WEBVTT - Lab 023: Don’t Pass the Corona

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<v Speaker 1>Well, if you can't tell I'm congested, I'm sick.

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<v Speaker 2>Yes, and I'm worried about you friend, because my friend

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<v Speaker 2>can't even laugh?

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<v Speaker 3>Did you hear that?

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<v Speaker 4>But it's not just me.

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<v Speaker 1>I feel like everybody is sick, yes, and I understand it,

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<v Speaker 1>but I also don't understand it right.

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<v Speaker 2>And the thing that is making us all feel very

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<v Speaker 2>nervous about everybody that's sick is the coronavirus.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, there's pandemonium panic about coronavirus. You know all on

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<v Speaker 1>my Instagram and Twitter. Y'all are out here wearing nail

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<v Speaker 1>shop mask and it's not right.

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<v Speaker 4>I haven't said anything.

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<v Speaker 2>I saw some of Walker had on gloves and masks.

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<v Speaker 2>He's not playing around. I've seen a lot of people

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<v Speaker 2>that have been using all types of tricks to try

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<v Speaker 2>and keep these germs away. My poor friend. You hear that?

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<v Speaker 4>Sad laugh.

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<v Speaker 2>We're going to get through this episode.

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<v Speaker 4>We will. I'm going to try to suppress the cough.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm TT and I'm Zakijah and from Spotify Studios.

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<v Speaker 3>This is Dope Labs.

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<v Speaker 1>This episode is all about coronavirus, and we're gonna go

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<v Speaker 1>through everything we know up until this point with the

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<v Speaker 1>coronavirus expert doctor Kizmikia Corbett from the National Institutes of

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<v Speaker 1>Health or NIH.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, so let's jump into the recitation.

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<v Speaker 1>All right, So today we're talking about coronavirus. I know

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<v Speaker 1>you're seeing those memes and.

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<v Speaker 2>Tweet tweets and the articles, yes, news clips, everything. It's

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<v Speaker 2>all over the internet.

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<v Speaker 1>And it can all become really confusing really fast. I

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<v Speaker 1>saw some pictures and I was like, I'm not sure

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<v Speaker 1>that these were even taken in twenty twenty. The people,

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<v Speaker 1>the way the whole background looks. I was like, people

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<v Speaker 1>are just reusing clips, sharing stuff.

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<v Speaker 2>During images, but as a World Health Organization logo on

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<v Speaker 2>it and just sending it out for.

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<v Speaker 4>Everybody sharing it, and they're shared it for laughs.

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<v Speaker 1>But then the next person that shares it doesn't say

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<v Speaker 1>this was a joke for my friend exactly.

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<v Speaker 4>And we have misinformation everywhere exactly.

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<v Speaker 2>So people are walking around saying all types of stuff

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<v Speaker 2>that I'm just like that that don't sound right, does not.

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<v Speaker 1>Work, And I've been trying to not be a well

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<v Speaker 1>actually in everybody's mentions, but it feels so tempting.

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<v Speaker 2>So we know what you guys are saying on the internet,

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<v Speaker 2>and in memes, but we wanted to know what y'all

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<v Speaker 2>were saying on the street.

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<v Speaker 5>I feel like the flu is more effective on the

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<v Speaker 5>demographic based off the fact that there's more depths from

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<v Speaker 5>the flu than it is Corona. As of right now,

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<v Speaker 5>until we're able to get more scientific facts and see

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<v Speaker 5>what's going on with it, I can't say too much,

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<v Speaker 5>but I definitely think the flu is worse.

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<v Speaker 4>You know, I think we're probably overreacting slightly.

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<v Speaker 6>I did go on Amazon to see if they had

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<v Speaker 6>any paper masks on Prime and they're all out, so

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<v Speaker 6>I think they're all on Prime.

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<v Speaker 4>I can borrow Okay, I'm going.

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<v Speaker 7>To the party and they asked me to bring some beer,

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<v Speaker 7>So went out yesterday.

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<v Speaker 8>I bought a couple of six packs.

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<v Speaker 7>When they bought some Corona and the checkout person said, oh,

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<v Speaker 7>I'm glad someone's buying Corona, And she said, actually, sales

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<v Speaker 7>of Corona are going down because people think but somehow

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<v Speaker 7>Corona beer is connected to the coronavirus.

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<v Speaker 2>Are you nervous?

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<v Speaker 3>You travel a lot.

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<v Speaker 8>I'm not nervous about coronavirus. I spent a lot of

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<v Speaker 8>time in Liberia when the Ebola outbreak was in full swing,

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<v Speaker 8>and so I guess I have a little bit of

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<v Speaker 8>experience and working in those kinds of situations. And if

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<v Speaker 8>you're careful and and and stay away from the most

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<v Speaker 8>intense places, then there's not much danger. But I certainly

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<v Speaker 8>don't think there's any danger anywhere in the United States

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<v Speaker 8>or outside of a few places outside of Wuhan.

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<v Speaker 2>This episode is going to be doubly as good because

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<v Speaker 2>my friend Zakiya, who is whole in her chest as

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<v Speaker 2>she's laughing, stop it. My poor friend is also an

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<v Speaker 2>expert in all of these things, so she really understands coronavirus,

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<v Speaker 2>how it moves and shakes and everything like that. So

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<v Speaker 2>we're going to be using her brain to help us

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<v Speaker 2>get through this episode.

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<v Speaker 1>I wouldn't say I'm a coronavirus expert, but I love

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<v Speaker 1>all things micro All the bacteria and viruses are my friends,

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<v Speaker 1>and I love to learn about them and talk about them.

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<v Speaker 1>This is the one time I've missed teaching microbiology. Okay,

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<v Speaker 1>this feels like the best time to be in a

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<v Speaker 1>class in a classroom.

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<v Speaker 2>So what do we want to know?

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<v Speaker 4>So we want to know?

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<v Speaker 2>Well, let's start with I want to know. Okay, that's

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<v Speaker 2>what I want to know is basic. I want to

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<v Speaker 2>know what is a coronavirus. I want to know where

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<v Speaker 2>it came from? How did this just come out of

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<v Speaker 2>what seems like nowhere? What do you want to know?

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<v Speaker 1>I want to know how is it spread? I want

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<v Speaker 1>to know what's been changing over time?

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<v Speaker 3>Right?

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<v Speaker 1>And is there a need for panic and worry? What

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<v Speaker 1>can we due to prevent transmission and spread?

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<v Speaker 6>Like?

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<v Speaker 1>How much is in our hands? How much can we control?

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<v Speaker 1>And how much is just set and stone? I love

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<v Speaker 1>that let's jump into the dissection to help us out.

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<v Speaker 1>We call them doctor Kismikia Corbett.

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<v Speaker 9>I am Kismekia Corbett.

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<v Speaker 6>I am a senior research Fellow and the scientific lead

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<v Speaker 6>for the Coronavirus Vaccine and Inminopathogenesis Team at the National

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<v Speaker 6>Institutes of Health National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases

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<v Speaker 6>Vaccine and Research Center.

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<v Speaker 9>I am a North Carolinian, I'm black, I'm a woman,

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<v Speaker 9>and all the things.

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<v Speaker 2>So the question that I need answered because I mean,

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<v Speaker 2>we know generally how virus moves and shakes because of

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<v Speaker 2>our Protect your Neck episode that was lab for so

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<v Speaker 2>I learned a lot from that, But I feel like

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<v Speaker 2>this is different and I need to know what exactly

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<v Speaker 2>coronavirus is.

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<v Speaker 6>Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses actually, generally speaking,

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<v Speaker 6>coronavirus infect bats, civic cats, etc.

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<v Speaker 1>All right, did you hear that? Because I've seen your

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<v Speaker 1>memes with corona beers and that's not the link.

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<v Speaker 4>Okay.

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<v Speaker 1>We asked doctor Corbett to explain why it's called a coronavirus,

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<v Speaker 1>and she told us it has to do with the

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<v Speaker 1>physical properties of the virus. The thing to remember is

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<v Speaker 1>that the word corona is Latin for crown.

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<v Speaker 2>I like my coronas with a line.

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<v Speaker 6>Oh, the surface of the virus actually looks like the

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<v Speaker 6>crown that a queen would wear. Right, So think about

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<v Speaker 6>the inside of the virus being a queen's head and

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<v Speaker 6>then the surface of the virus being like the crown.

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<v Speaker 6>And actually that crown is made up of some proteins

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<v Speaker 6>that are called spike proteins. They just are spiking up

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<v Speaker 6>off of the surface of the virus. And so basically

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<v Speaker 6>you have this ball with a crown of spikes around it,

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<v Speaker 6>and that's what the virus looks like.

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<v Speaker 1>Just building on that model of a ball with a crown.

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<v Speaker 1>That ball contains the genetic information to make more virus

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<v Speaker 1>when it enters a host sale and that ball is

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<v Speaker 1>also coded in proteins that create kind of an envelope

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<v Speaker 1>around it, and then some of those proteins stick up,

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<v Speaker 1>and those are the spike proteins that give the coronavirus

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<v Speaker 1>its name, which doctor Corbett just described. Okay, so we

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<v Speaker 1>know that coronavirus is found in bats and civet cats,

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<v Speaker 1>but are there any types of coronavirus that are infectious

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<v Speaker 1>to humans?

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah?

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<v Speaker 1>There actually are so two of them. You've probably heard

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<v Speaker 1>of MERZ, which is short for Middle Eastern Respiratory syndrome,

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<v Speaker 1>and so we had a big MYRRZ outbreak in twenty twelve,

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<v Speaker 1>and then SARS, which is severe acute respiratory syndrome.

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<v Speaker 2>Right, I remember that in two thousand and three.

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<v Speaker 4>Yes, that's right.

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<v Speaker 1>There are also a couple other coronaviruses that are less

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<v Speaker 1>well known, and sometimes when people say, oh I had

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<v Speaker 1>the flu, or I felt I had this respiratory infection,

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<v Speaker 1>or I felt bad, sometimes people have actually been infected

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<v Speaker 1>by some of those other coronaviruses. So the coronavirus isn't

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<v Speaker 1>new to humans. They're a respiratory virus family that we've

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<v Speaker 1>known about. But this particular virus is new. Wow, that

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<v Speaker 1>is crazy. So a lot of us might have had

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<v Speaker 1>one of the other coronaviruses before, but not this one.

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<v Speaker 1>This one is new, so scientists aren't now naming it.

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<v Speaker 4>That's right.

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<v Speaker 1>The coronavirus that's all of the news right now is

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<v Speaker 1>called the twenty nineteen in coronavirus.

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<v Speaker 6>And that INN stands for novel or new, So what

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<v Speaker 6>that means is that it is new to humans and

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<v Speaker 6>it is new to the phylogenetic tree.

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<v Speaker 1>Scientists use the phylogenetic tree to understand relationships, so they

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<v Speaker 1>may ask is this virus more or less closely related

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<v Speaker 1>to another virus based on similarity.

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<v Speaker 2>The symptoms of the twenty nineteen novel coronavirus are cough, fever,

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<v Speaker 2>shortness of breath, and some patients have even reported having nausea, vomited, diarrhea,

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<v Speaker 2>and in some cases symptoms progress to bronchitis or pneumonia.

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<v Speaker 2>And now that we understand some of the basics about

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<v Speaker 2>the coronavirus, let's look at what's happening right now. Where

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<v Speaker 2>did this particular coronavirus come from?

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<v Speaker 6>So there are you know, hundreds of species of coronaviruses

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<v Speaker 6>that dwell in animal reservoirs.

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<v Speaker 2>Animal reservoirs are animal sources where the virus might be found.

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<v Speaker 2>So for the swine flu, the animal reservoir was pigs.

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<v Speaker 2>For bird flu, it was birds. So even though the

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<v Speaker 2>virus is new to humans, it had to have a

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<v Speaker 2>host before, and scientists have been working to figure out

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<v Speaker 2>where the new coronavirus was before it showed up in humans.

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<v Speaker 6>It probably for however many years, I mean upwards of

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<v Speaker 6>hundreds has been circulating in I think they've now named

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<v Speaker 6>the reservoir to solidly be the bat, So it's probably

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<v Speaker 6>been circulating in bats. Okay, So if a virus exists

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<v Speaker 6>in bats, how does it get to humans?

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<v Speaker 1>That's a good question, right, So the first thing you

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<v Speaker 1>might ask is what's the genetics of it? Like, how

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<v Speaker 1>is that even possible? Yeah, and it's possible that you know,

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<v Speaker 1>we haven't encountered it before. We aren't that different from bats,

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<v Speaker 1>That's the thing to remember. We're both vertebrates and mammals,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, So there's genetic similarity between humans and bats,

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<v Speaker 1>and our whole sales might be similar to bats, so

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<v Speaker 1>we may have the same receptor door. You know, if

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<v Speaker 1>you think about like we described it before as a

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<v Speaker 1>virus knocking on the door trying to get in, we

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<v Speaker 1>might have that same door that that coronavirus uses that

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<v Speaker 1>was on bat cells, We might have that same receptor

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<v Speaker 1>door on our cells.

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<v Speaker 6>One of those things that is similar enough between us

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<v Speaker 6>and bats in this particular case is the receptor for

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<v Speaker 6>the virus. So the molecule on cells that this virus

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<v Speaker 6>binds to is enough similar between bats and humans that

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<v Speaker 6>with some slight modifications and evolution, which is what viruses do,

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<v Speaker 6>they evolve, it could become more and more infectious to

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<v Speaker 6>a human.

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<v Speaker 4>So thinking about that, right.

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<v Speaker 1>The first documented case of twenty nineteen in coronavirus was

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<v Speaker 1>reported in Wuhan, China, at an open marketplace, and there

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<v Speaker 1>are a variety of ways that it could have infected

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<v Speaker 1>people there.

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<v Speaker 2>The second thing is how do you get a bat

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<v Speaker 2>and a human physically close enough to transfer the virus?

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<v Speaker 2>You know, you can pick up bat poop in a

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<v Speaker 2>cave and sequence tons of coronaviruses. I mean, so it

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<v Speaker 2>could have just been you know, they're in a open

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<v Speaker 2>seafood market. You know, bats fly in there at night,

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<v Speaker 2>handle their you know business.

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<v Speaker 1>I think doctor Corbett hit a really good point. You

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<v Speaker 1>don't have to go into a cave to come in

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<v Speaker 1>contact with a bat.

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<v Speaker 4>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>You know, as our population grows and we're expanding in

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<v Speaker 1>a different space, is what used to be wildlife area

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<v Speaker 1>is now your backyard?

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<v Speaker 6>Right?

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<v Speaker 2>I see fox running through my front yard almost every morning.

0:11:55.920 --> 0:12:00.719
<v Speaker 4>Really, yeah, I don't see anything but my neighbor's dog wildlife.

0:12:00.800 --> 0:12:03.640
<v Speaker 1>What we do know is that you can find coronavirus

0:12:03.720 --> 0:12:06.240
<v Speaker 1>in batpoop. Okay, right, I don't even know what batpoop

0:12:06.320 --> 0:12:06.599
<v Speaker 1>looks like.

0:12:06.679 --> 0:12:07.120
<v Speaker 6>Do you know?

0:12:07.360 --> 0:12:08.840
<v Speaker 1>It could be on the table and I would pick

0:12:08.880 --> 0:12:11.160
<v Speaker 1>it up too, because I wouldn't know what it was. No,

0:12:11.200 --> 0:12:12.360
<v Speaker 1>I don't want to say I would pick it up,

0:12:12.360 --> 0:12:12.600
<v Speaker 1>but you.

0:12:12.640 --> 0:12:14.040
<v Speaker 5>Know, I mean you don't know what it is.

0:12:14.160 --> 0:12:14.959
<v Speaker 4>You don't know what it is.

0:12:15.040 --> 0:12:16.920
<v Speaker 2>I have no idea it could be. It could look

0:12:17.000 --> 0:12:19.520
<v Speaker 2>like erase or shavings. I'm like, okay, I'm just gonna

0:12:19.520 --> 0:12:20.120
<v Speaker 2>brush this off.

0:12:20.240 --> 0:12:22.400
<v Speaker 1>So now you got viral particles on your hand, and

0:12:22.400 --> 0:12:24.040
<v Speaker 1>if you're working in an open air market, you could

0:12:24.040 --> 0:12:25.719
<v Speaker 1>be So this is something where it could be on

0:12:25.760 --> 0:12:27.840
<v Speaker 1>the food, right, or where you could be shaking hands

0:12:27.880 --> 0:12:30.000
<v Speaker 1>with somebody or you can cover your mouth to cough

0:12:30.600 --> 0:12:34.080
<v Speaker 1>or I mean anything right where this could be shared

0:12:34.280 --> 0:12:35.200
<v Speaker 1>or spread around, or.

0:12:35.240 --> 0:12:37.720
<v Speaker 2>Touch a door knob, or touch something that a lot

0:12:37.720 --> 0:12:39.760
<v Speaker 2>of people touch. You get on the bus, yeah, you

0:12:39.800 --> 0:12:41.640
<v Speaker 2>sit down in the bus seat, you touch the seat,

0:12:41.720 --> 0:12:42.760
<v Speaker 2>you touch the handles.

0:12:43.000 --> 0:12:45.240
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's that's so important. So if you work in

0:12:45.280 --> 0:12:48.400
<v Speaker 1>the market, you have multiple opportunities to contact with tons

0:12:48.440 --> 0:12:51.160
<v Speaker 1>of people, and then those people are contacting other people,

0:12:51.240 --> 0:12:55.319
<v Speaker 1>and right now we don't know a lot about how

0:12:55.679 --> 0:12:58.040
<v Speaker 1>the transmission works, right, And I think a good point

0:12:58.080 --> 0:13:00.520
<v Speaker 1>that you made was that as our population grows and

0:13:00.640 --> 0:13:04.280
<v Speaker 1>we have less space for the wildlife, so their habitats

0:13:04.320 --> 0:13:07.559
<v Speaker 1>are getting smaller because we're encroaching on their space, the

0:13:08.720 --> 0:13:12.000
<v Speaker 1>rate that we are going to be coming in contact

0:13:12.080 --> 0:13:15.800
<v Speaker 1>with animal and like parts of their lives, whether it

0:13:15.800 --> 0:13:18.040
<v Speaker 1>be their feces or whatever, is going to increase.

0:13:18.080 --> 0:13:19.800
<v Speaker 4>That's right, that's right, it's so true.

0:13:20.080 --> 0:13:22.400
<v Speaker 1>And I think the other thing is, even as a

0:13:22.520 --> 0:13:25.320
<v Speaker 1>rate increases, it's important to know that not all animal

0:13:25.400 --> 0:13:28.679
<v Speaker 1>viruses can adapt to humans. Even if a virus does

0:13:28.760 --> 0:13:30.800
<v Speaker 1>make it to a human, that doesn't necessarily mean that

0:13:30.880 --> 0:13:33.040
<v Speaker 1>it's going to become a global health emergency like this

0:13:33.240 --> 0:13:34.920
<v Speaker 1>novel coronavirus.

0:13:34.320 --> 0:13:37.760
<v Speaker 6>Has these bats, for example, or whatever animal is. Their

0:13:37.800 --> 0:13:41.360
<v Speaker 6>reservoir carries the virus, and maybe a human does come

0:13:41.400 --> 0:13:44.240
<v Speaker 6>in contact with it, and maybe a human does get.

0:13:44.120 --> 0:13:47.920
<v Speaker 9>Infected with it. But we're not the natural host for

0:13:48.080 --> 0:13:51.439
<v Speaker 9>these viruses. They're really not made for humans.

0:13:52.080 --> 0:13:56.599
<v Speaker 6>So the virus doesn't hasn't built up the capability to

0:13:56.880 --> 0:14:01.400
<v Speaker 6>replicate efficiently and transmit from human to human efficiently.

0:14:02.040 --> 0:14:04.800
<v Speaker 4>And that is the key thing to remember is that

0:14:05.040 --> 0:14:06.040
<v Speaker 4>viruses can evolve.

0:14:06.240 --> 0:14:09.559
<v Speaker 2>So that virus at first brushes up against a human

0:14:09.880 --> 0:14:13.199
<v Speaker 2>and that immune system has not seen this before, so

0:14:13.240 --> 0:14:14.679
<v Speaker 2>it doesn't even really know what to do. But then

0:14:14.760 --> 0:14:17.240
<v Speaker 2>also the virus itself doesn't know what to do. It

0:14:17.320 --> 0:14:20.960
<v Speaker 2>doesn't have the tools it needs in order to infect

0:14:21.040 --> 0:14:23.040
<v Speaker 2>and get into that hostel and get into the kitchen

0:14:23.120 --> 0:14:23.800
<v Speaker 2>and start cooking.

0:14:24.000 --> 0:14:27.680
<v Speaker 1>Yes, And so that one isn't able to replicate, right,

0:14:27.760 --> 0:14:31.360
<v Speaker 1>That one maybe doesn't infect a human. But let's continue

0:14:31.400 --> 0:14:34.240
<v Speaker 1>on in time, right, And so as the virus continues

0:14:34.280 --> 0:14:36.840
<v Speaker 1>to exist in this animal reservoir, which we say is

0:14:36.880 --> 0:14:40.000
<v Speaker 1>a bat. Now remember we have similarity to bats. So

0:14:40.160 --> 0:14:44.160
<v Speaker 1>now your virus is robust. Right, It's like, hey, I've

0:14:44.160 --> 0:14:46.760
<v Speaker 1>been lifting weights. I've been pumping iron. So now it

0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:50.600
<v Speaker 1>interacts with a human in Wuhan, and it's like, yo,

0:14:50.680 --> 0:14:51.840
<v Speaker 1>I got a Swiss army knife.

0:14:52.040 --> 0:14:52.520
<v Speaker 4>I'm ready.

0:14:52.560 --> 0:14:54.760
<v Speaker 1>I know exactly how to pick this lock. This same

0:14:54.920 --> 0:14:57.240
<v Speaker 1>key that I use in bats. I'm going to try

0:14:57.240 --> 0:14:59.720
<v Speaker 1>it right over here. Skeleton key, skeleton key. Turns out

0:14:59.720 --> 0:15:01.320
<v Speaker 1>we got the same lock, right.

0:15:02.400 --> 0:15:04.320
<v Speaker 2>And now I'll let myself in.

0:15:04.480 --> 0:15:09.240
<v Speaker 4>I'll let my that's right, I love my friend. I'll

0:15:09.320 --> 0:15:10.160
<v Speaker 4>let myself in.

0:15:10.960 --> 0:15:15.200
<v Speaker 1>And now it's using your cast are skilling okay, and

0:15:15.280 --> 0:15:17.960
<v Speaker 1>it's cooking up more virus, just cooking up more virus.

0:15:18.480 --> 0:15:21.080
<v Speaker 1>And so now you have virus that's replicating in humans.

0:15:21.080 --> 0:15:24.480
<v Speaker 1>So it's adapted, right, and this particular coronavirus has adapted

0:15:24.560 --> 0:15:27.440
<v Speaker 1>to be able to not only go from animal to human,

0:15:27.760 --> 0:15:30.640
<v Speaker 1>but now to transmit from human to human pretty efficiently.

0:15:31.040 --> 0:15:36.440
<v Speaker 2>There are now over seventeen thousand confirmed cases and over

0:15:36.720 --> 0:15:38.320
<v Speaker 2>three hundred and fifty.

0:15:38.120 --> 0:15:40.680
<v Speaker 4>Deaths, and that number is just going to continue to rise.

0:15:41.160 --> 0:15:42.120
<v Speaker 4>It's wild, it is.

0:15:42.480 --> 0:15:45.280
<v Speaker 1>And because this has spread to over two dozen countries,

0:15:45.400 --> 0:15:49.280
<v Speaker 1>the World Health Organization has declared the twenty nineteen coronavirus

0:15:49.440 --> 0:15:51.160
<v Speaker 1>a global health emergency.

0:15:51.720 --> 0:15:53.720
<v Speaker 2>When we come back. We'll talk about how the virus

0:15:53.720 --> 0:15:56.600
<v Speaker 2>has spread, what scientists like doctor Corbett are doing to

0:15:56.640 --> 0:15:59.000
<v Speaker 2>stop it, and what you should do in the coming weeks.

0:16:17.240 --> 0:16:21.040
<v Speaker 2>And we're back. Let's talk about how coronavirus spreads. Infected

0:16:21.080 --> 0:16:24.680
<v Speaker 2>people can share the virus by coughing, sneezing, or touching others.

0:16:25.160 --> 0:16:30.120
<v Speaker 6>Diligence behind what you're doing in your everyday life can

0:16:30.240 --> 0:16:34.640
<v Speaker 6>prevent a lot of infections. You know, coughing into your

0:16:34.720 --> 0:16:37.840
<v Speaker 6>sleeve and not your hand, washing your hands, etc.

0:16:38.600 --> 0:16:41.160
<v Speaker 1>We all know that people aren't great about keeping their

0:16:41.200 --> 0:16:44.240
<v Speaker 1>germs to themselves. So how worried should we be about

0:16:44.280 --> 0:16:45.440
<v Speaker 1>contracting coronavirus?

0:16:45.880 --> 0:16:49.040
<v Speaker 9>You shouldn't be alarmed by Now there's human and human

0:16:49.080 --> 0:16:52.520
<v Speaker 9>transmission in the United States, Like, that's what viruses do.

0:16:53.160 --> 0:16:56.880
<v Speaker 1>A recent case of novel coronavirus in Washington State found

0:16:56.920 --> 0:16:59.160
<v Speaker 1>that the virus is not only in the lung and

0:16:59.360 --> 0:17:03.040
<v Speaker 1>lung excres so coughing and sneezing, yes, but it was

0:17:03.160 --> 0:17:06.879
<v Speaker 1>also found in this individual's fecal matter, that's poop.

0:17:07.080 --> 0:17:10.480
<v Speaker 2>This is another reason why handwashing is so important. This

0:17:10.600 --> 0:17:12.359
<v Speaker 2>is how stomach viruses are transmitted.

0:17:12.480 --> 0:17:14.840
<v Speaker 4>Yeah, people don't think about that. Fecal to oral route.

0:17:15.440 --> 0:17:17.600
<v Speaker 2>Right nasty.

0:17:18.080 --> 0:17:21.920
<v Speaker 9>The virus is doing what it set out to do.

0:17:22.920 --> 0:17:26.199
<v Speaker 6>Last time I checked, I believe the case fatality rate

0:17:26.320 --> 0:17:28.080
<v Speaker 6>was around still around two or three percent rate.

0:17:28.800 --> 0:17:31.160
<v Speaker 9>So the case fatality rate is fairly low.

0:17:32.280 --> 0:17:35.680
<v Speaker 6>More often than not, the people that succumbed to coronavirus

0:17:35.720 --> 0:17:40.840
<v Speaker 6>infections have prior ailments or our elderly.

0:17:41.280 --> 0:17:44.000
<v Speaker 1>Two to three percent means two to three people per

0:17:44.200 --> 0:17:47.440
<v Speaker 1>one hundred, right, So when you think about this, just

0:17:47.560 --> 0:17:51.520
<v Speaker 1>for some context, MERZ killed about thirty percent of the

0:17:51.600 --> 0:17:55.920
<v Speaker 1>people it infected. SARS kill is about ten percent, and that's.

0:17:55.920 --> 0:17:59.960
<v Speaker 6>Not necessarily beneficial from an evolutionary standpoint for a virus

0:18:00.240 --> 0:18:01.880
<v Speaker 6>like you don't want to kill your host.

0:18:02.280 --> 0:18:05.560
<v Speaker 2>These viruses are setting up shop in your body rent free.

0:18:06.119 --> 0:18:08.199
<v Speaker 2>They need you and your host seals is that they

0:18:08.240 --> 0:18:10.200
<v Speaker 2>could keep replicating and existing.

0:18:10.400 --> 0:18:11.840
<v Speaker 1>And so what we're talking about now is two to three.

0:18:11.880 --> 0:18:14.560
<v Speaker 1>So the fatality rate for this coronavirus is much lower

0:18:14.840 --> 0:18:18.160
<v Speaker 1>than the other two we've seen. Right, thinking about their existence,

0:18:18.440 --> 0:18:21.440
<v Speaker 1>let's talk about their eradication. This gets us right to

0:18:21.600 --> 0:18:24.720
<v Speaker 1>doctor Corbett's work. She and her team are working on

0:18:24.760 --> 0:18:26.760
<v Speaker 1>a coronavirus vaccine.

0:18:26.440 --> 0:18:29.040
<v Speaker 6>And this isn't as easy as you might think. You

0:18:29.160 --> 0:18:32.760
<v Speaker 6>can't just say, make a vaccine. It's not trivial to

0:18:32.880 --> 0:18:36.280
<v Speaker 6>create immunity. To that right, you have to do some things,

0:18:36.400 --> 0:18:41.560
<v Speaker 6>some designing, protein engineering, manipulation, platform delivery.

0:18:42.040 --> 0:18:45.840
<v Speaker 1>One of the most important steps to infection is viral attachment.

0:18:46.280 --> 0:18:48.920
<v Speaker 1>That knocking on the wholesales door is done when a

0:18:49.080 --> 0:18:52.080
<v Speaker 1>viral protein attaches to or binds to a receptor on

0:18:52.119 --> 0:18:52.840
<v Speaker 1>a human cell.

0:18:53.119 --> 0:18:59.040
<v Speaker 6>We study, you know, particular amino acid sites on proteins,

0:18:59.520 --> 0:19:06.880
<v Speaker 6>and you know, study how various mutations and viral proteins effects,

0:19:07.280 --> 0:19:12.880
<v Speaker 6>whether it be like an iminogenicity or expression in cell culture.

0:19:13.600 --> 0:19:15.679
<v Speaker 1>Doctor Corbett is talking about a couple of things here.

0:19:16.520 --> 0:19:20.680
<v Speaker 1>You want to understand what site on a protein is

0:19:21.000 --> 0:19:24.000
<v Speaker 1>important for attaching to a wholesale and then you also

0:19:24.080 --> 0:19:27.960
<v Speaker 1>need to understand which receptor on your wholet sale is important. So,

0:19:28.040 --> 0:19:30.280
<v Speaker 1>for example, a lung cell has over a thousand different

0:19:30.320 --> 0:19:33.119
<v Speaker 1>surface proteins. Oh my gosh, so somebody's got to figure

0:19:33.119 --> 0:19:35.720
<v Speaker 1>out which one this newly discovered virus binds to.

0:19:36.440 --> 0:19:38.960
<v Speaker 2>And doctor Corbett is optimistic that a vaccine will be

0:19:39.119 --> 0:19:40.720
<v Speaker 2>in clinical trials soon and.

0:19:40.760 --> 0:19:43.200
<v Speaker 6>The reason why the research is actually moving so fast

0:19:43.359 --> 0:19:46.879
<v Speaker 6>is because people have been studying these, including myself for

0:19:47.000 --> 0:19:52.960
<v Speaker 6>some time. You know, we study B cells, we study

0:19:53.080 --> 0:19:55.840
<v Speaker 6>T cells here I don't particularly, but we do have

0:19:55.920 --> 0:19:59.320
<v Speaker 6>a T cell expert in our lab. You know, we

0:19:59.440 --> 0:20:04.679
<v Speaker 6>study the antibodies on the mono level. So like one antibody,

0:20:04.840 --> 0:20:07.359
<v Speaker 6>we will study it for how well it binds to

0:20:07.520 --> 0:20:10.280
<v Speaker 6>a thing, how well does it kill a virus, how

0:20:10.359 --> 0:20:13.159
<v Speaker 6>well does it do this, what other the mechanisms does

0:20:13.200 --> 0:20:15.720
<v Speaker 6>it have. All of these questions are in the backdrop

0:20:15.760 --> 0:20:16.800
<v Speaker 6>of this vaccine design.

0:20:17.440 --> 0:20:20.040
<v Speaker 1>But until the vaccine comes out, what should we do

0:20:20.240 --> 0:20:21.919
<v Speaker 1>from a public health perspective?

0:20:22.240 --> 0:20:26.119
<v Speaker 6>Be aware, but don't panic. You know, people are like, oh,

0:20:26.200 --> 0:20:28.359
<v Speaker 6>should I get on the plane? What if somebody came

0:20:28.400 --> 0:20:32.119
<v Speaker 6>in from China? First of all, the CDC is screening heavily,

0:20:32.359 --> 0:20:34.399
<v Speaker 6>and they are the best in the world at what

0:20:34.480 --> 0:20:37.639
<v Speaker 6>they do. The Centers for Disease Control, the United States

0:20:38.400 --> 0:20:43.760
<v Speaker 6>Centers for Disease Control is amazing with diagnostics and prevention

0:20:44.720 --> 0:20:48.600
<v Speaker 6>and screening. And so still get on planes, still hang

0:20:48.680 --> 0:20:52.680
<v Speaker 6>out with your friends. If, for example, this thing turns

0:20:52.760 --> 0:20:55.080
<v Speaker 6>out to spread across the country, I have no idea

0:20:55.119 --> 0:20:56.640
<v Speaker 6>what it's going to do. But if it does turn

0:20:56.680 --> 0:21:00.040
<v Speaker 6>out to spread across the country, Wash your hands and

0:21:00.119 --> 0:21:03.960
<v Speaker 6>sneeze into your arm, go to work, come home, and

0:21:04.080 --> 0:21:07.160
<v Speaker 6>go to sleep, and then when our vaccine comes out,

0:21:07.840 --> 0:21:09.320
<v Speaker 6>take it the end.

0:21:10.280 --> 0:21:11.920
<v Speaker 4>I think that was pretty clear advice.

0:21:12.400 --> 0:21:13.960
<v Speaker 1>We went into this trying to figure out what a

0:21:14.040 --> 0:21:16.440
<v Speaker 1>coronavirus is, where its name came from, and where it

0:21:16.600 --> 0:21:17.000
<v Speaker 1>came from.

0:21:17.400 --> 0:21:19.960
<v Speaker 4>And I think we've done those things. How it spreads.

0:21:20.119 --> 0:21:24.040
<v Speaker 1>You know, we have one route that's lung secretions, coughing, sneezing,

0:21:24.240 --> 0:21:27.280
<v Speaker 1>and we have another potential route oral fecal and then

0:21:27.320 --> 0:21:29.840
<v Speaker 1>I think the next thing is how worried we should

0:21:29.840 --> 0:21:32.600
<v Speaker 1>be about this. I think it's important to have some context.

0:21:32.800 --> 0:21:33.520
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely.

0:21:33.800 --> 0:21:38.119
<v Speaker 1>You know a lot of this early reporting about you know, transmission,

0:21:38.320 --> 0:21:40.639
<v Speaker 1>So how many people can be infected from one case.

0:21:41.359 --> 0:21:44.479
<v Speaker 1>That is transmission under a certain set of conditions, Right,

0:21:44.600 --> 0:21:48.080
<v Speaker 1>that's transmission when nobody knows that coronavirus is a thing,

0:21:48.760 --> 0:21:50.800
<v Speaker 1>and so that's transmission where you might have a different

0:21:50.840 --> 0:21:52.840
<v Speaker 1>type of infrastructure. You have to remember this was an

0:21:52.920 --> 0:21:55.960
<v Speaker 1>open wet market, so you're talking about open tanks and

0:21:56.040 --> 0:21:59.880
<v Speaker 1>buckets with fish viral matter, you know, or fecal matter

0:22:00.040 --> 0:22:05.000
<v Speaker 1>from bats in something that's in water splashing around everywhere.

0:22:05.960 --> 0:22:06.840
<v Speaker 4>That's very different.

0:22:06.960 --> 0:22:08.960
<v Speaker 2>Anything could happen, Anything could happen.

0:22:09.080 --> 0:22:10.159
<v Speaker 4>There are a lot of variables that.

0:22:10.119 --> 0:22:13.520
<v Speaker 2>Are important to determining the transmission rate, right, And we

0:22:13.680 --> 0:22:17.320
<v Speaker 2>can't just neglect all those things and say, oh, all

0:22:17.440 --> 0:22:23.520
<v Speaker 2>Asian people have coronavirus. That's racist, it's racist, and it's

0:22:23.640 --> 0:22:29.280
<v Speaker 2>ridiculous scientifically, right. What we know is in this space

0:22:29.359 --> 0:22:32.080
<v Speaker 2>and time where we are right now, global trade and

0:22:32.240 --> 0:22:37.359
<v Speaker 2>global travel is real. Right, So, yes, this was identified

0:22:37.880 --> 0:22:41.040
<v Speaker 2>in Wuhan, but that's it, right, It was identified in Wuhan,

0:22:41.200 --> 0:22:45.000
<v Speaker 2>and everybody that's in Wuhan wasn't necessarily Chinese, and everybody

0:22:45.040 --> 0:22:48.720
<v Speaker 2>that has coronavirus isn't necessarily Chinese exactly. And it's just

0:22:48.840 --> 0:22:52.639
<v Speaker 2>so unfortunate because of the way that these viruses are named.

0:22:52.880 --> 0:22:55.440
<v Speaker 2>They take the name of the place where it was

0:22:55.600 --> 0:23:00.760
<v Speaker 2>first discovered, and so then you get this negative stigma

0:23:00.960 --> 0:23:04.760
<v Speaker 2>associated with that place, and it's not really fair, I

0:23:04.760 --> 0:23:05.200
<v Speaker 2>don't think.

0:23:05.600 --> 0:23:08.160
<v Speaker 1>And what we also know is that you know, people

0:23:08.240 --> 0:23:11.160
<v Speaker 1>are drawing back and making phases when someone is sneezing

0:23:11.240 --> 0:23:14.000
<v Speaker 1>or coffin. Yeah, sure, but also the incubation period before

0:23:14.000 --> 0:23:16.960
<v Speaker 1>you start showing symptoms is two to fourteen days. That

0:23:17.200 --> 0:23:21.440
<v Speaker 1>means if you have a long incubation period, it takes

0:23:21.480 --> 0:23:23.280
<v Speaker 1>a while before you can catch this stuff, right, And

0:23:23.359 --> 0:23:25.720
<v Speaker 1>so that's part of why we see this really big

0:23:26.840 --> 0:23:30.000
<v Speaker 1>increase in the number of cases, because you can be

0:23:30.040 --> 0:23:31.840
<v Speaker 1>asymptomatic for a long time.

0:23:32.160 --> 0:23:34.880
<v Speaker 2>Right. So, just like doctor Corbett said, there are things

0:23:34.920 --> 0:23:38.720
<v Speaker 2>that we can do to help eradicate this disease from

0:23:39.520 --> 0:23:45.000
<v Speaker 2>our communities, and that is doing the right hygienic things

0:23:45.800 --> 0:23:49.280
<v Speaker 2>in order to make sure that the virus isn't spreading.

0:23:49.800 --> 0:23:53.800
<v Speaker 2>If the virus can't spread and attached to another whost

0:23:53.880 --> 0:23:56.760
<v Speaker 2>sale and you then and I got a choice but

0:23:56.920 --> 0:23:58.040
<v Speaker 2>to go away.

0:23:58.240 --> 0:24:01.480
<v Speaker 1>I think another thing just in the about hygiene, I

0:24:01.520 --> 0:24:03.880
<v Speaker 1>don't even want to get into the mask. Okay, leave

0:24:03.920 --> 0:24:06.040
<v Speaker 1>the mask to the public health workers. I see, y'all,

0:24:06.080 --> 0:24:08.960
<v Speaker 1>you're wearing your mask inside out. I'm like that you've

0:24:09.000 --> 0:24:09.840
<v Speaker 1>turned it the wrong way.

0:24:10.000 --> 0:24:12.080
<v Speaker 2>They don't even have the right type of grade mask

0:24:12.160 --> 0:24:13.240
<v Speaker 2>to keep out something of that.

0:24:13.520 --> 0:24:15.080
<v Speaker 4>A viral particle is so small.

0:24:15.200 --> 0:24:17.280
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you have to go and research those.

0:24:17.280 --> 0:24:18.040
<v Speaker 4>You need to read.

0:24:24.760 --> 0:24:29.600
<v Speaker 1>But I think the thing here is to understand distance

0:24:29.760 --> 0:24:32.200
<v Speaker 1>that viral particles can travel. So if we're talking about

0:24:32.280 --> 0:24:37.760
<v Speaker 1>coughing and sneezing. And what's the travel distance for the

0:24:37.920 --> 0:24:40.600
<v Speaker 1>uhan virus. It can only travel about six feet from

0:24:40.600 --> 0:24:44.200
<v Speaker 1>an infected person. Okay, now we don't know much about

0:24:44.200 --> 0:24:46.560
<v Speaker 1>it being able to exist on surface, how long that lasts.

0:24:46.600 --> 0:24:51.120
<v Speaker 1>But just for perspective, you're worried about the coronavirus. But measles,

0:24:51.160 --> 0:24:52.800
<v Speaker 1>on the other hand, can travel up to one hundred

0:24:52.840 --> 0:24:55.439
<v Speaker 1>feet and it can stay alive for hours on the surface.

0:24:55.480 --> 0:24:56.119
<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh.

0:24:56.440 --> 0:24:58.879
<v Speaker 1>So I'm just gonna drop that there. And so I

0:24:59.000 --> 0:25:00.800
<v Speaker 1>think you know the those are kind of things that

0:25:00.880 --> 0:25:01.720
<v Speaker 1>you need to think about.

0:25:02.000 --> 0:25:04.800
<v Speaker 2>Don't sleep on coffing into your sleeve like some people

0:25:04.880 --> 0:25:07.560
<v Speaker 2>are thinking that, Oh, the virus will travel through your sleep.

0:25:07.760 --> 0:25:09.720
<v Speaker 2>Like it matters, Like if you put it on your hand,

0:25:09.880 --> 0:25:12.040
<v Speaker 2>we touch everything with our fingers. Like if you put

0:25:12.080 --> 0:25:14.080
<v Speaker 2>it in your in the in the what do you

0:25:14.240 --> 0:25:17.439
<v Speaker 2>touch yourn, the clock on your arm. You're not touching

0:25:17.520 --> 0:25:20.640
<v Speaker 2>things with that, yes, and all those little things make

0:25:20.720 --> 0:25:22.119
<v Speaker 2>a big difference.

0:25:22.400 --> 0:25:31.680
<v Speaker 4>It's so true. I think I've learned a lot about this.

0:25:32.080 --> 0:25:34.880
<v Speaker 1>The coronavirus and how it's spreading has been a really

0:25:34.920 --> 0:25:38.000
<v Speaker 1>good exercise for me in critical reading, right and what

0:25:38.119 --> 0:25:41.000
<v Speaker 1>I see in inspecting the memes that I that people

0:25:41.040 --> 0:25:44.480
<v Speaker 1>are sharing that I make sure I don't then share exactly. Also,

0:25:44.800 --> 0:25:49.160
<v Speaker 1>it's a great exercise in public health, like what people understand,

0:25:49.240 --> 0:25:51.359
<v Speaker 1>what they know and don't know, and it helps us

0:25:51.359 --> 0:25:53.680
<v Speaker 1>see some of the outages, you know. I think for

0:25:53.840 --> 0:25:57.399
<v Speaker 1>me this was a great eye opener and I'm like, oh,

0:25:57.480 --> 0:25:59.080
<v Speaker 1>I need to do a lot more science.

0:25:58.800 --> 0:26:02.639
<v Speaker 4>Outreach to my own people, exactly, to my own folks.

0:26:02.760 --> 0:26:04.320
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, it be your own people.

0:26:06.240 --> 0:26:07.440
<v Speaker 4>That's it for Lab twenty three.

0:26:07.800 --> 0:26:09.600
<v Speaker 1>Don't forget to check out our website for our cheat

0:26:09.640 --> 0:26:12.680
<v Speaker 1>sheet on today's episode and our show notes because we

0:26:12.800 --> 0:26:15.280
<v Speaker 1>are dropping all the links to everything you need to

0:26:15.400 --> 0:26:19.280
<v Speaker 1>read on Dope labspodcast dot com. We had to talk

0:26:19.280 --> 0:26:22.320
<v Speaker 1>about coronavirus because it is everywhere. But it's also a

0:26:22.359 --> 0:26:23.080
<v Speaker 1>Black History.

0:26:22.920 --> 0:26:26.800
<v Speaker 2>Month, yes, and for our semester finale, which is in

0:26:26.920 --> 0:26:30.600
<v Speaker 2>two weeks, yes, very exciting. We want to highlight all

0:26:30.680 --> 0:26:34.399
<v Speaker 2>of the black people in Stem all over the world.

0:26:34.880 --> 0:26:37.080
<v Speaker 2>So if you are black in Stem, or you know

0:26:37.280 --> 0:26:39.600
<v Speaker 2>somebody that's black in Stem, tell them to go to

0:26:39.760 --> 0:26:43.960
<v Speaker 2>Dope lasspodcast dot com slash Stem to look for information

0:26:44.119 --> 0:26:46.479
<v Speaker 2>on how they can be a part of our semester finale.

0:26:46.720 --> 0:26:48.360
<v Speaker 4>Yes, I can't wait to hear from y'all.

0:26:49.359 --> 0:26:50.600
<v Speaker 3>Also, we love.

0:26:50.520 --> 0:26:53.080
<v Speaker 2>Hearing from you. What do you think about today's lab?

0:26:53.400 --> 0:26:56.240
<v Speaker 2>What are your ideas for future labs? Our number is

0:26:56.359 --> 0:26:59.280
<v Speaker 2>to zero two five six seven seven zero two eight.

0:27:00.040 --> 0:27:03.159
<v Speaker 1>Also find us on Twitter and Instagram at Dope Labs Podcasts.

0:27:03.760 --> 0:27:06.480
<v Speaker 1>T T is on Twitter at d R Underscore.

0:27:06.119 --> 0:27:08.880
<v Speaker 2>T s h O, and you can find Zakiya at

0:27:09.160 --> 0:27:10.080
<v Speaker 2>z Said So.

0:27:10.920 --> 0:27:13.600
<v Speaker 1>Follow us on Spotify or wherever you listen to podcasts.

0:27:14.400 --> 0:27:17.440
<v Speaker 1>Special thanks to our guests doctor Kismikia Corbett. We have

0:27:17.600 --> 0:27:19.720
<v Speaker 1>links so you can learn more about her previous work

0:27:19.800 --> 0:27:22.879
<v Speaker 1>and current work in our show notes. This episode of

0:27:22.920 --> 0:27:25.240
<v Speaker 1>Dope Labs is produced by Jenny rattlit Mass of Wave

0:27:25.320 --> 0:27:28.760
<v Speaker 1>Runner Studios and Elizabeth Nikano. Mixing and sound designed by

0:27:28.800 --> 0:27:29.440
<v Speaker 1>Hannis Brown.

0:27:29.880 --> 0:27:34.040
<v Speaker 2>Original theme music is by Taka Yasuzawa and Alex Sugi Eura,

0:27:34.560 --> 0:27:38.560
<v Speaker 2>with additional music by Elijah Alex Harvey. Dope Labs is

0:27:38.600 --> 0:27:41.400
<v Speaker 2>a production of Spotify Studios and Mega Own Media Group,

0:27:41.600 --> 0:27:44.680
<v Speaker 2>and it's executive produced by us T. T. Shadia and

0:27:44.800 --> 0:27:52.240
<v Speaker 2>Zakiah Wattley. Wrong This was supposed to be Yeah down Below,

0:27:52.640 --> 0:27:53.359
<v Speaker 2>damn here.

0:27:53.800 --> 0:27:55.840
<v Speaker 4>When you said wrong or got so nervous, I was like,

0:27:55.920 --> 0:27:56.399
<v Speaker 4>you doing.

0:27:56.280 --> 0:27:58.320
<v Speaker 2>It wrong now, I said I was talking to my thumb.

0:27:58.400 --> 0:28:00.040
<v Speaker 2>I was like, that's not right, because then it's I

0:28:00.040 --> 0:28:00.639
<v Speaker 2>don't mean.

0:28:02.160 --> 0:28:03.320
<v Speaker 1>You wouldn't talk to me like that.

0:28:03.520 --> 0:28:05.440
<v Speaker 2>I would not. I would never, So don't talk to

0:28:05.480 --> 0:28:07.440
<v Speaker 2>you like that. Okay, I'll try my best.