:49,640 Speaker 1: had been given, but his real name was Charles Noll. 477 00:27:49,680 --> 00:27:52,359 Speaker 1: They were trying to get him back to Virginia after 478 00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:56,200 Speaker 1: he had been captured as a fugitive, and everybody knew 479 00:27:56,240 --> 00:27:59,720 Speaker 1: about it, and uh, including Harriet Tubman. So she just 480 00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:02,639 Speaker 1: got ased herself as a little old lady. Um and 481 00:28:02,680 --> 00:28:05,640 Speaker 1: if you've seen pictures of her, almost all of them 482 00:28:05,640 --> 00:28:07,840 Speaker 1: are as a little old lady. It's kind of hard 483 00:28:07,880 --> 00:28:10,800 Speaker 1: to picture her as a young woman. But she dressed 484 00:28:10,800 --> 00:28:12,920 Speaker 1: herself up as the little old lady that she would 485 00:28:12,960 --> 00:28:17,359 Speaker 1: become in photos. She slipped into a building, a government building, 486 00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:23,000 Speaker 1: in disguise, and then basically gave the signal to all 487 00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:26,480 Speaker 1: of these people in town who mobbed as soon as 488 00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:29,960 Speaker 1: Unal was brought out under the streets. They basically just 489 00:28:30,080 --> 00:28:33,280 Speaker 1: mobbed him and took him away. Yes, she won't get 490 00:28:33,359 --> 00:28:41,240 Speaker 1: him a right, No, she went swarm swarm, but it worked, 491 00:28:41,240 --> 00:28:43,360 Speaker 1: and I guess they just had enough enough people to 492 00:28:43,400 --> 00:28:46,440 Speaker 1: overpower him and whisked him away on a riverboat. Yeah, 493 00:28:46,440 --> 00:28:49,800 Speaker 1: and these were federal marshals that they overpowered. Yeah, Like 494 00:28:50,160 --> 00:28:52,000 Speaker 1: it was like, yeah, we're we'll be taking this guy 495 00:28:52,080 --> 00:28:57,040 Speaker 1: from you. Amazing. That was in eighteen sixty, he said, Yeah, 496 00:28:57,440 --> 00:28:59,600 Speaker 1: that was the same year I believe that she did 497 00:28:59,640 --> 00:29:03,240 Speaker 1: her last trip on the underground railroad. Her second to 498 00:29:03,320 --> 00:29:06,440 Speaker 1: last trip was her parents, who were very elderly at 499 00:29:06,480 --> 00:29:09,880 Speaker 1: the time, but they ended up settling in St. Catherine's, 500 00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:12,960 Speaker 1: Ontario at first, and then her mother was like, it's 501 00:29:13,000 --> 00:29:16,840 Speaker 1: too cold here, so Harriet moved them down to Auburn, 502 00:29:16,880 --> 00:29:19,120 Speaker 1: New York, to upstate New York where the winters are 503 00:29:19,240 --> 00:29:23,880 Speaker 1: nice and right, yeah, exactly, almost muggy, you know. Um, 504 00:29:23,960 --> 00:29:26,560 Speaker 1: but that so that was her penultimate trip on the 505 00:29:26,640 --> 00:29:29,640 Speaker 1: underground roroad. The last one she went to go get 506 00:29:29,680 --> 00:29:32,800 Speaker 1: her sister Rachel. She had been trying to reach for 507 00:29:32,840 --> 00:29:36,560 Speaker 1: a decade, and she went back in eighteen sixty to 508 00:29:36,600 --> 00:29:40,480 Speaker 1: get her and found that Rachel had died. Actually, so 509 00:29:40,600 --> 00:29:45,120 Speaker 1: she um, she ended up taking a family that was 510 00:29:45,200 --> 00:29:49,920 Speaker 1: prepared to leave. Um, the Annals. Did you read about them? Yeah, 511 00:29:49,960 --> 00:29:51,760 Speaker 1: I mean Harriet Tubman was not one to waste a 512 00:29:51,800 --> 00:29:54,680 Speaker 1: trip down there. As sad as she was about her sister. 513 00:29:55,080 --> 00:29:57,880 Speaker 1: She's like, all right, let's I'll take you guys. Yeah. 514 00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:00,520 Speaker 1: So the Annals family was from and I can tell 515 00:30:00,560 --> 00:30:05,040 Speaker 1: a younger couple with an infant child, and um, Harriet 516 00:30:05,200 --> 00:30:07,760 Speaker 1: was like, we're gonna have the dope up the baby 517 00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:10,600 Speaker 1: because we can't have that baby crying. So I just 518 00:30:10,640 --> 00:30:13,560 Speaker 1: happened to have some tincture of opium and we'll give 519 00:30:13,600 --> 00:30:16,000 Speaker 1: the baby some of that. So they kept the baby 520 00:30:16,160 --> 00:30:19,000 Speaker 1: pretty high on this trip to make sure it didn't 521 00:30:19,000 --> 00:30:22,320 Speaker 1: cry and give away their their position. And that was 522 00:30:22,360 --> 00:30:26,720 Speaker 1: her last one. Eight sixty. Yeah, and so like we said, 523 00:30:26,760 --> 00:30:31,680 Speaker 1: they relocated from Canada to Auburn, New York. And um, 524 00:30:31,800 --> 00:30:35,920 Speaker 1: she bought, she bought land. She was a landowner, uh 525 00:30:36,120 --> 00:30:39,600 Speaker 1: remarkably in the eighteen fifties. Uh in Auburn. She bought 526 00:30:39,600 --> 00:30:42,920 Speaker 1: seven acres of land at a very friendly price from 527 00:30:42,960 --> 00:30:46,120 Speaker 1: William Seward right, and he was the guy who bought 528 00:30:46,120 --> 00:30:50,120 Speaker 1: Alaska later, that's right. So yeah, so she's a landowner now, 529 00:30:50,240 --> 00:30:52,880 Speaker 1: which is pretty significant. Like you're saying, should we take 530 00:30:52,880 --> 00:30:56,160 Speaker 1: another break, I think we shall, all right, we'll we'll 531 00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:58,880 Speaker 1: finish up with um geez the rest of our life, 532 00:30:58,880 --> 00:31:28,160 Speaker 1: which was also remarkable. So it took the end of 533 00:31:28,200 --> 00:31:32,440 Speaker 1: that underground railroad that was basically where my study as 534 00:31:32,480 --> 00:31:36,480 Speaker 1: a younger lad of um Harriet Tubman left off the 535 00:31:36,520 --> 00:31:39,160 Speaker 1: rest of our I had no idea about, did you M. 536 00:31:39,760 --> 00:31:41,480 Speaker 1: I had heard things here and there but I for 537 00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:44,320 Speaker 1: sure was not taught this in elementary or high school. 538 00:31:44,480 --> 00:31:47,640 Speaker 1: Well to lay it on them, Well, the Civil War 539 00:31:47,680 --> 00:31:51,640 Speaker 1: breaks out in eighteen sixty one, and the governor of Massachusetts, 540 00:31:51,680 --> 00:31:55,760 Speaker 1: John A. Andrew was very much an abolitionist, and Tubbin 541 00:31:55,880 --> 00:31:58,480 Speaker 1: was a friend of his, and he said, you know what, 542 00:31:59,360 --> 00:32:03,719 Speaker 1: who do I know that is super stealthy and super 543 00:32:03,760 --> 00:32:08,640 Speaker 1: sneaky and has a neck for uh making her way 544 00:32:08,720 --> 00:32:13,400 Speaker 1: around the woods without attracting attention, and can get information 545 00:32:13,480 --> 00:32:16,920 Speaker 1: from us about the Confederate Army. And how about my 546 00:32:16,960 --> 00:32:22,240 Speaker 1: little buddy, Harriet Tubman. Yeah, and so she became a spy. Yeah. 547 00:32:22,280 --> 00:32:25,280 Speaker 1: The governor of Massachusetts tapped her to become a spy 548 00:32:25,360 --> 00:32:28,640 Speaker 1: for the Union Army. So he paid for her passage 549 00:32:28,680 --> 00:32:32,520 Speaker 1: down to Hilton Head, I believe, South Carolina, and she 550 00:32:32,920 --> 00:32:37,000 Speaker 1: um was enlisted officially under the cover story that she 551 00:32:37,160 --> 00:32:40,320 Speaker 1: was there to um give out like blankets and food 552 00:32:40,360 --> 00:32:44,880 Speaker 1: and clothing to the slaves that were escaping from in 553 00:32:44,920 --> 00:32:47,600 Speaker 1: the amidst the chaos of war. There's a lot of 554 00:32:47,640 --> 00:32:50,360 Speaker 1: slaves that were making their way to Union camps and 555 00:32:50,400 --> 00:32:55,000 Speaker 1: finding shelter Um there and her role supposedly was to 556 00:32:55,080 --> 00:32:58,120 Speaker 1: make sure that they were cared for that. Like I said, 557 00:32:58,160 --> 00:33:00,000 Speaker 1: that was just a cover story. What she was actually 558 00:33:00,000 --> 00:33:04,040 Speaker 1: really there to do was to basically lead an intelligence 559 00:33:04,080 --> 00:33:09,800 Speaker 1: gathering scouting group, basically assemble a guerrilla scouting special forces 560 00:33:09,880 --> 00:33:14,200 Speaker 1: group behind enemy lines in South Carolina. And that's what 561 00:33:14,280 --> 00:33:16,120 Speaker 1: she did. Yeah. I wonder if any of the Union 562 00:33:16,200 --> 00:33:19,240 Speaker 1: soldiers when she showed up and said, you know, I'm 563 00:33:19,240 --> 00:33:21,640 Speaker 1: here to give out blankets and stuff, They're like, yeah, right, 564 00:33:22,440 --> 00:33:25,040 Speaker 1: I know who you are, Right, we see those you 565 00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:27,560 Speaker 1: see those muscles. Yeah, you're not giving up blankets. We 566 00:33:27,600 --> 00:33:31,600 Speaker 1: know your your track record. Uh. So specifically she worked, 567 00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:35,680 Speaker 1: it seems like most often with African American troops once 568 00:33:35,800 --> 00:33:40,040 Speaker 1: Lincoln authorized African American troops for the Union Army in 569 00:33:40,080 --> 00:33:43,520 Speaker 1: eighteen sixty two. She would go ahead of these teams 570 00:33:44,200 --> 00:33:48,800 Speaker 1: and do everything from try and get information on Confederate 571 00:33:48,840 --> 00:33:54,080 Speaker 1: positions and armaments to uh to working with these guys. 572 00:33:54,440 --> 00:33:57,960 Speaker 1: In June sixty three, it's a really cool story, she 573 00:33:58,000 --> 00:34:02,800 Speaker 1: accompanied Union Colonel James montgom Re up the Kambahi River 574 00:34:03,560 --> 00:34:05,600 Speaker 1: and this was in South Carolina and they were going 575 00:34:05,640 --> 00:34:07,920 Speaker 1: to conduct a raid. And so what they found out 576 00:34:08,080 --> 00:34:10,120 Speaker 1: was there all these minds that had been set up 577 00:34:10,920 --> 00:34:16,279 Speaker 1: uh by uh were they buy slaves or by um So, 578 00:34:16,560 --> 00:34:19,480 Speaker 1: under the direction of the Confederates, they had slaves go 579 00:34:19,640 --> 00:34:22,040 Speaker 1: set minds out in the river. And so she went 580 00:34:22,080 --> 00:34:25,000 Speaker 1: and found the slaves who had set the minds there 581 00:34:25,000 --> 00:34:27,160 Speaker 1: so they could tell her where it was. And that 582 00:34:27,239 --> 00:34:30,279 Speaker 1: must have been nerve wracking. It was because not only 583 00:34:30,320 --> 00:34:32,279 Speaker 1: did she go find out where it was, so that 584 00:34:32,440 --> 00:34:34,480 Speaker 1: step one, which is huge, she went and got the 585 00:34:34,560 --> 00:34:37,839 Speaker 1: intail where the minds were. She was in charge of 586 00:34:37,960 --> 00:34:45,000 Speaker 1: leading directing the Union ships around these mines. So she 587 00:34:45,160 --> 00:34:47,200 Speaker 1: I'm sure she has had her fingers across the whole time. 588 00:34:47,760 --> 00:34:50,480 Speaker 1: But prior to that, even she had also led a 589 00:34:50,600 --> 00:34:54,440 Speaker 1: raid of um this the scouts that she had assembled 590 00:34:54,680 --> 00:34:59,880 Speaker 1: to gather intel and to get supplies behind Confederate lines 591 00:35:00,040 --> 00:35:02,879 Speaker 1: from some sort of Confederate encampment. And that made her 592 00:35:02,920 --> 00:35:08,000 Speaker 1: the first women woman in US history to command an 593 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:13,400 Speaker 1: expedition force in wartime. Yeah, but sadly, for all her efforts, 594 00:35:13,400 --> 00:35:17,440 Speaker 1: she was never given military pension like she should have 595 00:35:17,560 --> 00:35:20,280 Speaker 1: a federally that is no, so that's like a whole 596 00:35:20,440 --> 00:35:22,560 Speaker 1: that's a whole other can of worms. Right, So she 597 00:35:22,560 --> 00:35:27,279 Speaker 1: she successfully makes it through the Civil War um and 598 00:35:28,600 --> 00:35:31,360 Speaker 1: starting right. I think in eighteen sixty five she applied 599 00:35:31,440 --> 00:35:35,640 Speaker 1: for benefits, right um, she asked for something like thirty 600 00:35:35,680 --> 00:35:38,839 Speaker 1: dollars a month. Even though scouts in the Civil War 601 00:35:38,880 --> 00:35:41,879 Speaker 1: were paid sixty dollars a month and regular soldiers were 602 00:35:41,880 --> 00:35:44,600 Speaker 1: given a pension of fifteen dollars a month, she asked 603 00:35:44,640 --> 00:35:48,919 Speaker 1: for thirty um and she was denied. Officially, the reason 604 00:35:49,040 --> 00:35:52,520 Speaker 1: she was denied was because there was no documentation. Remember, like, 605 00:35:52,560 --> 00:35:55,640 Speaker 1: officially her cover story was that she was handing out 606 00:35:55,640 --> 00:35:59,840 Speaker 1: blankets and all that. And that first petition for a 607 00:36:01,239 --> 00:36:06,560 Speaker 1: pension started a thirty four year quest to finally get 608 00:36:07,280 --> 00:36:09,880 Speaker 1: recognition in the form of a pension from the federal 609 00:36:09,880 --> 00:36:13,160 Speaker 1: government for the amazing amount of stuff she did in 610 00:36:13,200 --> 00:36:17,960 Speaker 1: the Civil War. And finally they despite the fact that 611 00:36:18,000 --> 00:36:21,000 Speaker 1: there were Cabinet members and congress people and governors who 612 00:36:21,000 --> 00:36:24,920 Speaker 1: were personally involving themselves in this matter, trying to get 613 00:36:24,960 --> 00:36:27,800 Speaker 1: this pushed through the pensions Bureau, was like, we can't 614 00:36:27,800 --> 00:36:29,319 Speaker 1: do it. If we give it to her, it's going 615 00:36:29,400 --> 00:36:31,640 Speaker 1: to open it up for all these other people. So 616 00:36:31,680 --> 00:36:34,400 Speaker 1: it just so happens that she she married a Civil 617 00:36:34,440 --> 00:36:38,800 Speaker 1: War veteran um who was much younger than her and 618 00:36:39,239 --> 00:36:42,400 Speaker 1: he when he died, she started collecting a pension. So 619 00:36:42,440 --> 00:36:45,279 Speaker 1: she got a pension, not because of all of the 620 00:36:45,320 --> 00:36:47,600 Speaker 1: stuff she did in the war. She got a pension 621 00:36:47,880 --> 00:36:51,760 Speaker 1: because she married a Civil War veteran, a man who died, 622 00:36:51,960 --> 00:36:54,680 Speaker 1: and she got a widows pension instead. Yeah, well, she 623 00:36:54,719 --> 00:36:57,799 Speaker 1: would eventually go getting her own pension, but not for 624 00:36:57,840 --> 00:36:59,759 Speaker 1: the work she does a spy, but for work she 625 00:36:59,840 --> 00:37:02,600 Speaker 1: does an army nurse. Right, So they uped it finally 626 00:37:02,600 --> 00:37:07,640 Speaker 1: in eight thirty four years after she applied from I 627 00:37:07,680 --> 00:37:11,640 Speaker 1: think twelve dollars a month to now eight dollars a 628 00:37:11,680 --> 00:37:14,200 Speaker 1: month to twenty dollars a month was what she got 629 00:37:14,239 --> 00:37:16,920 Speaker 1: for the rest of her life. Yeah, and guess guess 630 00:37:16,960 --> 00:37:23,239 Speaker 1: who she spent that money on Philadelphia Eagles tickets. No, 631 00:37:23,480 --> 00:37:28,359 Speaker 1: she's she's spent it to open up a home. Uh. Well, 632 00:37:28,440 --> 00:37:31,560 Speaker 1: she she bought some more property adjacent to her own 633 00:37:31,600 --> 00:37:34,279 Speaker 1: property there in Auburn, New York, and she started home 634 00:37:34,360 --> 00:37:39,719 Speaker 1: for elderly African American people. And seven years after that, 635 00:37:40,239 --> 00:37:41,840 Speaker 1: she you know, she was kind of getting up in 636 00:37:41,880 --> 00:37:44,080 Speaker 1: age by that point, so she turned the property over 637 00:37:44,520 --> 00:37:47,600 Speaker 1: to the African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church where she went 638 00:37:48,320 --> 00:37:50,759 Speaker 1: uh and said you guys, can you please still run 639 00:37:50,760 --> 00:37:53,319 Speaker 1: this thing? They said, no problem, And she lived next 640 00:37:53,360 --> 00:37:56,319 Speaker 1: door to it until she got old enough to where 641 00:37:56,360 --> 00:37:58,200 Speaker 1: she needed to be in the home that she founded, 642 00:37:58,800 --> 00:38:01,919 Speaker 1: and that is where she finally passed away in nineteen thirteen. Yeah. 643 00:38:01,960 --> 00:38:04,720 Speaker 1: The family legend is that on the day she died, 644 00:38:04,840 --> 00:38:08,640 Speaker 1: she had been bedridden for a while, but she suddenly 645 00:38:08,680 --> 00:38:12,040 Speaker 1: regained her strength and you know, got up out of 646 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:15,040 Speaker 1: bed with some help and ate some food and went 647 00:38:15,080 --> 00:38:17,680 Speaker 1: around and the just kind of shuffled around from room 648 00:38:17,719 --> 00:38:20,279 Speaker 1: to room, just taking in the house. Uh, and then 649 00:38:20,280 --> 00:38:24,520 Speaker 1: went back to bed and died. Man. It's just pretty neat. Yeah. 650 00:38:24,520 --> 00:38:26,520 Speaker 1: And in between that time, when she was living in 651 00:38:26,640 --> 00:38:31,080 Speaker 1: upstate New York, she uh, you know, she farmed and 652 00:38:31,160 --> 00:38:35,040 Speaker 1: she uh, by all accounts, was like a was a 653 00:38:35,040 --> 00:38:39,279 Speaker 1: great farmer and lived off the land. Uh. And you know, 654 00:38:39,640 --> 00:38:41,640 Speaker 1: the life was okay for her. But she also had 655 00:38:41,800 --> 00:38:43,920 Speaker 1: had a lot of you know, fresh out off of 656 00:38:43,960 --> 00:38:46,440 Speaker 1: the Civil War, had a lot of rude awakenings. It's 657 00:38:46,480 --> 00:38:50,800 Speaker 1: not like things instantaneously changed, uh for African Americans in 658 00:38:50,800 --> 00:38:53,960 Speaker 1: the United States. UM. One case, in fact, she was 659 00:38:53,960 --> 00:38:56,520 Speaker 1: on a train and she had what's called the soldiers 660 00:38:56,560 --> 00:38:58,480 Speaker 1: pass which she could, you know, ride the rails for 661 00:38:58,520 --> 00:39:01,600 Speaker 1: free as a soldier. And she legitimately got this pass 662 00:39:01,719 --> 00:39:04,799 Speaker 1: and the train conductor wouldn't accept it. Uh. She got 663 00:39:04,800 --> 00:39:07,520 Speaker 1: into an argument with them, and then he got together 664 00:39:07,560 --> 00:39:11,000 Speaker 1: with other passengers and physically threw her into the baggage car, 665 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:14,399 Speaker 1: which broke her arm, broke three ribs. She couldn't work 666 00:39:14,440 --> 00:39:19,440 Speaker 1: for months, and you know, famous Harriet Tubman had basically 667 00:39:20,040 --> 00:39:23,040 Speaker 1: was forced to be bedridden for a while except handouts 668 00:39:23,040 --> 00:39:27,160 Speaker 1: from her neighbors just to keep her family fed because 669 00:39:27,200 --> 00:39:29,719 Speaker 1: she had had her arm and ribs broken at the 670 00:39:29,760 --> 00:39:35,760 Speaker 1: hands of a conductor and that horribly ironic. Yes, so 671 00:39:36,120 --> 00:39:39,600 Speaker 1: that happened right after the Civil War, right, Uh yeah, 672 00:39:39,719 --> 00:39:41,799 Speaker 1: So she was nursed back to health and and like 673 00:39:41,840 --> 00:39:46,520 Speaker 1: you said, she made ends meet um farming, um selling. 674 00:39:46,719 --> 00:39:49,279 Speaker 1: I think she was known for selling pies and root 675 00:39:49,400 --> 00:39:53,160 Speaker 1: beer and gingerbread is what she sold, which is pretty 676 00:39:53,200 --> 00:39:55,359 Speaker 1: happy stuff really if you think about it. I bet 677 00:39:55,360 --> 00:39:58,040 Speaker 1: that was some good gingerbread and um she lived with 678 00:39:58,040 --> 00:40:01,720 Speaker 1: her parents. Remember her mom complained ab out the weather 679 00:40:01,920 --> 00:40:05,839 Speaker 1: in St. Catharines, Ontario. Um, so she moved them down 680 00:40:05,840 --> 00:40:09,320 Speaker 1: to Auburn, New York, to her land and she cared 681 00:40:09,360 --> 00:40:12,879 Speaker 1: for them. Uh. And she used some of the money 682 00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:15,439 Speaker 1: to put one of her nephews, who she'd earlier helped 683 00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:19,080 Speaker 1: escape from slavery through school. Uh. He studied to become 684 00:40:19,120 --> 00:40:21,720 Speaker 1: a teacher and moved down to South Carolina and taught 685 00:40:22,080 --> 00:40:27,080 Speaker 1: and he eventually became part of the reconstructionist legislature there. Um. 686 00:40:27,160 --> 00:40:29,640 Speaker 1: She used her money pretty wisely. Yes, she opened the 687 00:40:29,680 --> 00:40:31,879 Speaker 1: Old Folks Home. She did a lot of really great 688 00:40:31,920 --> 00:40:35,080 Speaker 1: stuff from from the day she first got paid to 689 00:40:35,560 --> 00:40:39,080 Speaker 1: the last day of her life. Yeah, she got married 690 00:40:39,080 --> 00:40:43,080 Speaker 1: again too. She married a man Union Army veteran named 691 00:40:43,080 --> 00:40:47,600 Speaker 1: Nelson Davis. Uh, twenty two years younger than her. Yeah, 692 00:40:47,640 --> 00:40:50,000 Speaker 1: that's the guy she got the pension from. Right, and 693 00:40:50,040 --> 00:40:53,360 Speaker 1: they married in eighteen sixty nine. And on her gravestone 694 00:40:53,400 --> 00:40:57,920 Speaker 1: it says Harriet Tubman Davis. And Um. She ended up 695 00:40:57,920 --> 00:41:00,840 Speaker 1: being buried with full military honors at four Hill Cemetery 696 00:41:00,880 --> 00:41:05,160 Speaker 1: in Auburn, which is really really great. Uh. They commissioned 697 00:41:05,160 --> 00:41:09,040 Speaker 1: a liberty ship, the s S. Harriet Tubman during World 698 00:41:09,080 --> 00:41:13,000 Speaker 1: War Two. Um, she's been in Um. Well, they're developing 699 00:41:13,040 --> 00:41:16,320 Speaker 1: a couple of movies right now, one with Viola Davis, 700 00:41:16,360 --> 00:41:19,520 Speaker 1: which you know she's fantastic, so that should be good. 701 00:41:20,840 --> 00:41:24,279 Speaker 1: What else? National Historic Landmarks from where she lived? Um, 702 00:41:24,360 --> 00:41:28,440 Speaker 1: National Register of Historic Places. And then finally, in a 703 00:41:28,440 --> 00:41:32,000 Speaker 1: couple of years ago, President Obama and his administration said, 704 00:41:32,040 --> 00:41:35,120 Speaker 1: you know what, we are going to take Andrew Jackson 705 00:41:35,160 --> 00:41:37,560 Speaker 1: off the twenty dollar bill and we're gonna put Harriet 706 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:41,239 Speaker 1: Tubman on it. Uh. And it's hard to tell if 707 00:41:41,280 --> 00:41:44,799 Speaker 1: that's still an active thing, because all we know right 708 00:41:44,840 --> 00:41:49,200 Speaker 1: now is current Treasury Secretary Steve Nuncheon UM basically is 709 00:41:49,239 --> 00:41:51,840 Speaker 1: declining comment right now and saying we got a lot 710 00:41:51,880 --> 00:41:54,799 Speaker 1: of other stuff to focus on. I saw follow up 711 00:41:54,960 --> 00:41:57,439 Speaker 1: two weeks later. That's the latest I saw, but two 712 00:41:57,440 --> 00:42:01,880 Speaker 1: weeks after he initially said that UM, they were proceeding, 713 00:42:02,160 --> 00:42:04,880 Speaker 1: that it was basically going through, but that it wouldn't 714 00:42:04,920 --> 00:42:09,000 Speaker 1: be out until after because I think the ten dollar 715 00:42:09,080 --> 00:42:11,080 Speaker 1: bill and then the five dollar bill were scheduled to 716 00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:13,600 Speaker 1: be updated first, and then the twenty dollar bill. So 717 00:42:13,719 --> 00:42:16,640 Speaker 1: she's in the queue. She's in the queue, yeah, for sure. 718 00:42:17,120 --> 00:42:19,200 Speaker 1: And she that won't be the first time she's appeared 719 00:42:19,239 --> 00:42:23,160 Speaker 1: on anything. She was UM on a stamp, I believe 720 00:42:24,360 --> 00:42:26,759 Speaker 1: back in nineteen seventy nine. I think she might have 721 00:42:26,800 --> 00:42:32,200 Speaker 1: been the first African American woman on a stamp. YEP, 722 00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:36,080 Speaker 1: it's pretty pretty significant. But her being on currency is 723 00:42:36,120 --> 00:42:38,759 Speaker 1: just that's just a sea change in America and wanted 724 00:42:38,800 --> 00:42:43,400 Speaker 1: to be proud of for sure. Um, so what else? Man? 725 00:42:43,440 --> 00:42:45,440 Speaker 1: You got anything else on her? I got nothing else. 726 00:42:45,960 --> 00:42:51,560 Speaker 1: That's Harriet Tubman in a nutshell. God bless her. If 727 00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,040 Speaker 1: you want to know more about Harriet Tubman, there's tons 728 00:42:54,120 --> 00:42:56,719 Speaker 1: more stuff out there. There's actually really good site that 729 00:42:56,800 --> 00:43:01,520 Speaker 1: we both used called I think Harriet dashed Codman dot org. 730 00:43:02,080 --> 00:43:04,120 Speaker 1: Don't spell out. I think that was just me saying 731 00:43:04,160 --> 00:43:07,399 Speaker 1: that they have a lot of really good information on there. 732 00:43:07,960 --> 00:43:10,600 Speaker 1: You can look for this article on how stuff works 733 00:43:10,600 --> 00:43:12,920 Speaker 1: dot com by typing in the search bar too. And 734 00:43:12,960 --> 00:43:18,359 Speaker 1: since I said search parts, time for listener mail? Uh, 735 00:43:18,400 --> 00:43:20,600 Speaker 1: you know instead of listener mail today we need to 736 00:43:20,640 --> 00:43:22,839 Speaker 1: shout out our CIVA team because we have not done 737 00:43:22,840 --> 00:43:25,120 Speaker 1: that in a long time and now we've been kind 738 00:43:25,120 --> 00:43:29,280 Speaker 1: of neglectful. So k I v a dot org slash 739 00:43:29,360 --> 00:43:31,759 Speaker 1: team slash stuff you should know, or you can just 740 00:43:31,800 --> 00:43:34,560 Speaker 1: go to Cuba and look up on the teams. UM 741 00:43:34,560 --> 00:43:38,080 Speaker 1: many years ago, we started Freezy. Don't those of you 742 00:43:38,080 --> 00:43:42,000 Speaker 1: who don't know. Kiva is a micro lending organization and 743 00:43:42,080 --> 00:43:46,280 Speaker 1: website where you can um donate money and small amounts 744 00:43:46,320 --> 00:43:51,680 Speaker 1: to entrepreneurs and business people all over the world who 745 00:43:51,840 --> 00:43:55,200 Speaker 1: who don't have the means to to raise money themselves 746 00:43:55,200 --> 00:43:58,839 Speaker 1: for their small businesses. And then you can re lend 747 00:43:58,880 --> 00:44:00,960 Speaker 1: that money once they pay it back, or you can 748 00:44:01,040 --> 00:44:02,640 Speaker 1: draw it out if you want to draw it out. 749 00:44:03,280 --> 00:44:06,719 Speaker 1: So we started a team many years ago, UM, and 750 00:44:06,920 --> 00:44:09,360 Speaker 1: I haven't looked in a while, and I was astonished. 751 00:44:09,360 --> 00:44:13,359 Speaker 1: Have you seen what we've raised? All? Right, hold onto 752 00:44:13,360 --> 00:44:16,680 Speaker 1: your hats the stuff you should know. Team has now 753 00:44:16,760 --> 00:44:21,080 Speaker 1: raised four point seven million bucks. What how about that? 754 00:44:21,080 --> 00:44:23,960 Speaker 1: That's amazing. That is a hundred and sixty nine thousand 755 00:44:24,040 --> 00:44:28,560 Speaker 1: loans uh, nine thousand, nine hundred and twelve members. And 756 00:44:28,640 --> 00:44:31,600 Speaker 1: just to give you guys an idea of how this works, UM, 757 00:44:31,640 --> 00:44:35,719 Speaker 1: I put in and this was what was this eight 758 00:44:35,800 --> 00:44:38,920 Speaker 1: eight or nine years ago? Put in three d and 759 00:44:38,960 --> 00:44:42,680 Speaker 1: fifty bucks, uh, the only money I've ever put into it. 760 00:44:43,080 --> 00:44:46,200 Speaker 1: And since then that money has been reloaned to the 761 00:44:46,239 --> 00:44:49,719 Speaker 1: tune of twenty three hundred dollars over the years. So 762 00:44:50,480 --> 00:44:52,799 Speaker 1: you can even put in fifty dollars and just keep 763 00:44:52,880 --> 00:44:57,080 Speaker 1: reloaning that over the years and through all those eight years, 764 00:44:57,360 --> 00:44:59,120 Speaker 1: I looked at my account today, I've only had forty 765 00:44:59,120 --> 00:45:01,880 Speaker 1: two dollars in loss. Is that is not bad, not 766 00:45:01,960 --> 00:45:04,399 Speaker 1: bad at all. So that's money that does not get 767 00:45:04,400 --> 00:45:06,440 Speaker 1: paid back and it, as you can tell, that does 768 00:45:06,480 --> 00:45:10,000 Speaker 1: not happen much. Yeah. Yeah, uh, And if you want 769 00:45:10,040 --> 00:45:13,640 Speaker 1: to join our team, go to kiva dot org slash 770 00:45:13,719 --> 00:45:18,000 Speaker 1: teams slash stuff you should know and uh that team 771 00:45:18,080 --> 00:45:22,560 Speaker 1: is our team has led unofficially slash officially by Glenn 772 00:45:22,560 --> 00:45:26,600 Speaker 1: and Sonja who keep things going pretty smoothly for us 773 00:45:26,600 --> 00:45:28,920 Speaker 1: over there. So thanks again Glenn and Sonia for everything 774 00:45:28,920 --> 00:45:30,920 Speaker 1: you've been doing all these years. Yeah. So I think 775 00:45:30,960 --> 00:45:32,799 Speaker 1: a goal we can set right now. We always set 776 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:36,240 Speaker 1: money goals, but since we have nine thousand and twelve members, 777 00:45:36,280 --> 00:45:38,840 Speaker 1: why don't we try and get to ten thousand members? 778 00:45:40,000 --> 00:45:42,359 Speaker 1: And that is not much, that's like, you know, less 779 00:45:42,360 --> 00:45:45,520 Speaker 1: than a hundred people signing onto the team, leaning a 780 00:45:45,560 --> 00:45:48,399 Speaker 1: little bit of dough, let's do. Let's do so ten 781 00:45:48,440 --> 00:45:53,560 Speaker 1: thousand members by the end by the summer, by June one. Yeah, 782 00:45:53,600 --> 00:45:57,600 Speaker 1: that should be easy. And one trillion dollars by June 783 00:45:57,640 --> 00:46:00,439 Speaker 1: one as well. That would be great. And it's really cool. 784 00:46:00,480 --> 00:46:02,200 Speaker 1: You can see if you go to your account, you 785 00:46:02,239 --> 00:46:05,239 Speaker 1: can they have follow ups from people who you loan 786 00:46:05,280 --> 00:46:07,680 Speaker 1: the money to, like real stories of what happened with 787 00:46:07,760 --> 00:46:10,680 Speaker 1: your money. Uh, and they're always just great stories. And 788 00:46:10,719 --> 00:46:14,040 Speaker 1: it's a really easy way if you have, um, you know, 789 00:46:15,440 --> 00:46:19,680 Speaker 1: five cups of coffee worth of money laying around. Yeah, 790 00:46:19,880 --> 00:46:21,880 Speaker 1: it's a donated Yeah. And if you want to know 791 00:46:21,920 --> 00:46:24,399 Speaker 1: more about it, we've blogged about it extensively. So goes 792 00:46:24,400 --> 00:46:26,040 Speaker 1: the Stuff you Should Know dot com and look up 793 00:46:26,120 --> 00:46:28,000 Speaker 1: Kiva and it should bring up a bunch of posts 794 00:46:28,440 --> 00:46:31,719 Speaker 1: and um for a good I think overview to just 795 00:46:31,760 --> 00:46:34,239 Speaker 1: go listen to the micro lending episode from back in 796 00:46:34,280 --> 00:46:37,799 Speaker 1: the day too. That's right. Well, Uh, if you want 797 00:46:37,800 --> 00:46:40,160 Speaker 1: to get in touch with us, you can. You can 798 00:46:40,200 --> 00:46:42,480 Speaker 1: do that. You can do it on Twitter at s 799 00:46:42,600 --> 00:46:45,879 Speaker 1: Y s K podcast or at Josh M. Clark can 800 00:46:45,920 --> 00:46:48,759 Speaker 1: do it on Facebook, Facebook dot com, slash stuff you 801 00:46:48,800 --> 00:46:53,560 Speaker 1: Should Know or slash Charles W. Chuck Bryant. You can 802 00:46:53,600 --> 00:46:55,719 Speaker 1: send all of us an email. The Stuff podcast at 803 00:46:55,719 --> 00:46:58,040 Speaker 1: how Stuffworks dot com and has always joined us at 804 00:46:58,040 --> 00:47:05,080 Speaker 1: our home on the web Stuff you Should Know com 805 00:47:05,080 --> 00:47:07,520 Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics. Is 806 00:47:07,560 --> 00:47:18,880 Speaker 1: it how stuff works? Dot com mhm m