WEBVTT - Talkin’ ‘Bout Cell Phone Generations 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.840 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:09.160 It's ready. Are you didn't touch? With technology? With tech 0:00:09.200 --> 0:00:17.880 Stuff from how dot com? What up, y'all and welcome 0:00:17.920 --> 0:00:19.800 to tech Stuff. My name is Chris Poulett, and I 0:00:19.800 --> 0:00:22.040 am an editor at how Stuff works dot com. Sitting 0:00:22.040 --> 0:00:24.239 across from me as he always does, as senior writer 0:00:24.560 --> 0:00:28.240 Jonathan Strickland, the telephone was ringing wildly, but without results 0:00:28.240 --> 0:00:30.200 since there was no one in the room but the corpse. 0:00:32.840 --> 0:00:36.959 The call is coming from down the street. Yes, and uh, 0:00:37.000 --> 0:00:40.240 you know, we're going to cover a topic today that 0:00:40.479 --> 0:00:47.960 is partially inspired by a little Facebook feedback you and 0:00:48.240 --> 0:00:51.440 the Facebook feedback actually comes to us courtesy of one 0:00:51.479 --> 0:00:56.080 of our our listeners who well, he specifically wanted to 0:00:56.120 --> 0:01:01.160 know about why his phone had magically gone from a 0:01:01.320 --> 0:01:06.240 three G notification to a four G notification. But that's 0:01:06.280 --> 0:01:12.480 really beyond this podcast. We're specifically going to be talking about, uh, 0:01:12.520 --> 0:01:17.360 the generations of cell phone standards and what's the difference 0:01:17.400 --> 0:01:19.760 between them, because there's so much confusion there that to 0:01:20.000 --> 0:01:23.120 address that is more important really than a phone switching 0:01:23.120 --> 0:01:25.280 from three G three G to four G. And you'll 0:01:25.280 --> 0:01:27.760 find out specifically, why when we get to the four 0:01:27.800 --> 0:01:30.840 G discussion, and if it's the reason I'm thinking of, 0:01:30.920 --> 0:01:34.400 it's remarkably simple. Yeah. Well, and this listener, by the way, 0:01:34.400 --> 0:01:36.800 his name is Arthur, So Arthur Big shout out to you. 0:01:37.200 --> 0:01:41.080 And uh, let's go into the generations of cell phones. Now, 0:01:41.120 --> 0:01:47.000 you may be confused somewhat about the various generations and 0:01:47.040 --> 0:01:49.680 what they mean and and uh, and you know why 0:01:49.920 --> 0:01:52.280 is one phone a two G phone versus a three 0:01:52.320 --> 0:01:54.360 G phone or maybe you've even heard of two point 0:01:54.440 --> 0:01:57.760 five G or three point five or heaven help us 0:01:57.760 --> 0:02:02.120 three point seven five G phones. And the reason for 0:02:02.160 --> 0:02:08.200 this is because they're pulling, not pulling that kind of gs, no, 0:02:08.240 --> 0:02:11.359 the G standard generations. And that's part of why it's 0:02:11.360 --> 0:02:13.520 so confusing, is that, you know, we tend to think 0:02:13.560 --> 0:02:18.720 of generations in terms of iterations right over time, and 0:02:18.919 --> 0:02:22.880 so technically if something comes out after something else has 0:02:22.880 --> 0:02:26.600 already come out, it's a later generation, right. Well. Typically, 0:02:26.600 --> 0:02:28.919 of course, this is one of those times when marketing 0:02:28.960 --> 0:02:31.040 also factors into that, and we could get into that 0:02:31.120 --> 0:02:32.960 a little bit later. Not to pick on the marketers, 0:02:32.960 --> 0:02:36.520 I used to be in marketing for wild marketers, I've 0:02:36.600 --> 0:02:39.160 never been in marketing. Well, it's their job to sell 0:02:39.240 --> 0:02:42.440 you the new thing. And part of the time these 0:02:42.440 --> 0:02:46.239 generations are an actual new technology and part of them 0:02:46.280 --> 0:02:48.840 part part of the time it's when improvements are made 0:02:48.880 --> 0:02:50.720 to the technology to make it better. And even though 0:02:50.720 --> 0:02:54.120 it's like quite a new generation, yeah, it's like, well 0:02:54.200 --> 0:02:56.280 let's talk about yeah, yes, yes, that's the thing that's 0:02:57.040 --> 0:03:00.639 there's And to add to that confusion, yes, there are 0:03:01.200 --> 0:03:06.720 two separate lines of cell phone standards have developed over 0:03:06.760 --> 0:03:10.320 time and and there and there are branches that come 0:03:10.400 --> 0:03:14.280 off of those two separate lines. But in general, if 0:03:14.320 --> 0:03:15.760 you want to go all the way back to the 0:03:15.960 --> 0:03:21.120 one G technologies, there were there were three standards that 0:03:21.240 --> 0:03:24.560 were more prevalent than any other. Yes, but there were 0:03:24.639 --> 0:03:29.440 multiple standards. Now. In the United States, that standard was AMPS, 0:03:29.760 --> 0:03:33.960 which stood for Advanced Mobile Phone System and that was 0:03:34.000 --> 0:03:37.400 developed by Bell Labs. In Europe, you had two different 0:03:37.440 --> 0:03:41.760 standards that were pretty popular. You had TAX, which was 0:03:42.480 --> 0:03:49.240 t a c S Total Access Communication systema n m 0:03:49.400 --> 0:03:52.600 T is the other that's Nordic Mobile Telephone. That's the 0:03:52.680 --> 0:03:57.720 kind of phone that thor uses. And uh so it's 0:03:57.800 --> 0:04:02.240 me olner Um the So these are the these were 0:04:02.280 --> 0:04:08.480 the main standards. And these were all analog mobile phone systems. Yes. Um, 0:04:08.520 --> 0:04:12.120 actually there's one too. There's one too, there's twelve. Um, 0:04:12.200 --> 0:04:16.600 there's a another that we mentioned, I believe during the 0:04:16.600 --> 0:04:21.400 the podcast when we talked about the BlackBerry mobile text. Um. 0:04:21.920 --> 0:04:25.200 But and and these are all To think of this 0:04:25.240 --> 0:04:28.240 as a generation compared to the the others is kind 0:04:28.240 --> 0:04:33.120 of strange because these are all analog technologies. Um. And 0:04:33.160 --> 0:04:37.320 we're talking, we're talking basic stuff. There's really no maximum 0:04:37.360 --> 0:04:40.240 speed because people weren't using data on these connections. They 0:04:40.240 --> 0:04:42.880 were they were in terms of data transmission, they were 0:04:42.960 --> 0:04:45.719 so slow that uh uh, you know, we couldn't do 0:04:45.720 --> 0:04:47.200 a lot of the things that we do on them now. 0:04:47.240 --> 0:04:49.280 But they didn't use data. In fact, they didn't even 0:04:49.360 --> 0:04:54.280 use text. We're talking voice voice only. Yeah. They this 0:04:54.400 --> 0:04:56.599 is when you use your cell phone to call people 0:04:56.800 --> 0:04:59.719 the in the United States. In the United States, you 0:04:59.720 --> 0:05:04.000 would of two carriers per region because the government said 0:05:04.520 --> 0:05:06.840 that in order to avoid monopolies, there must be at 0:05:06.880 --> 0:05:11.160 least two carriers, and that they would each be assigned 0:05:11.279 --> 0:05:15.279 eight hundred and thirty two frequencies. These two carriers seven 0:05:15.400 --> 0:05:17.760 hundred and ninety of those frequencies were for voice and 0:05:17.800 --> 0:05:20.719 forty two for data, So forty two for data with 0:05:20.760 --> 0:05:23.560 seven nine voice. Yeah, you couldn't really use that data 0:05:23.600 --> 0:05:25.880 for anything. Yeah, it wasn't well that the phones, of 0:05:25.880 --> 0:05:29.200 course themselves, were not geared toward doing this. This is 0:05:29.400 --> 0:05:31.640 back when people used to have bag phones. And yes, 0:05:31.760 --> 0:05:33.880 I actually did have a bag In fact, it was 0:05:33.920 --> 0:05:37.840 a second hand bag phone when somebody else traded there's 0:05:37.839 --> 0:05:39.320 in there were here. You want this? You know, when 0:05:39.360 --> 0:05:41.760 you had a cell phone that looked essentially like a 0:05:41.839 --> 0:05:46.000 cordless telephone. Yeah, and you know you didn't necessarily have 0:05:46.080 --> 0:05:48.080 a screen or anything on there, you just you know, 0:05:48.320 --> 0:05:50.240 you had a phone. Yeah. In fact, this, the one 0:05:50.279 --> 0:05:52.440 that I had, was a handset that was wired to 0:05:52.520 --> 0:05:55.680 a base and you would plug the base into the 0:05:55.760 --> 0:05:58.680 power adapter into your car, and you know, if you 0:05:58.720 --> 0:06:00.719 had to make a call, you'd have to on you know, 0:06:00.760 --> 0:06:04.960 take it off the cradle. Now, with these frequencies on 0:06:05.000 --> 0:06:08.320 an individual phone, you would actually have whenever you would 0:06:08.360 --> 0:06:11.040 make a call, you'd have a pair of frequencies. So 0:06:11.120 --> 0:06:15.040 you'd have one frequency for transmitting your voice and another 0:06:15.080 --> 0:06:16.880 for receiving the voice of the person on the other 0:06:16.960 --> 0:06:19.960 end of the phone, and together that would create what 0:06:20.000 --> 0:06:24.239 we call a channel. So these are those old phones 0:06:24.240 --> 0:06:26.080 where you would try and switch channels. The whole reason 0:06:26.120 --> 0:06:28.480 for this, by the way of keeping the frequency separate 0:06:28.520 --> 0:06:32.880 and keeping the channels discreete is to avoid interference, because 0:06:32.960 --> 0:06:35.279 some of these old phones you could actually get interference 0:06:35.320 --> 0:06:38.040 and start to overhear someone else's conversation that you had 0:06:38.080 --> 0:06:41.120 no business being in in the first place. Actually, I've 0:06:41.120 --> 0:06:43.839 been in several of those conversations as well, where I 0:06:43.880 --> 0:06:46.719 had no business being in that conversation. But in those 0:06:46.720 --> 0:06:48.960 cases it wasn't due to interference, was just due to chatty. 0:06:49.040 --> 0:06:53.159 Cathy's right there, you know. An Actually, that's funny in 0:06:53.160 --> 0:06:55.320 a way because if you think about it, it sort 0:06:55.360 --> 0:06:59.520 of hearkens back to the time of the party line 0:06:59.720 --> 0:07:03.960 on on wired telephones, on landlines, um, so that that 0:07:04.040 --> 0:07:06.960 sort of lingers in the past for both technologies. So 0:07:07.360 --> 0:07:11.040 these technologies, these these standards were pretty much the only 0:07:11.080 --> 0:07:14.720 thing available throughout the eighties and into the early nineties, 0:07:15.160 --> 0:07:17.080 and it was only in the early nineties when we 0:07:17.280 --> 0:07:21.680 began to switch from analog cellular systems to digital cellular systems. 0:07:22.360 --> 0:07:28.200 So now we had a new competing standards. I'd kind 0:07:28.200 --> 0:07:31.000 of like to to stop here to talk about sell 0:07:31.120 --> 0:07:34.640 phones and why they're called cell phones because, um, you know, 0:07:34.840 --> 0:07:39.000 as you're traveling, the signal from one tower will peter 0:07:39.080 --> 0:07:41.680 out when you get to a certain point. Um, as 0:07:41.720 --> 0:07:44.320 long as you are within range of that tower, you 0:07:44.320 --> 0:07:46.800 should be able to talk to somebody. But UM, the 0:07:46.840 --> 0:07:49.240 thing is that it only works as long as you're 0:07:49.320 --> 0:07:52.760 in range of some kind of communications based So they 0:07:53.320 --> 0:07:55.080 put these in different areas, and of course when they're 0:07:55.080 --> 0:07:58.360 mapping that out, UM, they're trying to get a good 0:07:58.400 --> 0:08:01.360 idea of the coverage area is UM. And they have 0:08:01.480 --> 0:08:05.680 to of course, uh negotiate with different property owners to 0:08:06.040 --> 0:08:09.560 allow these towers to be built. UM. And the reason 0:08:09.600 --> 0:08:12.120 I'm bringing that up now is this, this first generation 0:08:12.160 --> 0:08:14.240 came to be known as cell phones because you would 0:08:14.240 --> 0:08:17.960 travel from one cell the area of of transmission to another, 0:08:18.440 --> 0:08:20.840 and you would hop from tower to tower. Of course, 0:08:21.200 --> 0:08:24.440 UM handshake that would take place, that would hand you 0:08:24.520 --> 0:08:28.320 off from one another tower exactly. And the funny thing 0:08:28.360 --> 0:08:32.360 to me is that around the time of this second generation, 0:08:33.080 --> 0:08:36.320 when we switched from analonger digital, I remember that a 0:08:36.360 --> 0:08:39.719 lot of the marketing that went on was going on 0:08:39.880 --> 0:08:42.280 was trying to say, oh, well, we're not a cell 0:08:42.320 --> 0:08:47.839 phone provider, we're a wireless service provider. And it's it's 0:08:47.840 --> 0:08:49.520 funny because I think they were trying to use that 0:08:49.559 --> 0:08:52.520 as a distinguishing difference in the technology. But if you 0:08:52.600 --> 0:08:56.680 heard that, um, it wasn't so much that the I mean, 0:08:56.760 --> 0:08:59.640 you're still traveling from one area of transmission to another 0:08:59.679 --> 0:09:02.000 area transmission. It has to be handed off from one 0:09:02.000 --> 0:09:04.400 tower to the next. But um, they wanted to call 0:09:04.440 --> 0:09:07.360 it something different just to identify that, Hey, you're you're 0:09:07.360 --> 0:09:10.600 on digital. Now you're on a better quality service. You 0:09:10.600 --> 0:09:12.440 have more features and that kind of stuff. You don't 0:09:12.440 --> 0:09:14.080 have to worry about interference the same way you did 0:09:14.080 --> 0:09:17.600 with analog. There are a lot of differences. So in 0:09:17.640 --> 0:09:22.040 Europe that's where Global System for Mobile began. That's g 0:09:22.320 --> 0:09:26.360 s M, and that standard became pretty prevalent throughout Europe 0:09:26.400 --> 0:09:28.480 and in other parts of the world as well. The 0:09:28.559 --> 0:09:30.679 United States also got some g s M. But in 0:09:30.760 --> 0:09:33.200 the U s the there were two other standards that 0:09:33.280 --> 0:09:37.920 started to pop up. One was d AMPS, so Digital 0:09:38.040 --> 0:09:41.880 AMPS system, and then there was a system from Qualcom 0:09:42.160 --> 0:09:47.520 called i S nine five, which stands for Interim Standard. Now, 0:09:47.520 --> 0:09:52.440 this would eventually evolve into code division multiple access phones 0:09:52.640 --> 0:09:56.200 or c d M A, and so C d M 0:09:56.240 --> 0:10:00.120 A phones and G s M phones are not compatible. Okay, 0:10:00.160 --> 0:10:02.640 so we've gotten into the second generation of the standards. 0:10:02.640 --> 0:10:07.600 But you cannot, uh, you cannot switch out the components 0:10:07.640 --> 0:10:09.200 of a c d c d M A phone and 0:10:09.200 --> 0:10:10.880 G s M phone and have them work. You can't 0:10:11.080 --> 0:10:13.440 go from a c d M A network to a 0:10:13.480 --> 0:10:18.080 GSM network or vice versa. So unless you will, you 0:10:18.080 --> 0:10:20.200 you can if you have a phone that will do that, 0:10:20.240 --> 0:10:21.560 but you have to have a phone that will be 0:10:21.559 --> 0:10:24.079 able to communicate on multiple standards. The phone that does that, yeah, 0:10:24.160 --> 0:10:26.920 has multiple chips and so, in other words, essentially a 0:10:26.920 --> 0:10:29.040 phone that is allows you to do both c d 0:10:29.160 --> 0:10:32.320 M A and G s M has both sets of 0:10:32.920 --> 0:10:35.360 circuitry in the phone, right, Yeah, I just wanted to 0:10:35.360 --> 0:10:38.280 clear that up before someone. Right, a standard phone on 0:10:38.280 --> 0:10:40.280 one of those systems cannot cross over to the other 0:10:41.000 --> 0:10:44.240 now and go ahead, I'm sorry. I had a the 0:10:44.240 --> 0:10:46.400 phone I had after the bag phone was on a 0:10:46.440 --> 0:10:50.719 competing technology to that too, which was a PCs phone. Um. 0:10:50.800 --> 0:10:54.720 Now that was used much less on some of the others, 0:10:54.800 --> 0:10:56.400 and these are these were the ones that were the 0:10:56.400 --> 0:11:00.000 widespread standards. So when someone says it to G phone, 0:11:00.000 --> 0:11:02.640 and they usually are talking about something that's running on 0:11:02.679 --> 0:11:05.560 this old G S M or I S N five 0:11:05.640 --> 0:11:09.000 or possibly C d um a uh the and these 0:11:09.000 --> 0:11:12.680 standards also did not have a lot of support for data. 0:11:13.480 --> 0:11:16.480 They had more so than the analog systems did, but 0:11:16.960 --> 0:11:19.679 it still was not ideal. And in fact, the earliest 0:11:19.679 --> 0:11:22.760 two G phones, the best way to send data besides 0:11:22.840 --> 0:11:26.480 text messages was to use something called circuit switched data, 0:11:26.880 --> 0:11:30.080 which involved actually placing a call almost like it's a 0:11:30.120 --> 0:11:34.559 modem placing a call to another number and then engaging 0:11:34.640 --> 0:11:37.640 this circuit switched data, which could send information at about 0:11:37.679 --> 0:11:40.760 fourteen point four kill a bits per second h and 0:11:40.960 --> 0:11:44.800 uh so still not a great experience if you wanted 0:11:44.840 --> 0:11:47.800 to have something like a smartphone. It just wasn't really practical. Yeah, 0:11:47.840 --> 0:11:51.559 the information I have says that the second generation network 0:11:51.960 --> 0:11:54.760 second generation networks could hit somewhere in the neighborhood of 0:11:54.840 --> 0:12:00.640 twenty kill a bits per second um maximum And then really, yeah, 0:12:00.679 --> 0:12:03.559 and when we start talking about maximums, you guys should 0:12:03.600 --> 0:12:06.840 know that we're talking about like in the labs, because 0:12:06.880 --> 0:12:09.160 every time we talk about any standard and we talk 0:12:09.240 --> 0:12:13.839 about it's maximum speed. That's almost never going to happen 0:12:13.920 --> 0:12:17.880 in a real world test. So if you stand right here, 0:12:18.000 --> 0:12:20.840 right next to the box, you can get oh, let's 0:12:20.840 --> 0:12:22.720 put that down. I noticed that your pants are glowing. 0:12:22.840 --> 0:12:27.160 But you're getting great service. Um. So next with too 0:12:27.160 --> 0:12:29.280 close with g s M, they got a little bit 0:12:29.280 --> 0:12:32.120 of a boost because actually quite a bit of a boost. 0:12:32.480 --> 0:12:37.520 The General Packett Radio Service g p r S integrated 0:12:37.559 --> 0:12:40.800 with g s M, which created the ability to have 0:12:40.880 --> 0:12:44.960 a persistent data connection over g s M. Now again, 0:12:45.000 --> 0:12:48.640 like that that circuit switched data approach that was not 0:12:48.760 --> 0:12:52.120 that's not persistent, right, you have to initiate it. It's 0:12:52.240 --> 0:12:54.640 during a live call and then you turn it off. 0:12:55.600 --> 0:12:58.840 But GPRS allowed for a persistent data connection so you 0:12:58.880 --> 0:13:01.800 could send data, could be asynchronous. You no longer had 0:13:01.840 --> 0:13:04.600 to connect directly in order to UH to be able 0:13:04.600 --> 0:13:06.680 to get data. If you think about it, it's almost 0:13:06.760 --> 0:13:09.760 like a DSL connection on a phone line. You can 0:13:09.760 --> 0:13:12.480 be on the phone and on the computer at the 0:13:12.559 --> 0:13:15.840 same time. Now, those those signals are traveling through the 0:13:15.920 --> 0:13:19.160 same copper wire, but in a different part of it, 0:13:19.200 --> 0:13:21.480 so they're they're as they're asynchronous you don't have to 0:13:21.480 --> 0:13:23.960 do them at the same time. Um. One of the 0:13:24.000 --> 0:13:27.560 things that two G UH switching over to digital too 0:13:28.080 --> 0:13:31.720 enabled us to do was to use U UM different 0:13:31.760 --> 0:13:35.120 features like call our I D things that weren't available before, 0:13:35.320 --> 0:13:38.760 or voicemail and um uh you know, at least according 0:13:38.800 --> 0:13:42.520 to the information that that I've downloaded from from Motorola, 0:13:42.679 --> 0:13:45.880 I mean, things like push to talk um those services 0:13:45.880 --> 0:13:49.520 were not available before. And of course the short Message service. 0:13:50.000 --> 0:13:52.960 This is when we started texting. Of course, you know 0:13:53.000 --> 0:13:55.400 when you're doing that with a U with a two 0:13:55.440 --> 0:13:57.800 G cell phone, you don't have a keyboard. You are 0:13:57.840 --> 0:14:03.920 doing this with uh, you know number four four one, 0:14:04.240 --> 0:14:08.040 not one, but the other number. So this G p 0:14:08.200 --> 0:14:11.200 R S integration with G s M that actually made 0:14:11.200 --> 0:14:14.280 things a little more complicated because now you suddenly had 0:14:14.280 --> 0:14:18.920 a standard that was faster than the other two G standards. 0:14:19.160 --> 0:14:22.640 So why do you call it? And here the other thing, 0:14:23.200 --> 0:14:26.160 here's the other problems that the United Nations Telecommunications Union 0:14:26.600 --> 0:14:30.360 came up with a set of requirements that you would 0:14:30.400 --> 0:14:33.080 have to meet in order to call your technology three G. 0:14:34.040 --> 0:14:36.440 So in this case, it's not it's not a question 0:14:36.480 --> 0:14:38.360 of how much time has passed it's not even a 0:14:38.440 --> 0:14:40.960 question of whether or not it's a new technology. It 0:14:41.040 --> 0:14:46.120 has to meet certain UM ground level requirements to qualifies 0:14:46.160 --> 0:14:50.160 three G. Well, even with the g p r S integration, 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:52.880 g s M was not hitting the three G requirements, 0:14:52.880 --> 0:14:57.040 which were at least two megabits megabits per second download 0:14:57.080 --> 0:15:00.840 speed UM if you were stationary, so if you're if 0:15:00.880 --> 0:15:03.880 you're staying still with a H three G set, it 0:15:03.880 --> 0:15:05.400 had to be able to get at least two megabits 0:15:05.440 --> 0:15:08.000 per second of data or if you were mobile, it 0:15:08.000 --> 0:15:11.240 had to be at least three kill bits per second. Well, 0:15:11.280 --> 0:15:15.160 GSM what GPRS could not do that. So now we 0:15:15.200 --> 0:15:19.280 refer to that as a two point five G technology 0:15:19.400 --> 0:15:21.720 because it's faster than two G, but it doesn't quite 0:15:21.760 --> 0:15:25.240 meet three G requirements. This is I think too about 0:15:25.240 --> 0:15:28.240 the time that we started talking about generations. I don't 0:15:28.360 --> 0:15:30.200 I don't think a lot of people when I when 0:15:30.200 --> 0:15:33.920 I heard people talking about the second generation of UH 0:15:34.240 --> 0:15:37.960 cellular technology, I heard them calling it digital or wireless 0:15:38.080 --> 0:15:40.640 or PCs or you know, they had some other name 0:15:40.680 --> 0:15:43.240 for it. They weren't saying, hey, move up to two 0:15:43.320 --> 0:15:46.920 G UM. But I think when it started UH, when 0:15:46.960 --> 0:15:50.040 we started getting into these newer technologies as uh, the 0:15:50.080 --> 0:15:53.080 g p R S. We started hearing, well, this is 0:15:53.240 --> 0:15:55.360 you know, we're not at three G yet, this is 0:15:55.400 --> 0:15:57.880 two point five G. And that's when you started hearing 0:15:57.920 --> 0:16:01.240 it used as a public not not something that the 0:16:01.280 --> 0:16:04.240 industry would talk about within itself, but to the public. 0:16:04.240 --> 0:16:06.440 People said, oh, well, this is a this is more 0:16:06.480 --> 0:16:11.480 than a second generations a shorthand really yeah, and it 0:16:11.520 --> 0:16:14.040 gets even more complicated here. All right, So the three 0:16:14.080 --> 0:16:17.720 G standard is set by the United Nations. Alright, So 0:16:18.080 --> 0:16:22.880 g s MS next generation was Universal Mobile Telecommunications System 0:16:23.160 --> 0:16:26.680 u m t S. It starts getting built out. However, 0:16:27.360 --> 0:16:29.760 around that same time as u m t S network 0:16:29.800 --> 0:16:32.920 start getting rolled out, another kind of network starts rolling 0:16:32.920 --> 0:16:35.360 out called c d m A two thousands. So this 0:16:35.440 --> 0:16:37.920 is back to the other standard, the one that's prevalent 0:16:37.960 --> 0:16:41.560 in the United States. Yes, that goes back to two 0:16:41.560 --> 0:16:43.280 and a half G. That's why it's even more confusing 0:16:43.320 --> 0:16:46.240 because you have a legitimate three G network rolling out 0:16:46.280 --> 0:16:49.000 that's u m t S, at the same time as 0:16:49.000 --> 0:16:51.600 a legitimate three G network is rolling out at two 0:16:51.600 --> 0:16:53.920 point five networks rolling out called c d m A 0:16:53.960 --> 0:16:56.280 two thousand. This won't be the last time something like 0:16:56.320 --> 0:16:58.360 this happens. No, here's another one. In fact, I'm going 0:16:58.400 --> 0:17:00.000 to go ahead and do it now because otherwise I'm 0:17:00.040 --> 0:17:03.040 going to lose my own mind, all right, So here's 0:17:03.080 --> 0:17:06.000 the second one, which is the Enhanced Data Rates for 0:17:06.080 --> 0:17:10.680 g S M Evolution or EDGE Network. Now you've got 0:17:10.720 --> 0:17:13.280 the successor to g S M U M T S 0:17:13.359 --> 0:17:16.919 that's rolling out. But here's the thing. Not all carriers, 0:17:17.080 --> 0:17:20.600 not all networks, are going to be able to upgrade 0:17:20.920 --> 0:17:24.480 at the same level of scale and speed as others. 0:17:25.200 --> 0:17:28.280 But they still want to be able to have really 0:17:28.320 --> 0:17:30.280 good service because if they don't, then they're going to 0:17:30.359 --> 0:17:33.360 lose all their customers to networks that have better service. Right, 0:17:34.000 --> 0:17:35.800 this is not the last time that will happen either. 0:17:35.920 --> 0:17:39.679 So this means that there needed to be some something 0:17:39.760 --> 0:17:43.320 in between two point five G and three G so 0:17:43.400 --> 0:17:48.000 that these other carriers could stay afloat while they are 0:17:48.119 --> 0:17:51.720 working on upgrading their networks. And so that was the 0:17:51.760 --> 0:17:54.800 development of EDGE, the Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution. 0:17:55.359 --> 0:17:59.840 It was developed after three G standards were created, but 0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:02.520 made so that it could boost two point five G 0:18:02.720 --> 0:18:06.600 speeds enough so that people wouldn't just abandon it wholesale. 0:18:06.640 --> 0:18:09.760 So some people will go and call EDGE a two 0:18:09.800 --> 0:18:13.800 point seven five G, which makes you go crazy because 0:18:13.800 --> 0:18:16.880 again it came after three G. Did. Well, let's let's 0:18:16.880 --> 0:18:20.040 talk a little bit about the data too, because um, 0:18:20.160 --> 0:18:24.280 the g p r S connections would average around thirty 0:18:24.359 --> 0:18:26.640 to forty kill a bits per second, although you could 0:18:26.640 --> 0:18:29.440 get up to about a D fourteen. Again in the 0:18:29.560 --> 0:18:32.679 lab UM, c d M A two thousand could do 0:18:32.800 --> 0:18:37.560 about six eight normally, but uh, uh could probably hit 0:18:37.600 --> 0:18:41.200 around a hundred and forty four killabits per second, and 0:18:41.200 --> 0:18:44.920 and EDGE was a step up at three and eighty 0:18:45.000 --> 0:18:49.639 four killabits per second maximum UM. And uh, you know 0:18:49.680 --> 0:18:52.680 the g p RS and EDGE were both uh forks 0:18:52.760 --> 0:18:56.000 off the g s M tree. UM. And of course 0:18:56.000 --> 0:18:59.280 c d M A two thousand was c d M 0:18:59.280 --> 0:19:02.199 A right, yeah, the and the one that followed up 0:19:02.240 --> 0:19:04.520 c d UM A two thousand was e v d O, 0:19:04.680 --> 0:19:08.800 which is evolution data optimized. Well, I do have another 0:19:09.040 --> 0:19:11.240 two point seven five which is e g p r 0:19:11.440 --> 0:19:16.280 S two. Okay, so another another advance on the general 0:19:16.280 --> 0:19:20.160 Packet Radio service integration exactly, but it's UM, it's only 0:19:20.440 --> 0:19:23.920 you know, this is also a synchronous because it will 0:19:23.960 --> 0:19:28.600 do uh four D seventy three kilobits per second upstream 0:19:28.680 --> 0:19:33.560 and one point to megabits per second downstream. UM. That means, uh, 0:19:33.560 --> 0:19:36.719 it's slower when it's sending data from your phone to 0:19:36.760 --> 0:19:39.720 the network, and faster as a download, which is something 0:19:39.760 --> 0:19:41.879 you would want. Is that that generally is a consumer 0:19:43.600 --> 0:19:47.600 in almost every every four of network I've seen. Did 0:19:47.600 --> 0:19:49.240 you want to talk about the features two of the 0:19:49.280 --> 0:19:51.480 two and a half G, because this is when we 0:19:51.520 --> 0:19:57.480 started getting MMS, the multi media mess multi media message service, UM, 0:19:57.520 --> 0:20:01.760 basic web browsing, UM, local Asian based services, just really 0:20:01.800 --> 0:20:04.680 basic stuff. I mean, UM, you know there are some 0:20:04.720 --> 0:20:07.080 apps that run better because all they have to do 0:20:07.119 --> 0:20:09.760 is send a short bit of information. So these kinds 0:20:09.760 --> 0:20:11.960 of things started getting off the ground, but not to 0:20:12.000 --> 0:20:15.239 the point where they are now. UM and and and 0:20:15.280 --> 0:20:17.680 the two point seven five stepped it up a bit 0:20:17.680 --> 0:20:20.560 in terms of speed and improvements, But three G was 0:20:20.680 --> 0:20:22.800 really the big change. Yeah, that's where you've got the 0:20:22.880 --> 0:20:24.720 U M T S which came first. That was the 0:20:24.760 --> 0:20:27.240 G s M version, So G S M S U 0:20:27.359 --> 0:20:29.920 M T S uh that that began to develop and 0:20:30.040 --> 0:20:33.560 roll out first, and then eventually CDMA two thousand successor 0:20:33.800 --> 0:20:36.959 e V d OH joined it. So those were the 0:20:36.960 --> 0:20:42.280 three G standards that that really started to create the 0:20:42.280 --> 0:20:45.720 the environment that was necessary to have a really robust 0:20:46.320 --> 0:20:50.679 smartphone type experience. Although we can remember when the you know, 0:20:50.920 --> 0:20:53.840 I remember when the iPhone went three G m M, 0:20:54.040 --> 0:20:56.399 so it's kind of interesting that, you know, there was 0:20:56.440 --> 0:20:59.879 a time where even the iPhone wasn't tapping into these 0:21:00.080 --> 0:21:04.000 these uh these standards. Well. Of course, moving to three 0:21:04.040 --> 0:21:06.840 G gave you full motion video, you could listen to 0:21:07.000 --> 0:21:11.080 music online, and uh you know, gave us faster uh 0:21:11.160 --> 0:21:15.440 internet access in general. UM. Now, as far as U 0:21:15.520 --> 0:21:17.840 M T S, it could do about two megabits per 0:21:17.880 --> 0:21:21.000 second UM, which is that's that's right there at the 0:21:21.000 --> 0:21:23.879 threshold for three G. Yeah, and it's also a little 0:21:23.880 --> 0:21:28.320 bit faster than a lot of DSL connections. You know, 0:21:28.440 --> 0:21:31.159 I'm still pretty common in the United States anyway to 0:21:31.160 --> 0:21:34.120 see a one point five megabit per second DSL connection 0:21:34.680 --> 0:21:38.200 UM and uh C d M A two thousand uh 0:21:38.359 --> 0:21:41.280 E V d O revision A would do up to 0:21:41.560 --> 0:21:44.879 three point one megabits per second. That was a revised 0:21:45.000 --> 0:21:47.040 version of e B d oh. Yeah. In fact, that 0:21:47.080 --> 0:21:51.840 revision ended up causing another discussion about whether or not 0:21:51.960 --> 0:21:55.000 that should be called three G or three point five G. 0:21:55.760 --> 0:21:58.240 So eventually some people will go ahead and say that 0:21:58.320 --> 0:22:00.440 e v d O or Revision A is three point 0:22:00.440 --> 0:22:03.960 five G because the speeds, the increasing speed was significant 0:22:04.080 --> 0:22:07.400 enough to boost it up beyond three G, but it's 0:22:07.400 --> 0:22:12.040 still far as fall below what the International Telecomunsion Telecommunications 0:22:12.119 --> 0:22:18.199 Union Radio Communications Sector specified as the requirements for four G, 0:22:18.359 --> 0:22:20.800 which we'll talk about the second. Yeah, I also have 0:22:20.920 --> 0:22:23.520 a e v d O or Vision B clocking in 0:22:23.600 --> 0:22:28.560 and about forty six or so megabets per second UM, 0:22:28.600 --> 0:22:30.639 which some people call a three point five G, and 0:22:30.680 --> 0:22:35.080 then there's h S d P A UM. Yeah, alright, 0:22:35.119 --> 0:22:38.040