1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,920 Speaker 1: This Day in History Class is a production of I 2 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:06,960 Speaker 1: Heart Radio. Hey y'all, I'm Eves and welcome to This 3 00:00:07,040 --> 00:00:09,680 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, a podcast for people who can 4 00:00:09,720 --> 00:00:22,599 Speaker 1: never have enough history knowledge. Today is June. The day 5 00:00:22,640 --> 00:00:29,600 Speaker 1: was June. Christopher Latham Shoals, Samuel Sole, and Carlos Glidden 6 00:00:29,880 --> 00:00:33,159 Speaker 1: were awarded Patent number seventy nine thousand, two hundred and 7 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:38,159 Speaker 1: sixty five for an invention they called the typewriter. Sholes 8 00:00:38,200 --> 00:00:40,680 Speaker 1: worked as an apprentice to a printer when he was young. 9 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:44,599 Speaker 1: He later became a newspaper editor and publisher as well 10 00:00:44,640 --> 00:00:48,000 Speaker 1: as a politician. He and Sol, who was a friend 11 00:00:48,040 --> 00:00:51,920 Speaker 1: of his, also patented a page numbering device. They worked 12 00:00:51,920 --> 00:00:55,000 Speaker 1: on the device at Charles F. Klein's Toybers Machine shop 13 00:00:55,240 --> 00:00:59,760 Speaker 1: in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, but Shoals and Sole soon shifted focus 14 00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:03,480 Speaker 1: to work on a mechanical writing device. Carlos Glidden joined 15 00:01:03,480 --> 00:01:06,679 Speaker 1: them on the project. They weren't the first to try 16 00:01:06,720 --> 00:01:10,080 Speaker 1: to invent a writing machine. Many people in history contributed 17 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:14,840 Speaker 1: to its design. In the sixteenth century, Francesco Rampezzeto designed 18 00:01:14,880 --> 00:01:18,600 Speaker 1: a crude machine that impressed letters and paper. By the 19 00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:21,880 Speaker 1: nineteenth century, there were plenty of prototypes for the typewriter. 20 00:01:22,440 --> 00:01:27,000 Speaker 1: People like William Austin, burt Agostino Fontoni, Pellegrino Torre, and 21 00:01:27,240 --> 00:01:32,080 Speaker 1: Giuseppe Raviza worked on typing machines. John Pratt built a 22 00:01:32,120 --> 00:01:34,959 Speaker 1: machine called the Tarot type, but he was a Confederate 23 00:01:35,040 --> 00:01:37,240 Speaker 1: during the U S Civil War and had to move 24 00:01:37,280 --> 00:01:40,800 Speaker 1: to Britain to get his patents. His typewriter was exhibited 25 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:44,200 Speaker 1: in Britain and was described in the magazine Scientific American. 26 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:48,000 Speaker 1: Glinden Sole and Shoals were granted a patent for the 27 00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:53,680 Speaker 1: typewriter on June. The typewriter was made of wood and brass. 28 00:01:54,360 --> 00:01:57,120 Speaker 1: It typed only in capital letters, and it was an 29 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:00,080 Speaker 1: understroke machine, which meant that the type is had to 30 00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 1: lift up the carriage to see their work. Rasmus Melling Hansen, 31 00:02:04,440 --> 00:02:07,640 Speaker 1: an inventor in Denmark, created a typewriter known as the 32 00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:11,640 Speaker 1: Writing Ball, which was patented in eighteen seventy and commercially produced, 33 00:02:12,320 --> 00:02:17,799 Speaker 1: but it wasn't as influential as the Shoals and Glidden typewriter. Shoals, Glidden, 34 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:21,200 Speaker 1: and others worked on the typewriter's design for several more years. 35 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:25,800 Speaker 1: James Dinsmore provided financing to help get the typewriter manufactured. 36 00:02:26,600 --> 00:02:30,720 Speaker 1: Matthias Schwalbach contributed to the design, helping solve issues with 37 00:02:30,800 --> 00:02:34,560 Speaker 1: the type bars and keyboard. They sold the patent and 38 00:02:34,639 --> 00:02:37,919 Speaker 1: began working with E. Remington and Sons, a company known 39 00:02:37,960 --> 00:02:43,640 Speaker 1: for making guns and sewing machines, to commercialize the typewriter mechanics. 40 00:02:43,720 --> 00:02:46,960 Speaker 1: Jefferson Clough and William Jenna led the effort to rework 41 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:50,560 Speaker 1: the machine and prepare it for mass production, and Remington 42 00:02:50,680 --> 00:02:53,240 Speaker 1: began production on the shoals and glidden typewriter as it 43 00:02:53,320 --> 00:02:57,360 Speaker 1: was called in eighteen seventy three. The first Remington model 44 00:02:57,520 --> 00:03:00,639 Speaker 1: entered the market in eighteen seventy four. It was decorated 45 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:04,320 Speaker 1: with flowers, and it introduced the cordy keyboard. This was 46 00:03:04,400 --> 00:03:07,840 Speaker 1: likely the arrangement so that frequently used type bars were 47 00:03:07,880 --> 00:03:12,360 Speaker 1: separated and jamming didn't happen as often. This model had 48 00:03:12,400 --> 00:03:15,840 Speaker 1: little success though it was expensive at one and twenty 49 00:03:15,880 --> 00:03:19,639 Speaker 1: five dollars, which would be around twenty eight hundred dollars today, 50 00:03:19,960 --> 00:03:24,480 Speaker 1: and it wasn't as efficient as intended. But in eight 51 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:28,600 Speaker 1: Remington introduced its Model number two. It had a shift 52 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:32,400 Speaker 1: mechanism to produce upper and lower case letters. The carriage 53 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:35,240 Speaker 1: return was operated by hand rather than by foot as 54 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:40,080 Speaker 1: the previous model was, and the ribbon reversed automatically. The 55 00:03:40,160 --> 00:03:44,400 Speaker 1: Remington Number two has been considered the first successful commercial typewriter. 56 00:03:45,640 --> 00:03:48,360 Speaker 1: Some people found the typewriter and practical, or thought that 57 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:52,240 Speaker 1: typed letters lacked a personal touch, but the typewriter allowed 58 00:03:52,280 --> 00:03:55,000 Speaker 1: people to write faster than they could by hand and 59 00:03:55,160 --> 00:03:59,800 Speaker 1: contributed to increased efficiency in the workplace. Its success led 60 00:03:59,840 --> 00:04:03,120 Speaker 1: to the creation of many competitor models, and as Remington 61 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:06,000 Speaker 1: got women to demonstrate the typewriter and put them in 62 00:04:06,080 --> 00:04:11,160 Speaker 1: its promotional images, more women entered the clerical workforce. The 63 00:04:11,240 --> 00:04:14,560 Speaker 1: typewriter continued to develop over the next century and remained 64 00:04:14,600 --> 00:04:17,720 Speaker 1: an important tool in the office until the introduction of 65 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:21,640 Speaker 1: the computer. That said, many people around the world still 66 00:04:21,720 --> 00:04:25,120 Speaker 1: use typewriters, like people in prisons and people in places 67 00:04:25,160 --> 00:04:30,080 Speaker 1: where electricity isn't reliable. I'm Eve Steph Coote and hopefully 68 00:04:30,279 --> 00:04:32,880 Speaker 1: you know a little more about history today than you 69 00:04:32,920 --> 00:04:36,279 Speaker 1: did yesterday. And if you have any comment source suggestions, 70 00:04:36,600 --> 00:04:38,720 Speaker 1: you can send them to us at this day at 71 00:04:38,720 --> 00:04:40,960 Speaker 1: I heeart Media dot com. You can also hit us 72 00:04:41,000 --> 00:04:44,120 Speaker 1: up on social media where at t D I h 73 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:47,359 Speaker 1: C Podcast. Thanks again, for listening to the show, and 74 00:04:47,400 --> 00:05:00,800 Speaker 1: we'll see you tomorrow. For more podcasts from my heart Radio, 75 00:05:00,920 --> 00:05:03,480 Speaker 1: visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever 76 00:05:03,520 --> 00:05:04,760 Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.