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Speaker 1: Hey, this is Steve Ronella here. I know it's not

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Speaker 1: my show, but I don't care. Man, I'm button in

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Speaker 1: to tell you this. We got our mediator Live to

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Speaker 1: Aur going right now me Steve the Lavin Eagle. Honest,

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Speaker 1: who tell us? Ryan Callahan. We're on tour with special guests.

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Speaker 1: At every venue. Everything is sold out except we've got

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Speaker 1: two dates we gotta bring home. April fifteen, Masa Arts Center, Masa, Arizona,

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Speaker 1: Get your tickets. That's you, Phoenix people. April sixteen, City

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Speaker 1: National Grove, Anaheim, California. That's you l A people. It's

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Speaker 1: our only two dates left with tickets. Get him now.

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Speaker 1: Thank you. From Mediators World News Headquarters in Bozeman, Montana.

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Speaker 1: This is Kel's we Can Review with Ryan kel Kellahan.

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Speaker 1: Now here's Kel. Everyone knows the old saying big things

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Speaker 1: come in small packages. Well, in this case, dangerous things

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Speaker 1: like some of the world's most dangerous things come in

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Speaker 1: small packages. The quote cigarette snail, as in, if stuck

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Speaker 1: by the hypodermic needle like harpoon which is hidden in

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Speaker 1: the proboscis of this snail, the neurotoxin rich venom will

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Speaker 1: kill a person in the amount of time it takes

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Speaker 1: to smoke a cigarette. How that observation was made, I

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Speaker 1: do not know. They're over six hundred types of cone snail.

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Speaker 1: They're all venomous, but their ability to kill a person,

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Speaker 1: which is typically what all us people really care about,

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Speaker 1: is directly proportionate to their size and their prey species

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Speaker 1: of choice. Just recently, a suspicious snail was found in

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Speaker 1: the family aquarium. The owner of the tank, a husband

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Speaker 1: and father of a six year old boy, took a

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Speaker 1: picture of it posted the picture to an aquarium forum,

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Speaker 1: where it was quickly identified as Conus geographus, or the

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Speaker 1: cigarette snail. The owner of the aquarium believes the snail

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Speaker 1: may have hitchhiked in on the most recent addition to

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Speaker 1: the tank, a shrimp. What the shrimps intentions were we

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Speaker 1: may never know. Now. This incredibly deadly snail is still

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Speaker 1: a snail, not known for aggressiveness, speed, or agility. It

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Speaker 1: won't fly out of the aquarium to attack an unfamiliar

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Speaker 1: neighbor or pet, but you probably shouldn't have one in

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Speaker 1: a tank that you regularly put your hand in. The

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Speaker 1: risk may not match the reward. On top of that,

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Speaker 1: they'll eat your fish smaller cone snails that hunt seaworms

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Speaker 1: use smaller doses of venom. Of the cone snail species

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Speaker 1: that prey on marine worms, eighteen have been documented in

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Speaker 1: stabbing and in venomizing humans. Of those eighteen cases, the

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Speaker 1: effects of the toxins were mild. Cone snails that specialize

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Speaker 1: in molas tend to deliver more punch than the worm

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Speaker 1: eaters and less than the fish eaters, whereas the larger

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Speaker 1: snails that hunt fish use a larger dose of venom.

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Speaker 1: Conus geographus specializes in fish and accounts for almost all

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Speaker 1: documented cone snail fatalities, as well as half of all

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Speaker 1: cone snail incidents worldwide. The venom in Cona's geographics is

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Speaker 1: a mix of nearly a hundred different toxins comprised of

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Speaker 1: over one hundred thousand different bioreactive compounds, creating a cocktail

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Speaker 1: so complex there is no cure. How many do you

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Speaker 1: have one just one? Cone snails are found primarily in

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Speaker 1: tropical waters like the Red Sea, the Indian Ocean, the Caribbean,

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Speaker 1: and parts of the Pacific. However, they do appear to

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Speaker 1: be slowly adapting to milder temperatures, allowing them to expand

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Speaker 1: their range, measuring only six to nine inches in length

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Speaker 1: at their largest. These snails typically only stab people when

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Speaker 1: they are picked up and handled, most commonly in the

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Speaker 1: act of shell collecting, which I have sympathy for. That

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Speaker 1: pretty cone like shell is that snail's castle, after all,

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Speaker 1: and nobody wants to be plucked from your environment mid

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Speaker 1: hunt to be thrown in a dive bag and preserved

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Speaker 1: on someone's shelf somewhere. Before we leave this subject, keep

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Speaker 1: in mind there is no need to be in panic

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Speaker 1: over the cone snail. You can safely file this in

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Speaker 1: the category of something very small, can be something very special,

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Speaker 1: did not prohibit your children from entering the oceans over

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Speaker 1: Conas Geographics as two thousand sixteen paper was the most

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Speaker 1: recent compilation of verified snail involved injuries and deaths. This

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Speaker 1: study went all the way to the seventeenth century and

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Speaker 1: found only a hundred and thirty nine cone snail injury

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Speaker 1: cases total, despite the fact that one adult cone snail

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Speaker 1: has enough venom to potentially kill seven hundred people. According

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Speaker 1: to the paper Cone Snail Toxicity by A. Capital and Cooper,

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Speaker 1: there were only thirty six documented fatalities in the past

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Speaker 1: four hundred years. As always you have to pay attention

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Speaker 1: to the word verified. I am sure there are many

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Speaker 1: more that were not verified, but bees, cars, dogs, and

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Speaker 1: lightning should all stay a little higher up in your

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Speaker 1: That thing is out to get me. Scale. This week,

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Speaker 1: we're gonna talk venom and poison, Montana's mystery, elk law enforcement,

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Speaker 1: and so much more. But first I'm gonna tell you

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Speaker 1: about my week. I went all the way out to Nashville, Tennessee,

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Speaker 1: to the National Wild Turkey Federation Convention. Every year the

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Speaker 1: convention is held at this place is called the gay

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Speaker 1: Lord opry Land Resort. This place is a maze of

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Speaker 1: guest rooms, conference rooms, ball rooms, atrium shops, and just

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Speaker 1: as I have felt the last time I was there,

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Speaker 1: it may be easier to find a real, live wild

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Speaker 1: turkey in the woods than find your room in this place.

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Speaker 1: N w TF is full of dedicated staff and volunteers.

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Speaker 1: They do a great work on behalf of not just turkeys,

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Speaker 1: but habitat and access to One of the most frequent

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Speaker 1: questions I get is how do I meet other hunters?

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Speaker 1: One great way is to go join a conservation organization

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Speaker 1: and volunteer for field days. You'll do some good work

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Speaker 1: and you will meet a lot of people. My advice

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Speaker 1: is focused on the retirees. They have a lot of

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Speaker 1: time and they like to show people around National Wild

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Speaker 1: Turkey Federation, back Country Hunters and Anglers, Pheasants Forever, Quail Forever,

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Speaker 1: all great conservation organizations. A donation of your time to

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Speaker 1: one of these organs will pay off. Also, thank you

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Speaker 1: to everyone who is listening that currently volunteers. Time is

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Speaker 1: the most valuable thing we have. Thank you, thank you.

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Speaker 1: And speaking of volunteering, I have gotten in a few

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Speaker 1: emails in regards to our Steel work days. We're looking

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Speaker 1: for a couple of interesting projects where we can round

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Speaker 1: up a bunch of steel power equipment, go out and

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Speaker 1: do some trail work, some habitat work, you know, stuff

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Speaker 1: that involves power equipment. Please keep the project ideas coming in.

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Speaker 1: The good folks that Steel have a few occasions to

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Speaker 1: lend equipment volunteers for some projects and I'm going to

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Speaker 1: help them out with one or two. So again, if

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Speaker 1: you need a hand on some trail work or habitat work,

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Speaker 1: please let me know by writing in to ask cal

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Speaker 1: A s k c A L at the Meat Eater

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Speaker 1: dot com. Preferably something on land that the public gets

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Speaker 1: to enjoy unless it's like a really killer habitab project. Anyway,

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Speaker 1: good ideas are welcome, send him in quick side story

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Speaker 1: from this same trip to Nashville. It was Steven Ronella's birthday,

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Speaker 1: my good friend, uh, Happy birthday, Steve, And on top

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Speaker 1: of that, it was podcast engineer Phil's wedding anniversary, all

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Speaker 1: in the same trip. Phil likes to find tiki bars

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Speaker 1: or tiki themed establishments on his travels, and in honor

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Speaker 1: of these two momentous occasions, we went to Nashville's only,

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Speaker 1: I presume, robot themed tiki bar. Our cocktail waitress was

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Speaker 1: absolutely fantastic, and as it turned out, we had something

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Speaker 1: in common. She, like me, is an a possum fan.

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Speaker 1: She was also a real professional, as she smiled while

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Speaker 1: I man splain to her all of my possum facts

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Speaker 1: that she likely already knew. Aside from being patient, she

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Speaker 1: also had this fun fact. If you ever find a

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Speaker 1: bunch of baby possums on the side out of the road,

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Speaker 1: put a sports bra on over the top of your

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Speaker 1: shirt and put the baby possums in the bra. They

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Speaker 1: will feel your heat and your heart beat and go

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Speaker 1: to sleep. That apparently is how your angle possum children

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Speaker 1: if it ever comes up. If you're too squeamish about

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Speaker 1: possum babies in your bra it may help you know that,

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Speaker 1: in our talented server's opinion, they look like quote tiny

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Speaker 1: younger versions of Bernie Sanders. I approved this message, moving

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Speaker 1: on to a combination of topic and fan mail venom v. Poison.

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Speaker 1: While on the subject to cone snails, I was reminded

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Speaker 1: of a listener email regarding the difference between venomous and poisonous,

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Speaker 1: something I had messed up in the past. If you

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Speaker 1: go face value by the definitions, you can think of

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Speaker 1: it this way. Venom is a tool, and tools have

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Speaker 1: to be used, like the cone snail uses its venom

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Speaker 1: as a tool to incapacitate and kill its prey. Where

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Speaker 1: poison is passive, the poison dart frog is not going

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Speaker 1: to attack you with its poison. It is going to

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Speaker 1: kill you if you bite the frog. And so doing.

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Speaker 1: Poisonous animals are educating predators that they should find prey elsewhere.

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Speaker 1: If you live in a rattlesnake country and someone points

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Speaker 1: to a rattler and asks is that snake poisonous? You

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Speaker 1: can look them in the eye laughing and say no, because,

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Speaker 1: as we all just learned, rattlesnakes deliver their toxin by biting,

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Speaker 1: meaning they are venomous not poisonous. The definition is based

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Speaker 1: in delivery injected versus secreted kind of. As it turns out,

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Speaker 1: there are plenty of animals out there that can be

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Speaker 1: poisonous at times. Some things, like the cute little hedgehog,

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Speaker 1: possess no natural toxins, but they have a strong immunity

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Speaker 1: to them. The hedgehog can shoot toxic substances and distribute

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Speaker 1: that toxin across and throughout their five thousand spines in

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Speaker 1: a process called anointing. If you were to be pricked

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Speaker 1: by a spine that had a healthy enough dose of toxin,

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Speaker 1: you could get sick. You were infected from being pierced

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Speaker 1: by a spine, which, if you think about it, is

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Speaker 1: similar to a fang. But would it be correct to

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Speaker 1: call the hedgehog venomous? Some things can be both poisonous

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Speaker 1: and venomous, and some snakes and even birds that are

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Speaker 1: considered poisonous don't create their own poison. They just store

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Speaker 1: poison collected from the ingestion of things that start out poisonous.

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Speaker 1: For instance, that very common little salamander and minno eater,

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Speaker 1: the garter snake, actually stores up the cumulative toxins from

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Speaker 1: salamanders and toads, making the snake itself poisonous to eat,

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Speaker 1: but its bite is harmless. So don't allow yourself to

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Speaker 1: make the broad statement that all snakes are venomous not poisonous.

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Speaker 1: Here's another one to think on that is actually both

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Speaker 1: venomous and poisonous. If you are in India. The tiger

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Speaker 1: keel back snake is a prime example. This snake is

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Speaker 1: incredibly cool for a lot of reasons, but I'm gonna

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Speaker 1: stop short and say that you should not let it

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Speaker 1: bite you, or you know, you try to bite it

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Speaker 1: to further muddy the waters of the venomous poisonous definition.

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Speaker 1: When I eat rattlesnake, a snake that falls squarely in

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Speaker 1: the venomous not poisonous category, the first thing I do

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Speaker 1: is separate the head and bury it, then continue on

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Speaker 1: to process the rest of the snake to eat. Uh

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Speaker 1: tastes like dark meat chicken in my opinion. But here's

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Speaker 1: a question for you. If one were to eat the

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Speaker 1: venom sacks located in the head and be killed not

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Speaker 1: through injection but through ingestion. Would the rattlesnake then be poisonous?

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Speaker 1: Someone right in and let us all know at which

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Speaker 1: point venom becomes poison. It would be disingenuous to let

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Speaker 1: us all point fingers at reptiles if you only have

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Speaker 1: a much easier time imagining the creepy, crawley, scaly amphibian

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Speaker 1: and insect world is poisonous. Did you know that certain

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Speaker 1: primarily insectivorous birds like the little shrike, thresh, the spur

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Speaker 1: winged goose, and even the common quail found in the

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Speaker 1: UK can be poisonous when they dine on poisonous insects.

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Speaker 1: In the human mammal world, we can point to examples

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Speaker 1: of toxic friends, toxic attitudes, toxic masculinity. But did you

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Speaker 1: know that there are venomous mammals. The list includes such

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Speaker 1: animals as the male platypus, some moles, skinks and shrews,

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Speaker 1: vampire bats, seleno dons. The venom in the vampire bat

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Speaker 1: actually works as an anticoagulant, and not as something that

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Speaker 1: turns the bitten into an actual vampire, just a f

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Speaker 1: y I. As for the selenodons, which you have got

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Speaker 1: to look up and take a look at this creator.

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Speaker 1: They're nocturnal, insectivorous, burrowing mammals that strongly resembles a foot long,

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Speaker 1: long legged shrew with the hair of a rat. Think

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Speaker 1: for a a shrunken version of the r O U. S

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Speaker 1: Is from that film classic The Princess Bride. I don't

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Speaker 1: think that exists. Seleno Don means slotted tooth, and it

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Speaker 1: is through the slotted teeth that they inject their venom.

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Speaker 1: This extremely rare venomous mammal can only be found in

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Speaker 1: two distinct populations in Cuba and Hispaniola. Another fun fact,

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Speaker 1: the nipples on the slendodon are located just about on

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Speaker 1: their buttocks, which could give us the origin story for

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Speaker 1: that term you use for people that um, you know,

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Speaker 1: kiss up to the boss. The male platypus a creature

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Speaker 1: so unique that when it was discovered, the poor duck

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Speaker 1: billed earthworm eating egg laying mammal was regarded as a hoax.

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Speaker 1: This strange creator has two spikes, one on each rear leg,

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Speaker 1: that are attached to venom producing glands and its thighs.

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Speaker 1: The venom is toxic enough to kill other small mammals,

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Speaker 1: although at this point in time, all the use those

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Speaker 1: spurs get is likely during confrontations with other male platypus

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Speaker 1: during breeding season. The slow Loris is the only venomous primate.

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Speaker 1: This is doubly interesting and that the toxin delivered from

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Speaker 1: the bite of the slow Loris is a combination of

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Speaker 1: the saliva and the licked toxic secretions from the glands

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Speaker 1: on the arms of this nocturnal primate. The secretions from

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Speaker 1: the gland itself are talk sick and produce a reaction

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Speaker 1: similar to the allergic effects of a cat dander, but

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Speaker 1: the potency can change and in some cases be amplified

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Speaker 1: when it's mixed with the primate saliva. Like many of

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Speaker 1: the creators on this toxic list, diet has been found

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Speaker 1: to be directly related to the potency of the animal's

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Speaker 1: venom or poison. In some cases, like with the keel

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Speaker 1: back snake of India, the animal will actually change habitats

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Speaker 1: to search out prey that will bolster its poison, and

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Speaker 1: that poison can be passed onto its young. It is

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Speaker 1: widely accepted that in the case of venomous or poisonous

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Speaker 1: mammals and are single primate, the slow loris. The adaptation

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Speaker 1: of this type of defense is left over from a

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Speaker 1: previous era when perhaps there were more or different predators

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Speaker 1: that would have eradicated these species if it were not

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Speaker 1: for the ability to kill through venom or educate through poison.

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Speaker 1: Knowing all of this, I all of a sudden find

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Speaker 1: a new appreciation for the simplicity of the old skull

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Speaker 1: and crossbones warning label. Alright, enough of that, boys, moving

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Speaker 1: on to the law enforcement desk. Montana Fishing Game is

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Speaker 1: looking for your help with an unusual case. It seems

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Speaker 1: that someone picked up an elk from the state of Washington.

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Speaker 1: According to a genetic test, there's a ninety nine point

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Speaker 1: nine eight percent chance that the elk came specifically from

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Speaker 1: the Yakima elk herd before it was dropped off outside

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Speaker 1: a Showdow, Montana, you know, showed that charming town on

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Speaker 1: the Rocky Mountain front home of the Bulldogs. Anyway, according

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Speaker 1: to the Billings Gazette, the two year old spiked bull

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Speaker 1: was killed by a hunter October. When a warden inspected

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Speaker 1: the animal, he found that had been castrated, which is

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Speaker 1: unusual for wild elk. The warden was eventually able to

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Speaker 1: find videos of a seemingly habituated elk in the Showdow area,

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Speaker 1: bringing up the possibility that the bull was from a

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Speaker 1: captive servant facility somewhere in the state. When that lead

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Speaker 1: didn't pan out, Warden's turned to a rumor that the

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Speaker 1: elk had been originally from Washington State. Through a lot

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Speaker 1: of effort by Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks as well

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Speaker 1: as the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife and the

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Speaker 1: use of DNA analysis, they eventually determined that the mystery

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Speaker 1: bowl is from a herd that contains Roosevelt elk DNA

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Speaker 1: from six hundred miles away. This brings up a lot

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Speaker 1: of concerns, mostly in the realm of disease transmission. The

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Speaker 1: state's Washington, Oregon, and Idaho are starting to see who

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Speaker 1: frought more commonly a truly sad, crippling disease that we

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Speaker 1: do not want. Montana elk c w D, brucellosis bovine

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Speaker 1: TB are concerns as well as you can imagine putting

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Speaker 1: an elk in a trailer and moving at six hundred

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Speaker 1: miles would help spread disease much faster than the typical

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Speaker 1: roamings of elk, which is why transporting wildlife without the

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Speaker 1: proper documentation is illegal. In fact, a group that is

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Speaker 1: famous from helping elk move around, the Rocky Mountain Elk Foundation,

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Speaker 1: has stated that they will likely never relocate another elk again,

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Speaker 1: do primarily to disease factors. Another con there it is

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Speaker 1: is this the only elk. If someone moved one elk,

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Speaker 1: maybe they move more. Most people want elk, but we

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Speaker 1: want them healthy. And one way to put a herd's

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Speaker 1: health in question is the rapid introduction of intact, breeding

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Speaker 1: capable elk from totally different populations. This investigation will continue,

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Speaker 1: and it will be expensive for all the good people

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Speaker 1: who buy hunting and fishing licenses in the state of Montana.

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Speaker 1: So if you know someone who knows something, give one

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Speaker 1: eight tip monocol. It can be anonymous, and they do

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Speaker 1: have a reward system. Better Yet, if you happen to

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Speaker 1: be the person who took pity on some half frozen

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Speaker 1: elk calf somewhere near Yakama and just couldn't help yourself,

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Speaker 1: so you threw it in the truck and brought it

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Speaker 1: back to the Rocky Mountain Front and took the time

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Speaker 1: to castrate it somewhere along the way. Make that call yourself.

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Speaker 1: Let these folks know what's going on. These wildlife professionals

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Speaker 1: have a lot on their plate. They could use the help.

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Speaker 1: Moving on, but sticking with the crime beat, a Colorado

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Speaker 1: woman recently learned that feeding deer, even if they are

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Speaker 1: in your home and eating off your table is illegal.

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Speaker 1: An Evergreen woman recorded herself luring deer through her basement

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Speaker 1: sliding glass door to a small buffet of bread, apples,

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Speaker 1: carrots laid out on her coffee table. According to Colorado

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Speaker 1: Parks and Wildlife, feeding animals is definitely illegal, but I

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Speaker 1: did not see if inviting them inside is illegal in itself.

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Speaker 1: Either way, feeding and habitualizing wildlife typically ends in the

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Speaker 1: death of wild animal, not in its salvation, which is,

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Speaker 1: you know what I assume most people are after when

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Speaker 1: they're trying to feed something, saving the animals from the outdoors.

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Speaker 1: In some cases that we have discussed here, the animal

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Speaker 1: is not actually euthanized. It spends the rest of its

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Speaker 1: life in a veterinary research facility or behind some sort

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Speaker 1: of tall fence, doing not what the animals intended to do.

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Speaker 1: Feed your friends, feed the homeless, but don't feed the

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Speaker 1: Wildlife CPW would like to remind you that if you

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Speaker 1: were inviting deer into your backyard with feed, you are

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Speaker 1: also inviting mounta lion ends into your backyard. Two feed,

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Speaker 1: and last, but not least, stop at the desk of recognition,

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Speaker 1: introducing critter number twenty four in this week's We Can Review,

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Speaker 1: but soon to be number one in your hearts. The

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Speaker 1: newly recognized cave dwelling relative to the golden mossiere is

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Speaker 1: not only our newest species, but it is our largest

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Speaker 1: cave dwelling fish species, both in length and bulk. It

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Speaker 1: was previously thought that, due to the limitations of life underground,

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Speaker 1: that cave fish were not likely to ever exceed the

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Speaker 1: thirteen inch mark. The new cave dwelling monsieur population has

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Speaker 1: many individuals at the seventeen inch mark and fatties at that.

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Speaker 1: Like many obligate cave dwellers, this monsieur like species appears

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Speaker 1: white and lax eyes, which, due to the ability of

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Speaker 1: many cave dwelling fish to go long periods without food,

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Speaker 1: are actually benefits. Takes energy to look around the dark,

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Speaker 1: you know. The outdoor living golden musser has been climbing

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Speaker 1: in the ranks of fun sport fish to target on

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Speaker 1: the fly, rod or tackle, but it's underground cousin. Like

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Speaker 1: most cave fish, is made to take advantage of anything

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Speaker 1: that falls or crawls in the water, which means you

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Speaker 1: can't exactly pat yourself on the back for catching one

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Speaker 1: outside of the sports lens. This species is likely a

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Speaker 1: very isolated and unique population, like almost all cave fish.

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Speaker 1: Even though you won't be adding this fish to your

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Speaker 1: must catch list, you can join me in rejoicing in

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Speaker 1: the fact that there is still new stuff out there

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Speaker 1: to be discovered. So join me in welcoming the pasty

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Speaker 1: white moss. Here our newest known member of the underground

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Speaker 1: fish scene. I'm not talking jam bounds people. For the record,

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Speaker 1: that's critter number twenty five on episode forty three of

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Speaker 1: Cal's Weekend Review. You may want to ask yourself where

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Speaker 1: else can you get that much wildlife in this amount

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Speaker 1: of time? Nowhere is the answer. Not yellow Stone and

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Speaker 1: not the backyard. That's all I've got for you. Thanks

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Speaker 1: for listening. If you're liking what you're hearing, please tell

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Speaker 1: a friend or two and leave me a review By

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Speaker 1: hitting that furthest right hand start tell me how I'm

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Speaker 1: doing and what I've missed or messed up by writing

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Speaker 1: into a s k C A L at the meat

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Speaker 1: Eater dot com. Looking forward to hearing from you. I'll

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Speaker 1: talk to you next week.