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Speaker 1: Hey, you welcome to stuff to blow your mind. My

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Speaker 1: name is Robert Lamb and I'm Joe McCormick. And it's Saturday.

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Speaker 1: Time to go into the Old Vault. And this episode

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Speaker 1: was called I Drink Your Blood Type. It was originally

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Speaker 1: published on October three, nineteen. I hope you're ready. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: exactly a year ago to the date. So let's drink

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Speaker 1: blood drinkers, night walkers, children of the night. Why hunt

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Speaker 1: for scraps in the shadows when you can feast in

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Speaker 1: style at New York City's hottest, trendiest vampire nightclown doors

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Speaker 1: open at midnight and we let in only the juiciest

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Speaker 1: mortal party goers who appease your diabolical, he asked me,

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Speaker 1: off of seductive lounges, blood bath dance floors, and people

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Speaker 1: dancing in cages. So many people dancing in cages who

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Speaker 1: don't even know how to give them out, They just

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Speaker 1: keep dancing. And unlike typical vampire nightclubs, we separate the

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Speaker 1: hood by blood type for your convenience. At Brooked, you

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Speaker 1: will feast in the certainty that all human partiers and

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Speaker 1: our medievalist to prove throwing room are type A B

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Speaker 1: and our foam dance party Room runs on Type O

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Speaker 1: negative exclusively guaranteeing chance floor look for us on Vampire

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Speaker 1: You Help and don't forget to leave a review. Welcome

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Speaker 1: to Stuff to Blow Your Mind. A production of I

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Speaker 1: Heart Radios has to works. Hey you welcome to Stuff

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Speaker 1: to Blow your Mind. My name is Robert Lamb and

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Speaker 1: I'm Joe McCormick. Hey, it's still October. That means we're partying.

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Speaker 1: That's right. It's Halloween, and Halloween means blood. It also

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Speaker 1: means vampires. As I think everyone probably got the idea

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Speaker 1: from from the title this episode and from the cold

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Speaker 1: open that we just inflicted upon you. You know, what

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Speaker 1: I was just wondering is whether in the month of

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Speaker 1: October people actually like in the industry, you can see

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Speaker 1: a spike in demand for caro syrup or general you know,

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Speaker 1: corn syrup products and and red food coloring, is the

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Speaker 1: demand for fake blood enough to make a dent in

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Speaker 1: an otherwise massive agricultural or industrial food product, Well, I

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Speaker 1: mean it depends. I mean a lot of people are

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Speaker 1: just going to buy a bottle of fake blood. They're

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Speaker 1: not going to bother to mix their own. I guess

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Speaker 1: that's you know, I bet mixing your own is cheaper though. Oh,

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Speaker 1: I'm sure it is. But not everybody has the skill

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Speaker 1: to create a you know, a good batch of Kensington Gore. Uh.

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Speaker 1: I remember when I was a kid, I was trying

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Speaker 1: to make fake blood and I did it by mixing

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Speaker 1: red food coloring with water, and that was how I

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Speaker 1: discovered that blood is thick. Yeah, I mean it. It's

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Speaker 1: far better just to shoot it all in black and

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Speaker 1: white and use chocolate syrup. But even that gets a little, little,

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Speaker 1: little pricy, I imagine. And also it's gonna, you know,

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Speaker 1: just attracted by of ants. But yeah, when you think Halloween,

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Speaker 1: you think monsters, you think vampires, and of course you

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Speaker 1: think blood. Now, blood hasn't really changed in the course

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Speaker 1: of human history, but our understanding of blood has. Blood

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Speaker 1: Letting used to be a lot more common, right, yeah. Uh,

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Speaker 1: And sometimes sometimes vampire tails change to reflect some of

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Speaker 1: the new ideas regarding blood. Oh yeah, Like, I'm sure

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Speaker 1: you can see vampire lore being affected by, say that

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Speaker 1: the four humors theory when that was in vogue, Like

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Speaker 1: the idea you could have a sanguine personality that might

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Speaker 1: be caused by an excess of blood. In the body.

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Speaker 1: I'm sure that that makes them specially juicy targets for

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Speaker 1: vampires or something that you're gonna mean, there's like there

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Speaker 1: are there are four different vampires for each of the humors, right,

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Speaker 1: oh right, so you get the black bile vampire and

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Speaker 1: the worst kind of vampire to be because it's so bitter.

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Speaker 1: So yeah, the ideas of what blood is make change.

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Speaker 1: But of course there's first of all, the simple notion

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Speaker 1: that blood is food. Various human cultures include the consumption

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Speaker 1: of animal blood in one worm or another in their cuisine.

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Speaker 1: Blood sausage is one example of that. Blood tofu and

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Speaker 1: in certain Chinese cuisines is another example. Never heard of

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Speaker 1: this blood tofu? Yeah, look aout made from blood? Blood? Okay? Uh?

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Speaker 1: And then there's the idea of blood is this is

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Speaker 1: a fluid that contains our vital life force. Right, this

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Speaker 1: is a classic of the vampire trope. Uh. And then

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Speaker 1: naturally we do need blood to survive. But traditions have

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Speaker 1: you know, tend to go above and beyond biological fact

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Speaker 1: and stressing this. Oh yeah, the blood takes on a

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Speaker 1: kind of magical essence. It's the you know, the ecore

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Speaker 1: of the human Uh, there is. I think you can

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Speaker 1: see this often when there is emphasis on monsters and

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Speaker 1: other creatures having differently colored blood than humans do. Like

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Speaker 1: their blood isn't red, it's green, and that shows that

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Speaker 1: there's some different there's some kind of different essence to them.

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Speaker 1: And then there's also all kinds of beliefs about Um.

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Speaker 1: You know that your affinity for your family is based

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Speaker 1: on the metaphor that you air blood, which is funny

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Speaker 1: because you might not necessarily share physical characteristics of blood.

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Speaker 1: You might not have the same blood type as either

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Speaker 1: one of your parents, But there's this idea that you're

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Speaker 1: bound by blood and that I think that takes on

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Speaker 1: a more kind of a magical kind of quality in

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Speaker 1: people's minds. Yeah, this idea that there's this blood line

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Speaker 1: flowing through the centuries. Um, I do have to say

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Speaker 1: I love a creative blood color, and in a monster

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Speaker 1: or so certainly in like a Star Trek alien type

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Speaker 1: of scenario, if there's only so many colors, like what

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Speaker 1: you mean, like purple blood or what? Oh yeah, wasn't

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Speaker 1: it Star Trek The Undiscovered Country where the Klingon's head

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Speaker 1: head pink blood like looks like pepto bismal. Oh. I

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Speaker 1: always chalks that up too bad early c G I,

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Speaker 1: because they're in their blood c G I, and that

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Speaker 1: movie is like really early c G I floating around

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Speaker 1: in the zero G environment after the as it is

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Speaker 1: really impressive. Well, it looks terrible now, but that movie

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Speaker 1: still holds up. Is one of the better of the

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Speaker 1: Star Trek movies. Now in modern times will often encounter

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Speaker 1: vampire stories that invoke blood banks and and uh and

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Speaker 1: blood drives sometimes uh and sometimes you'll even see recognition

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Speaker 1: of blood types. And generally this amounts to which blood

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Speaker 1: of vampire finds most tasty interesting. I don't think I'm

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Speaker 1: very familiar with it. Well, I am familiar with, of course,

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Speaker 1: blood banks and blood drives, because I remember when I

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Speaker 1: was a kid and my family would go to the

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Speaker 1: beach and we get Sci Fi channel on the TV

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Speaker 1: and watch that show Forever Night, which is about a

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Speaker 1: good guy vampire who is also a cop, and he

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Speaker 1: keeps a refrigerator full of like blood bank type style

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Speaker 1: blood bags. I guess he drinks those in order to

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Speaker 1: not have to kill people because he's good. Oh Man,

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Speaker 1: Forever Night. I never watched Forever Night, but it's one

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Speaker 1: of those Canadian series where a lot of times I'll

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Speaker 1: watch another Canadian series and I'll look it up and

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Speaker 1: it's like, oh, this person is from Forever Night. Forever

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Speaker 1: Night is the like the beating heart at the center

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Speaker 1: of Canadian drama from that period of time. Yeah, I

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Speaker 1: mean I never saw that much of it, but in

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Speaker 1: the episodes I saw, because he's a good guy, he

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Speaker 1: doesn't drink from next he drinks from bags. There's um

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Speaker 1: there's a Tales from the Crypto episode that called the

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Speaker 1: Reluctant Vampire that started Malcolm mcdowe as as the titular

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Speaker 1: Reluctant Vampire and also had just an all star cast.

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Speaker 1: Of course, like all those episodes, just an embarrassment of

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Speaker 1: riches generally squandered on some sort of in a sappy,

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Speaker 1: bad taste kind of plot. But this this episode is

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Speaker 1: pretty good. But in that one, he's depending on a

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Speaker 1: blood bank as well. But then occasionally like meeting real

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Speaker 1: live hosts to prey upon, and he ends up asking

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Speaker 1: them a lot of questions about, you know, if they

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Speaker 1: had dental surgery recently, that sort of thing, But but

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Speaker 1: he he never asked them about their actual blood type,

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Speaker 1: dental surgery, wait, like he fears the amalgam in their

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Speaker 1: teeth or something like, we might have silver and if

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Speaker 1: he just needs to have a good pa you know,

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Speaker 1: biomedical history before he uses them as his prey. Fair enough, now,

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Speaker 1: of course, the the HBO series True Blood features vampires

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Speaker 1: that have a clear preference when it comes to blood type,

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Speaker 1: and they use the synthetic blood product that's labeled and

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Speaker 1: bottled called True Blood, which is in the show available

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Speaker 1: in in different types. So you can get your oh

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Speaker 1: negative true blood bottle you if you prefer a B,

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Speaker 1: they have a B as well. Oh so all the

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Speaker 1: I haven't seen True Blood, but all these vampires are

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Speaker 1: of the forever Night type where they don't drink from people.

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Speaker 1: They drink from bags they're supposed to because it's basically

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Speaker 1: like vampires are out amongst us, uh, and we're living

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Speaker 1: alongside each other. They have kind of their separate government.

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Speaker 1: We have ours, and there's like a treaty that says

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Speaker 1: they're only going to drink their synthetic blood products or

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Speaker 1: you know, consenting adult humans that wish to have their

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Speaker 1: blood drained that sort of thing. Okay, it's kind of

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Speaker 1: a mixed bag, but it it also has a wonderful cast,

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Speaker 1: and Dennis o Hair in particular was a real standout

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Speaker 1: playing this character the who was the King of Mississippi.

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Speaker 1: Stephen Root also ow it up at one point and

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Speaker 1: it was great. Stephen Roots wonderful. Yeah. Um, There's another

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Speaker 1: movie at this time that I ran across that was

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Speaker 1: interesting that invokes blood types. N nine's The Return of

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Speaker 1: Doctor X. Seen this no, I. I was not even

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Speaker 1: familiar with this at all because it stars Humphrey Bogart

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Speaker 1: as an evil doctor. Hey, okay, yeah, who's been brought

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Speaker 1: back to life? Because this is a sequel? Uh in

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Speaker 1: this in this movie has brought back to life with

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Speaker 1: synthetic blood and he has to find type of victims

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Speaker 1: and drain their blood and use it in order to

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Speaker 1: stay alive because his synthetic blood cannot replenish itself. This

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Speaker 1: was a few years before The Maltese Falcon and Casablanca.

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Speaker 1: In case anyone's wondering, you know, I like I really

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Speaker 1: like Humphrey Bogart as a villain type character, or at

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Speaker 1: least as a very dark and troubled character as opposed

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Speaker 1: to I don't know. You might say that he has

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Speaker 1: shades of villainousness in his detective stories and in Casablanca,

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Speaker 1: but in movies like A Lonely Place, or he plays

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Speaker 1: this like scary, abusive creep or in Treasure the Serrah Mare.

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Speaker 1: I guess you could say also, I think Bogart actually

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Speaker 1: makes a great villain, and I wish you'd seen him

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Speaker 1: as a villain more often. So I want to see this. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: And now, of course Dr X is no typical vampire. Generally,

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Speaker 1: the you know, the models very much parasitic in nature.

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Speaker 1: Perhaps a vampire can taste the difference amid blood types

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Speaker 1: in the same manner that a wine connoisseur can taste

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Speaker 1: things in the wine that others can't, or at least,

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Speaker 1: you know, claims to have that ability. You've got some

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Speaker 1: skepticism about the smell, YEA. I want to come back

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Speaker 1: to it at some point, because I feel like there

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Speaker 1: was an old episode of the show where we we

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Speaker 1: looked at one of these studies that was a real um.

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Speaker 1: I mean, I don't even know that what extended was

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Speaker 1: a true study, was just kind of a guy who

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Speaker 1: got you exercise with wine experts, like tricking them into

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Speaker 1: saying one wine was another, and and and so forth.

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Speaker 1: But I think there's I'd like to to give the

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Speaker 1: topic due diligence sometime and really get into like, because

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Speaker 1: sometimes the you know, the idea of priming and you know,

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Speaker 1: bringing in some sort of prior knowledge to your experience

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Speaker 1: of the wine. Uh. You see people talk about that

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Speaker 1: is if that's a you know, a negative you know,

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Speaker 1: But I mean that's part of the appreciation of any

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Speaker 1: kind of food product or certainly a wine is knowing

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Speaker 1: where it came from and making connections. And if some

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Speaker 1: of the connections or maybe partially imagined or exaggerated based

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Speaker 1: on your prior knowledge, I don't think that's necessarily a

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Speaker 1: bad thing at all. Have you been to any of

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Speaker 1: these places that do wine style tasting notes but for oysters, Um, yes,

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Speaker 1: I have. I'm all in on that. When I have

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Speaker 1: the oyster, I'm like, yes, I take yes, that's right,

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Speaker 1: salted melon, yeah. I mean the cases like that, they're

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Speaker 1: providing me with the specific terminology and descriptive language that

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Speaker 1: I don't have, uh, you know, regarding oysters or or

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Speaker 1: certainly wine or what have you, and it gives and

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Speaker 1: then I can I can look for those things in

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Speaker 1: my my taste sensation that I'm experiencing right now. Once

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Speaker 1: they give you the words for it, you can kind

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Speaker 1: of find it in the sensation void with with most

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Speaker 1: cases of fictional vampires, though, yeah, they're I think we

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Speaker 1: can we can assume that maybe they could taste some

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Speaker 1: sort of difference in the blood type. You know, they're

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Speaker 1: essentially parasitic. They're they're digesting the blood now. And since

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Speaker 1: they're digesting the blood, you know it's not going to matter,

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Speaker 1: um you know what kind of what type of blood

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Speaker 1: it is, because their digestive system is going to break

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Speaker 1: down all those troublesome proteins. But then again, I don't

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Speaker 1: think I've ever seen outside of doctor X here, I

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Speaker 1: don't think I've encountered a vampire or vampire like creation

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Speaker 1: that can only use one particular blood type. Well, if

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Speaker 1: you imagine vampire physiology a little bit different, Like you're

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Speaker 1: saying that they just use a normal style digestive system,

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Speaker 1: break it down for the nutrition in it. What if

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Speaker 1: it's that the vampire drinks blood in order to have blood,

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Speaker 1: So like when the vampire drinks blood, they're essentially getting

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Speaker 1: a blood transfusion. In that case, maybe the vampire would

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Speaker 1: need in fact, to have a compatibility test for the

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Speaker 1: right kind of blood because drinking the wrong kind of

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Speaker 1: blood could give them an immune response. Yeah, that would

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Speaker 1: I think it can make sense because it also would

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Speaker 1: would line up with some of these descriptions from folklore

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Speaker 1: where they would dig up the body of the vampire

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Speaker 1: and it would be just just just thick and bloated

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Speaker 1: with blood, like every you know, all its entire all

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Speaker 1: of its flesh is just just completely ballooned up with

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Speaker 1: the stuff. You know, you're saying that's the swelling of

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Speaker 1: the allergic reaction. Yeah, maybe, so maybe that's the that's

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Speaker 1: the explanation. Well, maybe we should get into how blood

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Speaker 1: types actually work, because I realized not too long ago

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Speaker 1: that this is something I should know, and I actually didn't,

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Speaker 1: so I had to go and read up about it. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: it's it's easy to go through life without knowing the

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Speaker 1: explanation for it and just and hopefully just knowing what

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Speaker 1: your blood type is, but not necessarily what that means. Right, Well,

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Speaker 1: should we take a break first and then come back

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Speaker 1: and talk about the blood type basics. Let's do it, alright,

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Speaker 1: We're back al right, So, if you know your blood

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Speaker 1: type or if you've seen blood types listed before, you

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Speaker 1: generally will have seen a letter followed by a plus

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Speaker 1: or minus sign, and that letter is probably gonna be

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Speaker 1: A or B or A B or O, but is

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Speaker 1: so okay? You know there are at least several different

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Speaker 1: types of blood, but you might not know what they do.

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Speaker 1: In fact, there are actually many different blood type families.

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Speaker 1: I think the known number of human blood group systems

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Speaker 1: is now somewhere in the forties, So there are tons

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Speaker 1: of different ways of classifying and grouping blood. But the

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Speaker 1: most common and the most important blood group types to

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Speaker 1: discuss are the A, B O blood group system and

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Speaker 1: what's known as the r H factor. Now you've heard

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Speaker 1: of these before, but what do they mean? Simply put,

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Speaker 1: blood type refers to which category of antigens you will

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Speaker 1: find on the outside of your red blood cells, and

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Speaker 1: that in turn determines how your body's immune system responds

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Speaker 1: to different types of blood from other donors because of

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Speaker 1: the antigens on the outside of their red blood cells,

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Speaker 1: and also how other people's bodies would respond to your

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Speaker 1: blood if you if given a transfusion from you. By

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Speaker 1: the way, Joe, before we go any further, what is

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Speaker 1: your blood type, I almost answered, but then I stopped.

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Speaker 1: Should I reveal my blood type on air? I wonder

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Speaker 1: I'm getting flashes of some future like cyber scenario where

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Speaker 1: I regret sharing this information publicly. Well, I can't think

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Speaker 1: of a way people would use it against us. I

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Speaker 1: can think of a way Facebook will use it against us.

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Speaker 1: Well probably, Okay, Well, you don't have to reveal if

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Speaker 1: you don't want to. You want to reveal yours? Well,

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Speaker 1: I mean, I don't mind saying that I'm I'm typo negatives.

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Speaker 1: Oh nice, just like the goth industrial band of the

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Speaker 1: same name. Well, you also have a rare and important

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Speaker 1: blood group, as we'll discuss as we go on. Yes,

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Speaker 1: and we'll we'll just consider Joe's blood type to be

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Speaker 1: what blood type enigma, Well, we'll leave it to the

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Speaker 1: listeners to imagine what it might be. Blood type question

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Speaker 1: mark equal sign. Yes, okay. So, red blood cells, we

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Speaker 1: know they serve the function of traveling through the body

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Speaker 1: and transporting oxygen mal fules to body tissues, and they

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Speaker 1: also carry away carbon dioxide. And so the outsides of

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00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:07,960
Speaker 1: the red blood cells in your body will have these

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Speaker 1: little molecules on the outside on these structures made of molecules.

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Speaker 1: Uh that on the top layers of these structures consist

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Speaker 1: of various types of antigens that the and of course,

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00:16:20,280 --> 00:16:23,440
Speaker 1: an antigen is just something that your body's immune system

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Speaker 1: can recognize as a threat and react to. And so

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Speaker 1: your red blood cells can have either a antigens, be antigens, both,

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Speaker 1: or neither. If your red blood cells just have A antigens,

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Speaker 1: just these A antigen molecules on the outer layer, you

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Speaker 1: have blood type A. If you have just BE antigens,

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Speaker 1: you have blood type B. If you have both your

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Speaker 1: blood type A B, and if you have neither, you

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Speaker 1: are blood type Oh all right, I think that's pretty straightforward.

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Speaker 1: So really, yeah, they're they're like two critters at play here.

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Speaker 1: You can have either one, both, or neither. Now, of course,

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Speaker 1: blood types are genetically inherited, you get them from your

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Speaker 1: biological parents, but your a bio blood type is based

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Speaker 1: on interactions between a number of dominant and recessive genes.

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Speaker 1: So the correlation between your parents blood types and your

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Speaker 1: own blood type can be kind of confusing. It can,

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Speaker 1: for example, happened that your blood type might be different

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Speaker 1: from both of your parents blood types because of a

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Speaker 1: dominant recessive interaction. Um. But if you want to work

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Speaker 1: it out, you can look up inheritance matrices for blood

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Speaker 1: type online. These are easy to find, right, Or you

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Speaker 1: can just do like most families do and just put

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Speaker 1: your blood in a petri dish and just go around

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Speaker 1: in a circle and put a hot wire in that

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Speaker 1: way he can find out whose family and who is

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Speaker 1: definitely not well. It's funny how how close that that

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Speaker 1: scene in the thing is to some of the early

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Speaker 1: tests that were done to figure out what was going

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Speaker 1: on with blood types. Get into that in a minute. Um.

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Speaker 1: So again, why does it matter which type of blood

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Speaker 1: you have if you're going to receive a blood transfusion. Well, again,

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Speaker 1: it's because of your immune system. So within your body,

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Speaker 1: you've got in your blood plasma, you have white blood cells,

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Speaker 1: and you've got antibodies that work kind of like defense drones,

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00:18:06,280 --> 00:18:10,760
Speaker 1: latching onto certain types of antigens that they encounter things

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00:18:10,800 --> 00:18:12,919
Speaker 1: in your body that seem like they might be some

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Speaker 1: bit of dangerous foreign material in the blood. And of

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Speaker 1: course the main thing you'd be worried about, there are

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Speaker 1: some kinds of germs. Right now, generally we don't have

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Speaker 1: antibodies that will attack our own red blood cells. So

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Speaker 1: if you have blood type A, meaning you've got these

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Speaker 1: A antigens on the outside of your red blood cells,

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Speaker 1: your immune system will not attack A antigens because you

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Speaker 1: know you need to not attack them, they're they're going

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Speaker 1: to be abundant throughout you. But it probably will attack

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Speaker 1: BE antigens and vice versa. So generally your immune system

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Speaker 1: will attack whichever of these little molecules on the outside

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Speaker 1: of red blood cells you don't naturally have. So it

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Speaker 1: works out like this. If you have type A blood,

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Speaker 1: your immune system will attack BE antigens. If you have

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Speaker 1: type BE blood, your immune system will attack A antigens.

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Speaker 1: If you have type A B blood, you have both antigens,

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Speaker 1: so your immune system will attack neither of them. If

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Speaker 1: you have Type OH blood, you have neither antigens, so

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Speaker 1: your immune system will attack both following So far, yeah,

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Speaker 1: I think I think it's pretty straightforward for everybody. So

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Speaker 1: it's basically you know the starbillied sneeches, except a little

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Speaker 1: more complicated, like like you know three or four different

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Speaker 1: tribes of sneches. Well, right, I mean this means that

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Speaker 1: when you donate or receive a blood transfusion, you don't

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Speaker 1: always just need to match the same type between donor

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Speaker 1: and recipient. There are these inherent asymmetries and who can

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Speaker 1: receive what types of blood. For example, if you have

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Speaker 1: a B blood, you can receive blood from any other type.

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Speaker 1: You can receive A blood, you can receive B blood,

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Speaker 1: you can receive A B blood or OH blood. It

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Speaker 1: doesn't matter because you don't in your blood plasma have

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Speaker 1: antibodies to attack any of those other types of red

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Speaker 1: blood cells. And for this reason, type A B is

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Speaker 1: the unit versal recipient class. But if you donate a

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00:20:03,680 --> 00:20:06,480
Speaker 1: B blood, that blood can only go to a recipient

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00:20:06,480 --> 00:20:09,520
Speaker 1: who is also a B because that recipient otherwise is

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Speaker 1: going to have immune system reaction to one of one

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Speaker 1: or both of those antigens on the outside of those cells. Now,

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00:20:17,160 --> 00:20:19,560
Speaker 1: on the flip side, type OH blood, which has neither

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Speaker 1: A nor B antigens, is the universal donor class. You

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00:20:23,400 --> 00:20:26,480
Speaker 1: can give type O blood to people with A B, A, B,

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Speaker 1: or OH and it will usually be fine. Now I

385
00:20:29,160 --> 00:20:31,640
Speaker 1: think we should say that these donor you know, these

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00:20:31,640 --> 00:20:34,679
Speaker 1: donor safety statements are for most cases, these are like

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00:20:34,760 --> 00:20:36,720
Speaker 1: on average, they'll be better. There are always kind of

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Speaker 1: like anomalous reactions people can have to any type of protonation,

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00:20:40,720 --> 00:20:43,200
Speaker 1: and and and and that also gets into the fact

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00:20:43,240 --> 00:20:47,480
Speaker 1: that all things being equal, an exact match is always preferred,

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Speaker 1: but certainly in an emergency. Uh, that's when you see

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00:20:50,800 --> 00:20:53,800
Speaker 1: cases where where you know the universal donor can come

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00:20:53,840 --> 00:20:56,959
Speaker 1: in exactly. And that's a one reason. A common practice

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Speaker 1: in modern hospitals and clinics today is to collect blood

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00:21:00,080 --> 00:21:03,040
Speaker 1: from a patient in advance of a preplanned surgery or

396
00:21:03,080 --> 00:21:06,159
Speaker 1: procedure in which a transfusion might be necessary. So if

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00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:09,200
Speaker 1: you're going in for surgery these days, they'll usually take

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00:21:09,280 --> 00:21:11,679
Speaker 1: some of your blood, you know, the day before, the

399
00:21:11,720 --> 00:21:15,280
Speaker 1: week before the surgery, and that way, if you suddenly

400
00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:18,600
Speaker 1: need a transfusion, if there's some emergency during the procedure,

401
00:21:18,880 --> 00:21:22,040
Speaker 1: you can receive your own blood, decreasing the chance of

402
00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:25,479
Speaker 1: an immune immune reaction or any other compatibility issue. Right.

403
00:21:25,520 --> 00:21:28,520
Speaker 1: It's not that your your doctor is of secret vampire,

404
00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:32,480
Speaker 1: right and just needs a taste before things get going, right,

405
00:21:32,480 --> 00:21:34,399
Speaker 1: But there may be times when somebody needs a blood

406
00:21:34,440 --> 00:21:37,440
Speaker 1: transfusion and there's none of their own blood on hand

407
00:21:37,480 --> 00:21:40,119
Speaker 1: to give them, so they need blood from a bank,

408
00:21:40,200 --> 00:21:43,040
Speaker 1: They need blood from a donor from a reserve of

409
00:21:43,280 --> 00:21:47,320
Speaker 1: pre stored blood. That's they're waiting for somebody who needs it. Now,

410
00:21:47,359 --> 00:21:49,159
Speaker 1: we should also say, on top of the A B

411
00:21:49,359 --> 00:21:52,480
Speaker 1: O system, there's also the r H factor, which is

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00:21:52,520 --> 00:21:54,920
Speaker 1: just yet another type of thing that you would find

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Speaker 1: on the outside of red blood cells. This time it's

414
00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:01,440
Speaker 1: a protein UH that's known as the UH the recess

415
00:22:01,520 --> 00:22:04,640
Speaker 1: factor r H factor after the recess monkeys from which

416
00:22:04,640 --> 00:22:08,160
Speaker 1: it was originally studied and isolated UH, and it works

417
00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:10,199
Speaker 1: sort of the same way. Basically, there are only two

418
00:22:10,240 --> 00:22:13,760
Speaker 1: options with the RH factor factor. Either you have these proteins,

419
00:22:14,080 --> 00:22:16,600
Speaker 1: meaning you're RH positive, or you don't have them, meaning

420
00:22:16,640 --> 00:22:19,879
Speaker 1: you'r RH negative. And the RH factor is noted with

421
00:22:19,920 --> 00:22:22,119
Speaker 1: a plus or a minus sign after your A B

422
00:22:22,240 --> 00:22:25,280
Speaker 1: O type. So the true universal donor is actually not

423
00:22:25,359 --> 00:22:28,399
Speaker 1: just blood type OH, but blood type O negative, and

424
00:22:28,440 --> 00:22:31,520
Speaker 1: the universal recipient is not just type A B but

425
00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:35,040
Speaker 1: type A B positive. Now that's the simplified version, but

426
00:22:35,080 --> 00:22:38,240
Speaker 1: it also gets more complicated because the blood donor and

427
00:22:38,280 --> 00:22:41,359
Speaker 1: recipient compatibility is very based on whether you're talking about

428
00:22:41,359 --> 00:22:44,320
Speaker 1: like red blood cells versus plasma. Like your red blood

429
00:22:44,359 --> 00:22:47,480
Speaker 1: cells contain the antigens for your blood type, but your

430
00:22:47,520 --> 00:22:51,639
Speaker 1: plasma will contain the antibodies or potential immune response correlated

431
00:22:51,680 --> 00:22:54,000
Speaker 1: to your blood type. So most of what we've been

432
00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:55,919
Speaker 1: talking about so far has been for the red blood

433
00:22:55,960 --> 00:23:00,000
Speaker 1: cells that would be donated or received. But yeah, so again,

434
00:23:00,240 --> 00:23:02,280
Speaker 1: so you mentioned your type of negative. You are the

435
00:23:02,359 --> 00:23:07,080
Speaker 1: universal donor, Robert, You're you're you're kind of human gold. Well,

436
00:23:07,600 --> 00:23:09,320
Speaker 1: I do have to stress it. I think that is

437
00:23:09,440 --> 00:23:11,800
Speaker 1: what we have to be careful about overstating that, not

438
00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:13,719
Speaker 1: that I'm gold, because obviously I don't want people to

439
00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:17,119
Speaker 1: harvest my blood without my consent. I do try and

440
00:23:17,160 --> 00:23:19,920
Speaker 1: give give blood, um, you know, a lot when whenever

441
00:23:19,960 --> 00:23:22,119
Speaker 1: there's a blood drive and I'm allowed, you know, to

442
00:23:22,160 --> 00:23:25,719
Speaker 1: do so. But but but also nobody out there who

443
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:28,879
Speaker 1: is like a B needs to to feel like, oh, well,

444
00:23:28,880 --> 00:23:30,600
Speaker 1: my blood is not as valuable. I'm gonna sit this

445
00:23:30,640 --> 00:23:32,680
Speaker 1: one out, like they don't really need my blood because

446
00:23:32,680 --> 00:23:34,800
Speaker 1: I'm not negative. Like, no, your blood is still really

447
00:23:34,840 --> 00:23:37,320
Speaker 1: important because again, all things being equal, they're going to

448
00:23:37,400 --> 00:23:40,720
Speaker 1: try and do as as close of a match as possible. Yeah,

449
00:23:40,960 --> 00:23:44,160
Speaker 1: that's totally right. All all blood is valuable, all all

450
00:23:44,200 --> 00:23:48,120
Speaker 1: blood is beautiful, then maybe all blood is delicious uh

451
00:23:48,320 --> 00:23:50,359
Speaker 1: should we. So let's let's talk a little bit about

452
00:23:50,400 --> 00:23:53,720
Speaker 1: that the blood serum clumping test we mentioned earlier. Now,

453
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:59,800
Speaker 1: the Austrian immunologist and pathologist Carl Landsteiner, who I keep

454
00:24:00,040 --> 00:24:03,880
Speaker 1: accidentally calling land Striders. Stop me if I do get

455
00:24:04,200 --> 00:24:08,760
Speaker 1: get dark crystal brain. But Carl Landsteiner, Uh, he discovered

456
00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:11,879
Speaker 1: the primary A bio blood groups around the year's nineteen

457
00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:15,800
Speaker 1: hundred or nineteen o one. And at the time, doctors

458
00:24:15,880 --> 00:24:20,000
Speaker 1: knew that blood transfusions could be very dangerous, could kill patients,

459
00:24:20,040 --> 00:24:24,240
Speaker 1: they caused adverse reactions and the recipient um. And you know,

460
00:24:24,359 --> 00:24:27,280
Speaker 1: up until around this time that there was a good

461
00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:30,440
Speaker 1: reason why blood transfusion wasn't done much. It was considered

462
00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:34,000
Speaker 1: sort of a risky, experimental kind of thing, not not

463
00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:37,240
Speaker 1: like a standard medical intervention. Yeah, I realized I probably

464
00:24:37,240 --> 00:24:39,199
Speaker 1: bring this show up every time we talked about the

465
00:24:39,280 --> 00:24:45,080
Speaker 1: history um of of surgery. But the the excellent cinemax

466
00:24:45,119 --> 00:24:49,280
Speaker 1: series from Soderberg the Nick there's one scene in which

467
00:24:49,320 --> 00:24:52,159
Speaker 1: they attempt a blood transfusion um to save a patient

468
00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:56,720
Speaker 1: and the patients is just killed on the operating table. Yeah,

469
00:24:56,760 --> 00:24:58,960
Speaker 1: I mean, yeah, that would have been a reality at

470
00:24:58,960 --> 00:25:02,880
Speaker 1: this time, Like if few. So there were surgeons who

471
00:25:02,880 --> 00:25:06,240
Speaker 1: tried to experiment with blood transfusions because patients died all

472
00:25:06,280 --> 00:25:08,760
Speaker 1: the time for from blood loss, and so you know,

473
00:25:08,800 --> 00:25:10,640
Speaker 1: if you could find a way to get blood into

474
00:25:10,640 --> 00:25:12,840
Speaker 1: them to save their life, that would be great. And

475
00:25:13,160 --> 00:25:16,640
Speaker 1: sometimes it worked, but a lot of times it didn't.

476
00:25:17,000 --> 00:25:19,520
Speaker 1: And it if it didn't work, there were chances it

477
00:25:19,560 --> 00:25:22,960
Speaker 1: could go catastrophically bad and could kill you. Yeah, but

478
00:25:23,160 --> 00:25:24,879
Speaker 1: they they think, they begin to realize, yeah, there's some

479
00:25:25,040 --> 00:25:27,800
Speaker 1: there's some code in the blood, there's some there's something here.

480
00:25:28,119 --> 00:25:30,800
Speaker 1: There's a reason that it works sometimes but not other times.

481
00:25:31,280 --> 00:25:33,600
Speaker 1: We just have to figure out what that is. Yeah. Now,

482
00:25:33,840 --> 00:25:36,280
Speaker 1: one of the things that doctors of the time observed

483
00:25:36,400 --> 00:25:39,119
Speaker 1: is that you could see this if you just mixed

484
00:25:39,160 --> 00:25:43,399
Speaker 1: together blood samples from different patients in uh in in

485
00:25:43,520 --> 00:25:47,080
Speaker 1: dishes or in tubes. Sometimes when you mix together blood

486
00:25:47,080 --> 00:25:49,600
Speaker 1: samples from different patients, you would get what was known

487
00:25:49,600 --> 00:25:52,320
Speaker 1: as a glutination, which is where the red blood cells

488
00:25:52,320 --> 00:25:55,320
Speaker 1: I'll start to clump together. That's not good if that

489
00:25:55,359 --> 00:25:59,199
Speaker 1: happens inside your body. Right, So it's clearly that's a

490
00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:02,119
Speaker 1: major thing must be happening in these cases where you

491
00:26:02,200 --> 00:26:05,040
Speaker 1: give humans a blood transfusion and it goes really wrong.

492
00:26:05,920 --> 00:26:08,520
Speaker 1: And yet while we knew these negative reactions could happen,

493
00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:11,600
Speaker 1: we didn't know exactly why. And land Steiner comes in here.

494
00:26:11,680 --> 00:26:15,720
Speaker 1: He figures out that this adverse reaction to donated blood

495
00:26:15,800 --> 00:26:19,520
Speaker 1: was because the recipient's immune system in the plasma is

496
00:26:19,560 --> 00:26:23,119
Speaker 1: attacking the new blood cells like they were germs. And

497
00:26:23,240 --> 00:26:26,320
Speaker 1: land Steiner figured out that these immune reactions were correlated

498
00:26:26,359 --> 00:26:30,080
Speaker 1: to four categories of antigen profiles in red blood cells,

499
00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:33,760
Speaker 1: which now from from which we've now derived the first

500
00:26:33,840 --> 00:26:36,000
Speaker 1: he discovered the A group, the B group in the

501
00:26:36,040 --> 00:26:38,040
Speaker 1: O group, and then a little bit later he discovered

502
00:26:38,040 --> 00:26:41,360
Speaker 1: the A B group also. But as I mentioned earlier,

503
00:26:41,600 --> 00:26:44,560
Speaker 1: there are these other blood factors, and len Steiner discovered

504
00:26:44,640 --> 00:26:47,000
Speaker 1: several of those as well, such as like m in

505
00:26:47,280 --> 00:26:50,080
Speaker 1: and P factors, And he was also involved in research

506
00:26:50,160 --> 00:26:54,760
Speaker 1: decades later that led to the discovery of the RH factor. Again,

507
00:26:54,800 --> 00:26:56,919
Speaker 1: that's like the plus and the minus sign after you

508
00:26:56,960 --> 00:26:58,800
Speaker 1: see the most common blood types in the A B

509
00:26:58,960 --> 00:27:02,280
Speaker 1: group or the A B group. Uh and Lensteiner eventually

510
00:27:02,280 --> 00:27:04,920
Speaker 1: won the Nobel Prize for his research, which was essential

511
00:27:05,000 --> 00:27:08,520
Speaker 1: to making blood transfusions safe and commonplace. So this was

512
00:27:08,600 --> 00:27:11,720
Speaker 1: like very important work in the history of medicine. Yeah,

513
00:27:11,720 --> 00:27:15,040
Speaker 1: I mean this is one of those technicus surgical technologies,

514
00:27:15,080 --> 00:27:20,200
Speaker 1: medical technologies that it's hard to imagine, like modern medical

515
00:27:20,240 --> 00:27:25,000
Speaker 1: science without the ability to give blood transfusions. Right. Um,

516
00:27:25,080 --> 00:27:27,800
Speaker 1: But there still is an underlying mystery here, something that

517
00:27:27,840 --> 00:27:31,679
Speaker 1: we haven't fully solved yet. Why do we have different

518
00:27:31,680 --> 00:27:36,320
Speaker 1: blood types? Like what evolutionary pressures, if any, brought about

519
00:27:36,440 --> 00:27:40,440
Speaker 1: these different uh, these different antigen structures on the outside

520
00:27:40,440 --> 00:27:42,560
Speaker 1: of red blood cells. And this is still to some

521
00:27:42,640 --> 00:27:46,080
Speaker 1: extent and unsolved mystery and human evolution. But I think,

522
00:27:46,400 --> 00:27:48,480
Speaker 1: at least as far as I've read, there are some

523
00:27:48,560 --> 00:27:52,000
Speaker 1: indications that the evolved differences in blood types may have

524
00:27:52,080 --> 00:27:55,600
Speaker 1: something to do with different pressures related to immune response

525
00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:59,960
Speaker 1: and protection against disease. Yeah, that's that's that's what I'm

526
00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:03,520
Speaker 1: from from from the information I was looking at here. Um,

527
00:28:03,960 --> 00:28:07,000
Speaker 1: So let's get into this the idea that in a sense,

528
00:28:07,040 --> 00:28:09,560
Speaker 1: there are powers in the blood or or more specifically,

529
00:28:09,600 --> 00:28:12,119
Speaker 1: I guess that that different blood types bring with them

530
00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:17,159
Speaker 1: different immune strengths and in some cases perhaps immune weaknesses.

531
00:28:17,680 --> 00:28:19,439
Speaker 1: And you know, this is a very common thing to

532
00:28:19,480 --> 00:28:22,280
Speaker 1: find in human evolution. A lot of times you see

533
00:28:23,240 --> 00:28:27,160
Speaker 1: different population groups with slight differences, and you wonder why.

534
00:28:27,200 --> 00:28:30,800
Speaker 1: And it's because of some local parasite that people's ancestors

535
00:28:30,840 --> 00:28:34,760
Speaker 1: evolved to h to resist. And so let's let's talk

536
00:28:34,800 --> 00:28:38,080
Speaker 1: about the parasites here. The real blood drinkers, the real

537
00:28:38,360 --> 00:28:42,880
Speaker 1: dangerous vampires. Uh, not count Dracula, but the but the

538
00:28:42,880 --> 00:28:46,040
Speaker 1: the mosquitoes that drink human blood, that hunt is for

539
00:28:46,080 --> 00:28:49,400
Speaker 1: our blood and spread a host of deadly diseases in

540
00:28:49,440 --> 00:28:52,920
Speaker 1: the process, the real vampires. Yes, so you know you

541
00:28:52,960 --> 00:28:55,320
Speaker 1: may have heard before, you may have read this before

542
00:28:55,720 --> 00:28:58,920
Speaker 1: that mosquitoes prefer typo blood. I don't know if I

543
00:28:58,920 --> 00:29:01,760
Speaker 1: had heard that, But once you start looking for it,

544
00:29:01,800 --> 00:29:05,160
Speaker 1: you see it all over the place. Uh. And more

545
00:29:05,200 --> 00:29:07,080
Speaker 1: than that, you probably read it in any number of

546
00:29:07,160 --> 00:29:10,600
Speaker 1: articles in in very trustworthy publications. Uh. And it's it's

547
00:29:10,600 --> 00:29:14,000
Speaker 1: been widely reported. You know that people with TYPEO are

548
00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:16,960
Speaker 1: bitten twice as often as people with type A, while

549
00:29:17,080 --> 00:29:20,800
Speaker 1: Type B falls somewhere in between. Okay, so wait, you

550
00:29:20,800 --> 00:29:24,040
Speaker 1: get betten a lot by mosquitoes. I mean I do.

551
00:29:24,200 --> 00:29:27,480
Speaker 1: I was been numerous times yesterday actually a whole researching

552
00:29:27,480 --> 00:29:29,040
Speaker 1: this because I was working out on the porch and

553
00:29:29,040 --> 00:29:32,120
Speaker 1: then it grilled in the afternoon, and I was thinking, like, well,

554
00:29:32,400 --> 00:29:35,160
Speaker 1: you know, I surely get attacked by them a lot,

555
00:29:35,240 --> 00:29:37,840
Speaker 1: but then that proves it. But yeah, that's hardly proved.

556
00:29:37,880 --> 00:29:41,160
Speaker 1: That's just like if any time you're bit my mosquito

557
00:29:41,680 --> 00:29:44,400
Speaker 1: fed upon my mosquito, you know that's that's one time

558
00:29:44,440 --> 00:29:48,240
Speaker 1: too many, right, So a lot of these articles though

559
00:29:48,240 --> 00:29:50,120
Speaker 1: there they end up pointing to a two thousand and

560
00:29:50,120 --> 00:29:54,200
Speaker 1: four study from the Journal of Medicine Etymology from two

561
00:29:54,240 --> 00:29:58,880
Speaker 1: thousand four from Cheray at All which found that quote,

562
00:29:58,920 --> 00:30:03,800
Speaker 1: blood group OH subjects attracted more uh mosquitoes than other

563
00:30:03,840 --> 00:30:07,320
Speaker 1: blood groups be A, B, and A, but we're significantly

564
00:30:07,400 --> 00:30:10,960
Speaker 1: more attractive than blood group A subjects in sixty four

565
00:30:11,040 --> 00:30:15,520
Speaker 1: human landing tests. So um, yeah, this one's this one

566
00:30:15,560 --> 00:30:17,040
Speaker 1: is cited a lot. I'll come back to that in

567
00:30:17,080 --> 00:30:19,280
Speaker 1: a second, but I want to point out that the

568
00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:23,320
Speaker 1: Smithsonian magazine has an article about the about this, and

569
00:30:23,360 --> 00:30:25,640
Speaker 1: they point out that, you know, based on genes, about

570
00:30:25,680 --> 00:30:29,960
Speaker 1: eight people secrete a chemical signal that broadcasts their blood type,

571
00:30:30,240 --> 00:30:33,320
Speaker 1: about fifteen percent do not, and mosquitoes are apparently more

572
00:30:33,360 --> 00:30:37,840
Speaker 1: attracted to secret ors. Now, to be clear, though there

573
00:30:37,840 --> 00:30:40,160
Speaker 1: are plenty of other factors here at well that play

574
00:30:40,160 --> 00:30:44,160
Speaker 1: into whether mosquitoes will swarm to you. They don't care

575
00:30:44,200 --> 00:30:47,960
Speaker 1: about gender, hair color, or pigmentation, but they can be

576
00:30:48,040 --> 00:30:50,800
Speaker 1: attracted by the big one. One of the big ones

577
00:30:50,840 --> 00:30:54,640
Speaker 1: is carbon dioxide. Uh, sweat, high body temperature is a

578
00:30:54,680 --> 00:30:59,160
Speaker 1: big one. Uh, certain skin bacteria, ethanol excretion, and sweat

579
00:30:59,240 --> 00:31:03,200
Speaker 1: due to beer concid. Yeah, pregnancy apparently as a factor,

580
00:31:03,240 --> 00:31:05,840
Speaker 1: but that seems to come down to just carbon dioxide

581
00:31:05,840 --> 00:31:09,000
Speaker 1: and warmth, like increased carbon dioxide and warmth, and then

582
00:31:09,040 --> 00:31:12,640
Speaker 1: also dark clothing, which that's one that matches up. I

583
00:31:12,960 --> 00:31:16,760
Speaker 1: found with my experience killing mosquitoes is that they'll be

584
00:31:16,760 --> 00:31:19,520
Speaker 1: attracted to dark things I'm wearing. And then if I'm

585
00:31:19,640 --> 00:31:22,040
Speaker 1: killing them, say in a bungalow, they're going to go

586
00:31:22,080 --> 00:31:23,800
Speaker 1: to the dark corners of the bungalow to try and

587
00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:26,080
Speaker 1: get away from me. Well, I wonder if it's because

588
00:31:26,160 --> 00:31:29,720
Speaker 1: out on a warm day, dark clothing gets hotter. Yeah,

589
00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:32,959
Speaker 1: that's true. They're attracted to heat. Yeah, again, heats one

590
00:31:32,960 --> 00:31:35,480
Speaker 1: of the big ones. Now, the notion that mosquitoes prefer

591
00:31:35,840 --> 00:31:38,400
Speaker 1: type of blood did not hold up for long. The

592
00:31:38,400 --> 00:31:43,920
Speaker 1: study was criticized for statistical problems. Uh. Joseph Conelin, technical

593
00:31:43,960 --> 00:31:48,000
Speaker 1: adviser of the American Mosquito Control Association, has dismissed this

594
00:31:48,160 --> 00:31:51,160
Speaker 1: as a as as as not being that that big

595
00:31:51,160 --> 00:31:53,320
Speaker 1: of a factor or not being a factor at all.

596
00:31:53,640 --> 00:31:56,320
Speaker 1: But but you still see it decided quite a bit.

597
00:31:56,480 --> 00:31:59,560
Speaker 1: But as far as I can tell, UH, based on

598
00:31:59,440 --> 00:32:02,560
Speaker 1: the re search here, I don't think blood type really

599
00:32:02,600 --> 00:32:05,160
Speaker 1: plays into whether or not a mosquito is going to

600
00:32:05,320 --> 00:32:08,320
Speaker 1: feast under blood or certainly it's not. It's it's it's

601
00:32:08,360 --> 00:32:11,120
Speaker 1: not going to compare to the other factors that are

602
00:32:11,800 --> 00:32:14,320
Speaker 1: going to dictate whether or not you're going to be

603
00:32:14,320 --> 00:32:17,720
Speaker 1: fed upon. Now, on the other hand, there does seem

604
00:32:17,760 --> 00:32:20,200
Speaker 1: to be evidence that people with type OH blood are

605
00:32:20,240 --> 00:32:23,760
Speaker 1: protected from the most severe forms of malaria. According to

606
00:32:23,760 --> 00:32:27,160
Speaker 1: a two thousand fifteen Swedish study, a protein secreted by

607
00:32:27,240 --> 00:32:32,040
Speaker 1: malarial parasites only bonds weekly with type of blood cells,

608
00:32:32,080 --> 00:32:36,120
Speaker 1: but bonds strongly to a As a result, type of

609
00:32:36,240 --> 00:32:40,360
Speaker 1: blood is more prominent in malaria plague regions. The researchers

610
00:32:40,840 --> 00:32:44,880
Speaker 1: from the Caroliniska Institute point out that roughly half of

611
00:32:44,960 --> 00:32:48,240
Speaker 1: Nigeria's population has type of blood. And by the way,

612
00:32:48,280 --> 00:32:50,080
Speaker 1: this is uh, this is how it breaks down in

613
00:32:50,120 --> 00:32:53,880
Speaker 1: the United States. According to the Red Cross, UH OH

614
00:32:53,880 --> 00:32:58,360
Speaker 1: positive blood you'll find UH forty seven percent among African Americans,

615
00:32:58,400 --> 00:33:02,320
Speaker 1: thirty nine among Asians, thirty seven percent among Caucasians, fifty

616
00:33:02,840 --> 00:33:07,440
Speaker 1: among Latino Americans, and then OH negative four percent among

617
00:33:07,480 --> 00:33:11,320
Speaker 1: African Americans, one percent among Asians, eight percent among Caucasians,

618
00:33:11,320 --> 00:33:15,800
Speaker 1: and four percent among Latino Americans. So having type OH

619
00:33:15,880 --> 00:33:21,400
Speaker 1: blood with the positive rh factor is much more common, yes, yeah,

620
00:33:21,520 --> 00:33:24,959
Speaker 1: And and certainly you see, like in the the American

621
00:33:24,960 --> 00:33:29,080
Speaker 1: the African American population, you do see that significantly higher

622
00:33:29,520 --> 00:33:33,440
Speaker 1: um rate of O positive blood. Likewise with Latino American

623
00:33:33,440 --> 00:33:36,560
Speaker 1: blood as well. So I think these are some of

624
00:33:36,600 --> 00:33:39,200
Speaker 1: the key statistics that people are focusing in on when

625
00:33:39,200 --> 00:33:42,120
Speaker 1: they're making a case for UH. You know, the blood

626
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,480
Speaker 1: type having this uh this immune factor. You know that

627
00:33:46,000 --> 00:33:49,680
Speaker 1: this is the reason you find these different blood types

628
00:33:49,680 --> 00:33:52,560
Speaker 1: in different human populations, the result of your more recent

629
00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:56,400
Speaker 1: ancestors being exposed to more malaria risk. Yeah. Now, on

630
00:33:56,440 --> 00:33:59,560
Speaker 1: the other hand, people with type OH blood tend to

631
00:33:59,720 --> 00:34:03,600
Speaker 1: become more severely ill from cholera compared to other blood types,

632
00:34:03,880 --> 00:34:05,760
Speaker 1: and according to a two thousand sixteen study from the

633
00:34:05,760 --> 00:34:08,400
Speaker 1: Washington University School of Medicine. It may be due to

634
00:34:08,440 --> 00:34:12,440
Speaker 1: the way that blood type influences how strongly cholera toxin

635
00:34:12,760 --> 00:34:16,400
Speaker 1: activates intestinal cells leading to diarrhea. Oh yeah, I was

636
00:34:16,440 --> 00:34:19,400
Speaker 1: also reading about some evidence that there may be different

637
00:34:19,400 --> 00:34:22,960
Speaker 1: responses to norovirus having to do with blood types. Well that, yeah,

638
00:34:23,000 --> 00:34:26,719
Speaker 1: that would make sense too. Um. I've also seen a

639
00:34:26,920 --> 00:34:29,080
Speaker 1: B and A by link to higher risk for coronary

640
00:34:29,120 --> 00:34:32,359
Speaker 1: heart disease, but I didn't I didn't look into that, uh,

641
00:34:33,040 --> 00:34:35,080
Speaker 1: super closely. I'm not sure how much of that is

642
00:34:35,080 --> 00:34:39,040
Speaker 1: is really ironed out, or or to what extent is correlation.

643
00:34:39,400 --> 00:34:43,160
Speaker 1: I think type A blood is associated with greater risks

644
00:34:43,160 --> 00:34:46,000
Speaker 1: for some types of cancers. Now, of course, as we

645
00:34:46,000 --> 00:34:48,479
Speaker 1: stressed already, one of the most important aspects of type

646
00:34:48,560 --> 00:34:51,800
Speaker 1: of blood remains that it is a universal donor, meaning

647
00:34:51,800 --> 00:34:54,239
Speaker 1: that an in an emergency, it can be used with

648
00:34:54,280 --> 00:34:56,840
Speaker 1: the lowest risk of series reactions for all blood types.

649
00:34:57,160 --> 00:34:59,480
Speaker 1: And so as you might imagine, it would be ideal

650
00:34:59,600 --> 00:35:02,160
Speaker 1: to be able to transform any blood type into a

651
00:35:02,239 --> 00:35:06,120
Speaker 1: universal donor, right Uh. And I suppose our vampires would

652
00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:08,480
Speaker 1: would very much like that as well, if they indeed

653
00:35:08,680 --> 00:35:13,160
Speaker 1: prefer um O oh negative and no positive blood, and

654
00:35:13,200 --> 00:35:15,120
Speaker 1: one of the ways that this could be achieved is

655
00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:19,239
Speaker 1: by using bacteria enzymes to clip away sugars that give

656
00:35:19,320 --> 00:35:22,800
Speaker 1: red blood cells their type, but it's ultimately not a

657
00:35:22,880 --> 00:35:26,120
Speaker 1: very effective method. But recently this year, in fact, researchers

658
00:35:26,120 --> 00:35:28,319
Speaker 1: at the University of British Columbia found two types of

659
00:35:28,440 --> 00:35:31,759
Speaker 1: enzymes in the human gut biome that that can transform

660
00:35:32,120 --> 00:35:36,120
Speaker 1: blood types essentially into O UH into O type blood.

661
00:35:36,520 --> 00:35:39,759
Speaker 1: One converts the antigen to an amine and the other

662
00:35:39,920 --> 00:35:44,120
Speaker 1: removes the antigen completely. But a lot of work remains

663
00:35:44,320 --> 00:35:46,160
Speaker 1: to be done in this area before anything like a

664
00:35:46,280 --> 00:35:49,480
Speaker 1: human test UH this would be possible, but it does

665
00:35:49,480 --> 00:35:52,040
Speaker 1: show how we could very well come to a you know,

666
00:35:52,040 --> 00:35:55,160
Speaker 1: a day in the future where when you give blood

667
00:35:55,320 --> 00:35:58,440
Speaker 1: that blood is then can then be altered so that

668
00:35:58,480 --> 00:36:01,839
Speaker 1: it can be more broadly used. Now we alluded to

669
00:36:01,840 --> 00:36:06,040
Speaker 1: this earlier, but there are also tons of just edge

670
00:36:06,080 --> 00:36:09,120
Speaker 1: cases where things get more interesting and more complicated than

671
00:36:09,320 --> 00:36:11,359
Speaker 1: the blood type groups we've been talking about so far.

672
00:36:11,440 --> 00:36:14,440
Speaker 1: Like there is what's known I think is like the

673
00:36:14,520 --> 00:36:18,560
Speaker 1: Bombay blood type group where UH this is a relatively

674
00:36:18,600 --> 00:36:22,520
Speaker 1: isolated phenomenon, but UM, but people who are not type

675
00:36:22,560 --> 00:36:25,520
Speaker 1: A B A b or oh, and can only receive

676
00:36:25,560 --> 00:36:27,759
Speaker 1: blood from each other. All right, On that note, we're

677
00:36:27,760 --> 00:36:29,640
Speaker 1: going to take a quick break, but when we come back,

678
00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:37,440
Speaker 1: we're going to get into some blood myths. Than all right,

679
00:36:37,640 --> 00:36:40,360
Speaker 1: we're back. So, you know, we started off this episode

680
00:36:40,360 --> 00:36:43,440
Speaker 1: talking about vampires drinking blood, and we touched on the

681
00:36:43,480 --> 00:36:47,279
Speaker 1: idea of vampires being sort of like wine connoisseurs. So

682
00:36:47,320 --> 00:36:51,560
Speaker 1: what if you had an elder nos Ferato style vampire

683
00:36:51,760 --> 00:36:55,120
Speaker 1: holding up a goblet of blood and you know, sniffs it,

684
00:36:55,320 --> 00:36:58,920
Speaker 1: SIPs it, and then starts just uh, you know, ranting

685
00:36:58,960 --> 00:37:01,840
Speaker 1: about a raving about how oh you can tell that

686
00:37:01,920 --> 00:37:04,160
Speaker 1: this one, this one came from a hunter, some came

687
00:37:04,200 --> 00:37:08,400
Speaker 1: from a you know, a fierce lover. Uh, and I

688
00:37:08,480 --> 00:37:12,040
Speaker 1: can taste it. This has notes of big Mac, notes

689
00:37:12,080 --> 00:37:18,960
Speaker 1: of barbecue sauce. But getting into this idea though that

690
00:37:18,960 --> 00:37:23,080
Speaker 1: that blood could in any way inform the vampire about

691
00:37:23,120 --> 00:37:26,840
Speaker 1: the personality of the individual that it came from. Uh,

692
00:37:26,880 --> 00:37:29,520
Speaker 1: you know, that would seem to get into into supernatural

693
00:37:29,560 --> 00:37:32,759
Speaker 1: aspects about blood for sure. And yet well we also

694
00:37:32,840 --> 00:37:37,040
Speaker 1: see this idea, you know, moving among the living in

695
00:37:37,320 --> 00:37:41,320
Speaker 1: our real world. Uh, this idea that personality is somehow

696
00:37:41,400 --> 00:37:44,600
Speaker 1: tied to blood type. Yeah, it's a somewhat popular form

697
00:37:44,680 --> 00:37:48,480
Speaker 1: of personality assessment in Japan these days that's based on

698
00:37:48,520 --> 00:37:53,240
Speaker 1: blood types. So in some Japanese magazines and TV shows

699
00:37:53,239 --> 00:37:57,240
Speaker 1: and stuff, you'll find what are essentially blood type horoscopes,

700
00:37:57,600 --> 00:38:02,720
Speaker 1: or for how about this bood type relationship compatibility charts,

701
00:38:02,800 --> 00:38:04,960
Speaker 1: like if you know you to figure out if you've

702
00:38:05,000 --> 00:38:07,400
Speaker 1: met the person who's right for you, look up their

703
00:38:07,440 --> 00:38:10,040
Speaker 1: blood type on this chart and see how it correlates

704
00:38:10,080 --> 00:38:12,600
Speaker 1: with yours. Uh. And this is all predicated on the

705
00:38:12,640 --> 00:38:16,080
Speaker 1: belief that blood types concern more than just the proteins

706
00:38:16,080 --> 00:38:18,560
Speaker 1: and antibodies and stuff in your blood, but that they

707
00:38:18,600 --> 00:38:22,000
Speaker 1: actually determine important aspects of your personality, much like the

708
00:38:22,120 --> 00:38:26,160
Speaker 1: zodiac signs in Western astrology. Um. And though I think

709
00:38:26,280 --> 00:38:30,759
Speaker 1: some Western characterizations of this folk belief maybe overstating its

710
00:38:30,800 --> 00:38:35,160
Speaker 1: importance in modern Japanese culture, the popularity of books in

711
00:38:35,239 --> 00:38:38,360
Speaker 1: Japan giving life advice based on blood type indicates that

712
00:38:38,520 --> 00:38:41,960
Speaker 1: this is at least a somewhat or pretty popular belief.

713
00:38:42,320 --> 00:38:43,920
Speaker 1: I guess it's always hard, Like I was trying to

714
00:38:43,920 --> 00:38:46,120
Speaker 1: find a survey that had good numbers on this, but

715
00:38:46,160 --> 00:38:49,800
Speaker 1: I couldn't find anything that was very well sourced in English.

716
00:38:49,840 --> 00:38:52,200
Speaker 1: But I guess it's always kind of hard to determine

717
00:38:52,200 --> 00:38:55,239
Speaker 1: things like this anyway, because even if you ask people like, well,

718
00:38:55,280 --> 00:38:59,000
Speaker 1: do you believe in uh, you know, astrology and the

719
00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:02,480
Speaker 1: zodiac signs predicting your personality or do you believe in

720
00:39:02,480 --> 00:39:05,640
Speaker 1: blood types predicting personality? I always kind of wonder what

721
00:39:05,719 --> 00:39:08,400
Speaker 1: stuff like this like to what extend do people really

722
00:39:08,520 --> 00:39:10,880
Speaker 1: believe in it? Like with astrology, I think there are

723
00:39:10,920 --> 00:39:13,960
Speaker 1: a lot of people who do it, who participate in it,

724
00:39:14,040 --> 00:39:17,399
Speaker 1: who are who sort of believe in it, maybe half ironically,

725
00:39:17,560 --> 00:39:19,719
Speaker 1: but but they wouldn't say, take the advice of an

726
00:39:19,719 --> 00:39:23,200
Speaker 1: astrologer over the advice of their doctor. Yeah, we got

727
00:39:23,200 --> 00:39:25,040
Speaker 1: into this a little bit when we talked about the

728
00:39:25,120 --> 00:39:29,000
Speaker 1: Chinese zodiac on a past episode of the show UH

729
00:39:29,040 --> 00:39:31,440
Speaker 1: with with some of like the birth rate spikes than

730
00:39:31,600 --> 00:39:34,359
Speaker 1: one sees in the auspicious year of the dragon. And

731
00:39:34,400 --> 00:39:37,520
Speaker 1: I remember some of the author's writing on this. We're

732
00:39:37,560 --> 00:39:40,279
Speaker 1: pointing to not, you know, not a situation where we

733
00:39:40,280 --> 00:39:43,560
Speaker 1: had like a bunch of really hardcore um you know,

734
00:39:43,680 --> 00:39:47,000
Speaker 1: Chinese zodiac enthusiast in these Chinese communities outside of mainland

735
00:39:47,080 --> 00:39:51,000
Speaker 1: China where the the where the research was conducted. But

736
00:39:51,200 --> 00:39:54,240
Speaker 1: rather it was the idea that you had the younger

737
00:39:54,680 --> 00:39:58,800
Speaker 1: UH individuals with more of a casual acquaintance, more casual

738
00:39:58,920 --> 00:40:01,480
Speaker 1: knowledge of the DIAC. They were just kind of, you know,

739
00:40:01,520 --> 00:40:04,360
Speaker 1: they're trying to make a big life decision, and there's

740
00:40:04,360 --> 00:40:06,640
Speaker 1: a lot of information coming at you, and you're probably

741
00:40:06,640 --> 00:40:09,200
Speaker 1: getting second and third opinions and maybe get that fourth

742
00:40:09,200 --> 00:40:12,919
Speaker 1: opinion from the zodiac, and all things being equal, maybe

743
00:40:12,960 --> 00:40:15,399
Speaker 1: you give into that right that you can kind of

744
00:40:16,000 --> 00:40:18,520
Speaker 1: that you can kind of engage with it and kind

745
00:40:18,520 --> 00:40:21,200
Speaker 1: of let it partially guides you, even if you're not

746
00:40:21,280 --> 00:40:24,640
Speaker 1: a die hard believer, or even maybe if you wouldn't

747
00:40:24,640 --> 00:40:27,840
Speaker 1: even admit to believing. I don't know, I do not

748
00:40:28,000 --> 00:40:29,520
Speaker 1: think by the way, I mean, we should go ahead

749
00:40:29,520 --> 00:40:32,120
Speaker 1: and say this, there is any good evidence that personality

750
00:40:32,160 --> 00:40:36,360
Speaker 1: traits are strongly or even moderately correlated with blood types.

751
00:40:36,640 --> 00:40:40,760
Speaker 1: There may be a small number of extremely weak correlations,

752
00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,719
Speaker 1: but even that seems uncertain. I was just looking at

753
00:40:43,760 --> 00:40:48,240
Speaker 1: one study by Kingo Nawata called no relationship between blood

754
00:40:48,239 --> 00:40:51,400
Speaker 1: type and personality evidence from a large scale evidence from

755
00:40:51,480 --> 00:40:54,320
Speaker 1: large scale surveys in Japan and the US. In the

756
00:40:54,400 --> 00:40:57,640
Speaker 1: Japanese Journal of Psychology in two thousand and fourteen. The

757
00:40:57,680 --> 00:41:01,239
Speaker 1: author here writes that the relationship between personality and the

758
00:41:01,320 --> 00:41:04,560
Speaker 1: A B O blood type is popular in Japan, but

759
00:41:04,760 --> 00:41:08,440
Speaker 1: there has previously been no empirical substantiation for the belief,

760
00:41:08,920 --> 00:41:12,040
Speaker 1: and so this study is a secondary analysis of data

761
00:41:12,080 --> 00:41:15,719
Speaker 1: collected for more than ten thousand American and Japanese subjects

762
00:41:15,719 --> 00:41:17,800
Speaker 1: in the years two thousand four and two thousand five,

763
00:41:18,400 --> 00:41:22,640
Speaker 1: and of sixty eight personality traits or items assessed, there

764
00:41:22,760 --> 00:41:26,440
Speaker 1: was no significant difference between blood group types for sixty

765
00:41:26,520 --> 00:41:29,640
Speaker 1: five of those sixty eight traits, and I guess small

766
00:41:29,719 --> 00:41:32,520
Speaker 1: effects observed for the other three, which could still turn

767
00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:35,440
Speaker 1: out to be errors. So basically, at best, the author

768
00:41:35,480 --> 00:41:39,000
Speaker 1: rights quote blood type explained less than zero point three

769
00:41:39,040 --> 00:41:42,759
Speaker 1: percent of total variants in personality. These results showed the

770
00:41:42,800 --> 00:41:46,120
Speaker 1: non relevance of blood type for personality. So the bottom

771
00:41:46,200 --> 00:41:48,839
Speaker 1: line is that the relationship between blood type and personality

772
00:41:48,840 --> 00:41:51,760
Speaker 1: seems to be somewhere within the range of extremely weak

773
00:41:51,840 --> 00:41:55,160
Speaker 1: to non existent. And yet you will find plenty of

774
00:41:55,200 --> 00:41:58,560
Speaker 1: popular books on this subject. You'll find websites that offer

775
00:41:58,760 --> 00:42:01,759
Speaker 1: you know, guides, I've on stuff even in English. I

776
00:42:01,760 --> 00:42:05,560
Speaker 1: guess uh, for helping people get acquainted with Japanese culture

777
00:42:05,640 --> 00:42:09,000
Speaker 1: and showing you know, stuff about like blood type compatibility

778
00:42:09,080 --> 00:42:12,200
Speaker 1: between different personalities. I guess we'll refer to that more

779
00:42:12,200 --> 00:42:14,440
Speaker 1: in a minute. But apparently much of the interest in

780
00:42:14,480 --> 00:42:18,040
Speaker 1: blood type personality stuff comes from a series of books

781
00:42:18,440 --> 00:42:21,640
Speaker 1: beginning in the nineteen seventies by a Japanese journalist and

782
00:42:21,719 --> 00:42:25,120
Speaker 1: named Massa Hico Nomi. And this was not a guy

783
00:42:25,160 --> 00:42:27,640
Speaker 1: with any scientific credentials, by the way, but there are

784
00:42:27,640 --> 00:42:30,040
Speaker 1: a ton of books by different authors on this subject.

785
00:42:30,239 --> 00:42:33,000
Speaker 1: Apparently up until the present day, this remains sort of

786
00:42:33,040 --> 00:42:36,799
Speaker 1: a popular genre of life advice, you know, when it

787
00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:40,400
Speaker 1: comes to things like life advice and and and ultimately

788
00:42:40,440 --> 00:42:43,440
Speaker 1: some of the more supernatural, uh, you know, things we

789
00:42:43,560 --> 00:42:46,160
Speaker 1: turned to be at a you know, astrology or something else.

790
00:42:47,000 --> 00:42:48,200
Speaker 1: I think, you know, a lot of it is just

791
00:42:48,239 --> 00:42:50,799
Speaker 1: coming from this idea that you know, people, I think

792
00:42:50,840 --> 00:42:52,839
Speaker 1: you know, you just feel paralyzed by choice. You need

793
00:42:52,920 --> 00:42:55,880
Speaker 1: something to guide you be at the stars or the

794
00:42:55,880 --> 00:42:58,759
Speaker 1: secrets in your blood or whatever is being you know,

795
00:42:58,800 --> 00:43:01,480
Speaker 1: related to you. And and yeah, I mean I understand

796
00:43:01,480 --> 00:43:03,239
Speaker 1: that it could feel it can feel liberating to have

797
00:43:03,480 --> 00:43:05,839
Speaker 1: have something tell you you know what you should do,

798
00:43:06,239 --> 00:43:08,319
Speaker 1: or to just sort of back up some sort of

799
00:43:08,440 --> 00:43:12,359
Speaker 1: core belief about yourself. I think there's another thing at

800
00:43:12,360 --> 00:43:14,919
Speaker 1: work here that lines up perfectly with that, and I'll

801
00:43:14,920 --> 00:43:16,920
Speaker 1: come back to it in just a minute. But I

802
00:43:16,960 --> 00:43:19,680
Speaker 1: wanted to look specifically, like, well, what are the blood

803
00:43:19,680 --> 00:43:22,400
Speaker 1: types believed to be correlated with? Like if you believe

804
00:43:22,440 --> 00:43:25,200
Speaker 1: in this, what what does it tell you about yourself? Uh?

805
00:43:25,280 --> 00:43:28,640
Speaker 1: It seems complicated and somewhat variable, Like I was finding

806
00:43:28,640 --> 00:43:32,240
Speaker 1: different descriptions of the blood type personalities that didn't seem

807
00:43:32,239 --> 00:43:34,480
Speaker 1: to exactly match up with each other. Though I find

808
00:43:34,520 --> 00:43:36,400
Speaker 1: this is the same thing when I look at personality

809
00:43:36,440 --> 00:43:40,760
Speaker 1: assessments due to the due to the zodiac signs and astrology. Um.

810
00:43:40,800 --> 00:43:44,080
Speaker 1: But according to a BBC article I was reading by

811
00:43:44,160 --> 00:43:47,480
Speaker 1: Ruth Evans on the subject, UH just gives a list

812
00:43:47,520 --> 00:43:50,960
Speaker 1: of examples. Quote. According to popular belief in Japan, type

813
00:43:51,000 --> 00:43:56,160
Speaker 1: a's are sensitive, perfectionists and good team players, but over anxious.

814
00:43:56,560 --> 00:44:00,400
Speaker 1: Type OH is there curious and generous but stubborn. A

815
00:44:00,560 --> 00:44:04,080
Speaker 1: B is our ard but mysterious and unpredictable, and type

816
00:44:04,080 --> 00:44:09,160
Speaker 1: b is are cheerful but eccentric, individualistic and selfish. Um

817
00:44:09,440 --> 00:44:13,400
Speaker 1: And also to add to that roughly fort of people

818
00:44:13,400 --> 00:44:16,840
Speaker 1: in Japan are Type A, about thirty percent er Type OH,

819
00:44:16,880 --> 00:44:19,600
Speaker 1: about twenty percent er Type B, and about ten percent

820
00:44:19,680 --> 00:44:22,799
Speaker 1: or Type A B. I also found a chart for

821
00:44:22,840 --> 00:44:27,319
Speaker 1: blood types with positive traits and negative traits correlated here

822
00:44:27,680 --> 00:44:30,719
Speaker 1: from a website called Tofugu, which I think is like

823
00:44:30,760 --> 00:44:34,400
Speaker 1: a It's an English language website for people who want to, uh,

824
00:44:34,560 --> 00:44:37,440
Speaker 1: maybe travel to Japan and learn about Japanese culture, and

825
00:44:37,800 --> 00:44:39,839
Speaker 1: it's sharing a bunch of stuff here like it says

826
00:44:39,920 --> 00:44:43,280
Speaker 1: that people with blood type A, uh, they're positive traits

827
00:44:43,280 --> 00:44:45,720
Speaker 1: are that they're earnest in their neat but they're negative

828
00:44:45,760 --> 00:44:49,480
Speaker 1: traits are that they are stubborn and they're anxious. People

829
00:44:49,480 --> 00:44:51,719
Speaker 1: with blood type OH, here you go, Robert. You are

830
00:44:51,920 --> 00:44:54,719
Speaker 1: easy going and you've got leadership ability. Well, I think

831
00:44:54,719 --> 00:44:56,839
Speaker 1: I have one of those things, not the second one.

832
00:44:57,960 --> 00:45:01,279
Speaker 1: But you're also insensitive and un punctual. I think I'm

833
00:45:01,360 --> 00:45:05,719
Speaker 1: very sensitive and I'm semi punctual, So yeah, I don't

834
00:45:05,719 --> 00:45:07,560
Speaker 1: think that lines up with me at all. But it

835
00:45:07,640 --> 00:45:10,279
Speaker 1: also says, uh, Type B here is supposed to be

836
00:45:10,280 --> 00:45:14,720
Speaker 1: passionate and creative, but also selfish and uncooperative, and type

837
00:45:14,719 --> 00:45:19,280
Speaker 1: A B is talented and composed, but eccentric and two faced.

838
00:45:20,239 --> 00:45:22,960
Speaker 1: That sounds really negative now, but but then again we

839
00:45:23,000 --> 00:45:25,560
Speaker 1: also have to look at the ratio, at least the

840
00:45:25,600 --> 00:45:29,840
Speaker 1: presented ratio that one finds in Japan. So this probably

841
00:45:29,840 --> 00:45:33,440
Speaker 1: becomes a situation where if you have blood types occurring

842
00:45:33,480 --> 00:45:37,399
Speaker 1: at certain percentages within a given culture, then you can

843
00:45:37,440 --> 00:45:40,840
Speaker 1: also match that up with social norms in a given culture.

844
00:45:41,320 --> 00:45:44,600
Speaker 1: And since a B is amounting to just ten here,

845
00:45:44,920 --> 00:45:46,520
Speaker 1: then yeah, you can go ahead and say that those

846
00:45:46,560 --> 00:45:49,279
Speaker 1: are the eccentric and the two faced people for such

847
00:45:49,320 --> 00:45:52,680
Speaker 1: a small section of society anyway, they're the artsy weirdos,

848
00:45:52,800 --> 00:45:54,799
Speaker 1: and and so you might think, well, okay with that

849
00:45:54,840 --> 00:45:56,960
Speaker 1: more or less lines up. So the thing that I

850
00:45:57,080 --> 00:46:00,439
Speaker 1: detect in this um pretty much exactly the same way

851
00:46:00,520 --> 00:46:04,080
Speaker 1: that I detected in uh in astrology generally, is that

852
00:46:04,440 --> 00:46:07,960
Speaker 1: there's a good bit of the forror effect to work here. Now,

853
00:46:08,000 --> 00:46:10,320
Speaker 1: we did a whole episode about the four or effect

854
00:46:10,320 --> 00:46:13,160
Speaker 1: a few years back, and I remember very thinking very

855
00:46:13,160 --> 00:46:14,640
Speaker 1: fondly of that one. I think that was a lot

856
00:46:14,640 --> 00:46:18,120
Speaker 1: of fun. But in short, this is a psychological phenomenon

857
00:46:18,160 --> 00:46:22,480
Speaker 1: in which people have the tendency to interpret vague general

858
00:46:22,600 --> 00:46:29,919
Speaker 1: assessments and predictions as specific and highly accurate statements about themselves. Right,

859
00:46:30,000 --> 00:46:33,520
Speaker 1: so you can say something that would apply to almost anybody,

860
00:46:33,640 --> 00:46:35,719
Speaker 1: saying like, you know, oh, it turns out people with

861
00:46:35,760 --> 00:46:39,680
Speaker 1: your blood type are it can be sometimes insensitive, but

862
00:46:39,800 --> 00:46:43,160
Speaker 1: also are passionate about whatever. You know, Like, give a

863
00:46:43,200 --> 00:46:48,080
Speaker 1: list of characteristics and everybody will just say, yeah, yeah,

864
00:46:48,160 --> 00:46:51,480
Speaker 1: that's me. How do they know so much about me? Uh?

865
00:46:51,600 --> 00:46:54,840
Speaker 1: This was demonstrated in this original experiment by this American

866
00:46:54,840 --> 00:46:58,319
Speaker 1: psychologist named bertram For when he had his students take

867
00:46:58,320 --> 00:47:01,160
Speaker 1: a personality test and then he later handed back the

868
00:47:01,239 --> 00:47:04,640
Speaker 1: quote results of their test and asked the students to

869
00:47:04,760 --> 00:47:08,400
Speaker 1: rate how specific and accurate the characterizations from the results

870
00:47:08,440 --> 00:47:11,360
Speaker 1: were to them individually, and for the most part of

871
00:47:11,360 --> 00:47:14,480
Speaker 1: the students were like, wow, yes, this is really describing me.

872
00:47:14,920 --> 00:47:18,279
Speaker 1: In fact, for had handed back the exact same personality

873
00:47:18,320 --> 00:47:21,200
Speaker 1: assessments to every student in the class, and there was

874
00:47:21,280 --> 00:47:23,640
Speaker 1: no correlation between their answers on the test and the

875
00:47:23,640 --> 00:47:26,799
Speaker 1: results they got. Obviously this probably led to lots of

876
00:47:26,840 --> 00:47:30,040
Speaker 1: nervous laughter, but I think this certainly rings true. I mean,

877
00:47:30,080 --> 00:47:33,799
Speaker 1: people are so hungry for personality tests and stuff. We

878
00:47:33,800 --> 00:47:38,400
Speaker 1: we have a natural eagerness to interpret vague general statements

879
00:47:38,440 --> 00:47:42,120
Speaker 1: as applying specifically to us in particular and being like,

880
00:47:42,200 --> 00:47:44,920
Speaker 1: yoh yeah, that is me. They got me. Yeah, I mean,

881
00:47:45,080 --> 00:47:48,200
Speaker 1: and probably more so than ever with the sort of

882
00:47:48,200 --> 00:47:50,799
Speaker 1: online live so many of us lead, you know, we

883
00:47:50,840 --> 00:47:55,799
Speaker 1: want without actual personal interaction with someone, we want we

884
00:47:55,840 --> 00:47:58,680
Speaker 1: want something to tell us. That's some sort of feedback mechanism.

885
00:47:59,080 --> 00:48:01,480
Speaker 1: And so then when you're old, oh well, your negative

886
00:48:01,520 --> 00:48:04,120
Speaker 1: traits are that you're insensitive and your unpunctual, you may

887
00:48:04,120 --> 00:48:07,120
Speaker 1: be inclined into instead of saying, oh, well I'm actually sensitive,

888
00:48:07,360 --> 00:48:10,040
Speaker 1: you know, um, screw off, you're gonna say, well, wait,

889
00:48:10,280 --> 00:48:13,600
Speaker 1: in what ways am I insensitive? Like there's one right there.

890
00:48:13,640 --> 00:48:16,440
Speaker 1: I just remembered one sort of thing. And that's exactly

891
00:48:16,480 --> 00:48:20,200
Speaker 1: what Bertram for said. So he was assessing these results

892
00:48:20,200 --> 00:48:22,600
Speaker 1: he found and he said, you know, what's going on

893
00:48:22,680 --> 00:48:25,439
Speaker 1: here he thinks is a combination of what he calls

894
00:48:25,600 --> 00:48:29,319
Speaker 1: universal validity and subjective validation, or I think he called

895
00:48:29,360 --> 00:48:33,520
Speaker 1: it personal validation, but more recent research calls it subjective validation.

896
00:48:33,760 --> 00:48:36,840
Speaker 1: And basically this means that as for rights, the universal

897
00:48:37,239 --> 00:48:41,480
Speaker 1: validity trade is that quote, virtually every psychological trait can

898
00:48:41,520 --> 00:48:45,799
Speaker 1: be observed in some degree in everyone. So like any

899
00:48:45,880 --> 00:48:49,680
Speaker 1: psychological statement you could make, you can find examples in

900
00:48:49,719 --> 00:48:52,880
Speaker 1: your own autobiography for which it's true. One of one

901
00:48:52,920 --> 00:48:55,640
Speaker 1: of my my favorite examples of this. And I feel like,

902
00:48:56,200 --> 00:49:00,080
Speaker 1: I mean, I'm certainly guilty of this as well, the

903
00:49:00,160 --> 00:49:04,200
Speaker 1: use of the word sociopath. Uhum. And when we've discussed

904
00:49:04,239 --> 00:49:07,279
Speaker 1: sociopaths and psychopaths and what these terms actually mean on

905
00:49:07,320 --> 00:49:10,719
Speaker 1: the show before, but in a general sense, there is

906
00:49:10,760 --> 00:49:14,200
Speaker 1: a tendency to just throw the word around at other

907
00:49:14,200 --> 00:49:16,319
Speaker 1: people but also at your own self where you're like, oh,

908
00:49:16,320 --> 00:49:19,160
Speaker 1: my goodness, and I and my a sociopath? Was was

909
00:49:19,200 --> 00:49:21,360
Speaker 1: I acting like a sociopath the other day when I

910
00:49:21,360 --> 00:49:23,520
Speaker 1: did this or the other? Uh? You know, we we

911
00:49:23,600 --> 00:49:27,040
Speaker 1: have this tendency to lean into those terms for you know,

912
00:49:27,120 --> 00:49:31,360
Speaker 1: for either regarding ourselves or to mold our perceptions of

913
00:49:31,400 --> 00:49:34,560
Speaker 1: other people to fit them. A sociopath is somebody who

914
00:49:34,600 --> 00:49:37,920
Speaker 1: behaves like a sociopath most or all of the time,

915
00:49:38,239 --> 00:49:40,799
Speaker 1: as opposed to you who behave like a sociopath only

916
00:49:40,840 --> 00:49:44,640
Speaker 1: some of the ten percent of the time. Yeah. Um.

917
00:49:44,680 --> 00:49:46,880
Speaker 1: But the other thing he says that's paired with this,

918
00:49:46,960 --> 00:49:50,279
Speaker 1: So every psychological trait you find to some degree in

919
00:49:50,320 --> 00:49:52,640
Speaker 1: almost everybody. But then he says, on top of that,

920
00:49:52,680 --> 00:49:55,880
Speaker 1: there's subjective validation, which is that this is what you

921
00:49:55,920 --> 00:49:58,000
Speaker 1: were just alluding to. When you search through your own

922
00:49:58,000 --> 00:50:01,520
Speaker 1: autobiography and your mental picture or of yourself to judge

923
00:50:01,560 --> 00:50:04,560
Speaker 1: whether a personality statement applies to you, you've been a

924
00:50:04,680 --> 00:50:07,480
Speaker 1: huge number of memories and instances to draw from and

925
00:50:07,560 --> 00:50:11,560
Speaker 1: no real way of judging whether a personality assessment statement

926
00:50:11,560 --> 00:50:14,000
Speaker 1: applies better to you than it does to other people.

927
00:50:14,440 --> 00:50:17,080
Speaker 1: So imagine if I tell you, because of your blood type,

928
00:50:17,080 --> 00:50:19,880
Speaker 1: you have a tendency to be generous but also stubborn.

929
00:50:20,719 --> 00:50:24,520
Speaker 1: Because of universal validity, almost anybody can think of examples

930
00:50:24,520 --> 00:50:27,799
Speaker 1: of times when they were both generous and stubborn. And

931
00:50:27,880 --> 00:50:32,040
Speaker 1: because of subjective validation, you'll have lots of opportunities in

932
00:50:32,040 --> 00:50:35,080
Speaker 1: your memories to find examples of yourself displaying both of

933
00:50:35,120 --> 00:50:38,680
Speaker 1: these traits, as well as difficulty judging whether you actually

934
00:50:38,719 --> 00:50:41,719
Speaker 1: display those traits more or less than other people do.

935
00:50:42,280 --> 00:50:44,640
Speaker 1: I mean, because you know more about yourself than you

936
00:50:44,680 --> 00:50:47,279
Speaker 1: know about all other people, you'll probably just have the

937
00:50:47,280 --> 00:50:51,320
Speaker 1: tendency to find more examples of any trait within yourself

938
00:50:51,400 --> 00:50:53,879
Speaker 1: than you would normally see in others. But I think,

939
00:50:54,000 --> 00:50:57,480
Speaker 1: especially if the traits are flattering, I think, but it

940
00:50:57,560 --> 00:50:59,920
Speaker 1: also drives home just how if if an individual is

941
00:51:00,040 --> 00:51:02,920
Speaker 1: it then too narcissism, how easy it is to feed

942
00:51:02,920 --> 00:51:06,360
Speaker 1: that narcissism. And likewise, if one is given to self

943
00:51:06,400 --> 00:51:09,880
Speaker 1: deprecation or just outright depression, like there's always going to

944
00:51:09,960 --> 00:51:12,240
Speaker 1: be plenty of stuff to feed that as well. Yeah, totally.

945
00:51:13,040 --> 00:51:15,040
Speaker 1: But one aspect that I think is interesting about the

946
00:51:15,040 --> 00:51:18,760
Speaker 1: blood type personality myth in particular as opposed to say

947
00:51:19,440 --> 00:51:23,400
Speaker 1: Western astrology or zodiac signs, is that it seems a

948
00:51:23,440 --> 00:51:27,800
Speaker 1: little more biologically plausible, Like it's something about real genetic

949
00:51:27,800 --> 00:51:30,360
Speaker 1: traits within the body. If blood type is a heritable

950
00:51:30,440 --> 00:51:33,920
Speaker 1: biological trait, which it is, why couldn't certain aspects of

951
00:51:33,960 --> 00:51:38,440
Speaker 1: personality be biologically inherited in some correlated way? Like the

952
00:51:38,480 --> 00:51:43,200
Speaker 1: idea isn't inherently implausible, It just doesn't seem to be true. Yeah,

953
00:51:43,280 --> 00:51:45,439
Speaker 1: I mean it's it's it's leaning into the idea of

954
00:51:45,320 --> 00:51:49,719
Speaker 1: the mind body connection, which is is a reality. But

955
00:51:50,080 --> 00:51:52,799
Speaker 1: but that doesn't mean that every invocation of the mind

956
00:51:52,840 --> 00:51:57,200
Speaker 1: body connection is is scientifically authentic. Sure, well, I mean

957
00:51:57,560 --> 00:52:01,480
Speaker 1: there are there's evidence of some coral lation between mammalian

958
00:52:01,520 --> 00:52:05,319
Speaker 1: gut flora and personality traits. So uh so, like, if

959
00:52:05,360 --> 00:52:07,799
Speaker 1: that could be going on, why couldn't blood type be

960
00:52:08,360 --> 00:52:11,640
Speaker 1: correlated with personality traits. It's not that it's impossible, it

961
00:52:11,760 --> 00:52:14,440
Speaker 1: just does not seem to be the case. Now, another

962
00:52:14,560 --> 00:52:18,360
Speaker 1: area that one will sometimes find some life advice tied

963
00:52:18,440 --> 00:52:21,560
Speaker 1: up with blood type is in the domain of diet.

964
00:52:22,040 --> 00:52:25,160
Speaker 1: Oh boy, yep. It's been argued that different blood types

965
00:52:25,200 --> 00:52:28,840
Speaker 1: benefit from different diets, and this idea was popularized in

966
00:52:28,880 --> 00:52:31,840
Speaker 1: the book Eat Right for Your Type, written by naturopath

967
00:52:32,080 --> 00:52:37,520
Speaker 1: Peter di Atamo. So basically it draws on this idea

968
00:52:37,600 --> 00:52:41,640
Speaker 1: that like each blood type is kind of it kind

969
00:52:41,640 --> 00:52:46,360
Speaker 1: of ties you to a specific archetype of of ancient

970
00:52:46,440 --> 00:52:50,839
Speaker 1: human identity, which which is not true, right right, not

971
00:52:50,880 --> 00:52:54,399
Speaker 1: true like our our blood types evolutionarily or traced back

972
00:52:54,440 --> 00:52:58,160
Speaker 1: to our like ape like ancestors, that they go back

973
00:52:58,239 --> 00:53:01,680
Speaker 1: that far. It's not it's not from like what profession

974
00:53:01,760 --> 00:53:04,840
Speaker 1: your great great grandparents have, right, So Like, for instance,

975
00:53:04,840 --> 00:53:08,160
Speaker 1: it's it's presented that Type a's are agrarians and they

976
00:53:08,200 --> 00:53:12,920
Speaker 1: need an agrarian diet that's essentially devoid of meat, bees,

977
00:53:13,080 --> 00:53:15,360
Speaker 1: are no bads who can eat meat but need to

978
00:53:15,360 --> 00:53:19,880
Speaker 1: avoid wheat, corn, lentils, etcetera. A. Bees are enigmas and

979
00:53:19,920 --> 00:53:23,320
Speaker 1: they just have to avoid kidney, beans, corn, beef, and chicken.

980
00:53:23,640 --> 00:53:27,520
Speaker 1: And meanwhile, typos are hunters and basically need a paleo diet,

981
00:53:27,560 --> 00:53:30,600
Speaker 1: so limited grains, lagoons and dairy but less of protein.

982
00:53:31,640 --> 00:53:36,640
Speaker 1: So that would make me a hunter. But but then again, okay,

983
00:53:36,680 --> 00:53:39,399
Speaker 1: so you know, one might say, well, okay, maybe with

984
00:53:39,400 --> 00:53:42,359
Speaker 1: without leaning as much on this idea of you know,

985
00:53:42,680 --> 00:53:45,320
Speaker 1: these archetypes, but maybe there is still something to it,

986
00:53:45,360 --> 00:53:47,640
Speaker 1: because again, our blood is our body, it's part of

987
00:53:47,640 --> 00:53:50,080
Speaker 1: our body, it's part of our system. Perhaps there is

988
00:53:50,120 --> 00:53:54,200
Speaker 1: some connection between different blood types and different dietary requirements.

989
00:53:54,239 --> 00:53:57,040
Speaker 1: Sure could be the case it but it again does

990
00:53:57,080 --> 00:54:00,000
Speaker 1: not seem to actually be the case. Right. So there

991
00:54:00,320 --> 00:54:02,800
Speaker 1: there are, as far as I can tell, no studies

992
00:54:03,520 --> 00:54:06,719
Speaker 1: that that back this up. Uh. There has There's been

993
00:54:06,760 --> 00:54:09,920
Speaker 1: at least one study that has set out to debunk it. Uh.

994
00:54:09,920 --> 00:54:12,560
Speaker 1: In two thousand fourteen study came out of the University

995
00:54:12,560 --> 00:54:14,880
Speaker 1: of Toronto. They found that blood type had nothing to

996
00:54:14,920 --> 00:54:16,560
Speaker 1: do with it, but rather, you know, it comes down

997
00:54:16,560 --> 00:54:20,960
Speaker 1: to sticking to a reasonable vegetarian and low carb diet. Now,

998
00:54:20,960 --> 00:54:24,759
Speaker 1: it's only a study of one thousand, four hundred study participants,

999
00:54:25,800 --> 00:54:27,919
Speaker 1: but then again, there's not a lot of research out there.

1000
00:54:28,200 --> 00:54:31,200
Speaker 1: This is one of the studies that does exist, and

1001
00:54:31,440 --> 00:54:35,080
Speaker 1: it certainly argues that there's there's nothing to this idea

1002
00:54:35,160 --> 00:54:38,359
Speaker 1: that diet needs to line up with your blood type. Yeah,

1003
00:54:38,440 --> 00:54:40,600
Speaker 1: and the basis of it on the idea of like

1004
00:54:40,719 --> 00:54:44,560
Speaker 1: humans as certain types of like natural professions and your

1005
00:54:44,560 --> 00:54:48,040
Speaker 1: blood that again, that's the basis is wrong. Yeah. Now,

1006
00:54:48,080 --> 00:54:50,160
Speaker 1: on on the other hand, it's often pointed out that,

1007
00:54:50,400 --> 00:54:53,880
Speaker 1: you know, many people probably picked up this book, followed

1008
00:54:53,880 --> 00:54:58,160
Speaker 1: the dietary advice that was included, and experienced improvements in

1009
00:54:58,200 --> 00:55:00,520
Speaker 1: their health. Uh. And a part of it comes down

1010
00:55:00,560 --> 00:55:02,920
Speaker 1: to the fact that if you're if you do not

1011
00:55:03,080 --> 00:55:04,880
Speaker 1: have any kind of a managed diet at all, if

1012
00:55:04,880 --> 00:55:09,120
Speaker 1: you're perhaps eating poorly, and then you start, you know,

1013
00:55:09,239 --> 00:55:13,200
Speaker 1: eating a largely vegetarian diet based on your blood type,

1014
00:55:13,760 --> 00:55:15,960
Speaker 1: you're still going to you're gonna see a shift in

1015
00:55:15,960 --> 00:55:18,920
Speaker 1: your overall health because now you were following a diet,

1016
00:55:19,360 --> 00:55:22,480
Speaker 1: you're probably following a healthier diet. Now you might be

1017
00:55:22,560 --> 00:55:25,000
Speaker 1: using it, you might be employing this diet for a

1018
00:55:25,040 --> 00:55:28,920
Speaker 1: reason that is not scientifically validated. But the idea that

1019
00:55:28,960 --> 00:55:31,120
Speaker 1: you could cut down on carbs and eat more vegetables

1020
00:55:31,440 --> 00:55:34,719
Speaker 1: and improve your health, well, that's that's nothing. There's no

1021
00:55:34,760 --> 00:55:37,360
Speaker 1: superstition there. Yeah. I think I was reading one article

1022
00:55:37,520 --> 00:55:40,160
Speaker 1: that said that some research on this just found that

1023
00:55:40,200 --> 00:55:43,560
Speaker 1: everybody should follow the blood type a diet or whatever,

1024
00:55:43,920 --> 00:55:45,800
Speaker 1: like it didn't have anything to do with blood type.

1025
00:55:45,920 --> 00:55:48,279
Speaker 1: Is just that, like some of these diets are going

1026
00:55:48,320 --> 00:55:50,719
Speaker 1: to be better than others. Yeah, but but again we

1027
00:55:50,960 --> 00:55:52,200
Speaker 1: have to come back to the fact that we can

1028
00:55:52,280 --> 00:55:55,440
Speaker 1: you can definitely see why this idea is appealing. Like,

1029
00:55:55,520 --> 00:55:57,760
Speaker 1: there is this idea that there is a there's essentially

1030
00:55:57,760 --> 00:55:59,759
Speaker 1: a code in your blood, there's a secret language in

1031
00:55:59,800 --> 00:56:03,120
Speaker 1: your blood. And now that we know that language, we can,

1032
00:56:03,360 --> 00:56:05,880
Speaker 1: you know, we can better prepare for our personality, for

1033
00:56:05,920 --> 00:56:09,640
Speaker 1: our we can better choose a diet based on this information.

1034
00:56:09,760 --> 00:56:12,680
Speaker 1: But it's not really the case. I think the idea

1035
00:56:12,719 --> 00:56:15,759
Speaker 1: of diets tailored to an individual person and not not

1036
00:56:15,840 --> 00:56:18,280
Speaker 1: just the same diet for everybody, that there is something

1037
00:56:18,320 --> 00:56:21,400
Speaker 1: to that, but again, not that it has anything to

1038
00:56:21,480 --> 00:56:23,560
Speaker 1: do with blood type, right, I mean, you're gonna have

1039
00:56:23,600 --> 00:56:24,960
Speaker 1: a host of issues there too. I mean, people are

1040
00:56:25,000 --> 00:56:27,640
Speaker 1: gonna have different allergies obviously that are going to come

1041
00:56:27,680 --> 00:56:30,680
Speaker 1: into play. Um uh, you know, which is again just

1042
00:56:30,719 --> 00:56:33,760
Speaker 1: comes down to the complexity of our of our immune

1043
00:56:33,760 --> 00:56:36,520
Speaker 1: systems for the most part. But imagine this were true

1044
00:56:36,600 --> 00:56:39,000
Speaker 1: and impar it with what you were talking about earlier

1045
00:56:39,000 --> 00:56:43,120
Speaker 1: about technologies to change blood types. This would be leading

1046
00:56:43,120 --> 00:56:45,440
Speaker 1: obviously to a future where everybody is trying to get

1047
00:56:45,480 --> 00:56:48,799
Speaker 1: the Would it be cosmetic surgery, the elective surgery to

1048
00:56:48,960 --> 00:56:52,279
Speaker 1: transform their blood into the pastry group? Thoh yeah, well

1049
00:56:52,320 --> 00:56:54,560
Speaker 1: that would be a step beyond even what because I

1050
00:56:54,680 --> 00:56:56,359
Speaker 1: believe the research I was looking at was talking about

1051
00:56:56,600 --> 00:57:00,319
Speaker 1: changing blood after it has been removed. But again, as

1052
00:57:00,360 --> 00:57:02,640
Speaker 1: long as we're you know, cranking the time machine forward,

1053
00:57:03,200 --> 00:57:06,400
Speaker 1: I imagine, I imagine somebody is probably speculated on a

1054
00:57:06,440 --> 00:57:08,719
Speaker 1: time when you could you could make those alterations to

1055
00:57:09,360 --> 00:57:11,560
Speaker 1: a human being as well. So I guess it'd be

1056
00:57:11,560 --> 00:57:14,680
Speaker 1: easier just to change the blood, right, I mean, I guess,

1057
00:57:15,000 --> 00:57:16,360
Speaker 1: I don't know how would you want it? If you

1058
00:57:16,360 --> 00:57:19,760
Speaker 1: were doing you're sending a crew out to another planet

1059
00:57:19,800 --> 00:57:23,240
Speaker 1: on a lengthy space uh a journey, would you want

1060
00:57:23,240 --> 00:57:25,240
Speaker 1: everybody to have the same blood type? Would you want

1061
00:57:25,480 --> 00:57:28,320
Speaker 1: an array of blood types? My guess is that blood

1062
00:57:28,320 --> 00:57:31,320
Speaker 1: types would be a fairly low priority when selecting the crew.

1063
00:57:32,320 --> 00:57:34,800
Speaker 1: That's a boring answer, unless you're going to the Planet

1064
00:57:34,800 --> 00:57:38,040
Speaker 1: of the Vampires. Oh, what a great movie, in which

1065
00:57:38,080 --> 00:57:39,960
Speaker 1: case it could become a factor. Though I don't remember.

1066
00:57:40,000 --> 00:57:41,920
Speaker 1: Did that film actually have vampires in it? Or are

1067
00:57:41,960 --> 00:57:45,600
Speaker 1: they more zombies? There's sort of vampires. Yeah, yeah, it

1068
00:57:45,720 --> 00:57:48,560
Speaker 1: had these uh, these spirits inhabit. Oh. Man, what a

1069
00:57:48,560 --> 00:57:51,320
Speaker 1: great movie. That movie's got killer cost of costumes are

1070
00:57:51,360 --> 00:57:54,320
Speaker 1: the main thing I remember. Now you can watch the

1071
00:57:54,360 --> 00:57:56,960
Speaker 1: movie on mute and it's almost as good. Is that

1072
00:57:57,040 --> 00:58:00,800
Speaker 1: Mario Baba? Yeah? I think I Actually we just watched

1073
00:58:00,840 --> 00:58:04,600
Speaker 1: another Mario Boba movie last night. Yeah, we watched Black Sunday.

1074
00:58:04,880 --> 00:58:07,000
Speaker 1: You know that one. I know of it. I've seen

1075
00:58:07,440 --> 00:58:09,560
Speaker 1: It's got that very distinctive cover art, but I've never

1076
00:58:09,600 --> 00:58:12,200
Speaker 1: seen it. Oh, you should see it sometimes. Nineteen sixty.

1077
00:58:12,280 --> 00:58:16,959
Speaker 1: It's black and white, super creepy, very unusual to see

1078
00:58:17,000 --> 00:58:20,080
Speaker 1: a black and white movie from as early as it was.

1079
00:58:20,200 --> 00:58:23,440
Speaker 1: That's as gruesome and gory as it is, but in

1080
00:58:23,440 --> 00:58:26,440
Speaker 1: a good way. I would say, pretty big thumbs up

1081
00:58:26,480 --> 00:58:31,000
Speaker 1: to Black Sunday. It's it's creepy and also funny. It's

1082
00:58:31,040 --> 00:58:33,640
Speaker 1: got a it's got this great professor character who just

1083
00:58:33,680 --> 00:58:37,120
Speaker 1: goes about smashing things, Like goes into an old ruin

1084
00:58:37,240 --> 00:58:39,600
Speaker 1: and there's a wind blowing through some organ pipes and

1085
00:58:39,600 --> 00:58:42,480
Speaker 1: he just smashes them with his cane and he smashes

1086
00:58:42,520 --> 00:58:46,120
Speaker 1: a tombstone. Well, speaking of smashing tombstones, I think it's

1087
00:58:46,160 --> 00:58:49,439
Speaker 1: time to close this episode out. Okay, So I'm really

1088
00:58:49,560 --> 00:58:51,320
Speaker 1: it's also kind of surprised that we were able to

1089
00:58:51,320 --> 00:58:55,240
Speaker 1: do a vampire episode. Every time we do a vampire

1090
00:58:55,560 --> 00:58:58,640
Speaker 1: themed episode, I feel like, like that's it. We've exhausted

1091
00:58:58,640 --> 00:59:01,520
Speaker 1: the vampire possibility. Is nothing else we can cover that's

1092
00:59:01,520 --> 00:59:05,480
Speaker 1: even vampire flavored. I really enjoyed our vampire Clinic episodes

1093
00:59:05,600 --> 00:59:08,280
Speaker 1: last year. Those were good. Yeah. Yeah, I mean every

1094
00:59:08,320 --> 00:59:12,800
Speaker 1: time we we we dip back in to the vampire content,

1095
00:59:12,880 --> 00:59:15,480
Speaker 1: it's always it's always rewarding. But this one kind of

1096
00:59:15,480 --> 00:59:18,200
Speaker 1: took me by surprise. Uh. It was suggested that we

1097
00:59:18,240 --> 00:59:20,280
Speaker 1: do something on blood types, and then I'm like, oh,

1098
00:59:20,360 --> 00:59:23,520
Speaker 1: it's got to be vampire them and here we are. Wait,

1099
00:59:23,520 --> 00:59:28,640
Speaker 1: who suggested it? My wife suggested it? Okay, yeah, she

1100
00:59:28,720 --> 00:59:30,000
Speaker 1: was I was like, I don't know where we're going

1101
00:59:30,040 --> 00:59:31,560
Speaker 1: to record next week. We we gotta pick one of

1102
00:59:31,560 --> 00:59:34,040
Speaker 1: these Halloween topics. And she was like, oh, we should

1103
00:59:34,080 --> 00:59:36,120
Speaker 1: do blood types, and I like, well, yeah, that's that's

1104
00:59:36,120 --> 00:59:41,840
Speaker 1: true blood vampires, Halloween. It's perfect fit. And so there

1105
00:59:41,880 --> 00:59:44,680
Speaker 1: you have it. Obviously, we'd love to hear from everybody

1106
00:59:44,680 --> 00:59:46,840
Speaker 1: out there, because you all have blood, you all have

1107
00:59:46,920 --> 00:59:50,280
Speaker 1: experience with your blood, thoughts about your blood. Perhaps you

1108
00:59:50,280 --> 00:59:55,640
Speaker 1: have exposure to um blood type based diets, blood type

1109
00:59:55,680 --> 00:59:58,880
Speaker 1: based personality tests. You've all bathed in blood at some

1110
00:59:58,960 --> 01:00:02,000
Speaker 1: point and and in doing so noted the like the

1111
01:00:02,040 --> 01:00:04,880
Speaker 1: weird coagulations of the blood right, and you realize, oh,

1112
01:00:04,880 --> 01:00:09,200
Speaker 1: well they mixed. I requested, specifically requested on all a

1113
01:00:09,400 --> 01:00:12,040
Speaker 1: B bath and they gave me a little bit of

1114
01:00:12,080 --> 01:00:13,520
Speaker 1: A and a little bit of B. It's not the

1115
01:00:13,560 --> 01:00:16,840
Speaker 1: same thing, people, It's not the same thing of a vampire.

1116
01:00:16,880 --> 01:00:21,160
Speaker 1: Can tell uh. Also, maybe you've had a blood transfusion.

1117
01:00:21,680 --> 01:00:24,720
Speaker 1: You'd like to tell us about that as well. As always,

1118
01:00:24,720 --> 01:00:27,560
Speaker 1: you can find us in the normal places. And if

1119
01:00:27,560 --> 01:00:29,280
Speaker 1: you want to support the show, the best thing you

1120
01:00:29,320 --> 01:00:32,040
Speaker 1: can do is to rate and review stuff to blow

1121
01:00:32,080 --> 01:00:33,960
Speaker 1: your mind. Wherever you have the power to do so,

1122
01:00:34,280 --> 01:00:36,680
Speaker 1: and be sure to subscribe to Invention as well. That's

1123
01:00:36,680 --> 01:00:39,920
Speaker 1: our other podcast. It is a journey through human techno history,

1124
01:00:39,960 --> 01:00:42,720
Speaker 1: one invention at a time, which thanks as always to

1125
01:00:42,760 --> 01:00:46,360
Speaker 1: our excellent audio producer Seth Nicholas Johnson. If you would

1126
01:00:46,360 --> 01:00:48,200
Speaker 1: like to get in touch with us with feedback on

1127
01:00:48,280 --> 01:00:50,760
Speaker 1: this episode or any other, to suggest a topic for

1128
01:00:50,800 --> 01:00:53,040
Speaker 1: the future, or just to say hello, you can email

1129
01:00:53,120 --> 01:01:03,960
Speaker 1: us at contact at stuff to Blow your Mind dot com.

1130
01:01:04,040 --> 01:01:05,880
Speaker 1: Stuff to Blow Your Mind is a production of iHeart

1131
01:01:05,960 --> 01:01:08,640
Speaker 1: Radio's How Stuff Works. For more podcasts from my heart Radio,

1132
01:01:08,720 --> 01:01:11,320
Speaker 1: visit the i heart Radio app, Apple Podcasts, or wherever

1133
01:01:11,360 --> 01:01:23,880
Speaker 1: you listen to your favorite shows.