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Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class from house

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Speaker 1: works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast Tracy

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Speaker 1: Wilson and I'm Holly Frying. The subject of today's podcast

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Speaker 1: has been requested by a couple of different listeners. One

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Speaker 1: was Lackbreit, who wrote back in March, and another is Christopher,

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Speaker 1: who wrote in after promotions for the movie Suffragette raised

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Speaker 1: some controversy about the film's treatment of race, and I

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Speaker 1: want to be very clear, I have not seen seen Suffragette.

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Speaker 1: I cannot personally comment on how the film treated race.

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Speaker 1: But the thing that people were criticizing stem from the

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Speaker 1: fact that basically everybody in the movie is white, which

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Speaker 1: is simultaneously woefully inaccurate and sadly true. It number one,

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Speaker 1: people of color, particularly women of color, were definitely part

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Speaker 1: of the suffrage movement in the United Kingdom, but at

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Speaker 1: the same time, that same movement a lot of times

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Speaker 1: was focused on the needs of white women, sometimes specifically,

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Speaker 1: to the exclusion of everyone else, and that is true

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Speaker 1: also in the United States suffrage movement. It's not something

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Speaker 1: that was unique to Britain. So that brings us to

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Speaker 1: today's subject. So Fia du leep Singh She was an

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Speaker 1: Indian princess whose father was the last Maharajah of the

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Speaker 1: Sikh Empire in what's now India and Pakistan. Queen Victoria

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Speaker 1: was her godmother. I've learned Queen Victoria had quite a

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Speaker 1: lot of god children, oh Vicky, so Fire was one

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Speaker 1: of so many. Uh So she became a very vocal presence,

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Speaker 1: a very vocal presence and the women's suffrage movement in

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Speaker 1: Britain and Princess Sofia's background and her upbringing had a

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Speaker 1: really huge influence on how she came to be part

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Speaker 1: of the movement and just generally how her life played out.

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Speaker 1: And her story doesn't make a whole lot of sense

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Speaker 1: without knowing a bit about her father and her grandfather.

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Speaker 1: So we're gonna tell her story in two parts. Today

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Speaker 1: is the Sad Royal childhood installment of this two parter.

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Speaker 1: If you have missed past hosts focused on Sad Royal childhoods,

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Speaker 1: that's what we're going to talk about today. Part two

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Speaker 1: is going to talk about her adult life and how

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Speaker 1: she started working to help women in Britain get the

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Speaker 1: right to vote. Sofia de Leippe Singh's grandfather, Runjeet Singh

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Speaker 1: founded the seek Empire at the turn of the nineteenth century.

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Speaker 1: He took the city of Lahore in seventeen nine and

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Speaker 1: then was named in Maharajah in eighteen oh one. Throughout

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Speaker 1: the nineteenth century, ron Jet sing annexed and conquered territories

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Speaker 1: that neighbored his own. He was backed by an army

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Speaker 1: that was made of Sikh, Muslim and Hindu soldiers. A

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Speaker 1: lot of his conquering and annexing, by all the accounts

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Speaker 1: that I found, seems to have been pretty welcomed because

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Speaker 1: the rulers that he ousted were often very corrupt and also,

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Speaker 1: banding together the neighboring kingdoms made the region as a whole,

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Speaker 1: say for a more stable Added to this was the

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Speaker 1: fact that he showed respect and tolerance for the various

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Speaker 1: religious beliefs and practices that existed within the region, rather

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Speaker 1: than forcing everyone to convert to the Maharaja's religion, which

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Speaker 1: as we said, was Sikhism. He even made a point

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Speaker 1: of marrying Hindu, Sikh and Muslim wives. Apart from all

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Speaker 1: this expansion of territory, one of the other acquisitions during

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Speaker 1: this time was the Kohe Neword Diamond. There's a whole

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Speaker 1: podcast about it in the archive, and he wore this

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Speaker 1: gem on a piece of jewelry on his arm, defying

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Speaker 1: the popular belief that this uh stone was in fact cursed.

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Speaker 1: By the time of Ranjit Singh's death in eighteen thirty nine,

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Speaker 1: the Sikh Empire was very large and very wealthy. But

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Speaker 1: without him around to lead this empire, the leaders of

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Speaker 1: the various factions that he had united started to work

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Speaker 1: against each other again. And it really didn't help that

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Speaker 1: one after another his successors were all assass needed. None

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Speaker 1: of them managed to hold on to their reign for

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Speaker 1: more than a couple of years. The heir to maintain

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Speaker 1: control of the empire for the longest period after Ranjeet

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Speaker 1: Singh's death was his youngest son, du Leip Singh. He

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Speaker 1: was Sofia du Leip Singh's father. Du Leip's mother, Maharani Jindkar,

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Speaker 1: was known as jindn She was one of his father's

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Speaker 1: more recent wives. At the time of his death, she

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Speaker 1: had refused to participate in the ritual of Sati, in

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Speaker 1: which Ranjeet's otherwives burned themselves to death on his funeral pyre.

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Speaker 1: She said that she was more dedicated to Dulip than

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Speaker 1: his than to his late father. That dedication became extremely

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Speaker 1: evident when Dulip Singh became the next person in line

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Speaker 1: of succession in eighteen forty three. His mother acted as

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Speaker 1: his regent, and her political savvy protected the young Maharaja

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Speaker 1: for several years. She was able to keep him relatively unharmed,

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Speaker 1: even as others around him were assassinated an ongoing power

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Speaker 1: grab that changed with the First Anglo Sikh War, which

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Speaker 1: was fought between the Seak Empire and the British East

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Speaker 1: India Company and its allies. The British East India Company

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Speaker 1: took over what remained of the Seek Empire in eighteen

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Speaker 1: forty nine, claiming to be acting on the young Maharaj's behalf,

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Speaker 1: It presented him with a treaty that outlined, among other things,

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Speaker 1: terms for quote protecting him until he was sixteen. In

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Speaker 1: the meantime, his mother would still act as regent. Side

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Speaker 1: note also included in this treaty was surrendering the Collonord

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Speaker 1: Diamond to the Queen of England, and this British protection

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Speaker 1: was unfortunately not to be The British East India Company

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Speaker 1: slowly infiltrated Lahore with its own troops. It banished Duleiep's mother,

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Speaker 1: who had become vocal about their distrust of them, when

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Speaker 1: Delip was nine years old. At the age of eleven,

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Speaker 1: Dulip himself was exiled. He was sent to one of

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Speaker 1: India's northwestern provinces, away from his supporters, and given to

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Speaker 1: a Scottish family to tooter. Eventually he converted from Sikhism

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Speaker 1: to Christianity. At the age of fifteen, Julip Singh asked

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Speaker 1: if he could visit England to see the Queen, and

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Speaker 1: Queen Victoria, who had been intensely curious about the boy,

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Speaker 1: enthusiastically agreed, and once he was in England, do Leiep

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Speaker 1: Singh became one of Queen Victoria's favorites. The India Office,

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Speaker 1: which oversaw Britain's rule of the Indian provinces, granted him

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Speaker 1: an income which was pittance in comparison to the wealth

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Speaker 1: of the seek Empire, but made him richer than a

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Speaker 1: lot of British nobility. But even though he had lots

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Speaker 1: of money and he was clearly doated on by the Queen,

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Speaker 1: he was still Indian and therefore still viewed his inferior

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Speaker 1: by much of the British aristocracy. As Duleep got older,

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Speaker 1: he started very publicly and very enthusiastically carousing around with

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Speaker 1: Prince Albert, then known as Bertie, who would later become

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Speaker 1: King Edward the seventh. Naturally, this public carousing became quite

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Speaker 1: embarrassing to the monarchs, so she started trying to find

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Speaker 1: a good match for him, hoping that if Julip Sing

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Speaker 1: got married, he would settle down. She had to do

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Speaker 1: this while also trying to keep him in the dark

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Speaker 1: about the realities of British colonial rule in India, which

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Speaker 1: we have other things on in the archive. To be

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Speaker 1: very very for a generously brief it was not great. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And when Queen Victoria's husband Albert died on December fourteenth

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Speaker 1: of eighteen sixty one, as his fairly common knowledge, Victoria

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Speaker 1: lost interest in a lot of things, and that included

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Speaker 1: dou Leip and his family's situation. Two years later, while

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Speaker 1: the Queen was still deeply in mourning, Duleep's mother also

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Speaker 1: died at the age of forty five. It was only

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Speaker 1: after making his last trip to India to take his

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Speaker 1: mother's body home and have it cremated according to seek

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Speaker 1: traditions that he realized that his life in England was

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Speaker 1: likely to be extremely lonely upon his return, so with

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Speaker 1: the Queen still otherwise occupied, he took the matter of

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Speaker 1: his marriage and to his own hands. On the way

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Speaker 1: back to England, he stopped in Cairo he married the

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Speaker 1: beautiful and pious Bomba Mueler. This was the illegitimate daughter

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Speaker 1: of a German merchant and an enslaved woman from Abyssinia,

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Speaker 1: which today is mostly Ethiopia. Du Leep wrote to Bomba's

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Speaker 1: father to ask him to grant her legitimacy so that

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Speaker 1: the whole thing would not be quite so shocking to

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Speaker 1: the Queen. Then he married her after knowing her for

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Speaker 1: about four months. Fortunately, once the Queen actually met her,

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Speaker 1: she liked her as well. The couple moved to Elveden

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Speaker 1: Estate in Suffolk, which Duleep spent lots of time and

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Speaker 1: money remodeling. He blended British and Indian influences into this project,

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Speaker 1: and he added a huge menagerie to the grounds, full

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Speaker 1: of animals that were to the British landscape quite exotic,

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Speaker 1: including leopards, cheetah's, monkeys and parrots. This was, as you

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Speaker 1: can imagine, quite lavish. This remodeling project went on for

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Speaker 1: thirteen years, which also saw the births all of Sophia's

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Speaker 1: older siblings. Just as the remodel was complete, it also

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Speaker 1: saw the birth of Sophia herself. We will talk about

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Speaker 1: her early life after a brief word from one of

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Speaker 1: our sponsors, and now we go back to our story.

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Speaker 1: So Fia Douleep Singh was born on August eight, seventy six.

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Speaker 1: In addition to being the youngest, uh the youngest of

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Speaker 1: the Duleep Singh children at the time, there was a

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Speaker 1: several year gap between her and her brothers and sisters,

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Speaker 1: who had all been born within one or two year

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Speaker 1: increments of one another. So how's the baby she was

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Speaker 1: doated on. Not long after her birth, though, things sort

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Speaker 1: of started to go south at home. Although her father

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Speaker 1: had a sizeable income from the India Office, he was

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Speaker 1: outspending it and significantly so. He also had something of

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Speaker 1: a gambling problem. Plus he just felt like he was

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Speaker 1: royalty so he should be able to do what he wanted,

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Speaker 1: even though he didn't really have an empire anymore. In

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Speaker 1: spite of the fact that every and I was trying

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Speaker 1: to keep him in the dark about it. He also

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Speaker 1: started learning more about British activities in his former home,

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Speaker 1: as well as about how his mother had been treated

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Speaker 1: by the British, which was not well. He became increasingly defiant,

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Speaker 1: and when the Queen's bankers started insisting that he reigned

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Speaker 1: in his spending, he responded by spending even more. It

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Speaker 1: took the Queen herself sending him a letter directly before

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Speaker 1: he begrudgingly approached his life with any sort of adherence

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Speaker 1: to a budget. In August of eighteen seventy nine, Sophia's

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Speaker 1: little brother, Albert Edward duleep Singh was born, making Sophia

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Speaker 1: one of six siblings to survive their infancy. Because they

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Speaker 1: were so much younger than the older four children, Sofia

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Speaker 1: and the baby, who was known as Eddie were particularly close.

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Speaker 1: After Eddie's birth, things continued to get worse around the

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Speaker 1: duleep sing home. Julippe himself had been having affairs throughout

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Speaker 1: his marriage, and these became increasingly serious and increasingly public.

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Speaker 1: He had a number of illegitimate children, and some of

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Speaker 1: the older ones he gave jobs at the Elveden estate.

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Speaker 1: This behavior became increasingly upsetting to his wife, and a

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Speaker 1: huge riff started to develop in the couple's marriage. Finally,

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Speaker 1: the British government made it clear that it would no

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Speaker 1: longer tolerate do Leif's excesses. It offered him a one

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Speaker 1: time payment that would allow him to settle all his

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Speaker 1: debts in an exchange, it would take control of the

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Speaker 1: estate at Elveden upon his death. This meant that de

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Speaker 1: Leppe would basically be broke but not in debt, and

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Speaker 1: would have no property to leave his children. In desperation,

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Speaker 1: he wrote to the Queen directly, and in her reply

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Speaker 1: she suggested that she might be able to help his

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Speaker 1: children after he was gone, but though when it came

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Speaker 1: to his own finances, she basically reminded him that he

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Speaker 1: had been warned. In her words, quote as I once

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Speaker 1: or twice mentioned to you before. I think you were

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Speaker 1: thought extravagant and that may have led to a want

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Speaker 1: of confidence as regards to the future. Oh, you have

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Speaker 1: to admire her turn of phrase. Yeah, I was just thinking.

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Speaker 1: I'm glad I never ran a foul of Queen Victoria

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Speaker 1: needing to tell me and I told you so. Because

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Speaker 1: this is simultaneously so deft and so putting him down,

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Speaker 1: but so incredibly polite. Uh, in retaliation for what he

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Speaker 1: perceived as having been taken advantage of. After all, as

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Speaker 1: you recall, the seek Empire was worth far more than

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Speaker 1: the British government had ever given him. De Leepe teamed

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Speaker 1: up with Army Major Evans Bell to write a tell

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Speaker 1: all book about the British annexation of his empire, and

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Speaker 1: there really was quite a bit to tell. However, the

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Speaker 1: book was really a rush job. It was sloppy, and

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Speaker 1: definitely was not what do Leep had hoped it would be.

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Speaker 1: He wanted it to be an injury to the crown

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Speaker 1: of himself and his family when he was increasingly publicly

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Speaker 1: planning to take them back to India. He wrote to

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Speaker 1: back to Seekism once they arrived there. This was really

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Speaker 1: the last thing he felt like he could genuinely threaten

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Speaker 1: the reasons his presence at court had been so acceptable

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Speaker 1: but couldn't get cleared to go through the Suez Canal,

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Speaker 1: which would they were going to need to do to

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Speaker 1: continue the rest of the way to India. Finally, after

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Speaker 1: something of a stalemate, do they put his family on

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Speaker 1: a ship and sent them back to England without him.

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Speaker 1: Do Leep Singh stayed behind, and on May six he

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Speaker 1: was rebapped tised as a Sikh. When the weather in

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Speaker 1: Odden didn't agree with him, he got permission from the

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Speaker 1: British to go anywhere he wished, except India. The government

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Speaker 1: was afraid that his presence there would rile up anti

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Speaker 1: colonial sentiment, and so instead he went to France and

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Speaker 1: he tried to rile up that sentiment there. Meanwhile, Obamba

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Speaker 1: and the children returned to England, where they had no

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Speaker 1: home and no income, and wound up being entirely dependent

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Speaker 1: on Queen Victoria, who had them housed at first in

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Speaker 1: a hotel. Not long after, de Leipsing posted a public

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Speaker 1: notice that he relinquished all responsibility for his family and

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Speaker 1: their well being and their debts, instead started focusing on

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Speaker 1: raising money and manpower to try to retake his kingdom

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Speaker 1: from Britain. Queen Victoria was godmother to two of de

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Speaker 1: Leep's children, both Safia and her brother Victor, and she

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Speaker 1: felt a moral responsibility to look after the whole family,

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Speaker 1: So the India Office granted Maherini bamba and income, although

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Speaker 1: it was of course much smaller than do Leaps had

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Speaker 1: been the two oldest children, both sons, were both put

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Speaker 1: into school, and the eldest, Victor, was put into a

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Speaker 1: military academy. They were hoping to curtail the habits of

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Speaker 1: gambling and excess that he had picked up from his father.

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Speaker 1: Victor was expected to enter the British Army as an officer,

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Speaker 1: which normally was not allowed for foreign princes, but the

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Speaker 1: fact that he was the Queen's god son allowed for

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Speaker 1: the exception. At this point, Sofia was eleven, Her mother

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Speaker 1: had fallen into a deep depression and their nanny, who

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Speaker 1: had looked after them for much of their earliest years,

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Speaker 1: had taken another post in the face of the Maharini's behavior,

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Speaker 1: and this left Sofia and her younger brother mostly unsupervised.

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Speaker 1: To try to give the household and the younger children

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Speaker 1: some semblance of stability and order, A man named Arthur

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Speaker 1: Oliphant was put in charge of them. He wasn't just

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Speaker 1: appointed their head of household, though he was also supposed

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Speaker 1: to keep tabs on them and report back to the queen.

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Speaker 1: He moved them to his home in Kent and started

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Speaker 1: trying to encourage them into a more refined upbringing. Once

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Speaker 1: she had instructors in both academics and deportment, Sophia did

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Speaker 1: indeed progress very rapidly. She was really smart, and she

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Speaker 1: had a gift for music, and she began to behave

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Speaker 1: in a way that was closer to what was expected

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Speaker 1: of a young lady of her station. But unfortunately, than

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Speaker 1: a series of tragedies plagued her adolescence, and we're going

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Speaker 1: to talk about those after we have a brief word

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Speaker 1: from one of our fabulous sponsors. In September, Sophie I

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Speaker 1: got typhoid, and while she was sick. Her mother lapsed

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Speaker 1: into a coma and died. She was thirty nine. She

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Speaker 1: had basically been sitting vigil and then sort of inexplicably

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Speaker 1: fell ill and died. The Queen gave Sophia's father permission

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Speaker 1: to come back to Britain for her mother's funeral, but

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Speaker 1: he chose not to do it, and of course the

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Speaker 1: children were completely heartbroken at having lost their mother, and afterward,

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Speaker 1: Oliphant and his wife continued to look after all the

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Speaker 1: girls and little Eddie, who remember was the youngest. With

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Speaker 1: a more stable home and dedicated tutors, all of the

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Speaker 1: children started to learn very quickly. This basically kept them

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Speaker 1: under the very careful eye of Elephant, who was still

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Speaker 1: giving reports back to the Queen on their behavior, and

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Speaker 1: this also enabled their caretakers to try to teach them

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Speaker 1: to be proper British children, with proper British attitudes and

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Speaker 1: proper British deference to the Queen. Oliphant and the and

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Speaker 1: the Queen thought this was especially necessary because both Sophia

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Speaker 1: and Eddie were old enough to remember their father's increasingly

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Speaker 1: outspoken anger at Britain. They also could remember their aborted

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Speaker 1: trip to India. Which had been thwarted by the British

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Speaker 1: authorities that wouldn't allow them through the Suettes Canal. They were, not, however,

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Speaker 1: quite old enough to grasp that talking about it, especially

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Speaker 1: in a way that reflected well on their father and

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Speaker 1: badly on Britain, would probably not go over well with

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Speaker 1: the people in show arge of their care. Eventually, it

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Speaker 1: was decided that the children needed a clean break or

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Speaker 1: they would never grow up in a way that suited

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Speaker 1: their station. Sofia and Eddie were sent to Brighton and

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Speaker 1: the two older sisters, Catherine and Bomba, were sent to university.

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Speaker 1: With all her older siblings no longer at home, so

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Speaker 1: Fi became sort of the lynch pen of the family.

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Speaker 1: She was the one that all of her siblings wrote

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Speaker 1: to and trusted her to pass on news of the others.

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Speaker 1: She also looked after her one younger brother. She learned

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Speaker 1: to play the piano, and she did quite well with it,

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Speaker 1: and she did gradually take on more of the department

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Speaker 1: that was expected of her. However, their progress in their

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Speaker 1: studies was short lived. In eighteen ninety, their father, who

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Speaker 1: had developed a very serious drinking problem, had a series

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Speaker 1: of major strokes. He wrote to the Queen to ask

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Speaker 1: for forgiveness, and he was given permission to come back

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Speaker 1: to Britain under the condition that he beat unfailingly, unquestioningly

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Speaker 1: obedient to the monarch. By this point he had remarried,

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Speaker 1: and the Queen was not willing to extend much hospitality

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Speaker 1: to Deleep's new wife. In her mind, that was the

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Speaker 1: woman responsible for turning de Leip away from his family

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Speaker 1: and away from his Christian faith. In spite of having

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Speaker 1: gotten permission to return to Britain, there was not much

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Speaker 1: of a happy reunion for the deleep Singh family. So

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Speaker 1: Faia's father had a serious heart attack while still in France,

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Speaker 1: and about the same time, little Eddie got pneumonia that

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Speaker 1: was complicated by other infections. While de Leip was able

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Speaker 1: to come to England to see his son, he didn't

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Speaker 1: stay long because he was afraid his own failing health

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Speaker 1: would distract the doctors from looking after Eddie. Eddie de

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Speaker 1: leep Sing died at the age of thirteen in April

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Speaker 1: of eighteen ninety three. De Leip Sing died just months

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Speaker 1: later alone in a hotel room on the night of

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Speaker 1: October twenty two. The staff found him on the floor

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Speaker 1: the next morning. He was only fifty five at the time.

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Speaker 1: Against his final wishes, which were to be buried wherever

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Speaker 1: he died, do Leep Sing's children had his body brought

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Speaker 1: back to England. He was buried at Eldon Hall alongside

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Speaker 1: his first wife and his deceased son, the now orphans.

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Speaker 1: Sofia was understandably distraught. She had just turned seventeen and

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Speaker 1: in just a few years she had lost her mother,

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Speaker 1: her father, and her much adored little brother. The nanny,

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Speaker 1: who had taken another post during her mother's depression, had

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Speaker 1: also died, literally as the Oliphants were trying to bring

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Speaker 1: her back to look after them again. The douleep Singh

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Speaker 1: children had also lost their home, their status, and nearly

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Speaker 1: all of their wealth. While her surviving brothers had the

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Speaker 1: means and freedom to support themselves, Bomba, Caroline and Sophia

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Speaker 1: do leep Singh were completely dependent upon the Queen. And

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Speaker 1: that is where we are going to end the sad

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Speaker 1: royal childhood portion of Sufiat Sophia do leep Sing's life.

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Speaker 1: We are going to continue in the next episode about

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Speaker 1: how Princess Sofia, who at the point where we're leaving her,

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Speaker 1: is considered to be kind of unassuming and playing and

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00:21:06,400 --> 00:21:09,919
Speaker 1: quiet wind up becoming very politically defiant. And if you

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Speaker 1: were interested in this story, you can read it with

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00:21:12,640 --> 00:21:15,159
Speaker 1: so so much more detail and so many things we

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Speaker 1: have not gotten into in the book. Sofia Princess Suffragette,

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Speaker 1: Revolutionary by Anita and Non. I highly recommend it, and

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Speaker 1: we're going to be talking about it talking about it

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Speaker 1: at the end of part two. Also, do you have

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Speaker 1: a little bit of listener mail for us? I knew

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Speaker 1: this is from Alison, and Alison says hello. Firstly, I

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Speaker 1: want to say how much I love your podcast, both

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Speaker 1: due to the lively and wonderful way you discuss history

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Speaker 1: and the wonderful research and ethics you put into it.

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Speaker 1: It is so great to hear people laughing and having

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Speaker 1: fun on the air. I so enjoyed the podcast on

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Speaker 1: the Alcott Family. I was super excited to see an

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Speaker 1: episode on moonshine because I'm a big whiskey buff and

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Speaker 1: make my own fruit and herbal infusions at home. In general,

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Speaker 1: I love the episode, but I wanted to note that

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Speaker 1: you did not mention the limited medicinal production of whiskey

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Speaker 1: during prohibition. Instead, you commented that no one could distill

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Speaker 1: at that time. While this was generally accurate, I found

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Speaker 1: the history of whiskey fascinating when I myself found out

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Speaker 1: about the contributions that that prohibition era medicinal distilleries made

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Speaker 1: to the survival of American whiskey production and American interest

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Speaker 1: in whiskey. I feel that this little side note could

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Speaker 1: have benefited the episode because I see it as similar

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Speaker 1: to current medical marijuana. I don't know if I totally

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Speaker 1: like the connection is there, and that both marijuana is

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Speaker 1: illegal in most places but medically legal in some places,

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Speaker 1: but overall, yeah, we did not get into that at

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Speaker 1: all that um. I had actually not until I looked

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Speaker 1: at the link that Allison sent to us. Uh did

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Speaker 1: not realize that there were things that were basically marketed

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Speaker 1: as medicinal whiskey. I did know that there were lots

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Speaker 1: and lots of patent medicines that were basically quack cures

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Speaker 1: that contained lots of alcohol. So mostly what they were

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Speaker 1: doing for you is getting you kind of drunk, not

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Speaker 1: actually treating any medical thing. You just wouldn't be any better, right,

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Speaker 1: So I didn't realize that they're they're also like there

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Speaker 1: are pictures in this link that I will put in

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Speaker 1: the show notes of things that were actually bottled and

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Speaker 1: sold as medicinal whiskey, which I didn't totally realize. Um so, yeah, that,

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Speaker 1: but it has that in common with marijuana, and that

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Speaker 1: they are both generally illegal but legal in some limited context.

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Speaker 1: But there's a whole other federal law part about marijuana

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Speaker 1: that takes it to a whole different level. Yeah. Uh So, anyway,

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Speaker 1: thank you Allison so much for writing in about that.

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Speaker 1: Uh if you would like to write to us about

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00:23:44,280 --> 00:23:46,720
Speaker 1: this or any other podcast for history podcasts but how

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00:23:46,760 --> 00:23:49,600
Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com. We're also on Facebook at facebook

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Speaker 1: dot com slash miss in history and on Twitter at

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00:23:51,840 --> 00:23:54,640
Speaker 1: miss in history. Are tumbler is missed in history dot

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Speaker 1: tumbler dot com, and or on Pinterest at panthers dot

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00:23:56,840 --> 00:23:59,600
Speaker 1: com slash miss in history. If you would like to

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00:23:59,680 --> 00:24:02,200
Speaker 1: learn about all kinds of cool stuff, you can come

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00:24:02,240 --> 00:24:04,560
Speaker 1: to our parent company's website, which is how Stuff Works

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00:24:04,560 --> 00:24:07,480
Speaker 1: dot com. You want to see a whole archive of

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00:24:07,520 --> 00:24:10,160
Speaker 1: every episode we have ever done and show notes where

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00:24:10,160 --> 00:24:12,320
Speaker 1: I will put, for example, the link to the article

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00:24:12,400 --> 00:24:15,479
Speaker 1: that Allison sent over about medicinal whiskey, you can come

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00:24:15,520 --> 00:24:18,520
Speaker 1: to our website which is missed in history dot com,

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00:24:18,560 --> 00:24:21,479
Speaker 1: So we do all that a whole lot more at

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00:24:21,480 --> 00:24:23,919
Speaker 1: how stuff works dot com or miss in history dot

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00:24:24,000 --> 00:24:30,840
Speaker 1: com for more on this and thousands of other topics

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00:24:30,880 --> 00:24:44,840
Speaker 1: because it how stuff works dot com