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Speaker 1: Edward became a British captain in the Royal Navy at

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Speaker 1: just twenty one. Of course, it could be said that

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Speaker 1: great things had always been expected of him. After all,

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Speaker 1: his father, James, had served as Secretary of State to

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Speaker 1: King William the Third. At the time of edwards birth

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Speaker 1: in sixty four, the family wealth afforded him a Westminster education,

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Speaker 1: a school for well placed Britain's. At sixteen, he joined

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Speaker 1: the Royal Navy aboard the h M S Shrewsbury, but

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Speaker 1: his education put him at odds with his fellow shipmates,

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Speaker 1: who had received only an elementary school education. He quickly

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Speaker 1: rose through the ranks and switched ships, eventually serving on

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Speaker 1: board the HMS Britannia during the capture of Barcelona in

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Speaker 1: seventeen oh five. The following year he captained his first ship.

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Speaker 1: In April of seventeen oh eight, he took command of

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Speaker 1: the station in the West Indies. Needless to say, he

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Speaker 1: was a busy young man. In seventeen twenty one he

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Speaker 1: was elected as a member of part Lament, but returned

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Speaker 1: to naval service five years later. Edward continued to advance,

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Speaker 1: becoming an admiral in seventeen forty five. Not long afterward,

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Speaker 1: he set his sights on improving the Royal Navy's operations

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Speaker 1: and protocol, and then returned to Parliament. He died in

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Speaker 1: seventeen fifty seven, at the age of seventy three. There's

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Speaker 1: a monument in Westminster Abbey erected in his memory. His

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Speaker 1: distinguished service as a naval officer spanned forty six years.

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Speaker 1: But it's not his exemplary service, or the battles, or

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Speaker 1: even the changes in Parliament that he's most famous for. No.

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Speaker 1: Edward Vernon's legacy is grog. That's right, the mixture of

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Speaker 1: rum and water, originally given to British soldiers, oddly enough

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Speaker 1: to keep them from getting drunk. You see, when Vernon

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Speaker 1: served in the West Indies, he saw the effects of

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Speaker 1: an all you can drink buffet of rum on board ships.

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Speaker 1: In his observations, nothing parted a sailor from his morals

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Speaker 1: or his duty faster than rum, and he knew just

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Speaker 1: to stop it. He issued an order on August one

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Speaker 1: set declaring that all men would receive their daily allotment

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Speaker 1: of a half pint of rum divided into two parts,

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Speaker 1: rather than all at once. A quart of water was

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Speaker 1: also added to each half pint. Men lined up in

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Speaker 1: the morning and again in the afternoon to receive their

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Speaker 1: rations handed out and drank in the presence of a

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Speaker 1: lieutenant on duty. And if you're thinking that the drink

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Speaker 1: had to taste awful, you'd be right. But Vernon had

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Speaker 1: a solution for that too. The men could use their

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Speaker 1: salt and bread savings to buy sugar and lines to

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Speaker 1: make the drink more palatable. The water down drink still

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Speaker 1: amounted to about five cocktails a day, but at least

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Speaker 1: the amount of water, the division, and the taste all

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Speaker 1: seemed to prevent a good portion of drunken Mayhem. Due

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Speaker 1: to his habit of wearing a heavy water resistant jacket

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Speaker 1: made of a cloth known as grogram. The men had

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Speaker 1: long called Vernon Old Grogram or Old Grog for short,

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Speaker 1: a nick name thankfully they never used in his presence,

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Speaker 1: and since he'd come up with the foul drink himself,

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Speaker 1: the men named it after him, shortening it to just

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Speaker 1: grog yoho ho made. In this episode, we're talking about rum.

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Speaker 1: I'm Aaron Manky and welcome two pirates, Pirates, sailors and privateers.

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Speaker 1: They all had one thing in common in the sevent alcohol,

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Speaker 1: and every country had its drink. The Dutch had gin,

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Speaker 1: while the French provided wine. Those serving in the British

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Speaker 1: Navy were entitled to one gallon of beer each day

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Speaker 1: until they either ran out or the beer went rancid.

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Speaker 1: When the beer was gone, a pint of wine or

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Speaker 1: a half pint of either brandy or rum was provided,

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Speaker 1: depending on where they sailed. That's a lot of liquor,

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Speaker 1: and some of you might be singing a pirate's life

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Speaker 1: for me right about now, or maybe you're wondering why

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Speaker 1: they served so much alcohol. Well, sailors needed to drink,

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Speaker 1: and the stored water not only tasted bad, but it

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Speaker 1: also developed algae pretty quickly, especially in tropical climates. Higher

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Speaker 1: proof spirits stored in oak barrels fared better, often retaining

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Speaker 1: or improving their flavor. Food onboard ships consisted mainly of

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Speaker 1: porridge and salted meats, so the alcohol at least gave

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Speaker 1: the men something to look forward to at meal time.

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Speaker 1: They drank to alleviate boredom, to ease tensions, or otherwise

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Speaker 1: endure their time scrubbing the poop deck. Doctors aboard ships

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Speaker 1: used alcohol as medicine too. Both internally and externally. It

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Speaker 1: cleaned wounds and enabled men to endure surgery a little easier.

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Speaker 1: Disease was a major concern aboard a ship, and scurvy,

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Speaker 1: a condition that occurs without the adequate amount of vitamin C,

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Speaker 1: was always rampant. Left untreated, it leads to anemia and

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Speaker 1: gum disease, among other things. Death eventually follows, usually from

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Speaker 1: a sudden hemorrhage near the heart or the brain. Men

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Speaker 1: feared scurvy more than just about anything else at sea,

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Speaker 1: and rightly so. Captains assumed that fifty of their crew

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Speaker 1: would die from the disease during any major voyage. While

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Speaker 1: vitamin C is found in an array of fruits and vegetables,

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Speaker 1: it was the lime added to the grog that helped

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Speaker 1: prevent scurvy. From then on, British ships required half an

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Speaker 1: ounce of lemon or lime to be added to the

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Speaker 1: men's grog per day, hence the reason English sailors were

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Speaker 1: often called limes. Made from the leftovers of processing sugar,

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Speaker 1: rum had a sweet taste, its stored better in casks

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Speaker 1: than most, and it had a higher potency than beer

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Speaker 1: or wine. Sugar growers cleverly marketed rum and the British

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Speaker 1: made at the standard aboard their ships, and for the record,

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Speaker 1: pirates and sailors rarely swelled rum from a bottle. Glass

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Speaker 1: was expensive, and alcohol was shipped mostly in casks. Oh

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Speaker 1: and about that legendary drink. Higher didn't have the ration

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Speaker 1: grog that British sailors had, and they liked their rum

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Speaker 1: made into a punch, adding lines, sugar and often a

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Speaker 1: dash of nutmeg, but no water. Either way, drunkenness presented

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Speaker 1: a few problems. Traversing lines was a job difficult sober,

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Speaker 1: much less when three sheets to the wind. As pirates

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Speaker 1: like to say, drunken sailors got into more fights, were

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Speaker 1: killed or robbed more easily, and even mistakenly recruited onto

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Speaker 1: other ships. And since drunk pirates were easier to capture,

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Speaker 1: it put them closer to that dreaded penalty for their profession,

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Speaker 1: death by hanging. But the threat of death didn't seem

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Speaker 1: to matter to some though. In seventeen nineteen, pirate captain

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Speaker 1: Howell Davis took Captain Snell Grave and some of his

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Speaker 1: men hostage after ransacking his ship. His crew found the

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Speaker 1: liquor and then drank themselves into a stupor. A fire

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Speaker 1: broke out when one of the men went below deck

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Speaker 1: with an open flame around the highly flammable rum. The

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Speaker 1: fire then jumped from barrel to barrel, making its way

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Speaker 1: to thirty thou pounds of gunpowder. The men, all drunk

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Speaker 1: is could be, accepted their fate and made a final toast,

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Speaker 1: but thankfully Captain snell Grave and some of his other

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Speaker 1: men had remained sober and put out the fire, avoiding

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Speaker 1: a disaster. It's no wonder that we tend to think

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Speaker 1: of pirates as insatiable drunkards. Captain Henry Morgan is undoubtedly

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Speaker 1: the poster child for rum, yet stories surrounding him are

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Speaker 1: not driven by one specific type of liquor. No, the

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Speaker 1: pirate most associated with rum was Edward Teach, otherwise known

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Speaker 1: as Blackbeard. Although he could drink massive quantities, he never

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Speaker 1: passed out. Legend has it that he often mixed rum

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Speaker 1: with gunpowder, lighting the substance before drinking it, which makes

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Speaker 1: sense since, as we've learned, black Beard had mastered the

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Speaker 1: art of projecting a fierce image. So there you have it.

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Speaker 1: While pirates and sailors both enjoyed rum or just about

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Speaker 1: any other alcohol, really, we tend to see pirates and

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Speaker 1: rum as well practice the inseparable. Some pirates owed their

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Speaker 1: rise and downfall to rum. Raising cattle was the main

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Speaker 1: way of earning a living in Pembrokeshire, Wales in two

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Speaker 1: We don't know much about John roberts early years during

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Speaker 1: that time, but we do know that by seventeen eighteen

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Speaker 1: he'd become third mates aboard the Princess, a British slave

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Speaker 1: trading ship. He had also taken on the first name

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Speaker 1: of Bartholomew, although most just called him Bart. On a

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Speaker 1: June morning in seventeen nineteen, he toiled away at his

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Speaker 1: daily chores aboard the Princess, anchored off the Ghana coast.

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Speaker 1: On shore, mud huts and a crumbling stone fort stood

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Speaker 1: against a tropical blue sky. Canoes filled with their human

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Speaker 1: cargo road towards the ship. At noon, two ships entered

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Speaker 1: the harbor, black flags flying in the wind for Roberts

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Speaker 1: and the others. The color meant one thing pirates. The

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Speaker 1: Princess and the other slave ships were non match, and

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Speaker 1: the captain immediately surrendered. Welsh pirate Howell Davis sent his

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Speaker 1: men aboard to raid the Princess. They took all the liquor, food, gold,

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Speaker 1: and clothing, and then they took thirty four crew members.

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Speaker 1: Some went willingly. Roberts did not the manner they'd been boarded,

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Speaker 1: the way the pirates ransacked the ship, and the apparent

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Speaker 1: drunken anarchy among the men. All of it disgusted Roberts. However,

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Speaker 1: he changed his mind about piracy after seeing the crew's treatment.

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Speaker 1: While his captain had treated him and the others not

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Speaker 1: much better than slaves, Davis treated his men practically as

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Speaker 1: equals and divided all treasure fairly among them. He also

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Speaker 1: learned that pirate life wasn't anarchy. Life aboard the ship

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Speaker 1: seemed organized and even democratic, and so Roberts grew to

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Speaker 1: like Davis. An impressive man with an impressive ship. On

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Speaker 1: board were thirty two cannons, twenty seven swivel guns, and

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Speaker 1: a large crew, making them a solid match for any

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Speaker 1: ship that crossed their path. That didn't mean safety, however,

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Speaker 1: six weeks later, Davis and several of his top crew

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Speaker 1: members were gunned down during an attempt to raid a

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Speaker 1: Portuguese settlement. In fact, only two men made it back alive.

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Speaker 1: The pirates found themselves without leadership to solve the problem,

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Speaker 1: They made punch and drank. One of the men suggested

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Speaker 1: they select the best navigator, the man with the most courage.

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Speaker 1: Then he offered a name, Bart Roberts. The crew filled

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Speaker 1: the remaining leadership roles and resolved to avenge Davis's death.

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Speaker 1: Roberts organized thirty men and stormed the main fort. They

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Speaker 1: plundered a few houses, torched two ships in the harbor,

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Speaker 1: and then sailed away toward Brazil in search of additional wealth.

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Speaker 1: They arrived at the Bay of All Saints to find

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Speaker 1: forty two Portuguese ships along with two men of wars,

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Speaker 1: each with seventy guns. A direct attack would be suicide,

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Speaker 1: but fleeing would also be difficult. Instead, Roberts sailed the

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Speaker 1: Royal Rover into harbor as though they were part of

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Speaker 1: the convoy. His men dressed in French colors and sailed

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Speaker 1: to the smallest boat, threatening attack. If anyone resisted or

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Speaker 1: sent up a distress signal, the smaller ship surrendered. Roberts

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Speaker 1: then greeted their captain kindly, well as kindly as possible

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Speaker 1: under the circumstances, and asked which of the ships in

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Speaker 1: the harbor contained the most treasure. If the captain cooperated.

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Speaker 1: Roberts promised to allow him and his crew to sail

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Speaker 1: off unharmed, lie or resist, and they'd face sudden death.

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Speaker 1: The Portuguese captain pointed toward the Sagrada Familia, a ship

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Speaker 1: with just forty guns and a hundred and fifty men

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Speaker 1: on board. It wasn't long before Roberts quickly hatched a plan.

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Speaker 1: The kidnapped captain would hail the larger ship and request

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Speaker 1: a meeting. When the captain of the Sagrata boarded, his

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Speaker 1: men would take him hostage. However, the men aboard the

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Speaker 1: Sagrata weren't easily fooled and prepared to defend themselves. For

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Speaker 1: Roberts and his crew, both choices to run away or

196
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Speaker 1: keep going wouldn't let them the aime results, so they

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Speaker 1: chose to advance. Sharpshooters aboard the Royal Rover picked off

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Speaker 1: the Portuguese men on the main decks. The Pirates pulled

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00:12:08,480 --> 00:12:12,880
Speaker 1: alongside the Sagrata Familia and boarded, brandishing swords and tossing

200
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Speaker 1: primitive hand grenades. In the end, Roberts only lost two

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Speaker 1: men in the battle. Of course, all that noise drew

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Speaker 1: plenty of attention, the Portuguese sailors set off cannons to

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Speaker 1: alert the Man of Wars. There wouldn't be time to

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Speaker 1: unload the Sagratta familiars treasure, so Roberts decided to steal

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Speaker 1: the entire ship instead. It all came down to speed.

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Speaker 1: The Sagratta Familia and the Royal Rover were faster than

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Speaker 1: the Man of Wars and the pirates. They sailed safely

208
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Speaker 1: out of harbor. When they had traveled quite a distance,

209
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Speaker 1: they found a place to go ashore. They had just

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Speaker 1: plundered more treasure than any of them could spend in

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Speaker 1: a lifetime, and that's when at all fell apart. Although

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00:13:01,040 --> 00:13:03,640
Speaker 1: he had led them into a wildly successful raid, a

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Speaker 1: majority of the crew mutinied to moating Roberts. He regained

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Speaker 1: command by mid seventeen twenty, though, forming one of the

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Speaker 1: most successful crews in the Atlantic, raiding more ships than

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Speaker 1: anyone else. Roberts also had a flair for the dramatic.

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Speaker 1: In one instance, he sailed into the harbor town south

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Speaker 1: of Newfoundland in a ship they had captured and renamed

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Speaker 1: the Good Fortune. It had to be a site to

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Speaker 1: a large sloop flying the black flag the sound of

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Speaker 1: beating drums and men firing guns. It was late June

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Speaker 1: of seventeen twenty. Over twenty ships and approximately one fifty

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Speaker 1: small fishing boats sat in the bay at the site

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Speaker 1: of the good fortune. Every ship in the harbor surrendered

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Speaker 1: without a single shot. Over time, Roberts acquired more men

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Speaker 1: and more ships. He had so many men that establishing

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Speaker 1: new rules became necessary to prevent another mutiny. He wrote

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Speaker 1: that every crewman had a vote in the affairs of

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Speaker 1: the moment and was entitled to equal shares in strong

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Speaker 1: alcohol at the time it was seized. The men could

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Speaker 1: use it at their pleasure. Of course, he also required

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Speaker 1: the men to keep their guns clean. There were to

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Speaker 1: be no irish crewmen, no gambling, physical violence, and absolutely

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Speaker 1: no women on board. Deserters would either be marooned or

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Speaker 1: put the death. Musicians on board were to be given

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Speaker 1: the sabbath off, and by eight pm each night lights

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Speaker 1: were to be put out. Those wishing to continue drinking

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Speaker 1: had to do so on the main deck. It was

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Speaker 1: a final attempt to curtail the amount of drunken revelry

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Speaker 1: his crew had grown fond of. Far too often, the

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Speaker 1: crew was unfit for duty, and they were frequently too

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Speaker 1: drunk to participate in raids. Drinking had begun to unravel

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Speaker 1: his crew, although they had a series of successful raids

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Speaker 1: in the West Indies. In seventeen twenty, they captured so

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Speaker 1: much rum that the men declared it a crime against

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Speaker 1: providence if they weren't continually drunk. In May, they returned

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Speaker 1: to the western shores of Africa. Seve role British warships

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Speaker 1: were at ports, including the HMS Swallow, commanded by Captain

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Speaker 1: Chaloner Ogle. While anchored off shore, Roberts tried to rein

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Speaker 1: in his rum swigging crew. Although they were constantly inebriated,

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Speaker 1: They managed to plunder a four hundred and ten foot

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Speaker 1: English slave ship that August. The Onslow carried twenty six guns,

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Speaker 1: fifty crewmen, and six hundred slaves. Robert kept the ship,

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Speaker 1: equipping it with forty additional cannons and renamed it the

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Speaker 1: Royal Fortune. Now at the helm of the largest ship

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Speaker 1: any pirate captain had ever sailed, The crew patrol the

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Speaker 1: African coast throughout January of seventeen twenty two. However, they

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Speaker 1: had company Captain Ogle and the Swallow, so Roberts charted

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Speaker 1: a course for Brazilian waters, hoping to cash in one

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Speaker 1: more time before retiring. They anchored near Cape Lopez on

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Speaker 1: February five of seventeen twenty two, and that's when Ogle

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Speaker 1: and his crew finally caught up with them. The pirate

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Speaker 1: captain had three ships, seventy two guns and two hundred

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Speaker 1: and fifty three men. Ogle had just as many men,

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Speaker 1: but they were all aboard one ship with only fifty guns.

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Speaker 1: But Roberts and his men mistook the Swallow for a

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Speaker 1: merchant vessel carrying sugar and allowed it to get a

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00:16:12,920 --> 00:16:16,080
Speaker 1: bit too close. You would think they'd be happy they

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Speaker 1: had all the rum they could drink, but they wanted punch,

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Speaker 1: and that meant that they needed sugar. Roberts sent the

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Speaker 1: Royal Ranger to give chase, which divided his fleet, and

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00:16:25,960 --> 00:16:29,280
Speaker 1: that was a mistake that Ogle didn't miss. He slowed,

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Speaker 1: allowing the pirate ship to follow, and once the Royal

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Speaker 1: Fortune was out of ear shot, he allowed the Royal

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Speaker 1: Ranger to draw closer. The pirates raised their black flag

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Speaker 1: and fired a warning shot, believing they had another easy victory.

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Speaker 1: I can only imagine their faces when the Swallow swung

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Speaker 1: around opened the lower gun ports and delivered a barrage

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Speaker 1: of cannon fire. The damage to the Royal Ranger was devastating,

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Speaker 1: killing all but one men. Needless to say, the surviving

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Speaker 1: crew surrendered. A few days later, Ago returned to bay

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Speaker 1: and overtook Roberts and his crew, all because they were

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Speaker 1: too drunk to fight. While only three aboard the pirate

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00:17:07,720 --> 00:17:11,200
Speaker 1: ship would die, one of them would be Roberts. Before

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00:17:11,240 --> 00:17:14,320
Speaker 1: his remaining men were arrested, and through a haze of rum,

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00:17:14,480 --> 00:17:18,360
Speaker 1: no less roberts men managed to follow his last wish,

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00:17:18,640 --> 00:17:29,800
Speaker 1: they tossed his body overboard into the sea. Over his career,

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00:17:29,960 --> 00:17:33,199
Speaker 1: Roberts had become an empire. Before his death, he had

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00:17:33,280 --> 00:17:36,320
Speaker 1: led his crew on over four d raids, and that's

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00:17:36,320 --> 00:17:40,639
Speaker 1: pretty darn prolific. But even with the best ships, heavy artillery,

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Speaker 1: and a small army of men, he was taken down

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00:17:43,240 --> 00:17:46,920
Speaker 1: rather easily by a single ship with far less speed, firepower,

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Speaker 1: and crew. And historians today can only blame the rum

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Speaker 1: while they blame the pirates who drank all the rum.

295
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Speaker 1: But you get what I mean. Here's how it happened.

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Speaker 1: On February ninth, Ogle found the Royal Fortune right where

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Speaker 1: he'd last seen it. They had seized another ship and

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00:18:03,600 --> 00:18:06,920
Speaker 1: were in the process of rating its liquor supply. Ogle

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00:18:06,960 --> 00:18:09,120
Speaker 1: waited until the following morning, when most of the men

300
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Speaker 1: would be drunk or suffering hangovers, and his plan worked.

301
00:18:13,119 --> 00:18:15,080
Speaker 1: In fact, the men were so drunk they didn't even

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Speaker 1: see the HMS Swallow approach until the ship was almost

303
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Speaker 1: upon them. Even then, they were in such a stupor

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Speaker 1: they mistook it for another trading vessel or even the

305
00:18:24,520 --> 00:18:28,199
Speaker 1: Royal Ranger come back. Finally, Roberts came out onto the

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00:18:28,240 --> 00:18:31,080
Speaker 1: main deck to see what was going on. He took

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Speaker 1: the bold strategy of heading straight towards the Swallow, intent

308
00:18:34,600 --> 00:18:38,520
Speaker 1: on exchanging sideblows before heading out for open water. The

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00:18:38,560 --> 00:18:41,800
Speaker 1: two ships exchanged cannon fire, and the Royal Fortune took

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00:18:41,840 --> 00:18:46,720
Speaker 1: on some damage. The Swallow remained barely untouched. Roberts then

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00:18:46,800 --> 00:18:49,680
Speaker 1: steered his ship toward open water, but as crewmen were

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Speaker 1: simply too intoxicated, some had passed out on the deck,

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Speaker 1: while others could barely walk, let alone sail. And it

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00:18:56,800 --> 00:18:59,399
Speaker 1: was all that erratic behavior that allowed Ogle to swing

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Speaker 1: his ship a hound and catch up. The Swallow. Delivered

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00:19:02,080 --> 00:19:05,080
Speaker 1: several more shots at the Royal Fortune, destroying the mast,

317
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Speaker 1: and while Robert's crew, well those who hadn't passed out

318
00:19:08,359 --> 00:19:11,720
Speaker 1: at least, tottered around on the deck, the pirate captain

319
00:19:11,840 --> 00:19:16,960
Speaker 1: lowered the flag and surrendered. Soon after Ogle's men boarded

320
00:19:17,119 --> 00:19:21,000
Speaker 1: and secured the crew with barely a skirmish. Historians remain

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00:19:21,080 --> 00:19:23,040
Speaker 1: on the fence if the name black Bart had to

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00:19:23,080 --> 00:19:27,160
Speaker 1: do with his black hair and darker complexion or his reputation.

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00:19:27,720 --> 00:19:30,920
Speaker 1: Either way, he didn't earn the moniker until after his death.

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Speaker 1: It's an interesting nickname for a pirate who was a

325
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Speaker 1: complete teetotaler. In fact, t was his preferred drink, and

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Speaker 1: it was his lack of drinking that had caused his

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Speaker 1: crew to distrust him and mutiny the first time. Little

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Speaker 1: did he know then, but his crew had already planned

329
00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,000
Speaker 1: to abandon him after the raid at Cape Lopez, all

330
00:19:50,040 --> 00:19:54,880
Speaker 1: because they didn't trust a sober captain. Rum, the pirate

331
00:19:54,920 --> 00:19:58,480
Speaker 1: drink of choice, had been black Bart's downfall. In the

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Speaker 1: words of Robert Louis Steven's Treasure Island, drink and the

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00:20:02,160 --> 00:20:05,480
Speaker 1: devil had done the rest Yo ho ho and a

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00:20:05,520 --> 00:20:10,800
Speaker 1: bottle of rum. All throughout seafaring history, alcohol had served

335
00:20:10,800 --> 00:20:14,680
Speaker 1: a purpose and presented a problem. Even military ships around

336
00:20:14,680 --> 00:20:18,320
Speaker 1: the world still carried alcohol on board, long after keeping

337
00:20:18,400 --> 00:20:21,960
Speaker 1: clean drinking water had become possible. For the Royal Navy,

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00:20:22,200 --> 00:20:25,600
Speaker 1: the centuries old tradition of issuing grog ended on July

339
00:20:26,720 --> 00:20:30,960
Speaker 1: of nine. On that day, sailors around the world took

340
00:20:31,040 --> 00:20:34,359
Speaker 1: one last swig before dumping the barrels over the rail.

341
00:20:35,280 --> 00:20:38,040
Speaker 1: Some of those sailors even took to wearing black armbands,

342
00:20:38,240 --> 00:20:41,200
Speaker 1: while others had a mock funeral as they tossed the barrels,

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00:20:41,600 --> 00:20:44,359
Speaker 1: marking the day as black top Day. And I like

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00:20:44,440 --> 00:20:48,000
Speaker 1: to imagine that as they did, some of them even saying,

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00:20:48,800 --> 00:20:51,560
Speaker 1: and we heaved them over and out of sight with

346
00:20:51,600 --> 00:21:04,000
Speaker 1: a yo, heave ho and a fair you well, pirates

347
00:21:04,080 --> 00:21:07,560
Speaker 1: and rum it's appairing almost as classic as chocolates and

348
00:21:07,600 --> 00:21:10,679
Speaker 1: peanut butter, just with a bit more wobbling. I guess,

349
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Speaker 1: I certainly hope you found our journey through that territory

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Speaker 1: today to be as satisfying as a delicious drink. But

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00:21:17,800 --> 00:21:20,840
Speaker 1: don't hoist the anchor just yet. We have more sailing

352
00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:23,800
Speaker 1: to do. In fact, after this brief sponsor break, my

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00:21:23,920 --> 00:21:27,119
Speaker 1: grim and mild teammates Alie Steed will come aboard to

354
00:21:27,240 --> 00:21:36,960
Speaker 1: share one more rum soaktail. Where there's a will, there's

355
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Speaker 1: a way. If the demand for something is high and

356
00:21:39,840 --> 00:21:43,919
Speaker 1: the rewards even higher, some will go to great lengths

357
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Speaker 1: to get it, especially rum. On January eighteenth, Amendment of

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Speaker 1: the United States Constitution banning the manufacturing, transportation, and sale

359
00:21:56,320 --> 00:22:00,760
Speaker 1: of intoxicating liquors was ratified, and so began the Ahibition era.

360
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Speaker 1: But of course the law never stopped the bootleggers. It

361
00:22:04,600 --> 00:22:09,400
Speaker 1: was hard to enforce, and ingenious methods of smuggling quickly emerged, stills,

362
00:22:09,680 --> 00:22:13,919
Speaker 1: fast cars, and speakeasies. We've all heard those stories before,

363
00:22:14,480 --> 00:22:16,560
Speaker 1: but let's talk for a minute about the bootleggers of

364
00:22:16,600 --> 00:22:21,360
Speaker 1: the sea. The rum runners. During the Prohibition, ships cruised

365
00:22:21,359 --> 00:22:25,120
Speaker 1: the coastline between the Caribbean and Canada, parking themselves just

366
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:29,080
Speaker 1: off shore. If the coast guard approached, they moved into

367
00:22:29,119 --> 00:22:33,360
Speaker 1: international waters and out of jurisdiction. Known as rum row,

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00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:36,480
Speaker 1: the ships existed along every state and coastline on the

369
00:22:36,480 --> 00:22:40,800
Speaker 1: Atlantic and Pacific. Smaller, faster boats often accompanied the rum

370
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Speaker 1: laden vessels. Their job was much like the fast cars,

371
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Speaker 1: out racing law enforcement to deliver the rum to port.

372
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Speaker 1: Like legendary pirates. One rum Runner stood out Captain Jack

373
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Speaker 1: Jack Randall, that is, and his schooner I'm Alone. Jack

374
00:22:58,440 --> 00:23:00,760
Speaker 1: had always wanted to be a pirate. As a twelve

375
00:23:00,800 --> 00:23:02,960
Speaker 1: year old in eighteen ninety nine, Jack and his friends

376
00:23:02,960 --> 00:23:07,160
Speaker 1: pretended to be swashbuckling sailors. They rated his parents jam

377
00:23:07,160 --> 00:23:11,720
Speaker 1: and cookie covers, and the rum cabinet drunk. He set

378
00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:14,200
Speaker 1: out to find a ship. Of course, a few miles

379
00:23:14,240 --> 00:23:17,760
Speaker 1: down the road, sickness and clarifying sobriety hit, and he

380
00:23:17,840 --> 00:23:21,679
Speaker 1: returned home to face the consequences. His father understood his

381
00:23:21,720 --> 00:23:23,800
Speaker 1: son's love of the sea and took him on fishing

382
00:23:23,800 --> 00:23:28,480
Speaker 1: trips off Canada's Labrador coast. As an adult, Jack worked

383
00:23:28,480 --> 00:23:31,399
Speaker 1: on trade ships and then military vessels, fighting in the

384
00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:35,320
Speaker 1: Boer War, World War One, and World War Two. He

385
00:23:35,400 --> 00:23:37,800
Speaker 1: never outgrew the love of the sea, but it was

386
00:23:37,840 --> 00:23:40,879
Speaker 1: also what Jack did between the First and Second World

387
00:23:40,880 --> 00:23:45,000
Speaker 1: Wars that showed us he still loved pirates too. It

388
00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:47,480
Speaker 1: was spring of nineteen twenty two when the idea came

389
00:23:47,520 --> 00:23:52,080
Speaker 1: to him rum running. Jack was good, really good at

390
00:23:52,119 --> 00:23:56,680
Speaker 1: being captain. He commanded several ships, becoming legendary among his peers.

391
00:23:57,240 --> 00:24:00,440
Speaker 1: In ninety eight, a group of Montreal business men made

392
00:24:00,520 --> 00:24:04,040
Speaker 1: him an even more enticing proposition, and Jack took command

393
00:24:04,160 --> 00:24:07,320
Speaker 1: of the I'm Alone, a single deck, two massed schooner

394
00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:12,440
Speaker 1: with twin hundred horsepower diesel engines. The ship's capacity was key.

395
00:24:12,560 --> 00:24:15,680
Speaker 1: It could carry two thousand, eight hundred cases of liquor

396
00:24:15,760 --> 00:24:18,920
Speaker 1: worth upwards of a hundred thousand dollars in a single run,

397
00:24:19,480 --> 00:24:23,000
Speaker 1: and those are ninety six prices. And like in the

398
00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:26,199
Speaker 1: golden age of piracy, Captain Jack and the i'm Alone

399
00:24:26,240 --> 00:24:28,919
Speaker 1: had a price on their heads. The US government was

400
00:24:29,000 --> 00:24:32,679
Speaker 1: determined to stop rum runners, but little did anyone know

401
00:24:32,840 --> 00:24:36,040
Speaker 1: that in nineteen twenty nine, the Captain and the ship

402
00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:40,160
Speaker 1: would spark an international incident. It started in the winter

403
00:24:40,240 --> 00:24:43,360
Speaker 1: of nineteen twenty eight as Jack sailed the West Indies,

404
00:24:43,440 --> 00:24:45,440
Speaker 1: then made a stop and believez to pick up five

405
00:24:45,520 --> 00:24:49,119
Speaker 1: hundred cases of William Pennry, three hundred cases of Johnny

406
00:24:49,119 --> 00:24:52,639
Speaker 1: Walker black Label, a hundred and ten massive jugs of

407
00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:56,240
Speaker 1: Bacardi rome, and two hundred cases of champagne, among other

408
00:24:56,280 --> 00:25:01,720
Speaker 1: assorted beverages. Months later, in March of nine, the Walcott,

409
00:25:02,000 --> 00:25:05,440
Speaker 1: a Coastguard cutter, stumbled across the I'm alone, just off

410
00:25:05,480 --> 00:25:09,560
Speaker 1: the Louisiana coast, designed and built to catch rum runners.

411
00:25:09,680 --> 00:25:13,160
Speaker 1: They eventually caught up and the commander requested a search.

412
00:25:14,200 --> 00:25:17,879
Speaker 1: Jack declined to acquiesce to the captain's demands. However, he

413
00:25:17,960 --> 00:25:22,560
Speaker 1: also did something unusual. He invited the captain aboard. It

414
00:25:22,640 --> 00:25:24,960
Speaker 1: was a pirate move akin to black Bart's meetings with

415
00:25:25,000 --> 00:25:28,359
Speaker 1: other ship captains before they were plundered, and the Coastguard

416
00:25:28,400 --> 00:25:33,800
Speaker 1: commander he accepted. The two men chatted cordially for some time,

417
00:25:34,040 --> 00:25:37,480
Speaker 1: all the while Jack insisted the Coastguard had no jurisdiction

418
00:25:37,520 --> 00:25:41,720
Speaker 1: as he was fourteen miles offshore in international waters. The

419
00:25:41,760 --> 00:25:45,400
Speaker 1: commander insisted that the I'm alone sat just ten miles offshore,

420
00:25:45,480 --> 00:25:48,840
Speaker 1: and the US had jurisdiction up to twelve miles. For

421
00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:53,439
Speaker 1: two days there was a standoff. Another Coastguard ship, the Dexter,

422
00:25:53,640 --> 00:25:56,600
Speaker 1: arrived and reiterated that they must be allowed to come

423
00:25:56,640 --> 00:26:01,120
Speaker 1: aboard and inspect his ship, or else they'd sink it. Again.

424
00:26:01,520 --> 00:26:04,560
Speaker 1: Jack declined he'd done what he set out to do.

425
00:26:05,119 --> 00:26:08,399
Speaker 1: Keep them distracted. You see, they had allowed him to

426
00:26:08,480 --> 00:26:11,160
Speaker 1: run under full sale for those two days. They were

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Speaker 1: now two hundred miles off the US coast. When the

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Speaker 1: I'm Alone sank bow first, the Coastguard picked up everyone

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Speaker 1: who was on board, though one crewman died during the sinking.

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Speaker 1: The Coastguard returned to Port with Jack and the rest

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Speaker 1: of the crew, and they were riding high on the

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Speaker 1: accolades they expected for capturing this notorious rum runner. Instead,

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Speaker 1: Canada stepped in and declared that the Coast Guard had

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Speaker 1: committed an act of piracy. The French and the British

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Speaker 1: also condemned it, and Washington dropped the charges. Jack retired

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Speaker 1: from run running A wealthy man. He went on to

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Speaker 1: serve the Royal Navy and became one of their most

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Speaker 1: indispensable officers during World War Two. Lieutenant Commander Jack Randall

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Speaker 1: died on February nineteenth of nineteen forty four. He was

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Speaker 1: buried with full naval honors. His childhood friends might say

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Speaker 1: that he had a sailor's heart and officers courage and

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Speaker 1: the soul of a pirate. Pirates was executive produced by

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Speaker 1: Aaron Manky and narrated by Aaron Manky and Alexander Steid.

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Speaker 1: Writing for this season was provided by Michelle Muto, with

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Speaker 1: research by Alexandra Steed and Sam Alberty. Production assistance was

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Speaker 1: provided by Josh Than, Jesse Funk, Alex Williams, and Matt Frederick.

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Speaker 1: To learn more about this and other shows from Grim

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Speaker 1: and Mild and I Heart Radio, visit Grim and Mild

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Speaker 1: dot com