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Speaker 1: Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve Camray.

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Speaker 1: It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know?

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Speaker 1: From House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to

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Speaker 1: the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me as always is

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Speaker 1: Charles W. Chuck Bryant, which means that you're listening to

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Speaker 1: stuff you should know right this, straight ahead, as you've

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Speaker 1: been in a long time. My friend is very nice.

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Speaker 1: Thanks you think, Yeah, I try to mix it up

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Speaker 1: every once in a while. We consider it mixed. Thanks. Um.

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Speaker 1: I will as a matter of fact from this point forward,

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Speaker 1: Chuck um quick who discovered America? Christopher Columbus. Yeah, even

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Speaker 1: if you qualify it by saying what European discovered America? Uh,

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Speaker 1: Columbus was beaten by a good five years by the

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Speaker 1: Norse right who found who were in Newfoundland. That's not

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Speaker 1: what we were taught in history. Definitely, there's no Norse day,

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Speaker 1: No no leaf ericson day. I don't think there is

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Speaker 1: not in the US. Um. And there's also evidence that

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Speaker 1: the Norse were beaten by a good five hundred years

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Speaker 1: by an Irish monk who used a rowboat to make

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Speaker 1: it from Ireland over to North America and he wrote

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Speaker 1: about it, and um, the tenacious monk was at his name,

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Speaker 1: that's what I would call him. Yeah, well, yeah, at

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Speaker 1: the very least, or if not the completely insane monk.

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Speaker 1: He came back and wrote about it and draw or

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Speaker 1: drew some maps. I believe he drawed some maps and

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Speaker 1: um there, so there is some sort of evidence that

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Speaker 1: that he made contact with these people. Apparently the Norse

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Speaker 1: described meeting people who, um were dressed like monks that

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Speaker 1: they had met, So this guy might have come over

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Speaker 1: and been like, you guys are dressed all wrong here,

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Speaker 1: we need to church you up. They didn't pillagees well

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Speaker 1: as the Europeans did, though in Columbus and the game

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Speaker 1: single Irish Monk. Yeah, I'm pretty sure he felt outnumbered.

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Speaker 1: Yeah yeah, Um so if you qualify who what European

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Speaker 1: discovered America, there's debate right there. Um, there's evidence that

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Speaker 1: the Chinese beat Columbus by seventy years, I should say

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Speaker 1: there's some evidence that's highly questionable. And also, by the way,

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Speaker 1: you can read an article I wrote on the Irish

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Speaker 1: Monk and an article I wrote on the Chinese beating

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Speaker 1: Columbus wondering you know, all this stuff. Ye did you

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Speaker 1: ever hear the Luis cave it on Indian giving? Do

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Speaker 1: you want to hear it? It's awesome he's talking about Basically,

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Speaker 1: the Indian giving is probably the most offensive thing you

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Speaker 1: can say on Earth because it implies that we like,

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Speaker 1: they gave us the land and that or we get

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Speaker 1: and that we wanted it back and they wouldn't give

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Speaker 1: it back. And uh, he's he's talking about the the

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Speaker 1: settlers coming over and saying, can we have everything in

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Speaker 1: the Indians said, well, we don't really have We just

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Speaker 1: use it and enjoy it and share it. And then

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Speaker 1: we started killing everybody and that's like a thing. And

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Speaker 1: the Indian says, dude, if this is what have is,

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Speaker 1: can we not do that? It's really good. I love

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Speaker 1: that guy. He's great. And because Chuck just paraphrased everything

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Speaker 1: that's not copyright infringement, no, I don't think so okay,

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Speaker 1: So Chuck, we' we've we've clearly ruled out. Christopher Columbus

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Speaker 1: is the discoverer of North America? Right, um, who did

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Speaker 1: discover North America? Though you have to ask this question.

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Speaker 1: Let's say Columbus comes over, he thinks he's in India

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Speaker 1: and he shows up and he's like, hey, you guys

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Speaker 1: are Indians, but you look a little crazy, you know,

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Speaker 1: and finally comes to realize that he's not in India,

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Speaker 1: that he's just discovered this new place. But that immediately

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Speaker 1: begs another question that I'm sure it took a little

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Speaker 1: while for people to come up with, because they were

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Speaker 1: so excited that they just discovered this whole new land

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Speaker 1: mass an awesome land mask. Yeah, the best land mass, um,

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Speaker 1: But the question had to eventually come up, like, wait

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Speaker 1: a minute, where did these people come from? How did

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Speaker 1: they get there? How did they get there? For millennia,

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Speaker 1: there was a theory, a widely accepted theory in both

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Speaker 1: the public and scientific lives, um of spontaneous generation. Right

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Speaker 1: Like just if you put left meat out too long

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Speaker 1: and it started to rot, uh, flies showed up, So

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Speaker 1: rotting meat gave rise to flies. The same with moldy grain,

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Speaker 1: uh giving life to um mice. Generally, people thought that

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Speaker 1: there was a life force that could spontaneously produce life,

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Speaker 1: and that some some inanimate objects were associated with giving

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Speaker 1: rise to certain animate objects. Right, And that was the

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Speaker 1: case in North America. They I don't know that, right,

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Speaker 1: but in eighteen sixty four Louis Pasteur definitively proved that

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Speaker 1: there was no life force that gave rise to um life,

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Speaker 1: that if you put a if you sterilized a broth

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Speaker 1: and put it in a flask and kept it sterile,

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Speaker 1: life didn't spontaneously originate there. So he definitively disproved it.

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Speaker 1: So if people did think that the Native Americans in

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Speaker 1: North and South America and Central America did spontaneously generate,

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Speaker 1: Pasteur approved that that wouldn't have happened. So there's last

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Speaker 1: the question where in the name of God did these

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Speaker 1: people come from? How long had they been there? That's

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Speaker 1: an awesome question. I love this article. I thought it

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Speaker 1: was really really interesting. Thanks the Clovis. Well, yes, that

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Speaker 1: was the first theory that uh, well, not the first,

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Speaker 1: but it was widely held for quite a while. Yeah. Um,

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Speaker 1: actually in the couple first couple of decades. Actually in

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Speaker 1: nineteen o six, I believe nineteen o eight, there's a

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Speaker 1: terrible flood in southern New Mexico, and uh it killed

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Speaker 1: a lot of people, a lot of cattle, which in

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Speaker 1: nineteen o eight and southern New Mexico cattle and people

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Speaker 1: were on par um. And it also washed up a

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Speaker 1: bunch of weird artifacts, a lot of weird um clear

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Speaker 1: clearly Indian spearheads, arrowheads, that kind of thing. Was this

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Speaker 1: in Clovis. It was near Clovise, Falsome, I believe was

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Speaker 1: the first sight that they found. UM. So people started,

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Speaker 1: you know, kind of collecting these things, and we're got

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Speaker 1: out that you could find inexplicable or uncommon spearheads, Mexican spearheads,

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Speaker 1: as it turns out, Yeah, the Clovis Point. Yes, that's

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Speaker 1: that's not what it was called. Yet people were just like,

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Speaker 1: look at this crazy thing. That's what I think they

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Speaker 1: called it, right. Um. And then over the course of

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Speaker 1: the next couple of decades, more and more um archaeological

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Speaker 1: research was done. A guy named um Ridge Whitman. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and then es name Now he was just a dude

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Speaker 1: in Mexico. Um, he found uh, one of these very

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Speaker 1: characteristic spearheads in the bones of a bison. All right,

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Speaker 1: So things are starting to come together. The the the

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Speaker 1: tipping point is reached, as Malcolm Gladwell will put it,

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Speaker 1: would put it in two. When the state of New

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Speaker 1: Mexico was digging a highway and they started excavating near

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Speaker 1: um Clovis and just found a whole trove of stuff, bones, spearheads,

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Speaker 1: the whole, the whole shebang. Yeah, it really gave us

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Speaker 1: a lot of info. And a guy who was excavating nearby,

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Speaker 1: Dr Edgar Edgar B. Howard, he was excavating for mammoth

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Speaker 1: bones in a cave nearby. We'll see the guy that

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Speaker 1: was all mad because they moved the spear points. That

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Speaker 1: was a different guy that had happened about ten years earlier.

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Speaker 1: You tell them about that because that's significant, kind of

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Speaker 1: like it demonstrates the mentality that's going on at the time. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: they found some spear points and I guess they picked

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Speaker 1: it up or something, which is like a crime scene.

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Speaker 1: You're not supposed touch anything, evidently, and he came up

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Speaker 1: on the scene and he started, you know, he pitched

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Speaker 1: hissy fit. Because it's out of context now, it doesn't

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Speaker 1: really tell us that much. It was and and pretty

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Speaker 1: much the guy who ruled on whether or not um

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Speaker 1: archaeological evidence was archaeological evidence. I can't remember his name,

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Speaker 1: but he worked for this Smithsonian as a physical anthropologist.

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Speaker 1: He said, sorry, they touched it. I didn't see it.

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Speaker 1: It could have been placed there. I'm not accepting it,

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Speaker 1: but they found something later and left it intact right

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Speaker 1: right years later? Yeah, then this is this is when

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Speaker 1: all of it starts to take off in nineteen thirty two, right. So,

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Speaker 1: all of a sudden they figure out that this, these

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Speaker 1: spear points have never been seen before anywhere else. They

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Speaker 1: have no idea where these things came from. They just

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Speaker 1: knew they were very, very old because like the bison

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Speaker 1: bones that they were found within, it was an extinct

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Speaker 1: bison and had been an extinct about some thousand years.

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Speaker 1: All of a sudden, it's becoming clear that these people

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Speaker 1: pre date any settlement that we'd been aware of or

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Speaker 1: known as Native American or Paleo Indians. Look at you, Yeah,

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Speaker 1: well I have a minor in anthropology, of course. Um.

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Speaker 1: And so all of a sudden people are saying, okay, well,

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Speaker 1: these Clovis were the first Americans. And in the fifties

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Speaker 1: when radio radiocarbon dating came about, that that proved definitively

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Speaker 1: that these people were old as old as you would think.

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Speaker 1: Eleven thousand two years ago is what they dated at. Yeah,

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Speaker 1: and how do you do that? Chuck with radiocarbon dating.

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Speaker 1: All right, Well, what they do is they actually take

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Speaker 1: soil samples, right, and the soil strategy. Right, they measured

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Speaker 1: that the age of the carbon isotopes sea fort teen

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Speaker 1: carbon isotopes present in the soil around the artifact, right,

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Speaker 1: And the artifacts have to be laid out in a

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Speaker 1: certain way, like there can't be evidence that it was

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Speaker 1: buried humans when we make a camp or when we

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Speaker 1: did twelve thousand and ten thousand years ago, when we

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Speaker 1: made a camp and just left it, they were very

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Speaker 1: telltale signs, right, So things weren't buried, they're just kind

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Speaker 1: of laid about what was going on there when they

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Speaker 1: were extinct or whatever. So if there, if that's how

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Speaker 1: this site is presented, then you can measure the soil

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Speaker 1: and say, okay, well the carbon isotopes in the soil

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Speaker 1: are eleven thousand years old. That means that this site

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Speaker 1: was above ground and just left eleven thousand years ago. Right.

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Speaker 1: So that proved that the Clovis were around eleven thousand

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Speaker 1: two years ago, right, yes, which is old and definitely

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Speaker 1: pre Native American. So how did they get here? Well,

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Speaker 1: the Clovis first camp, which was it sounds to me

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Speaker 1: like they're a very angry bunch of people. They eventually,

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Speaker 1: at least they came to be called the Clovis Police.

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Speaker 1: Ye like that name, yea? Or what was the I

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Speaker 1: wonder if the Clovis, New Mexico Police like it, but

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Speaker 1: they're like, that's us or the Clovis Barrier. They created

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Speaker 1: this Clovis Barrier. Basically, anybody who had any other competing

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Speaker 1: theory or idea was an idiot, and they had lockdown

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Speaker 1: on on the academic view of the origin of life

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Speaker 1: in North America. So, getting back to your question, where

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Speaker 1: did they come from and how did they get there?

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Speaker 1: The general theory was that they basically walked during the

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Speaker 1: middle of the ice Age, which I can't imagine living

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Speaker 1: during an ice age? Could you imagine? Like crossing the

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Speaker 1: Bearing was it called the Bearing Straight Bridge, the Bearing

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Speaker 1: Land Bridge, the Bearing Land Bridge? How they got here supposedly,

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Speaker 1: which is only about a mile wide and is now

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Speaker 1: beneath the ocean of the Bearing Straight and that that's

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Speaker 1: how they migrated from Siberia to I guess what would

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Speaker 1: be like Canada in Alaska in Alaska and then found

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Speaker 1: their way down to eventually the southeastern United States and

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Speaker 1: because of that um, so they walked here. There was

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Speaker 1: actually a very very brief as far as the timeline

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Speaker 1: of history goes, there's a very brief moment in history

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Speaker 1: where the bearing Land Bridge was exposed and where the

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Speaker 1: Laurentide ice sheet that covers like northern Canada and Alaska

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Speaker 1: did at the time was receided enough to to allow

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Speaker 1: passage between it and a nearby glacier. Can you imagine

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Speaker 1: how scary that was? Though? I imagine it was kind

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Speaker 1: of scary, but it was only a mile wide. Though,

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Speaker 1: it's not like it wasn't a pleasure walk. It wasn't

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Speaker 1: a stroll. No. But and and you raise a good

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Speaker 1: question like why would you do that? Why? Food? Food,

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Speaker 1: Mastodon baby, your favorite band, the cloth mastodon and the

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Speaker 1: wooly mammoth. That was the theory is that they were

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Speaker 1: dependent and on these animals as they're one of their

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Speaker 1: soul sources of meat. I guess right. It was very

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Speaker 1: clear based just on their spear points in their arrowheads.

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Speaker 1: The clothes were extremely advanced big game hunters. Yeah, they

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Speaker 1: were hafted, which I had to look that up. It's

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Speaker 1: actually when they attach um something to a handle. So

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Speaker 1: it's either attached to a bow or a spear shaft,

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Speaker 1: axe handle, and that means you can throw it, yes,

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Speaker 1: or shoot it, which is how you need to kill

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Speaker 1: a mammoth. You can't just walk up to it and

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Speaker 1: stab it. You also need a lot of coordination, planning,

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Speaker 1: cooperation to take down a mammoth, the mastodon, or one

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Speaker 1: of these extinct bison. And also I read um the

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Speaker 1: point was made like they were definitely big game hunters,

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Speaker 1: but they they would take small game two or medium

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Speaker 1: sized game like deer, antelope or whatever. That's what I wondered,

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Speaker 1: because they've made a big point about the fact that

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Speaker 1: one of the reasons they may have become extinct was

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Speaker 1: that the mammoth and masodon were over overhunted. Chuck, you

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Speaker 1: have just brought everything to the four the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis. Yes, Chuck,

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Speaker 1: what this is and this is one of the reasons

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Speaker 1: why the Clovis barrier was so supported and so able

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Speaker 1: to just lock down academia. Um, it was because it

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Speaker 1: it was a cautionary tale about ecological collapse. Right, But

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Speaker 1: I just I don't get that not every animal. They

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Speaker 1: couldn't have overhunted every animal just because they overhunted the

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Speaker 1: masodon in the mammoth, why not skip down to the

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Speaker 1: lower smaller animals. That's that's an excellent point. That's something

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Speaker 1: that that's that's a quite and that hasn't been satisfied

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Speaker 1: by or wasn't satisfied by the Clovis police. They basically

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Speaker 1: were saying, the Clovis came down from they came across

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Speaker 1: the land bridge from Siberia down through North America, got

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Speaker 1: to the Great Plains, over hunted the masted on the bison,

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Speaker 1: and followed them around and um kill them off and

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Speaker 1: eventually that led to the the extinction of their own kind.

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Speaker 1: Because the what's really interesting and curious about the Clovis

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Speaker 1: is they appear out of nowhere in North America and

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Speaker 1: actually like South and eastern North America and clearly New Mexico.

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Speaker 1: And over the period of five years, they pop up

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Speaker 1: out of nowhere and they disappear into the ether. They

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Speaker 1: just show up and they're gone. There's no evidence of

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Speaker 1: any technology leading up to them, like you can't see

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Speaker 1: a progression of fluted spearheads that show like these people

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Speaker 1: are figuring out how to make the Clovis point. And

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Speaker 1: then you don't see any refining of it or continuation

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Speaker 1: of it after this five year period. So these people

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Speaker 1: like if you're if you're looking at it just on

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Speaker 1: the timeline of history and archaeologically, they pop up in

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Speaker 1: the middle of North America out of nowhere and then

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Speaker 1: just disappear. Pretty cool. Yeah, I mean maybe they were alien.

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Speaker 1: It's entirely possible. There was another theory though about why

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Speaker 1: they may have vanished, the Clovis comment theory. It's also

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Speaker 1: called the Younger Driest impact event. And this is just

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Speaker 1: a few years old. Um. Some people theorized that a

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Speaker 1: comet exploded above the Earth's atmosphere around the Great Lakes

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Speaker 1: and basically caught most of North America on fire, sweet

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Speaker 1: and not only killed the mastodon in the Mammoth, but

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Speaker 1: the Clovis. And there's a little bit of evidence of this.

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Speaker 1: They found a charred, carbon rich layer of soil at

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Speaker 1: fifty different Clovis age sites, and it contained a bunch

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Speaker 1: of unusual stuff in it that they interpreted as like

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Speaker 1: an impact event. Is that the scientific term for that stuff?

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Speaker 1: And unusual materials? Yeah, like like what unusual materials? Don't

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Speaker 1: ask me that? Like stuff that you would find in

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Speaker 1: a comet. Uh, stuff that would indicate there was an

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Speaker 1: impact event. I guess, like a meteor impact landing stuff

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Speaker 1: like that. That's awesome, but that's been refuted to Like,

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Speaker 1: you know, that's why I love all this stuff. There's

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Speaker 1: all these theories that makes sense, and then some other

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Speaker 1: person comes along and pokes holes in it, and then

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Speaker 1: you're back at square one. All right. So, but that's

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Speaker 1: not how it went with the Clovis barrier. Like it

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Speaker 1: was fact, as far as anybody was concerned, you had

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Speaker 1: radio carbon dating, you had um no other evidence of

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Speaker 1: of any earlier settlement in North in the America's at all, um,

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Speaker 1: and any anybody who put forth a hypothesis other than

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Speaker 1: that with pooh pooed. And they were very successful at

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Speaker 1: controlling the origin of life in North America or in

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Speaker 1: the America's for several decades, and then they gave it

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Speaker 1: up and became scientologists, right yeah, um, until that was

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Speaker 1: the beginning of the end of the Clovis first the Yeah, sadly,

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Speaker 1: maybe maybe not, because really the whole reason that you're looking,

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Speaker 1: the whole reason you're spending decades excavating a single site,

296
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Speaker 1: is to find out the truth like, we have to

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Speaker 1: know who is first, We have to know See I'm

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Speaker 1: not I'm not in that camp. I know you made

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Speaker 1: a point your article. That's not really that important. Who

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Speaker 1: was first? Is that? It wasn't that just like such

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Speaker 1: a hippie end liked it though. It's like afterwards, yeah,

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Speaker 1: we should respect the Clovis man just because they weren't first.

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Speaker 1: They gave us the halted fluted spear. Yeah. I was

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Speaker 1: listening to uh hands across America the whole time I

305
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Speaker 1: was writing this. So are we going to down south?

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Speaker 1: Let's go down south, chuck to Monte Bade. Yeah, yeah,

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Speaker 1: that wasn't well. One of the early theories of the

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Speaker 1: Clovis is that they migrated from south to north. No,

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Speaker 1: north to south. They came down originally, but didn't didn't.

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Speaker 1: They later go on to say, but wait, it looks

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Speaker 1: like they went from south to north. That's what Monte

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Speaker 1: Verity did. There was a University of Kentucky arch ologist

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Speaker 1: named Tom Delahey who dedicated uh twenty five years of

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Speaker 1: his life to a single settlement in Chili outside of

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Speaker 1: Monteverde Chili. What a loser, But this guy managed to

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Speaker 1: quietly and methodically destroy the Clovis first theory. And even better,

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Speaker 1: he brought the Clovis police down to Chili after he

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Speaker 1: presented his final findings and said, yeah they were. That

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Speaker 1: was a sad day for the Clovist police, I think

320
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Speaker 1: it was. And to turn in their badges and their

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Speaker 1: uniforms and their little billy clubs. They all retired and

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Speaker 1: went fishing in Florida. So what happened, Chuck? What did

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Speaker 1: what did de la Haye find in monte Verda. Well,

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Speaker 1: he found, uh, he found he found that predated him.

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Speaker 1: Irrefutable evidence is another way to put it. Well, that's

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Speaker 1: the non cursing way to put it. So you want

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Speaker 1: to know what they found? Yes, they found hers of

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Speaker 1: wood with knotted strings attached, which was no accident. It

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Speaker 1: meant that a human being uh tied some string around it. Well,

330
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Speaker 1: not only that, they also found um left over, masted

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Speaker 1: on flesh preserved. This is what mont Inverty is just so,

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Speaker 1: this is how archaeology advances by leaps and bounds by accident.

333
00:19:13,440 --> 00:19:17,159
Speaker 1: Mont Inverty um the site is a bog um, and

334
00:19:17,480 --> 00:19:23,080
Speaker 1: it actually preserved. This would string masted on flesh preserved

335
00:19:23,119 --> 00:19:30,440
Speaker 1: it beautifully. Um because it's an oxygen depleted environment and

336
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Speaker 1: it was twelve thousand, five years old. That's what radiocarbon

337
00:19:33,840 --> 00:19:36,639
Speaker 1: dating showed. So first of all, you have the fact that, um,

338
00:19:37,040 --> 00:19:42,560
Speaker 1: it's clearly these hearts, these um, the nodded string, all

339
00:19:42,600 --> 00:19:45,680
Speaker 1: this stuff. It was clearly presented in a way that

340
00:19:45,920 --> 00:19:48,160
Speaker 1: this was a settlement. It was a camp. They estimated

341
00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:52,240
Speaker 1: it housed like people. Um, even like the tent pegs

342
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Speaker 1: are left in the ground. That's pretty cool. So it

343
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Speaker 1: wasn't buried, right, it was just left. And then when

344
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Speaker 1: the radiocarbon dating proved that, yeah, it was twelve years old,

345
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Speaker 1: so they had a good millennium on the Clovis. It

346
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Speaker 1: still doesn't answer how they got there. No, it doesn't.

347
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Speaker 1: As a matter of fact, it raises even more questions

348
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Speaker 1: because what what the Clovis police said was well, okay,

349
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Speaker 1: that's fine, that's fine, we'll give you monte verity jerk.

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Speaker 1: Here here's the This is one thing that was never

351
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Speaker 1: addressed with the Clovis by the Clovis police is why

352
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Speaker 1: weren't there any evidence of Clovis settlements along the way

353
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Speaker 1: from uh Siberia to Canada Alaska the Great Planes. There

354
00:20:33,720 --> 00:20:36,000
Speaker 1: aren't any because if you come across. If you come

355
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Speaker 1: down Alaska and Canada into North America, you had the

356
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Speaker 1: Great Plains and brother, there was really good hunting around

357
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Speaker 1: there ten thousand years ago. You're gonna have campsites, You're

358
00:20:45,160 --> 00:20:48,399
Speaker 1: going to have some evidence. There was nothing like we

359
00:20:48,480 --> 00:20:53,560
Speaker 1: said that. It is totally possible. I think that's how

360
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Speaker 1: the Clovis first theory was able to stand for so long,

361
00:20:56,640 --> 00:20:59,080
Speaker 1: is because maybe we just haven't found it yet. Whatever.

362
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Speaker 1: But this monte verity theory turns it on its ear

363
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Speaker 1: because instead of from north to south, it suggests they

364
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Speaker 1: went from south to north and it was years older. Yes,

365
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Speaker 1: but I like your theory of how they got here.

366
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Speaker 1: It's not a theory. It's not my theory. It's a

367
00:21:15,040 --> 00:21:17,600
Speaker 1: it's a hypothesis that other people have suggested as well.

368
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Speaker 1: Because the same thing happened uh in Australia, right, yeah,

369
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Speaker 1: well possibly, Uh think about it. Australia has been a continent,

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Speaker 1: unattached continent for fifty million years. Uh. They believe archaeologists

371
00:21:31,800 --> 00:21:37,680
Speaker 1: anthropologists believe that um, the Aborigines in Australia got there

372
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Speaker 1: about sixty thousand years ago, which means they would have

373
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Speaker 1: had to have parachuted in or come by boat or swam. Yeah.

374
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Speaker 1: I think boats there most plausible, and islands along the

375
00:21:47,320 --> 00:21:49,720
Speaker 1: way that you could stage and uh, you can island

376
00:21:49,800 --> 00:21:52,600
Speaker 1: hop over there. I mean, there's some pretty horrible journeys

377
00:21:52,600 --> 00:21:56,320
Speaker 1: along the way, but it's entirely possible. And the theory

378
00:21:56,440 --> 00:21:57,920
Speaker 1: is that that could have the same thing could have

379
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Speaker 1: happened to the the folks in mont ver day it's

380
00:22:01,040 --> 00:22:03,280
Speaker 1: true or the other. The other way to look at

381
00:22:03,280 --> 00:22:04,960
Speaker 1: it is there's a lot of people who still believe

382
00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:08,240
Speaker 1: that they came from the north to south migration pattern,

383
00:22:08,640 --> 00:22:10,919
Speaker 1: but that they just came a lot earlier, so they

384
00:22:10,960 --> 00:22:14,840
Speaker 1: went north to south and then back up. Okay, that

385
00:22:14,920 --> 00:22:19,200
Speaker 1: makes sense, it does. Um. The fly in that ointment

386
00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:22,760
Speaker 1: is this there's another site found at Monte Verity that

387
00:22:23,080 --> 00:22:25,560
Speaker 1: is being excavated. Now I'm pretty sure delah Haye was like,

388
00:22:25,640 --> 00:22:27,480
Speaker 1: I'm out, I'm out, I did my thing where you

389
00:22:27,520 --> 00:22:31,560
Speaker 1: guys take this over. Yeah, but they found another camp

390
00:22:31,680 --> 00:22:36,000
Speaker 1: nearby or evidence of more human activity nearby that's dated

391
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Speaker 1: to about thirty thirty three thousand years ago, which turns

392
00:22:39,560 --> 00:22:42,560
Speaker 1: this on it here. Yes, so does that hold to

393
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Speaker 1: the theory of the waves of migration that you were

394
00:22:45,080 --> 00:22:48,800
Speaker 1: talking about in the article. Um, I don't know. I

395
00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:51,080
Speaker 1: don't know. I think that I've also heard there's a

396
00:22:51,200 --> 00:22:54,399
Speaker 1: lot of um archaeological sites that are under water right now.

397
00:22:54,480 --> 00:22:58,120
Speaker 1: They're sure because you know, once the ice ages ended,

398
00:22:58,200 --> 00:23:01,359
Speaker 1: the water levels rose, and who knows, what's you know

399
00:23:01,640 --> 00:23:05,439
Speaker 1: underwater along our coasts and there could be definitive evidence

400
00:23:05,480 --> 00:23:08,240
Speaker 1: that they came by boat. We have no idea. Ultimately,

401
00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:12,360
Speaker 1: we just know that the Clovis weren't the first people here,

402
00:23:12,560 --> 00:23:16,119
Speaker 1: although they and how they they left, why why they vanished,

403
00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:19,320
Speaker 1: still don't know. It's it's very interesting, but there there was.

404
00:23:19,440 --> 00:23:25,240
Speaker 1: It looks like people in Chile thirty three thousand years ago. Wow,

405
00:23:26,119 --> 00:23:30,959
Speaker 1: which goes to prove Columbus did not discover America. Full circle.

406
00:23:31,480 --> 00:23:32,879
Speaker 1: What does this all have to do with me and

407
00:23:32,960 --> 00:23:38,120
Speaker 1: you living here in Atlanta today? Nothing on Clovis ground. Yeah,

408
00:23:39,119 --> 00:23:40,960
Speaker 1: it has nothing to do with us. That where they

409
00:23:41,000 --> 00:23:47,000
Speaker 1: in Georgia? They said Southeast and and Carolina. So we're

410
00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:49,920
Speaker 1: just a couple of slobs here in two thousand nine. Ah. Yeah,

411
00:23:50,040 --> 00:23:54,000
Speaker 1: And you ask, really there other than the pursuit of knowledge,

412
00:23:54,040 --> 00:23:58,000
Speaker 1: other than the pursuit of definitive truth, it really doesn't

413
00:23:58,000 --> 00:24:00,480
Speaker 1: apply to us. But it is fascinating, and there's not

414
00:24:00,880 --> 00:24:03,240
Speaker 1: to say that it's not. I think you could argue

415
00:24:03,280 --> 00:24:06,720
Speaker 1: that all of archaeology is I'm not saying pointless, but

416
00:24:07,160 --> 00:24:10,680
Speaker 1: because I think it's fascinating. But what are you doing

417
00:24:10,760 --> 00:24:14,120
Speaker 1: besides trying to find the truth? And there's value in that. Sure,

418
00:24:14,600 --> 00:24:16,560
Speaker 1: there's definite value in it. But it's not like they're

419
00:24:16,560 --> 00:24:19,800
Speaker 1: gonna find some ancient cure for cancer. Or will they.

420
00:24:20,240 --> 00:24:23,040
Speaker 1: I don't know. We'll find out. They'll keep digging into

421
00:24:23,040 --> 00:24:26,000
Speaker 1: the meantime, because I gotta tell you, Chuck, most archaeologists

422
00:24:26,040 --> 00:24:29,159
Speaker 1: could care less what you and I think about their field. No,

423
00:24:29,400 --> 00:24:31,920
Speaker 1: I'm sure we'll get some emails about this. Well, since

424
00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:34,480
Speaker 1: I just said most archaeologs just could care less, that

425
00:24:34,680 --> 00:24:38,200
Speaker 1: means it's time, Chuck for Oh yeah, if you want

426
00:24:38,200 --> 00:24:41,280
Speaker 1: to read this article, you can type Clovis into the

427
00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:44,360
Speaker 1: handy search bart how stuff worst dot com, which now

428
00:24:44,520 --> 00:24:47,600
Speaker 1: means it's time for listener mail. So Josh, before we

429
00:24:47,680 --> 00:24:49,800
Speaker 1: have listener mail, Okay, we want to talk about something

430
00:24:49,800 --> 00:24:52,320
Speaker 1: we're excited about. I'm excited about a lot of stuff.

431
00:24:52,320 --> 00:24:54,520
Speaker 1: You're gonna have to specify. Don't switch off your podcast.

432
00:24:54,600 --> 00:24:56,919
Speaker 1: Your people, this is really good. H you were call

433
00:24:57,000 --> 00:25:00,480
Speaker 1: during the micro lending episode. Sure, we talk about an

434
00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:04,240
Speaker 1: awesome website Kiva dot org k I v A and

435
00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:06,480
Speaker 1: that is where you can donate money twenty five dollar

436
00:25:06,640 --> 00:25:09,879
Speaker 1: minimum to satisfy these micro loans for needy people all

437
00:25:09,920 --> 00:25:14,320
Speaker 1: over the world, needy entrepreneurs, needy entrepreneurs. Yes, it's not yet,

438
00:25:14,520 --> 00:25:17,080
Speaker 1: it's not. It's not a charity like you're you're going

439
00:25:17,200 --> 00:25:19,920
Speaker 1: to fund their enterprises. So if you haven't listened to

440
00:25:19,920 --> 00:25:22,360
Speaker 1: that episode, give it a listen. And we found out

441
00:25:22,520 --> 00:25:25,080
Speaker 1: through Kiva you could start a team. And then we

442
00:25:25,240 --> 00:25:27,440
Speaker 1: started searching around and found out the mark as a

443
00:25:27,480 --> 00:25:29,960
Speaker 1: team to mark as a team, A lot of corporations,

444
00:25:30,560 --> 00:25:35,000
Speaker 1: being in bisexuals have a team. Sure, who else, Well,

445
00:25:35,080 --> 00:25:37,840
Speaker 1: the Colbert Nation, Stephen Colbert has a team. Oh that's right.

446
00:25:38,200 --> 00:25:40,800
Speaker 1: And we saw that and we thought, hey, they're lame.

447
00:25:41,160 --> 00:25:43,840
Speaker 1: They're not raising much money. No, there's like a hundred

448
00:25:43,920 --> 00:25:46,240
Speaker 1: members last time I checked, and they've raised like sixth grade,

449
00:25:46,240 --> 00:25:48,040
Speaker 1: which I guess is pretty good for a hundred members.

450
00:25:48,080 --> 00:25:49,840
Speaker 1: But I think we can top that. We could definitely

451
00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:51,520
Speaker 1: top that. And we have people that right in and

452
00:25:51,560 --> 00:25:54,119
Speaker 1: talk about the fact this is a free podcast, and

453
00:25:54,320 --> 00:25:56,399
Speaker 1: they wish there was something they could do. Well. Now

454
00:25:56,480 --> 00:25:59,200
Speaker 1: you can go to Kiva dot org join the Stuff

455
00:25:59,200 --> 00:26:03,679
Speaker 1: you Should Know team under a community. Uh, sign up

456
00:26:04,080 --> 00:26:07,119
Speaker 1: and join the team and start donating, and we can

457
00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:10,080
Speaker 1: start satisfying some of these loans. I love satisfying things.

458
00:26:10,119 --> 00:26:13,040
Speaker 1: And we'll we'll keep up with this through the blog

459
00:26:13,160 --> 00:26:15,560
Speaker 1: and kind of let people know and how many loans

460
00:26:15,600 --> 00:26:18,560
Speaker 1: we've satisfied. And we're gonna keep our eye out for Colbert. Yeah,

461
00:26:18,600 --> 00:26:21,159
Speaker 1: this is not gonna be some throwaway poo poo idea that,

462
00:26:21,440 --> 00:26:23,359
Speaker 1: like you know, we came up with and forgot about,

463
00:26:23,359 --> 00:26:26,040
Speaker 1: Like Colbert, We're in this for the long run. Boom.

464
00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:28,560
Speaker 1: We're gonna put it on the blog and uh, we

465
00:26:28,680 --> 00:26:31,360
Speaker 1: want the Stuff you Should Know Team to to satisfy

466
00:26:31,440 --> 00:26:32,960
Speaker 1: these loans. And you can get paid back. That's a

467
00:26:33,000 --> 00:26:36,040
Speaker 1: cool thing. You can give fifty bucks and if you want,

468
00:26:36,320 --> 00:26:37,960
Speaker 1: you can Once a loan is repaid, you can get

469
00:26:37,960 --> 00:26:39,680
Speaker 1: that money back. Yeah. You can take it and run

470
00:26:40,320 --> 00:26:42,920
Speaker 1: or buy some donuts with it, or you can reinvest it,

471
00:26:43,160 --> 00:26:45,440
Speaker 1: or you can just donate it to the Kiva Foundation

472
00:26:45,480 --> 00:26:47,520
Speaker 1: as a whole. Either way, you're helping people in the

473
00:26:47,640 --> 00:26:51,520
Speaker 1: developing world again fund their own enterprises, uh in a

474
00:26:51,680 --> 00:26:55,040
Speaker 1: in an effort to become self sufficient for a lousy bucks. Plus,

475
00:26:55,200 --> 00:26:59,240
Speaker 1: you're like a hair's breadth away from Mohammed Junius, right,

476
00:26:59,720 --> 00:27:02,560
Speaker 1: I mean, he's right there next to you. So go

477
00:27:02,640 --> 00:27:04,520
Speaker 1: to Keeva dot org check out the stuff he should know,

478
00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:07,359
Speaker 1: team and join up and we're gonna keep up with

479
00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:09,760
Speaker 1: it on the blog and through the podcast, and we

480
00:27:09,800 --> 00:27:12,080
Speaker 1: will shame you if you haven't joined. Chuck, this is

481
00:27:12,119 --> 00:27:14,760
Speaker 1: a great idea. Thank you. It was a really good idea, man.

482
00:27:14,880 --> 00:27:21,119
Speaker 1: All right. So now listener, mail, I'm gonna just do

483
00:27:21,240 --> 00:27:23,920
Speaker 1: this one since we're short on time. This you ask

484
00:27:23,960 --> 00:27:28,440
Speaker 1: people to write in UM after the Bhutan Gross National Happiness. Yeah,

485
00:27:28,440 --> 00:27:31,520
Speaker 1: we've gotten a lot of good responses from that. Everybody.

486
00:27:31,600 --> 00:27:34,720
Speaker 1: Everyone who's written in has this nice, mellow, even keeled

487
00:27:34,760 --> 00:27:38,440
Speaker 1: to me. Nobody has been like help me, especially this guy.

488
00:27:38,800 --> 00:27:41,359
Speaker 1: I like Chris. Chris says h in answer to your

489
00:27:41,359 --> 00:27:44,200
Speaker 1: request for someone who has left the rat race of

490
00:27:44,240 --> 00:27:47,160
Speaker 1: the American money Chase, I think I qualify. I live

491
00:27:47,320 --> 00:27:49,480
Speaker 1: on a commune, he says, in a commune. I also

492
00:27:49,480 --> 00:27:51,960
Speaker 1: thought it was on. He lives in a commune and

493
00:27:52,040 --> 00:27:54,399
Speaker 1: files taxes under the I R S Code five O

494
00:27:54,520 --> 00:27:56,520
Speaker 1: one D, which I don't even know what that is.

495
00:27:56,640 --> 00:27:58,960
Speaker 1: I've only heard of five on three. It sounds like

496
00:27:59,040 --> 00:28:02,080
Speaker 1: some sort of a hippie thing. Yeah, I've lived in

497
00:28:02,119 --> 00:28:04,440
Speaker 1: this commune with my wife for close to fifteen years.

498
00:28:04,880 --> 00:28:07,080
Speaker 1: Before moving in, I grew up in another commune whose

499
00:28:07,080 --> 00:28:09,960
Speaker 1: income was solely based on donations. So all in all,

500
00:28:10,000 --> 00:28:12,320
Speaker 1: you could say I've always lived with a yearly salary

501
00:28:12,440 --> 00:28:16,400
Speaker 1: under ten thousand dollars. Am I happy? I'd say yes.

502
00:28:16,920 --> 00:28:18,640
Speaker 1: I find lots of ways to have fun and live

503
00:28:18,800 --> 00:28:21,280
Speaker 1: hand to mouth. You never really know what you can

504
00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:23,800
Speaker 1: live without until you read Your Life of Stuff. When

505
00:28:23,840 --> 00:28:26,200
Speaker 1: I host visitors at our place, it pretty much blows

506
00:28:26,240 --> 00:28:29,320
Speaker 1: people's minds. My wife and I take up three rooms

507
00:28:29,359 --> 00:28:31,359
Speaker 1: in our building. We try to make the most of

508
00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:33,960
Speaker 1: our space and not hang onto extra books, clothes, et cetera.

509
00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:37,560
Speaker 1: For too long. Your Show and Happiness and Money, Your

510
00:28:37,560 --> 00:28:40,200
Speaker 1: show on Happiness of Money asked some good questions my

511
00:28:40,280 --> 00:28:44,000
Speaker 1: regular listener, and and he signed off, Peace Chris, Chris,

512
00:28:44,280 --> 00:28:47,840
Speaker 1: So you left out as Michelle's Shock quote, he has

513
00:28:47,880 --> 00:28:51,520
Speaker 1: a quote from singer songwriter Michelle Shock, who apparently once said,

514
00:28:51,640 --> 00:28:54,280
Speaker 1: if you ever want to if you ever want an adventure,

515
00:28:54,440 --> 00:28:59,440
Speaker 1: live without cash? So true, that is an adventure. Yeah, well,

516
00:28:59,480 --> 00:29:02,920
Speaker 1: thanks for it in Chris dirty Hippie. Thank you to

517
00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:06,640
Speaker 1: everybody who took time to write in about dropping out

518
00:29:06,640 --> 00:29:09,680
Speaker 1: of there at race or just never joining in some cases.

519
00:29:10,280 --> 00:29:12,800
Speaker 1: Um and uh, let's see, Chuck, do you want to

520
00:29:12,880 --> 00:29:17,400
Speaker 1: hear about anything specific from people for this week? Now?

521
00:29:17,480 --> 00:29:19,160
Speaker 1: I want people to go to kiva dot org and

522
00:29:19,280 --> 00:29:21,400
Speaker 1: join our team. Yeah, how about that? Why don't you

523
00:29:21,880 --> 00:29:24,560
Speaker 1: right in and let us know if you've joined, if

524
00:29:24,600 --> 00:29:27,400
Speaker 1: you see anybody that you think, uh, we should focus

525
00:29:27,440 --> 00:29:30,680
Speaker 1: our attention on. Let's let's do all things Kiva this week.

526
00:29:31,160 --> 00:29:33,600
Speaker 1: Send it in an email to me and Chuck and

527
00:29:33,800 --> 00:29:37,920
Speaker 1: Jerry at stuff podcast at how stuff works dot com

528
00:29:42,320 --> 00:29:44,720
Speaker 1: for more on this and thousands of other topics, is

529
00:29:44,760 --> 00:29:48,200
Speaker 1: it how stuff works dot com. Want more how stuff works,

530
00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:50,680
Speaker 1: check out our blogs on the house. Stuff works dot

531
00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:55,960
Speaker 1: com home page. Brought to you by the reinvented two

532
00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:58,360
Speaker 1: thousand twelve camera. It's ready, are you