WEBVTT - Tech Glossary: From SEO to Y2K 0:00:04.400 --> 0:00:07.800 Welcome to tech Stuff, a production from I Heart Radio. 0:00:12.039 --> 0:00:15.120 Hey there, and welcome to tech Stuff. I'm your host, 0:00:15.320 --> 0:00:18.840 Jonathan Strickland. I'm an executive producer with I Heart Radio 0:00:18.960 --> 0:00:22.320 and I love of all things tech. And Okay, I 0:00:22.360 --> 0:00:25.680 think we are now down to the home stretch here, 0:00:25.880 --> 0:00:29.800 So if you've just joined us. Over the past several 0:00:29.880 --> 0:00:34.320 long episodes, we've been going through popular acronyms and initialisms 0:00:34.440 --> 0:00:37.440 in tech to explain what they mean and kind of 0:00:37.479 --> 0:00:40.600 give some background on each of them. This is the 0:00:40.760 --> 0:00:46.040 sixth and final episode for all those terms. Keeping in 0:00:46.080 --> 0:00:49.199 mind that we did skip a couple, but that'll just 0:00:49.240 --> 0:00:51.479 have to wait for a follow up at some point. 0:00:51.960 --> 0:00:55.800 We are currently in the SYS, so let's get right 0:00:55.840 --> 0:01:00.440 to it and not waste any more time. First is 0:01:00.800 --> 0:01:05.800 s EO. This stands for Search Engine Optimization, and it's 0:01:05.840 --> 0:01:09.880 pretty much what it sounds like. SEO covers a suite 0:01:10.000 --> 0:01:14.280 of strategies and best practices that give web page creators 0:01:14.640 --> 0:01:18.560 a better chance of ranking well in various search engines. 0:01:19.040 --> 0:01:23.200 And really, when we say search engines, we mostly mean Google. 0:01:23.840 --> 0:01:28.920 According to Global Stats, Google accounts for staggering ninety two 0:01:28.959 --> 0:01:33.319 point two percent of the search engine market share so really, 0:01:34.280 --> 0:01:37.000 focusing on anything else doesn't make any sense. You're just 0:01:37.080 --> 0:01:40.160 you're targeting such a small audience that should really focus 0:01:40.200 --> 0:01:44.080 on Google. But let's talk a little bit about why 0:01:44.360 --> 0:01:47.080 s EO is such a big deal in the first place. Well, 0:01:47.120 --> 0:01:50.640 according to Statista, a different site that tracks these sorts 0:01:50.680 --> 0:01:54.640 of things, nearly thirty percent of all web traffic is 0:01:54.680 --> 0:01:58.560 funneled through search. That was back in twenty nineteen at least, 0:01:58.880 --> 0:02:02.480 so nearly a third of all traffic on the Internet 0:02:02.560 --> 0:02:06.200 is dependent upon search. Search represents a way for people 0:02:06.240 --> 0:02:09.760 to discover web content, but only if you rank well 0:02:09.880 --> 0:02:13.200 enough to be found in a search right. If your 0:02:13.320 --> 0:02:18.280 web page isn't showing up pretty early on in search results, 0:02:18.800 --> 0:02:20.440 you might as well not even be in the listing 0:02:20.480 --> 0:02:23.639 at all. And here's another statistic. This one is according 0:02:23.720 --> 0:02:28.920 to webfx, only twenty of users ever bother to go 0:02:29.080 --> 0:02:32.040 beyond the first page of search results. So that means 0:02:32.160 --> 0:02:36.160 seventy of people using the web will use a search 0:02:36.200 --> 0:02:38.720 result that appears on the first page and they never 0:02:38.760 --> 0:02:41.919 go beyond that first page, which means if your website 0:02:41.919 --> 0:02:45.079 doesn't pop up in that first page for whatever relevant 0:02:45.080 --> 0:02:48.280 search criteria match your sight, then you're not going to 0:02:48.400 --> 0:02:52.680 get very much web traffic through search, and it gets worse. Actually, 0:02:52.760 --> 0:02:55.519 when you look at search results, you really only see 0:02:55.560 --> 0:02:58.240 the first few listed before you need to start scrolling 0:02:58.280 --> 0:03:02.480 down the page. We would typically call the search results 0:03:02.520 --> 0:03:06.680 that appear below the screen as being below the fold. 0:03:07.040 --> 0:03:10.320 That's term the dates back to newspapers, and some folks 0:03:10.520 --> 0:03:13.560 won't even go beyond the fold, right, They'll just look 0:03:13.560 --> 0:03:15.840 at the first view and they won't even scroll down. 0:03:15.880 --> 0:03:18.560 So you really need to have your page rank very 0:03:18.639 --> 0:03:22.000 high in search results for whatever the relevant search queries 0:03:22.040 --> 0:03:26.040 are for your web page. Google uses a ranking system 0:03:26.080 --> 0:03:29.880 for search results that has changed several times since it 0:03:29.919 --> 0:03:33.400 first appeared. Now, in the old days, the criteria that 0:03:33.480 --> 0:03:37.520 really determined where a specific result would appear within search 0:03:37.920 --> 0:03:40.880 would include stuff like how old the site was, was 0:03:40.920 --> 0:03:43.920 it had it been around for a while? Uh, how 0:03:43.920 --> 0:03:47.440 many other sites were linking to this page? The idea 0:03:47.480 --> 0:03:49.520 being that if a lot of other sites are linking 0:03:49.640 --> 0:03:53.520 into a specific one, that specific one should be pretty good, right. 0:03:53.520 --> 0:03:56.119 It's kind of like wisdom of the crowd and other 0:03:56.160 --> 0:03:59.920 stuff like that really played a big part. Today it's 0:04:00.280 --> 0:04:03.160 even more complicated, and that's what gave birth to the 0:04:03.240 --> 0:04:07.000 idea of search engine optimization. So the goal is to 0:04:07.160 --> 0:04:10.680 give a web page every advantage so that it has 0:04:10.720 --> 0:04:13.800 the best chance of ranking high in search results for 0:04:14.200 --> 0:04:17.200 the irrelevant queries. And a lot of the strategies in 0:04:17.440 --> 0:04:22.120 s c O are individually pretty small, they can seem insignificant, 0:04:22.600 --> 0:04:25.800 but when they're used collectively, they can all make a 0:04:25.839 --> 0:04:29.679 big difference. That is, until Google changes its algorithm again 0:04:29.720 --> 0:04:33.320 and all your strategies no longer work, which is a thing. 0:04:33.880 --> 0:04:36.960 The dependence on search engines can become a really limiting 0:04:37.040 --> 0:04:41.120 factor on web based companies. For websites that generate revenue 0:04:41.160 --> 0:04:44.760 through ads and those that depend on search traffic, it 0:04:44.800 --> 0:04:47.839 can be devastating when Google makes a change. A site 0:04:47.880 --> 0:04:51.240 could be doing really well in search one quarter, and 0:04:51.279 --> 0:04:54.240 then its performance the following quarter might plummet because of 0:04:54.240 --> 0:04:57.839 a change in Google's algorithm, and that means that revenue 0:04:57.880 --> 0:05:01.920 will plummet as well. It's tough these days. Search isn't 0:05:01.960 --> 0:05:04.640 the only area that companies need to focus on. Social 0:05:04.680 --> 0:05:08.039 networks are another big source of web traffic, and so 0:05:08.160 --> 0:05:11.080 there are similar strategies meant to encourage people to visit 0:05:11.120 --> 0:05:15.400 sites through links on platforms like Twitter, and Facebook. Moving 0:05:15.440 --> 0:05:19.839 on next, we have s m S or Short Message Service, 0:05:20.560 --> 0:05:23.560 which is kind of another way to say text messaging. 0:05:24.200 --> 0:05:28.160 SMS is on top of communication protocols that both determine 0:05:28.200 --> 0:05:32.839 how messages can transmit over telecommunications lines and also places 0:05:32.880 --> 0:05:36.839 some limits on those communications. For example, the SMS allows 0:05:36.839 --> 0:05:39.760 for transmission of messages of up to one hundred sixty 0:05:39.839 --> 0:05:43.160 characters per message. This is why Twitter had a one 0:05:43.240 --> 0:05:46.880 hundred forty character limit for a really long time. Twitter 0:05:47.000 --> 0:05:50.320 was built to work with SMS so that people could 0:05:50.360 --> 0:05:54.240 tweet or receive tweets via text on their phones, and 0:05:54.360 --> 0:05:56.520 you know, twenty characters were says aside for stuff like 0:05:56.760 --> 0:06:02.880 user handles. A variant of SMS, MMS or Multimedia Messaging Service, 0:06:03.160 --> 0:06:07.400 which can send audio, video, and images via cellular communication. 0:06:08.320 --> 0:06:13.520 All right, moving on s little oh big C SO 0:06:13.839 --> 0:06:15.720 s o C, and there are actually quite a few 0:06:15.720 --> 0:06:18.720 tech related topics that have the acronym s O C. 0:06:19.160 --> 0:06:22.719 If you're actually talking all caps, you might mean Security 0:06:22.800 --> 0:06:26.440 Operations center, which is a centralized department in charge of 0:06:26.480 --> 0:06:31.719 dealing with computer security, typically within a company or other organization. Uh, 0:06:31.920 --> 0:06:34.880 you could mean BIGES, little oh big C and talk 0:06:34.920 --> 0:06:38.320 about separation of concerns. That refers to an approach in 0:06:38.400 --> 0:06:42.280 computer programming, but I actually wanted to look at a 0:06:42.320 --> 0:06:46.279 different version of s OC, that being system on a chip. 0:06:47.040 --> 0:06:49.719 This is a type of integrated circuit that includes all 0:06:49.760 --> 0:06:53.520 the basic components of a computer all on a single chip. 0:06:54.000 --> 0:06:58.120 So that would include a processor, computer memory, some form 0:06:58.200 --> 0:07:02.040 of storage, and in put in output ports. So as 0:07:02.080 --> 0:07:05.680 the name suggests, it's a full computer system all located 0:07:05.760 --> 0:07:09.000 on a single chip. This is all about manaturization and 0:07:09.040 --> 0:07:11.800 building out mobile devices that have lots of features in them, 0:07:12.200 --> 0:07:15.040 so they tend to be pretty power efficient as well. 0:07:15.440 --> 0:07:18.600 And you can find s OC and stuff like smartphones 0:07:18.760 --> 0:07:21.840 or car systems or Internet of Things devices. And that's 0:07:21.880 --> 0:07:25.160 just a start. There are also lots of research facilities 0:07:25.200 --> 0:07:29.720 that use system on a chip design for various scientific projects. 0:07:29.800 --> 0:07:32.600 And they can even be used in laptops and small 0:07:32.680 --> 0:07:36.600 PCs because they can be powerful and really efficient when 0:07:36.680 --> 0:07:39.440 it comes to how much power they consume, how much 0:07:39.440 --> 0:07:43.280 electricity they need to operate. Okay, burning through it, let's 0:07:43.280 --> 0:07:46.880 get to the next one. S q L. This stands 0:07:46.920 --> 0:07:51.800 for structured query language. This language relates to databases and 0:07:51.880 --> 0:07:54.320 think of all the stuff you might do with a database, 0:07:54.440 --> 0:07:57.360 such as you might want to update records in the database, 0:07:57.440 --> 0:07:59.240 you might want to search a database, you might want 0:07:59.240 --> 0:08:03.400 to pull U S Pacific record. All of those basic things. Well, 0:08:03.760 --> 0:08:07.520 s q L is useful when you're dealing with structured data. 0:08:08.000 --> 0:08:11.080 Some engineers at IBM originally developed s q L in 0:08:11.120 --> 0:08:14.480 the nineteen seventies. Back then it was actually called Sequel. 0:08:14.760 --> 0:08:17.880 Some people will still refer to s q L as Sequel, 0:08:18.560 --> 0:08:21.000 but the company that really took the ball and ran 0:08:21.120 --> 0:08:25.080 with it was Oracle, which built an entire industry around 0:08:25.200 --> 0:08:28.920 database construction and management. So if you ever see s 0:08:29.000 --> 0:08:31.440 q L, that's what it's in reference to. It's this 0:08:32.000 --> 0:08:37.080 language that tends to be used regarding databases. Next, we 0:08:37.120 --> 0:08:41.120 have S s D solid state drive. Now, in a 0:08:41.120 --> 0:08:43.840 previous episode in this series, we talked about h d 0:08:43.960 --> 0:08:47.080 d s, or hard disk drives, and how those storage 0:08:47.120 --> 0:08:51.320 devices use physical platters to store data magnetically. A solid 0:08:51.360 --> 0:08:55.320 state drive is a different type of data storage system. 0:08:55.480 --> 0:08:59.400 Rather than using spinning platters and magnetic storage, s s 0:08:59.480 --> 0:09:02.880 D s use an integrated circuit to store data. The 0:09:02.920 --> 0:09:06.559 most common method is to use what is called flash memory. 0:09:06.600 --> 0:09:09.880 This is a non volatile form of computer storage and 0:09:10.000 --> 0:09:13.480 just as a reminder. That means that the information stored 0:09:13.520 --> 0:09:17.400 in this kind of format will remain intact even if 0:09:17.480 --> 0:09:21.160 the computer were to lose power. You can erase and 0:09:21.280 --> 0:09:24.480 right over stuff that's stored in flash memory, so it's 0:09:24.480 --> 0:09:27.760 not like it's set in stone, but otherwise information will 0:09:27.800 --> 0:09:32.120 remain persistent within flash memory. S s d s have 0:09:32.440 --> 0:09:35.959 several advantages over h d ds. For one thing, they 0:09:35.960 --> 0:09:39.679 have no moving parts and so they are silent, and 0:09:39.920 --> 0:09:43.400 HDD requires a motor to spin the platters, and depending 0:09:43.440 --> 0:09:46.760 on the make of the hard disk drive, it can 0:09:46.840 --> 0:09:49.360 sometimes be kind allowed when it starts to spin up 0:09:49.360 --> 0:09:52.560 to speed. Uh They s s d s are are 0:09:52.640 --> 0:09:55.800 more resistant to physical damage as well. If you were 0:09:55.840 --> 0:09:58.280 to drop a hard disk drive, you would run the 0:09:58.360 --> 0:10:01.640 risk of knocking the platters out of alignment or breaking 0:10:01.720 --> 0:10:04.920 some mechanical component. But ss d s are a bit 0:10:04.960 --> 0:10:08.800 more shock resistant than that. They are not damage proof. 0:10:09.000 --> 0:10:13.040 I don't mean to suggest that they're like Superman and invulnerable. 0:10:13.720 --> 0:10:16.880 S s d s are also typically much smaller, I 0:10:16.920 --> 0:10:20.520 mean physically smaller than hard disk drives. That's also a 0:10:20.559 --> 0:10:23.400 big advantage. It means you can make smaller form factors 0:10:23.400 --> 0:10:27.040 for computers, as well as making lighter computers as well. 0:10:27.520 --> 0:10:29.600 This gets to be pretty important when you're working with 0:10:29.640 --> 0:10:33.320 stuff like laptops and portable computers and smartphones and that 0:10:33.400 --> 0:10:37.040 kind of thing. Computers can pull information from ss d 0:10:37.200 --> 0:10:40.800 s much more quickly than they can from HDDs. For 0:10:40.840 --> 0:10:44.200 that reason, solid state drives are the preferred long term 0:10:44.240 --> 0:10:47.640 storage solution for people who need to run very low 0:10:47.720 --> 0:10:53.000 latency applications. That includes gamers. A good solid state drive 0:10:53.080 --> 0:10:55.520 means that you have little to know load times when 0:10:55.559 --> 0:10:58.920 you're initiating a program. So let's say you're playing a 0:10:58.960 --> 0:11:03.760 really you know, resource intensive game. Let's say it's something 0:11:03.800 --> 0:11:08.200 like a big open world game like an Assassin's Creed game. Well, 0:11:08.200 --> 0:11:10.559 with a solid state drive, you might be able to 0:11:10.679 --> 0:11:14.400 run all over the world map in that game and 0:11:14.480 --> 0:11:17.640 never encounter a loading screen. That's a pretty big deal 0:11:17.800 --> 0:11:22.160 for gamers. Generally speaking, solid state drives are much more 0:11:22.160 --> 0:11:24.720 expensive than hard disk drives if you're looking at it 0:11:24.800 --> 0:11:28.719 on a per gigabyte basis. Also, it's easier and far 0:11:28.840 --> 0:11:33.120 less expensive to find really high capacity hard disk drives 0:11:33.400 --> 0:11:36.680 compared to solid state drives. When you start looking at 0:11:36.679 --> 0:11:40.640 the multi terrabyte range of storage, hard disk drives are 0:11:40.720 --> 0:11:45.840 significantly less expensive than solid state drives, so it's not 0:11:45.960 --> 0:11:48.800 as easy as saying that solid state drives are outright 0:11:48.920 --> 0:11:51.720 better than hard disk drives. It actually depends on what 0:11:51.840 --> 0:11:55.040 you want to use storage for and how much you 0:11:55.200 --> 0:11:57.800 have to spend on it, like how much money you've got. 0:11:58.320 --> 0:12:01.400 For gamers, solid state drive might be important for holding 0:12:01.520 --> 0:12:05.000 whatever games are in current rotation of play, and then 0:12:05.040 --> 0:12:08.000 you might want to supplemental hard disk drive that's standing 0:12:08.040 --> 0:12:11.199 by that holds onto other titles that aren't in your 0:12:11.200 --> 0:12:16.080 current player rotation. That's just an example. Moving on S 0:12:16.080 --> 0:12:20.000 s i D. This stands for Service set identify Er. 0:12:21.000 --> 0:12:23.000 This is more or less a fancy way of saying 0:12:23.160 --> 0:12:26.880 network name. They can be up to thirty two characters long. 0:12:27.120 --> 0:12:31.040 There's no minimum length, though, and routers typically come with 0:12:31.120 --> 0:12:34.240 a default S s I D, usually something that relates 0:12:34.240 --> 0:12:38.200 to whatever company manufactured that router, followed by some letters 0:12:38.280 --> 0:12:42.360 or numbers or both. Generally speaking, it's usually a good 0:12:42.400 --> 0:12:45.600 idea to go into the settings of your router. You 0:12:45.600 --> 0:12:48.080 can usually find some pretty easy instructions on how to 0:12:48.160 --> 0:12:52.839 log into your local router. It's not typically very hard, 0:12:53.000 --> 0:12:56.200 and then you change the default name of your network 0:12:56.480 --> 0:12:59.840 to something else. You can also pretty much name it 0:13:00.000 --> 0:13:03.000 anything you like within those thirty two characters. So, for example, 0:13:03.480 --> 0:13:06.280 I can use my phone to serve as a WiFi hotspot, 0:13:06.679 --> 0:13:10.720 which I do occasionally whenever I can't access reliable WiFi, 0:13:11.240 --> 0:13:13.559 but you know I do happen to have a strong 0:13:13.600 --> 0:13:16.240 cell signal. I can use it as as sort of 0:13:16.240 --> 0:13:20.280 like a WiFi modem. My phone's hot spot name is 0:13:20.520 --> 0:13:25.200 totally trustworthy WiFi because I think that's funny, and because 0:13:25.200 --> 0:13:27.000 it's the sort of name that would give other folks 0:13:27.080 --> 0:13:29.400 just a bit of a pause before they would try 0:13:29.400 --> 0:13:31.920 to connect to it, because like, but if it's totally 0:13:32.000 --> 0:13:36.439 not trustworthy, I also protect it with a pretty strong password, 0:13:36.480 --> 0:13:38.760 so actually connecting to that network is kind of tough. 0:13:39.360 --> 0:13:41.559 But the reason you want to go in and change 0:13:41.600 --> 0:13:44.679 the default name and password is because some companies use 0:13:44.679 --> 0:13:48.520 a blanket default password, like using admin as a log 0:13:48.559 --> 0:13:50.920 in and the word password as password, and that could 0:13:50.920 --> 0:13:53.520 mean that someone else might get access to your network 0:13:53.600 --> 0:13:56.959 and cause all sorts of mischief, from attempting to snoop 0:13:57.000 --> 0:13:59.840 on what you're doing, to using your network as part 0:13:59.840 --> 0:14:03.400 of like a bottan net attack on a target Typically, 0:14:03.679 --> 0:14:06.840 routers have a sticker somewhere on them that lists the 0:14:06.840 --> 0:14:09.920 default S s I D, though obviously if you go 0:14:10.040 --> 0:14:13.200 through in settings and you change this, then that default 0:14:13.280 --> 0:14:16.120 is no longer going to apply. You can use settings 0:14:16.120 --> 0:14:18.360 on your computer or smartphone to look at S s 0:14:18.400 --> 0:14:20.920 i D s within range. So if you were to 0:14:20.920 --> 0:14:23.760 come into possession of a router and you discovered it 0:14:23.800 --> 0:14:26.040 along the way that someone had changed the S s 0:14:26.080 --> 0:14:28.880 i D, you could scan the available networks and look 0:14:28.960 --> 0:14:31.520 to see if you could find the strongest signals and 0:14:31.640 --> 0:14:35.040 try to identify which one is your actual router. Of course, 0:14:35.080 --> 0:14:38.200 if someone also changed the default password, you might be 0:14:38.280 --> 0:14:41.720 kind of stuck. Though. Many of these machines also have 0:14:41.880 --> 0:14:44.560 a reset button so that you can reset it to 0:14:44.960 --> 0:14:49.720 the UH the manufacturer default settings and get into it. 0:14:49.800 --> 0:14:52.760 That way. You can also change settings on your router 0:14:52.920 --> 0:14:55.320 so that it won't broadcast the S s i D 0:14:55.320 --> 0:14:58.800 to nearby devices. That means that in this case, when 0:14:58.800 --> 0:15:02.200 people search for networks, they won't see yours as they're 0:15:02.240 --> 0:15:04.920 scanning the S s i D s. You can only 0:15:05.000 --> 0:15:08.720 connect to such a network if you already know the 0:15:09.000 --> 0:15:12.200 S s I D and you specifically direct your device 0:15:12.240 --> 0:15:16.200 to connect with it. That requires manually changing wireless settings 0:15:16.200 --> 0:15:19.120 on your device. Now, this sounds like it's a pretty 0:15:19.120 --> 0:15:21.360 powerful way to protect yourself, but really it's more of 0:15:21.400 --> 0:15:24.440 a surface level protection. Hiding your S S I D 0:15:24.600 --> 0:15:28.160 might save you from the nubiast of nubes when it 0:15:28.200 --> 0:15:30.920 comes to you know, bad actors, but folks who know 0:15:30.960 --> 0:15:33.920 what they're doing can still track network traffic with the 0:15:34.000 --> 0:15:37.280 right know how and the right tools. Maybe I'll reach 0:15:37.320 --> 0:15:40.120 out to friend of the show, Shannon Morris to guests 0:15:40.120 --> 0:15:42.080 on an episode to talk about the steps you can 0:15:42.120 --> 0:15:44.800 take to best secure your home network. I think that 0:15:44.840 --> 0:15:49.000 would be a valuable conversation to have. Okay, we've got 0:15:49.040 --> 0:15:51.720 some acronyms and initialisms, but we're starting to head into 0:15:51.720 --> 0:15:55.240 the home stretch. We're first going to take a quick break. 0:16:03.000 --> 0:16:06.480 We're back and we're starting with S s L and 0:16:06.520 --> 0:16:10.320 I reference this a little bit with HTTPS. SSL stands 0:16:10.360 --> 0:16:14.600 for Secure Socket Layer. Uh, this is actually an outdated term. 0:16:14.680 --> 0:16:17.680 The more current version is the t l S or 0:16:17.760 --> 0:16:21.960 transport layer security. But in either case, the purpose is 0:16:22.040 --> 0:16:27.040 to authenticate and encrypt communication links between networked computers. So 0:16:27.080 --> 0:16:31.360 these are protocols that allow for secure and secret communications. Now, 0:16:31.360 --> 0:16:34.800 when I say secret communications, I don't mean that the 0:16:34.840 --> 0:16:39.000 fact that communication is happening is a secret. S s 0:16:39.160 --> 0:16:42.160 L and t l s do not hide the fact 0:16:42.200 --> 0:16:47.040 that communication is happening between computers. Instead, they encrypt and 0:16:47.200 --> 0:16:50.800 obvious skate the nature of that communication. So it's kind 0:16:50.840 --> 0:16:54.000 of like seeing two of your friends whispering to each other. 0:16:54.600 --> 0:16:56.680 You know, you know they're up to no good, but 0:16:56.760 --> 0:17:00.280 you don't know what they're specifically plotting. You might even 0:17:00.320 --> 0:17:03.200 suspect that they're whispering about you, but you can't be 0:17:03.280 --> 0:17:05.959 certain because you're not able to hear what they're saying. 0:17:06.400 --> 0:17:09.600 So what I'm saying is, I know you're up to something, 0:17:09.880 --> 0:17:13.320 Lena and Shay, and I don't approve, not one bit. 0:17:14.119 --> 0:17:17.720 Knock it off. All right, all right, that got a 0:17:17.720 --> 0:17:21.399 little personal. Let's let's get back on track. S s 0:17:21.680 --> 0:17:25.280 L and t l s work by binding websites with 0:17:25.320 --> 0:17:29.200 a digital document called an x dot five oh nine certificate, 0:17:29.600 --> 0:17:33.880 which assigns pairs of keys to those websites. One key 0:17:34.040 --> 0:17:36.000 is a public key. This is the key that the 0:17:36.000 --> 0:17:39.639 website can share with the world. Anyone communicating with this 0:17:39.680 --> 0:17:43.760 website through a browser does so using the public key, 0:17:43.800 --> 0:17:47.080 which encrypts the messages that are sent to that website. 0:17:47.480 --> 0:17:51.000 The only way to decrypt those messages to change it 0:17:51.040 --> 0:17:55.480 back into meaningful information is to use the private key. 0:17:55.520 --> 0:17:58.600 The website retains the private key for itself, it does 0:17:58.680 --> 0:18:02.640 not share the private key. This way, all communications sent 0:18:02.680 --> 0:18:06.080 to the website can only be decoded by the website alone, 0:18:06.600 --> 0:18:09.320 unless some other entity were just about gain possession of 0:18:09.359 --> 0:18:12.200 the private key or use a method like brute force 0:18:12.280 --> 0:18:15.200 to try and replicate the private key. That brute force 0:18:15.320 --> 0:18:18.800 thing is possible, depending upon the nature of the key. However, 0:18:18.840 --> 0:18:22.600 it might be so difficult as to be practically impossible. 0:18:22.640 --> 0:18:25.879 So in other words, yeah, you could, in theory be 0:18:26.000 --> 0:18:27.720 able to do it, but it might take such a 0:18:27.760 --> 0:18:31.400 long time to accomplish that you would be long dead 0:18:31.440 --> 0:18:34.320 by the time of your computer finally managed it. In 0:18:34.359 --> 0:18:39.040 addition to encrypting information, the website can digitally signed documents 0:18:39.080 --> 0:18:42.480 that anyone with the public key can verify as being authentic. 0:18:43.040 --> 0:18:47.040 So ss L and t l s help ensure that 0:18:47.119 --> 0:18:51.400 private information like say a credit card number, remains secure 0:18:51.640 --> 0:18:55.680 and that the entity you're sharing that information with is authenticated, 0:18:55.760 --> 0:18:59.399 so you know for sure with whom you're sharing that information. 0:19:00.040 --> 0:19:03.520 It's why it's important to look for that HTTPS or 0:19:03.600 --> 0:19:07.680 that closed padlock symbol in your browser whenever you're interacting 0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:11.520 with a site and sharing sensitive information. Next up, we 0:19:11.560 --> 0:19:15.879 have TCP i P. Now collectively, these make up the 0:19:15.960 --> 0:19:21.000 Internet Protocol Suite. Individually, these refer to the Transmission Control 0:19:21.080 --> 0:19:24.800 Protocol or TCP and the Internet Protocol or i P, 0:19:25.280 --> 0:19:27.960 and we nearly always referred to both of them together, 0:19:28.240 --> 0:19:31.760 as they represent the set of communication protocols that allow 0:19:31.840 --> 0:19:35.159 computers to connect together in a network and you know, 0:19:35.920 --> 0:19:40.560 actually do stuff. These days, it seems natural that various 0:19:40.600 --> 0:19:43.720 computational devices should be able to link up with each 0:19:43.720 --> 0:19:47.280 other and communicate. It's been that way for decades now. 0:19:47.560 --> 0:19:51.080 But once upon a time this wasn't true. Computers were 0:19:51.240 --> 0:19:55.720 self contained silos. They served important purposes, but they did 0:19:55.760 --> 0:20:00.520 so in isolation. Different computers made from different men factors 0:20:00.600 --> 0:20:05.159 had proprietary means of operation, meaning there was no common language, 0:20:05.320 --> 0:20:08.360 if you will, So even if you could connect two 0:20:08.440 --> 0:20:12.480 different computers together, they wouldn't necessarily be able to interoperate. 0:20:12.880 --> 0:20:14.679 It would be kind of like putting me on the 0:20:14.680 --> 0:20:18.080 phone with someone who could only speak and understand Mandarin. 0:20:18.600 --> 0:20:20.800 That person and I would be unable to make any 0:20:20.840 --> 0:20:25.440 sort of meaningful conversation. In the nineteen sixties, the Department 0:20:25.440 --> 0:20:29.920 of Defenses Advanced Research Project Agency, then called ARPA these 0:20:30.000 --> 0:20:33.199 days we know it as DARPA set out to create 0:20:33.240 --> 0:20:37.040 the means for computers to connect with one another in networks. 0:20:37.440 --> 0:20:40.639 This would be the underlying foundation for modern computer networks 0:20:40.640 --> 0:20:44.000 in general and the Internet a k a. The Network 0:20:44.200 --> 0:20:48.880 of networks in particular. Vitten Surf and Robert Klein, who 0:20:48.920 --> 0:20:51.920 both joined the project in the early nineteen seventies, would 0:20:51.920 --> 0:20:55.040 pioneer the work on the basic set of protocols that 0:20:55.040 --> 0:20:58.880 would allow for the network to communications between computers. Now, 0:20:58.920 --> 0:21:00.560 to get them to the nuts and bolts of t 0:21:00.720 --> 0:21:04.200 C P I P would require a full episode, or 0:21:04.240 --> 0:21:07.320 probably more than one, so we're gonna save that for later. 0:21:07.640 --> 0:21:10.200 It's good to know that they represent the basic set 0:21:10.240 --> 0:21:13.800 of rules for computer networking. It's the set of instructions 0:21:13.840 --> 0:21:19.320 that determine how communication between machines happens. Next up, we've 0:21:19.359 --> 0:21:22.760 got UPS, and we are not talking about the delivery 0:21:22.840 --> 0:21:27.880 service here. Instead, we're talking about uninterruptable power supplies. That's 0:21:27.920 --> 0:21:30.840 what UPS stands for in this context, and as the 0:21:30.920 --> 0:21:34.680 name implies, these are technologies that supply power to other 0:21:34.800 --> 0:21:38.960 things even should a normal power source fail. So allow 0:21:39.000 --> 0:21:42.040 me to paint a scenario, as the quister would say, 0:21:42.720 --> 0:21:46.840 this is one that I have maybe personally experienced, possibly 0:21:47.160 --> 0:21:50.359 on numerous occasions. So let us say that you have 0:21:50.480 --> 0:21:54.800 an intrepid writer for a website, and this writer is 0:21:54.880 --> 0:21:58.440 plugging away at an article plug plug plug. And let 0:21:58.520 --> 0:22:03.360 us say that this optimist, naive young writer last saved 0:22:03.440 --> 0:22:06.359 the document that they happened to be working on quite 0:22:06.480 --> 0:22:10.320 some time ago. Maybe they've written a couple of pages 0:22:10.359 --> 0:22:13.200 worth of work since the last time they saved the document. 0:22:13.640 --> 0:22:17.800 And let us say that an inopportune moment, the power 0:22:17.840 --> 0:22:22.320 goes out inside the office building where this brash, handsome 0:22:22.400 --> 0:22:26.520 young writer is working, and because the writer is working 0:22:26.600 --> 0:22:31.520 on a desktop computer without a battery backup, that machine 0:22:31.560 --> 0:22:34.400 crashes and all the work that was created since that 0:22:34.520 --> 0:22:39.480 last save disappears into the ether. And then our unnamed 0:22:39.480 --> 0:22:45.000 but presumably dashingly handsome writer as all get out laments 0:22:45.080 --> 0:22:47.640 the fact that they will now have to start over 0:22:47.800 --> 0:22:50.760 back at their last save point and recreate all the 0:22:50.800 --> 0:22:53.280 work that they had done in order to write about 0:22:53.320 --> 0:22:58.720 how goose neck trailer hitches work. Mm hmm, Yeah, that 0:22:58.800 --> 0:23:02.560 happened to me, and I could have been spared a 0:23:02.560 --> 0:23:05.800 great deal of frustration if I had had my desktop 0:23:05.880 --> 0:23:11.280 computer plugged into an uninterruptable power supply. So these devices 0:23:11.320 --> 0:23:14.520 typically plug into a power source like a wall outlet, 0:23:14.920 --> 0:23:18.320 and then you plug other devices into the UPS itself, 0:23:18.320 --> 0:23:20.919 so the UPS plugs into the wall. You plug your 0:23:20.920 --> 0:23:24.480 stuff into the UPS kind of like a power strip right. 0:23:25.400 --> 0:23:29.040 In fact, some UPS devices look a lot like power strips, 0:23:29.600 --> 0:23:33.600 so it's not just a power strip. The UPS also 0:23:33.680 --> 0:23:38.160 contains a battery backup or some other means of storing electricity. 0:23:38.600 --> 0:23:41.240 You know, maybe it's a supercapacitor or something, but battery 0:23:41.280 --> 0:23:44.920 backup is pretty common. And if the normal power supply 0:23:45.280 --> 0:23:49.160 that is power coming from the wall outlet suffers an outage, 0:23:49.600 --> 0:23:53.399 the backup power supply, the battery or whatever comes on 0:23:53.560 --> 0:23:58.120 practically instantaneously, at least fast enough so that it prevents 0:23:58.160 --> 0:24:01.760 an interruption of power to you or devices. So any 0:24:01.760 --> 0:24:06.120 devices you have plugged into the UPS continue to receive power. Now, 0:24:06.160 --> 0:24:11.199 typically a UPS doesn't have a huge capacity for storing electricity, 0:24:11.240 --> 0:24:14.239 so this isn't meant for you to just keep on 0:24:14.320 --> 0:24:17.320 working away while the power is out. The battery life 0:24:17.359 --> 0:24:20.359 might only allow for a few minutes of continued operation, 0:24:20.800 --> 0:24:22.280 but that can be enough for you to be able 0:24:22.320 --> 0:24:25.040 to save your progress and then shut down your equipment 0:24:25.080 --> 0:24:29.080