WEBVTT - How Fighting Asteroids Works

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<v Speaker 1>Welcome to Stuff from the Science Lab from how stuff

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<v Speaker 1>works dot com. Wow, guy us, and welcome to the podcast.

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<v Speaker 1>This is Alison d'Or with, the science editor at how

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<v Speaker 1>stuff works dot com. And this is Robert Lamb, science

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<v Speaker 1>writer for how stuff works dot com. So you we're

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<v Speaker 1>talking about fighting asteroids, some of our best strategies for

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<v Speaker 1>fighting these bad boys in the sky. Yeah, these um

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<v Speaker 1>near Earth asteroids or any a's. So what do you

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<v Speaker 1>think the chances are we'll make it through this podcast

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<v Speaker 1>without getting struck by an any a? Um? Well, what

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<v Speaker 1>are your best estimates, robber best estimates? Well, if I

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<v Speaker 1>wanted to tempt fate, I would just say there's a

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<v Speaker 1>zero percent chance that an asteroid would take us out

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<v Speaker 1>before we're done here. But there's always a chance point.

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<v Speaker 1>Oh maybe that's pretty high, is it? Yeah? Well, what

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<v Speaker 1>are the acts? What do the experts say? Well, the

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<v Speaker 1>experts diverge wildly this topic. Actually, I mean, we get

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<v Speaker 1>people who are saying one in ten will add odds

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<v Speaker 1>of us being hit by a near Earth asteroid the planet,

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<v Speaker 1>not the podcast, right, yeah, the planet one in ten

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<v Speaker 1>in the next century. And then you have people who

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<v Speaker 1>are saying, you know, maybe more like one in three thousand.

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<v Speaker 1>But one thing they do agree on is it's a

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<v Speaker 1>question of when and not if. Certainly um. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>if we need any proof of that, you just look

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<v Speaker 1>around the Earth or just look at the Moon. We've

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<v Speaker 1>seen how things have have These asteroids have wiped out

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<v Speaker 1>Earth or at least notably redecorated it um in the past, right, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>with the signs are there, and human time is just

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<v Speaker 1>nothing compared to the cosmic time we're dealing with. Right,

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<v Speaker 1>space is infinitely patient. They'll get us sooner or later. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>what are we gonna do? That's the big question, right, Yeah, Well,

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<v Speaker 1>NASA definitely has an interest in this, and it's a

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<v Speaker 1>it's floated some ideas before, but there are plenty of

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<v Speaker 1>observatories all around the world that are searching the skies

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<v Speaker 1>and keep in chock of these um any as, if

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<v Speaker 1>you will. And what an ny A is, specifically, um

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<v Speaker 1>is a asteroid that's greater than a kilometer in size.

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<v Speaker 1>So those are the ones that scientists think could really

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<v Speaker 1>have the most damage, worldwide damage and could result in

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<v Speaker 1>your favorite topic, civilization destruction or whatever, the end of

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<v Speaker 1>the world nuclear impact, the impact winter, Yeah, which is

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<v Speaker 1>like nuclear winter, except it would be caused by an

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<v Speaker 1>asteroid hitting the Earth. And that's also what some people

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<v Speaker 1>think happened to the dinosaurs with the what was it

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<v Speaker 1>the KT boundary, Yeah, K boundary. And then you have

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<v Speaker 1>smaller scale staff too, like Tunska or the big old

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<v Speaker 1>crater down in Ukatan. So so there's plenty of evidence

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<v Speaker 1>of these guys hit in the Earth before. So we've

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<v Speaker 1>come up with some plans to to foil these asteroids,

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<v Speaker 1>and we should emphasize that they're all on the very

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<v Speaker 1>very very beginning stages. Right there's you know, some of them,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, Nasty a scientist or whoever have have actually

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<v Speaker 1>you know, worked out schematics and plans for other things.

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<v Speaker 1>We're dealing very much with the theoretical. Um yeah, almost

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<v Speaker 1>science science fiction. Yeah, a lot of a lot of

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<v Speaker 1>stuff is gonna sound pretty sci fi. Yeah, I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>what do you I mean, that's what you get when

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<v Speaker 1>you get a bunch of scientists in the same room

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<v Speaker 1>and stuff like the Planetary Defense Council. You know, they're

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<v Speaker 1>just gonna come up with some crazy ideas. And we're

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<v Speaker 1>going to talk about some of those ideas today right now. Inevitably,

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<v Speaker 1>like earlier we talked about, you know, stopping a hurricane,

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<v Speaker 1>and of course one of the instant things again to

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<v Speaker 1>mind was can we blow it up with a nuclear weapon?

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<v Speaker 1>So of course people have thought about asteroids the same way.

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<v Speaker 1>Can't we just launch a nuclear missile at it and

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<v Speaker 1>blow it up and then we don't have to worry

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<v Speaker 1>about it anymore? Right? Right? Wrong? Because the whole the

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<v Speaker 1>whole thing is that if you it's not not necessarily

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<v Speaker 1>like that video of the video game Asteroids, right, is

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<v Speaker 1>that what it was called asteroids? Yeah? Sorry, I was

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<v Speaker 1>a very good at it. Yeah, where you just you

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<v Speaker 1>blow them up, don't have to worry about them anymore.

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<v Speaker 1>In reality, though, it would turn an incoming asteroid into

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<v Speaker 1>like asteroid shrapnel, into they're just like cosmic buckshot coming

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<v Speaker 1>towards the planet. Like you might be able to turn

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<v Speaker 1>and say that one of those one kilometer wide civilization

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<v Speaker 1>busters into a whole bunch of smaller ones. But each

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<v Speaker 1>of these smaller ones could then still cause catastrophic damaged

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<v Speaker 1>wherever they hit. So the idea is to not destroy

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<v Speaker 1>the asteroid, but deflected change its course a little. Because

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<v Speaker 1>we're a very small, tiny speck in the universe and

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<v Speaker 1>in the galaxy. So why you know, there's plenty of

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<v Speaker 1>room out there. Let's just push these guys aside and

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<v Speaker 1>let them carry on their business elsewhere. So you detonate

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<v Speaker 1>the nuke in the vicinity of the aside. You would

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<v Speaker 1>perform a stand off clear blast. I think, yes, you

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<v Speaker 1>perform a standoff nuclear blast. And the idea here is, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>you you detonate the nuclear weapon a good distance from

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<v Speaker 1>the asteroid from the incoming asteroid, and not the blast,

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<v Speaker 1>but the radiation that moves out from the blast would

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<v Speaker 1>push the asteroid off course. Okay, okay, I see that.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's kind of like throwing like a bowling ball

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<v Speaker 1>and a kid's pool to move it a little toy

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<v Speaker 1>butter right. Yeah, if you can imagine like a kid's

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<v Speaker 1>pool with a boat in it, throw a bowling ball

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<v Speaker 1>in and the waves from the bowling ball would move

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<v Speaker 1>a little boat. Okay, all right, So we got nukes

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<v Speaker 1>and then tagging onto this is this thing called the

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<v Speaker 1>kinetic um. What is it called the kinetic Oh yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>just a Well, NASA has has laid out designs for

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<v Speaker 1>a nuclear interceptor which would in theory, deliver these nuclear

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<v Speaker 1>warheads to deliver a standoff nuclear blast, but they also

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<v Speaker 1>have a kinetic interceptor. In the early planning stages, and

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<v Speaker 1>basically the whole idea here is people were saying, Hey,

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<v Speaker 1>I don't know. You know, we're trying to disarm the planet,

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<v Speaker 1>so we don't destroy ourselves with nuclear weapons. Maybe you

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<v Speaker 1>know we we don't need to keep them around just

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<v Speaker 1>to try and blow up asteroids or knock them off course. Um,

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<v Speaker 1>So the people say, we can just use kinetic energy

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<v Speaker 1>to send the asteroid off of its path of destruction.

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<v Speaker 1>And that just means what it sounds like, taking the

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<v Speaker 1>spaceship without a new Google weapon in it, um rocket, etcetera,

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<v Speaker 1>and just running it straight into the asteroid, not enough

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<v Speaker 1>to shatter it into a million pieces or anything, but

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<v Speaker 1>enough to just tap it. Yeah, I give it a

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<v Speaker 1>little nudge off course, little galactic nudge is what we're

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<v Speaker 1>after here. I'm crazy hit thing here is you really

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<v Speaker 1>don't need um much of an impact if you get

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<v Speaker 1>it far enough ahead of far enough ahead of time. Um.

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<v Speaker 1>Over at space dot com, they were saying that a

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<v Speaker 1>mile per hour impact would be enough to divert the

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<v Speaker 1>asteroid by like a hundred seventy thousand miles if you

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<v Speaker 1>got to it in time. And so I think that

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<v Speaker 1>would be like a twenty years ahead of the predicted collisions.

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<v Speaker 1>We're talking like electric car speed bam right into it. Yeah. Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>And then I mean as outside of the nukes, there's

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<v Speaker 1>this whole um body of tactics that involves solar radiation. Yes,

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<v Speaker 1>we have several designs that involve solar powered or old mechanics.

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<v Speaker 1>And to to really understand this first again, think about

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<v Speaker 1>the nuke blowing up in the radiation, pushing the the

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<v Speaker 1>asteroid off course. Now think about a really sunny day.

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<v Speaker 1>What are you gonna wear outside? Are you're gonna wear

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<v Speaker 1>a black robe or you're gonna wear like a white

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<v Speaker 1>pant suit. I'm never gonna wear a white pant suit,

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<v Speaker 1>but yessing in this in this scenario, yes, I would

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<v Speaker 1>wear the white pants suits exact because because it deflects

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<v Speaker 1>more solar radiation than it absorbs, whereas the black robe

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<v Speaker 1>would just absorb all the solar radiation. So one particular

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<v Speaker 1>plan calls for essentially dressing the asteroid in a white

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<v Speaker 1>pant suit, or more accurately painting it or dusting it

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<v Speaker 1>a lighter color, because then it will deflect more solar radiation,

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<v Speaker 1>and the solar radiation will then give it enough of

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<v Speaker 1>a push to move it off course. Right, It will

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<v Speaker 1>end up put pushing off. The solar radiation that is

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<v Speaker 1>deflected off of the asteroid will push it off of

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<v Speaker 1>its current course. And that's good for us, right, Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and and like so we like the white pants suit. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>this is a good option. The problem though, is in

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<v Speaker 1>actually applying this light colored dusting to the asteroid, because

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<v Speaker 1>they're they're not really clear on that. I mean, Robert

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<v Speaker 1>and I talked to maybe about like a crop duster

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<v Speaker 1>type of approach. But the mechanics of painting something white,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, while it's moving, and you know, landing there

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<v Speaker 1>in the first place are are certainly the idea of

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<v Speaker 1>landing a crew of little robots that will gradually paint

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<v Speaker 1>the whole thing. Yeah, put some advertising slogos. Can you

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<v Speaker 1>imagine how much of those would go? First? Oh yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>Sea Rock City and print on the side of the asteroid.

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<v Speaker 1>And then in the same solar radiation body of ideas,

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<v Speaker 1>we have the solar cell right and this, uh, this

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<v Speaker 1>is a very similar idea. And instead of painting it

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<v Speaker 1>or you know, or dusting it. You just choice to

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<v Speaker 1>sail up a big solar solar panel just mounted to

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<v Speaker 1>the top of the asteroid, which you know, we we've

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<v Speaker 1>we've landed things on asteroids before, so it can be done. Indeed,

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<v Speaker 1>we have arrows. However, we haven't really set up shop

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<v Speaker 1>on any of these asteroids. We haven't like erected any

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<v Speaker 1>kind of a structure that so some people say we

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<v Speaker 1>would want to control it we basically steer the asteroid,

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<v Speaker 1>and then other people were like, the things going to

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<v Speaker 1>be spinning, you know. Um, it's just they're saying it's

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<v Speaker 1>not very They're saying it would be very difficult to navigate. Yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>an asteroid with a sale on top. OHI mani um.

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<v Speaker 1>And then there's another solar radiation tactic that we've got

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<v Speaker 1>in the books. Yes there is, um and this one

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<v Speaker 1>nut is pretty cool because it sounds very much like

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<v Speaker 1>something Wiley Coyote would would pull out. And that is

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<v Speaker 1>the big solar net. Ah, yes, right, the solar net.

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<v Speaker 1>And this isn't really what you picture. I mean because

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<v Speaker 1>we talked about this at first, and I just picture

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<v Speaker 1>you know, the population of the world kind of holding

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<v Speaker 1>this net up to block the Earth from this catastrophic asteroid.

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<v Speaker 1>It's on its way in and then bang, you know

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<v Speaker 1>that the net holds up at the last minute and

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<v Speaker 1>it's rocketed back into space. But that is not actually

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<v Speaker 1>not quite the approach that the scientists have a have

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<v Speaker 1>for this one. It's more about draping the astrat in

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<v Speaker 1>question in this giant net that would be made of

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<v Speaker 1>a solar reflective substance, and again trying to generate that

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<v Speaker 1>solar radiation effect. But the problem here, of course is

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<v Speaker 1>draping an asteroid with the net is um not the

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<v Speaker 1>easiest task to carry out. Yeah, I mean, how you

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<v Speaker 1>can get up there? You just can hold it and

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<v Speaker 1>you know, let it fly through it. You're gonna put

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<v Speaker 1>leaves over it and throughout some asteroid bait. I mean,

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<v Speaker 1>fishermen have a hard enough time untangling their nets in

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<v Speaker 1>the ocean. I can't imagine us doing it in outer space. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>And then there's a there's actually one more solar related

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<v Speaker 1>uh deflection technique, but it's a little different. Um, go

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<v Speaker 1>back again to the black robe versus white pantsuit. This

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<v Speaker 1>idea is more black robe related, and this has to

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<v Speaker 1>do with simply using they used to say one big mirror,

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<v Speaker 1>but now most plans are talking about several different mirrors

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<v Speaker 1>to redirect solar radiation, uh, solar energy and concentrated in

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<v Speaker 1>at an uncoming asteroid. Okay. And then the idea is

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<v Speaker 1>the asteroid absorbs the solar radiation and it heats up

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<v Speaker 1>the surface. Right. And and also it's important we wouldn't

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<v Speaker 1>be talking about the entire asteroid. We'll be talking to

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<v Speaker 1>like concentrating in a one area. So this is very

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<v Speaker 1>um you know, it's kind of like the ant and

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<v Speaker 1>the magnifying glass kind of a deal, you know. Um. So,

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<v Speaker 1>they concentrate the solar energy on the asteroid, on this

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<v Speaker 1>one portion of portion of its surface, and then it

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<v Speaker 1>heats up and uh begins to emit vapors. It kind

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<v Speaker 1>of like a debris plume almost right, exactly. Yeah, I

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<v Speaker 1>think they refer to it. And they even used the

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<v Speaker 1>verb eject subjects of debris from the surface. And that

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<v Speaker 1>acts like a thruster. That's stuff rising up from the surface,

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<v Speaker 1>pushing the asteroid off of its original course. Okay, And

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<v Speaker 1>again we have to stress, like like we said earlier,

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<v Speaker 1>we're talking about we're not talking massive changes right after bat.

0:12:05.920 --> 0:12:08.880
<v Speaker 1>We're talking about hitting these things early enough to where

0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:13.120
<v Speaker 1>very small changes will make will ultimately make very large changes.

0:12:13.280 --> 0:12:16.440
<v Speaker 1>So sure, I think they also call this method laser

0:12:16.480 --> 0:12:21.160
<v Speaker 1>sublimation because you're trying to sublimate the surface of the

0:12:21.200 --> 0:12:25.439
<v Speaker 1>atmosphere with that concentrated um son. And then of course

0:12:25.480 --> 0:12:27.960
<v Speaker 1>their rockets. Rockets are always in the picture when you

0:12:28.000 --> 0:12:32.040
<v Speaker 1>discuss any space plan, and this is basically what you

0:12:32.080 --> 0:12:34.640
<v Speaker 1>think it would be, which is just strapping a rocket

0:12:34.720 --> 0:12:39.120
<v Speaker 1>to the asteroid and then um, you know, having that

0:12:39.240 --> 0:12:44.480
<v Speaker 1>propel the asteroid. So the problem with this one, and

0:12:44.520 --> 0:12:46.240
<v Speaker 1>their problems with all of these, as you guys have

0:12:46.240 --> 0:12:50.240
<v Speaker 1>already figured out, is that fuel could be a bit

0:12:50.240 --> 0:12:52.760
<v Speaker 1>of an issue. Yeah, because you've gotta get all the

0:12:52.760 --> 0:12:55.120
<v Speaker 1>way out there to the asteroid that could be what

0:12:55.400 --> 0:12:58.120
<v Speaker 1>like twenty years away, and then once you get the

0:12:58.200 --> 0:13:00.880
<v Speaker 1>rocket mounted on the sir, this, you've got a fuel

0:13:00.880 --> 0:13:03.240
<v Speaker 1>that rocket, so that's going to take fuel as well,

0:13:03.360 --> 0:13:07.480
<v Speaker 1>right right, right, So I don't know if that asteroid

0:13:07.480 --> 0:13:09.760
<v Speaker 1>would look lovely wearing a rocket. So let's move on

0:13:09.800 --> 0:13:13.520
<v Speaker 1>to our next approach, which is the grav tractor. Yeah,

0:13:13.559 --> 0:13:15.920
<v Speaker 1>and this one sounds very sci fi because it's it's

0:13:16.000 --> 0:13:18.920
<v Speaker 1>like tractor beam or something and uh, and it is

0:13:18.960 --> 0:13:22.199
<v Speaker 1>pretty pretty science fiction when you get down to it. Um.

0:13:22.240 --> 0:13:26.600
<v Speaker 1>And this one involves the principle that that in anything

0:13:27.240 --> 0:13:30.280
<v Speaker 1>out there has a it's gonna have a gravitational pull.

0:13:31.400 --> 0:13:34.000
<v Speaker 1>Whether you're talking about an asteroid or man made a spacecraft,

0:13:34.120 --> 0:13:37.960
<v Speaker 1>everything exerves a gravitational pool. So if we were to

0:13:37.960 --> 0:13:40.520
<v Speaker 1>get a big spaceship to go out there to this

0:13:40.600 --> 0:13:44.440
<v Speaker 1>asteroid and sort of hanging out around it or perhaps

0:13:45.040 --> 0:13:48.280
<v Speaker 1>and and then it just sort of begins to move,

0:13:48.640 --> 0:13:52.480
<v Speaker 1>and the asteroid moves with it because it is caught

0:13:52.559 --> 0:13:56.400
<v Speaker 1>up in the ship's gravitational pool. Right, So the tractors

0:13:56.480 --> 0:14:01.720
<v Speaker 1>up acting is kind of a cosmic tugboat, yeah, cosmic tugboat, Yeah,

0:14:01.880 --> 0:14:05.440
<v Speaker 1>pulling the astronaut off its fatal collision course. But again,

0:14:05.480 --> 0:14:07.360
<v Speaker 1>I mean, how how are we going to get this

0:14:07.520 --> 0:14:10.400
<v Speaker 1>giant cosmic tug about tug boat up into the space.

0:14:10.440 --> 0:14:12.040
<v Speaker 1>I mean, we don't have such a good track record

0:14:12.080 --> 0:14:14.520
<v Speaker 1>with getting spacecraft up there now. So if you can

0:14:14.559 --> 0:14:18.320
<v Speaker 1>imagine this giant tug boat being launched, it's it's kind

0:14:18.320 --> 0:14:20.960
<v Speaker 1>of an insane thought to get it out there. And

0:14:21.000 --> 0:14:23.560
<v Speaker 1>then and then how big would it have to be?

0:14:23.840 --> 0:14:26.680
<v Speaker 1>And then I've also read where people were concerned that

0:14:26.840 --> 0:14:29.280
<v Speaker 1>you'd have to have it would have to use thrusters

0:14:29.280 --> 0:14:32.000
<v Speaker 1>to keep from crashing into the asteroid that it's trying

0:14:32.040 --> 0:14:36.520
<v Speaker 1>to pull away, and that could counteract counter at that

0:14:36.520 --> 0:14:40.120
<v Speaker 1>could counter at the gravitational pull right, okay, all right,

0:14:40.280 --> 0:14:42.200
<v Speaker 1>and then of course we get to the robots. I

0:14:42.240 --> 0:14:44.440
<v Speaker 1>love the robots. Yeah, this one. If the last one

0:14:44.640 --> 0:14:47.960
<v Speaker 1>was science fictionally, this one's even more science fiction. Uh.

0:14:48.040 --> 0:14:52.240
<v Speaker 1>And it's just sending hungry robots to the asteroid, which

0:14:52.280 --> 0:14:54.760
<v Speaker 1>is actually that's it's an actual program. This is not

0:14:54.960 --> 0:15:00.000
<v Speaker 1>just a hair brained idea idea NASA's NASA has funded

0:15:00.040 --> 0:15:05.840
<v Speaker 1>the Modular Asteroid Deflection Mission ejector NODE or mad Men project.

0:15:06.120 --> 0:15:08.560
<v Speaker 1>It's really not that different from the rocket idea that

0:15:08.600 --> 0:15:11.400
<v Speaker 1>we discussed earlier. Like we said the rocket to deal

0:15:11.440 --> 0:15:13.080
<v Speaker 1>with the rockets. As you get a rocket there strap

0:15:13.120 --> 0:15:16.120
<v Speaker 1>into the planet, how are you going to fuel it? Right? Well,

0:15:16.200 --> 0:15:19.680
<v Speaker 1>in this case, the asteroid is it is the fuel.

0:15:20.280 --> 0:15:24.680
<v Speaker 1>The robots would chew up the surface and then they

0:15:24.680 --> 0:15:30.040
<v Speaker 1>would eject the material from the surface with a mass driver.

0:15:30.600 --> 0:15:33.120
<v Speaker 1>For in for any of you sci fi fans or

0:15:33.320 --> 0:15:36.160
<v Speaker 1>video game fishion nadas out there, this is a lot

0:15:36.200 --> 0:15:38.200
<v Speaker 1>like a rail gun, and we have an article on

0:15:38.200 --> 0:15:40.360
<v Speaker 1>this side about railguns if you want to learn more

0:15:40.400 --> 0:15:43.240
<v Speaker 1>about that. So, yeah, it's just using electromagnetism and these

0:15:43.280 --> 0:15:47.280
<v Speaker 1>coils to eject material at a really high speed, so

0:15:48.120 --> 0:15:51.320
<v Speaker 1>no fuel needed. The robots would be nuclear powered, and

0:15:51.360 --> 0:15:54.000
<v Speaker 1>they would create their thrust by by just chewing up

0:15:54.000 --> 0:15:56.920
<v Speaker 1>the asteroid and just spitting it. I think that's my favorite.

0:15:57.320 --> 0:15:59.880
<v Speaker 1>I'm not sure it could be the nut the nets

0:16:00.000 --> 0:16:02.560
<v Speaker 1>retty good, but the chewing robots would make a good movie.

0:16:02.800 --> 0:16:06.800
<v Speaker 1>And yeah, definitely, why better than armaged? I'm almost definitely sure.

0:16:07.720 --> 0:16:12.280
<v Speaker 1>So that's really all of the concrete ideas that scientists have.

0:16:12.400 --> 0:16:15.600
<v Speaker 1>And then of course there's always when all those fails panic,

0:16:15.920 --> 0:16:19.440
<v Speaker 1>So you'd want to build a bunker and um, you'd

0:16:19.440 --> 0:16:21.920
<v Speaker 1>want to brush up on your your road for your

0:16:22.080 --> 0:16:28.400
<v Speaker 1>rules and weapons. Definitely definitely. Oh and then here's my

0:16:28.480 --> 0:16:30.480
<v Speaker 1>favorite part. You definitely want to leave a note for

0:16:30.600 --> 0:16:33.840
<v Speaker 1>the next dominant species on Earth that evolves after said

0:16:33.960 --> 0:16:39.200
<v Speaker 1>nuclear winter impact. Yeah, and you want that to be

0:16:39.280 --> 0:16:41.960
<v Speaker 1>the giant squid. I think I think it might be

0:16:42.000 --> 0:16:44.440
<v Speaker 1>the cockroach, although I certainly hope it's not. Maybe they

0:16:44.440 --> 0:16:47.440
<v Speaker 1>can power sharing there, Yeah, If you want to check

0:16:47.480 --> 0:16:50.240
<v Speaker 1>out any of these articles on asteroids or asteroid mining

0:16:50.320 --> 0:16:52.360
<v Speaker 1>or what's going on in space, visit how staff works

0:16:52.440 --> 0:16:57.160
<v Speaker 1>dot com or visit our science blog, Science Stuff at

0:16:57.240 --> 0:17:00.760
<v Speaker 1>blogs dot hastaff works dot com. Hey for I listened

0:17:00.760 --> 0:17:03.200
<v Speaker 1>to the podcast and keep on fighting the good fight

0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:12.879
<v Speaker 1>against the asteroids. For more on this and thousands of

0:17:12.920 --> 0:17:16.240
<v Speaker 1>other topics, is it how stuff works dot com. Want

0:17:16.320 --> 0:17:18.920
<v Speaker 1>more how stuff works, check out our blogs on the

0:17:19.000 --> 0:17:20.639
<v Speaker 1>house stuff works dot com home page