WEBVTT - What is an IP address?

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<v Speaker 1>from how Stuff works dot com, where smart happens him

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<v Speaker 1>mercial brain With today's question, what is an IP address?

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<v Speaker 1>Every machine on the Internet has a unique identifying number

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<v Speaker 1>called an IP address. A typical IP address looks something

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<v Speaker 1>like this to sixteen dot seven dot sixty one dot

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<v Speaker 1>one thirty seven. It's made up of four numbers with

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<v Speaker 1>dots between them to make it easier for US humans

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<v Speaker 1>to remember. IP addresses their normally expressed in decimal format

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<v Speaker 1>as a dotted decimal number like this, but computers communicate

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<v Speaker 1>in binary form to a computer, and IP address is

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<v Speaker 1>just a thirty two bit binary number. To sixteen twenty

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<v Speaker 1>seven dot sixty one dot one thirty seven is a

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<v Speaker 1>representation of that thirty two bit binary form. The four

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<v Speaker 1>decimal numbers in an IP address are called octets because

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<v Speaker 1>they each have eight positions. When viewed in binary form,

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<v Speaker 1>if you add all the positions together, you get thirty two,

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<v Speaker 1>which is why I P addresses are considered to be

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<v Speaker 1>thirty two bit numbers. Since each of the eight positions

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<v Speaker 1>can have two different states, one or zero, the total

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<v Speaker 1>number of possible combinations per octet is two hundred fifty six,

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<v Speaker 1>so each octet can contain any value between zero and

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<v Speaker 1>two hundred fifty five. Combine the four octets and you

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<v Speaker 1>get about four billion unique values. Out of those four

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<v Speaker 1>billion possible combinations, certain values are restricted from use as

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<v Speaker 1>typical IP addresses. For example, the IP address zero dot

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<v Speaker 1>zero dot zero dot zero is reserved for the default network,

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<v Speaker 1>and the address to fifty five dot to dot to

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<v Speaker 1>dot to fifty five is used for broadcasts. The octets

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<v Speaker 1>serve a purpose other than simply separating the numbers. They're

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<v Speaker 1>also used to create classes of IP addresses that can

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<v Speaker 1>be assigned to a particular business, government, or other entity

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<v Speaker 1>based on size and need. The octets are split into

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<v Speaker 1>two sections, Net and host. The net section always contains

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<v Speaker 1>the first doctet. It's used to identify the network that

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<v Speaker 1>a computer belongs to. Host, sometimes referred to as node,

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<v Speaker 1>identifies the actual computer on the network. The host section

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<v Speaker 1>always contains the last doctet. When originally conceived, there was

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<v Speaker 1>no idea that the Internet would become so popular, But

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<v Speaker 1>today almost all of the four billion addresses are in use.

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<v Speaker 1>So there's a new standard called i p V six,

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<v Speaker 1>where IP addresses become a hundred and twenty eight bits long.

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<v Speaker 1>This number of bits should allow enough IP addresses so

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<v Speaker 1>that we never ever run out of them again. For

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