1 00:00:04,320 --> 00:00:14,560 Speaker 1: Get text with Technology, What textoff Chromos dot Com. He there, 2 00:00:14,560 --> 00:00:18,560 Speaker 1: and welcome to Text Stuff. I am your host, Jonathan Strickland, 3 00:00:18,800 --> 00:00:21,680 Speaker 1: and today I'm flying solo again and I hope you 4 00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:27,520 Speaker 1: enjoy the brand new theme song created by our producer Noel, 5 00:00:28,120 --> 00:00:30,120 Speaker 1: who went above and beyond the call of duty to 6 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:34,400 Speaker 1: finally give us a new theme song. After seven years 7 00:00:34,400 --> 00:00:37,000 Speaker 1: of Tech Stuff, we got a new one. I hope 8 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:38,960 Speaker 1: you guys enjoyed as much as I do. I love 9 00:00:39,040 --> 00:00:41,120 Speaker 1: that it has the spirit of the old one, but 10 00:00:41,159 --> 00:00:44,200 Speaker 1: it's totally original to tech Stuff, so you're not gonna 11 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:46,479 Speaker 1: hear it anywhere else but right here. Let me know 12 00:00:46,520 --> 00:00:48,400 Speaker 1: what you think about it. I'm really eager to hear 13 00:00:48,440 --> 00:00:51,920 Speaker 1: about it. Today. I'm going to talk about something that 14 00:00:51,960 --> 00:00:54,880 Speaker 1: I think is pretty interesting. You know, technology is often 15 00:00:54,960 --> 00:01:00,280 Speaker 1: intertwined with business, and that means rivalries are bound owned 16 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:03,720 Speaker 1: to occur. Now, there have been some big rivalries in tech, 17 00:01:03,960 --> 00:01:05,960 Speaker 1: and I wanted to take some time to talk about 18 00:01:05,959 --> 00:01:08,440 Speaker 1: a few of the most notable ones. And this is 19 00:01:08,520 --> 00:01:11,679 Speaker 1: by no means a complete list. It's more of a 20 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:15,440 Speaker 1: sampling and include some rivalries that happened more than a 21 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:20,800 Speaker 1: century ago. So let's get started with the oldest rivalry 22 00:01:20,840 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: in my list, that is a railroad rivalry. This started 23 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:29,880 Speaker 1: way back in eighteen sixty two and President Abraham Lincoln 24 00:01:29,880 --> 00:01:34,319 Speaker 1: signed into law the Pacific Railroad Act. Now, this was 25 00:01:34,840 --> 00:01:37,760 Speaker 1: an act that was meant to create a railroad that 26 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:42,640 Speaker 1: would unify the rails, so you get a complete transcontinental 27 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:44,680 Speaker 1: rail line where you could travel from the east coast 28 00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:47,120 Speaker 1: to the west coast. And it meant that you had 29 00:01:47,160 --> 00:01:51,960 Speaker 1: to bridge this huge gap that was started in the West. 30 00:01:52,880 --> 00:01:57,640 Speaker 1: I created these two entities, Union Pacific and Central Pacific. 31 00:01:58,080 --> 00:02:01,560 Speaker 1: Now Union Pacific started in Omahana, Braska, and it was 32 00:02:01,680 --> 00:02:06,920 Speaker 1: to build railroads westward. Central Pacific started in Sacramento, California, 33 00:02:07,040 --> 00:02:10,200 Speaker 1: and it was to build to the east. Now, the 34 00:02:10,280 --> 00:02:16,160 Speaker 1: two companies were fierce competitors because the amount of money 35 00:02:16,200 --> 00:02:19,880 Speaker 1: and land they received from the government. It didn't depend 36 00:02:19,919 --> 00:02:22,560 Speaker 1: on how efficient the systems were. It depended upon the 37 00:02:22,639 --> 00:02:26,840 Speaker 1: number of miles of track they laid. So speed was 38 00:02:26,960 --> 00:02:31,200 Speaker 1: valued higher than safety or efficiency, and the two companies 39 00:02:31,240 --> 00:02:34,920 Speaker 1: began to feverishly lay down track at the expense of 40 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:39,359 Speaker 1: human lives. So the heads of the two companies were 41 00:02:39,360 --> 00:02:43,360 Speaker 1: collectively referred to as robber barons. If you've ever heard 42 00:02:43,360 --> 00:02:47,880 Speaker 1: that term. It's talking specifically about the railroad tycoons back 43 00:02:47,919 --> 00:02:52,920 Speaker 1: in the UH mid nineteenth century. They were fighting to 44 00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:55,640 Speaker 1: get the most wealth and power. They were engaging in 45 00:02:55,720 --> 00:02:59,200 Speaker 1: all sorts of questionable activities to gain an advantage as 46 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:03,320 Speaker 1: the two lines of railroads converged. So as an example, 47 00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:08,639 Speaker 1: Union Pacific would build winding paths instead of a straight line. 48 00:03:08,800 --> 00:03:11,799 Speaker 1: Why because it meant that they actually increased the amount 49 00:03:11,800 --> 00:03:14,760 Speaker 1: of mileage of track they were laying down. They were 50 00:03:14,840 --> 00:03:17,280 Speaker 1: maximizing the amount of money and land they were getting 51 00:03:17,320 --> 00:03:20,720 Speaker 1: from the government by making the path longer than it 52 00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:24,600 Speaker 1: needed to be. It was much more lengthy than a 53 00:03:24,639 --> 00:03:30,079 Speaker 1: straight pathway. They also used cheaper materials than they may 54 00:03:30,200 --> 00:03:34,080 Speaker 1: have Well then they should have. Really they were using 55 00:03:34,080 --> 00:03:37,920 Speaker 1: wrought iron for the rails, which was fairly brittle, so 56 00:03:38,120 --> 00:03:40,200 Speaker 1: that was a problem. It would need to be replaced 57 00:03:40,200 --> 00:03:46,560 Speaker 1: before too long. And they were also using very cheap wood, 58 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:51,680 Speaker 1: particularly because you know they were starting UH in Nebraska, 59 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:54,920 Speaker 1: so they didn't have access to a lot of wood. 60 00:03:54,960 --> 00:03:58,000 Speaker 1: Nebraska has a lot of planes, so they were using 61 00:03:58,040 --> 00:04:00,800 Speaker 1: stuff like cotton wood, which was fairly brittle, and they 62 00:04:00,840 --> 00:04:03,120 Speaker 1: were using that for their railroad ties. Those are the 63 00:04:03,200 --> 00:04:06,720 Speaker 1: planks that connect the two sets of rails together and 64 00:04:06,800 --> 00:04:10,720 Speaker 1: keeps some space the right way. Uh. They also outsourced 65 00:04:10,720 --> 00:04:13,760 Speaker 1: a lot of the work for getting those railroad ties 66 00:04:13,880 --> 00:04:18,760 Speaker 1: to others in the Nebraska area, and those enterprising individuals 67 00:04:19,120 --> 00:04:23,520 Speaker 1: would take axes in hand, they'd have dollar signs in 68 00:04:23,560 --> 00:04:27,120 Speaker 1: their eyes, and they started hacking down all the trees, 69 00:04:27,200 --> 00:04:30,760 Speaker 1: even if those trees were on private property. In fact, 70 00:04:30,760 --> 00:04:33,240 Speaker 1: it got to a point where they were making claims 71 00:04:33,320 --> 00:04:36,760 Speaker 1: that farmers living in Nebraska didn't have a right to 72 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:40,400 Speaker 1: claim private property because it had not been fully ratified 73 00:04:40,520 --> 00:04:44,160 Speaker 1: by the government. Yet the folks who are living on 74 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 1: that property begged to disagree, sometimes for the use of force. 75 00:04:48,600 --> 00:04:52,680 Speaker 1: They would actually fire shots at folks who were coming 76 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:56,200 Speaker 1: into the land to cut down trees. And eventually even 77 00:04:56,440 --> 00:04:59,440 Speaker 1: Union Pacific said, all right, this, this might be going 78 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:02,799 Speaker 1: a bit too far. Let's re evaluate how we're doing 79 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:07,760 Speaker 1: business here. So both companies faced dangers exacerbated by their 80 00:05:07,800 --> 00:05:11,239 Speaker 1: willingness to cut corners to make more money, and both 81 00:05:11,279 --> 00:05:16,640 Speaker 1: were plagued by attacks from Native American tribes. Union Pacific 82 00:05:16,920 --> 00:05:22,120 Speaker 1: often would attempt to fight these attacks off their trains 83 00:05:22,160 --> 00:05:25,280 Speaker 1: that they would use to move along as the track 84 00:05:25,400 --> 00:05:30,440 Speaker 1: was being built were loaded with rifles. Meanwhile, Central Pacific's 85 00:05:30,440 --> 00:05:34,799 Speaker 1: workforce UH they were They were often joined by Native 86 00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:39,839 Speaker 1: Americans because Central Pacific started paying off tribes and having 87 00:05:39,880 --> 00:05:45,080 Speaker 1: them join the workforce. UH. Speaking of workforces, both Union 88 00:05:45,120 --> 00:05:49,400 Speaker 1: and Central used cheap labor. Central Pacifics workforce was primarily 89 00:05:49,520 --> 00:05:54,320 Speaker 1: Chinese augmented by some Native American workers, and Union Pacific 90 00:05:54,360 --> 00:05:58,240 Speaker 1: had hired on Irish laborers who were treated awfully at 91 00:05:58,279 --> 00:06:02,919 Speaker 1: that time, so both groups were even calling them second 92 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:07,440 Speaker 1: class citizens as being generous. They were treated poorly. Central 93 00:06:07,440 --> 00:06:11,000 Speaker 1: Pacific suffered more losses to their workforce due to accidents 94 00:06:11,080 --> 00:06:14,640 Speaker 1: during the construction figures very not a lot of people 95 00:06:14,680 --> 00:06:18,599 Speaker 1: were particularly concerned about keeping an accurate count of the 96 00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:22,800 Speaker 1: number of deaths from injury, but estimations range from five 97 00:06:22,880 --> 00:06:27,600 Speaker 1: hundred to a thousand employees UH died while trying to 98 00:06:27,640 --> 00:06:31,680 Speaker 1: construct the railroad. Union Pacific they lost more employees to 99 00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:36,200 Speaker 1: disease and murder than they did to accidents. It turns 100 00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:39,920 Speaker 1: out they would stop in a lot of towns. Often 101 00:06:40,000 --> 00:06:42,840 Speaker 1: they would refer to them as the hell on Wheels 102 00:06:42,920 --> 00:06:50,040 Speaker 1: towns where there various workforce members were encountering problems with 103 00:06:50,520 --> 00:06:54,720 Speaker 1: prostitutes or violent criminals, and so a lot of them 104 00:06:55,240 --> 00:06:57,640 Speaker 1: didn't make it. In fact, I think I read one 105 00:06:57,760 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: estimation that said there was a ratio afford to one 106 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:06,600 Speaker 1: Union Pacific employees who died from murder to accidents. So 107 00:07:06,760 --> 00:07:09,560 Speaker 1: for everyone who died from an accident, four, we're dying 108 00:07:09,600 --> 00:07:13,640 Speaker 1: from being murdered. So awful awful times. Even when the 109 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:17,360 Speaker 1: two railroads were getting closer together, the two companies were 110 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:20,360 Speaker 1: engaged in shady dealings and didn't worry so much about 111 00:07:20,400 --> 00:07:23,200 Speaker 1: the tracks actually meeting up properly, which was the whole 112 00:07:23,240 --> 00:07:26,520 Speaker 1: point of this enterprise in the first place. So the 113 00:07:26,520 --> 00:07:29,520 Speaker 1: two companies were still looking at ways to maximize the 114 00:07:29,520 --> 00:07:31,680 Speaker 1: amount of money and land they could get, rather than 115 00:07:31,880 --> 00:07:35,200 Speaker 1: completing the job as was assigned. And it was only 116 00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:37,560 Speaker 1: when the US government really got involved and made it 117 00:07:37,600 --> 00:07:39,920 Speaker 1: clear that the railroads were going to have to shape 118 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:43,200 Speaker 1: up that they reached an agreement that Promontory Point in 119 00:07:43,360 --> 00:07:48,400 Speaker 1: Utah was the spot where the two railroads would finally connect. Now, 120 00:07:48,440 --> 00:07:52,280 Speaker 1: by then, both companies had spent huge amounts of money 121 00:07:52,520 --> 00:07:55,760 Speaker 1: and more than a thousand lives had been lost, And 122 00:07:55,840 --> 00:07:58,960 Speaker 1: if you want to look at how much track was 123 00:07:59,040 --> 00:08:03,600 Speaker 1: laid technically Union Pacific one because they had laid more track. 124 00:08:04,200 --> 00:08:06,200 Speaker 1: But the cost of both companies, not to mention the 125 00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:09,640 Speaker 1: cost to everyone else involved in this, whether it was 126 00:08:09,680 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: the land that it moved through or the people working 127 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,480 Speaker 1: for the companies. It really makes this particular rivalry come 128 00:08:16,480 --> 00:08:21,520 Speaker 1: out as a draw, and not a pleasant one at that. Now, 129 00:08:21,560 --> 00:08:24,560 Speaker 1: the next big rivalry I want to talk about has 130 00:08:24,600 --> 00:08:27,840 Speaker 1: want I mentioned on the show several times before, and 131 00:08:27,880 --> 00:08:33,160 Speaker 1: it's Thomas Edison versus George Westinghouse. Now you might have 132 00:08:33,160 --> 00:08:35,480 Speaker 1: thought I was going to say Nicola Tesla there for 133 00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:39,240 Speaker 1: a second, but honest, honestly, really Tesla. He was a 134 00:08:39,280 --> 00:08:43,200 Speaker 1: brilliant engineer. He was also a brilliant self promoter. He 135 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:45,720 Speaker 1: was a rock star of his day. But he was 136 00:08:45,800 --> 00:08:52,320 Speaker 1: not a very good businessman. So Edison and Westinghouse were 137 00:08:52,320 --> 00:08:55,840 Speaker 1: the powerhouses behind the two enormous companies battling to supply 138 00:08:55,880 --> 00:08:58,960 Speaker 1: electric power to the United States. So it's really George 139 00:08:59,000 --> 00:09:02,880 Speaker 1: Westinghouse who was the other entity in opposition to Thomas Edison. 140 00:09:02,960 --> 00:09:06,199 Speaker 1: Nicola Tesla played a very important role. But if you're 141 00:09:06,240 --> 00:09:07,920 Speaker 1: looking at the War of the currents, you really should 142 00:09:07,920 --> 00:09:12,000 Speaker 1: say Edison versus Westinghouse, not Edison versus Tesla. Now, this 143 00:09:12,080 --> 00:09:14,720 Speaker 1: war of the currents took place just a couple of 144 00:09:14,760 --> 00:09:18,920 Speaker 1: decades after the railroad Shenanigans I just talked about. This 145 00:09:19,000 --> 00:09:21,920 Speaker 1: would be in the eighteen eighties when Thomas Hasen was 146 00:09:22,000 --> 00:09:26,120 Speaker 1: looking to land an incredibly lucrative deal with the United 147 00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:29,439 Speaker 1: States to build power stations that would supply electricity to 148 00:09:29,520 --> 00:09:33,560 Speaker 1: homes and businesses through direct current. Now, essentially Edison would 149 00:09:33,559 --> 00:09:35,240 Speaker 1: just have to provide the patents and then he could 150 00:09:35,280 --> 00:09:40,040 Speaker 1: rake in royalties for years. He would become insanely wealthy 151 00:09:40,160 --> 00:09:43,520 Speaker 1: if he could land this deal. But there was a problem. 152 00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:46,120 Speaker 1: He was dead set on using that direct current as 153 00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:49,640 Speaker 1: a means of transmitting electricity, and that had limitations. Now, 154 00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:52,400 Speaker 1: there are a lot of advantages to using direct current. 155 00:09:53,400 --> 00:09:57,679 Speaker 1: Most of our electronics use direct current to operate. Anything 156 00:09:57,800 --> 00:10:00,719 Speaker 1: that uses a battery uses direct current. Most of our 157 00:10:01,640 --> 00:10:03,559 Speaker 1: most of the things we rely on use direct current. 158 00:10:03,600 --> 00:10:08,200 Speaker 1: There's usually a device that converts alternating current to direct 159 00:10:08,200 --> 00:10:11,000 Speaker 1: current so that we can actually use it. So if 160 00:10:11,040 --> 00:10:14,120 Speaker 1: we had direct current going straight into our homes, we 161 00:10:14,160 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: wouldn't need those additional converters and everything would be more efficient. 162 00:10:20,040 --> 00:10:23,280 Speaker 1: It's also a really simple way to generate electricity, but 163 00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:27,160 Speaker 1: they're big drawbacks, and the biggest one is that transmitting 164 00:10:27,440 --> 00:10:30,880 Speaker 1: DC power over distance isn't easy. You lose energy the 165 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:33,679 Speaker 1: further away from the power source you are, so a 166 00:10:33,800 --> 00:10:36,800 Speaker 1: direct current, you want the load, that is the thing 167 00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:40,040 Speaker 1: that electricity is going to power, to be very close 168 00:10:40,120 --> 00:10:42,800 Speaker 1: to the source. The further away from the source it is, 169 00:10:42,840 --> 00:10:45,200 Speaker 1: the less energy is actually reaching the load, and the 170 00:10:45,280 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: less effective it is. So in other words, you would 171 00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:51,760 Speaker 1: have to build DC power plants, a lot more of 172 00:10:51,800 --> 00:10:55,840 Speaker 1: them and a lot closer to the loads as you 173 00:10:55,880 --> 00:10:58,439 Speaker 1: go along, and that was not a great solution for 174 00:10:58,520 --> 00:11:00,880 Speaker 1: some people, like it might be fine in an urban 175 00:11:01,000 --> 00:11:05,280 Speaker 1: environment where people are packed in very dense populations, but 176 00:11:05,400 --> 00:11:09,320 Speaker 1: in places like the suburbs or the rural areas, it 177 00:11:09,400 --> 00:11:12,720 Speaker 1: was a lot harder to justify because you couldn't build 178 00:11:12,720 --> 00:11:15,320 Speaker 1: the DC power plants as close to the homes as 179 00:11:15,360 --> 00:11:19,960 Speaker 1: needed to be. So Edison started looking into ways of 180 00:11:20,000 --> 00:11:23,920 Speaker 1: perhaps boosting DC power transmission. One of the people he 181 00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:28,560 Speaker 1: consulted with was Nicola Tesla, and Tesla had recommended that 182 00:11:28,679 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: Edison abandoned direct current or transmission and switched to alternating 183 00:11:33,320 --> 00:11:37,719 Speaker 1: current or a C electricity instead. Now, one thing you've 184 00:11:37,720 --> 00:11:40,760 Speaker 1: got to make clear, and I've said this before, it's 185 00:11:40,800 --> 00:11:42,920 Speaker 1: one of those things that I think a lot of 186 00:11:42,920 --> 00:11:46,680 Speaker 1: people are mistaken about. Tesla did not invent the idea 187 00:11:46,720 --> 00:11:50,480 Speaker 1: of alternating current. He's often given that credit, but that 188 00:11:50,600 --> 00:11:53,640 Speaker 1: is just not true. Alternating current had already been used 189 00:11:53,640 --> 00:11:56,679 Speaker 1: when Tesla was just a kid. He a c had 190 00:11:56,720 --> 00:12:00,760 Speaker 1: existed before Tesla was really born. Didn't start getting widely 191 00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:03,960 Speaker 1: used in Europe until Tesla was a child. But at 192 00:12:04,000 --> 00:12:07,959 Speaker 1: any rate, there were already pre existing alternating current systems 193 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:12,839 Speaker 1: that Tesla could witness and understand. Now, I don't want 194 00:12:12,840 --> 00:12:15,440 Speaker 1: to take too much away from Tesla, because he did 195 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:19,199 Speaker 1: have brilliant ideas on how to make alternating current more 196 00:12:19,200 --> 00:12:24,720 Speaker 1: efficient and practical. He actually improved the process dramatically so 197 00:12:24,920 --> 00:12:28,440 Speaker 1: it could be an effective means of transmitting power. It's 198 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,320 Speaker 1: just the principle itself had already existed before Tesla rose 199 00:12:32,360 --> 00:12:38,160 Speaker 1: to prominence. Now, Edison didn't see the benefit of alternating current. 200 00:12:38,200 --> 00:12:41,360 Speaker 1: He dismissed the idea, so Tesla would end up leaving 201 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:45,400 Speaker 1: Edison's company and try to raise money for his own operation, 202 00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:47,960 Speaker 1: even going so far as to dig ditches for the 203 00:12:48,080 --> 00:12:53,400 Speaker 1: Edison company to raise money for his own company. Now 204 00:12:53,440 --> 00:12:56,400 Speaker 1: we need to talk about George Westinghouse. He was the 205 00:12:56,440 --> 00:12:59,840 Speaker 1: founder of the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, and he's 206 00:13:00,000 --> 00:13:02,520 Speaker 1: saw the value of alternating current. He thought that was 207 00:13:02,559 --> 00:13:07,280 Speaker 1: the future, so he bought Tesla's patents. Now Edison suddenly 208 00:13:07,360 --> 00:13:11,880 Speaker 1: took notice because while Tesla he thought was kind of 209 00:13:11,920 --> 00:13:14,960 Speaker 1: a wild, crazy idea man who wasn't a real threat, 210 00:13:15,520 --> 00:13:20,040 Speaker 1: Westinghouse had influence and a lot of money. So now 211 00:13:20,240 --> 00:13:24,680 Speaker 1: Edison actually had a legitimate threat, a legitimate competitor. Tesla, 212 00:13:24,760 --> 00:13:27,680 Speaker 1: while brilliant, wasn't really much of a threat to Edison. 213 00:13:27,920 --> 00:13:30,600 Speaker 1: He couldn't do much on his own. Westinghouse was a 214 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:33,719 Speaker 1: different story, and Westinghouse was able to secure rights to 215 00:13:33,760 --> 00:13:37,000 Speaker 1: supply power to areas that Edison's power stations couldn't reach, 216 00:13:37,080 --> 00:13:41,400 Speaker 1: like those rural and suburban areas. Westinghouse also started making 217 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:45,400 Speaker 1: some headway into urban markets, mostly by selling electricity at 218 00:13:45,400 --> 00:13:50,600 Speaker 1: a loss to undercut Edison. So Westinghouse wasn't above doing some, 219 00:13:51,600 --> 00:13:55,680 Speaker 1: you know, some potentially harmful business practices in order to 220 00:13:56,200 --> 00:14:01,680 Speaker 1: eliminate the competition. Edison also not shy about competition. He 221 00:14:01,760 --> 00:14:04,040 Speaker 1: thrived on it. His response was to create a pr 222 00:14:04,120 --> 00:14:08,720 Speaker 1: campaign that claimed a c power was inherently deadly because 223 00:14:09,440 --> 00:14:12,800 Speaker 1: it required high voltage running through the wires. That's how 224 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:16,520 Speaker 1: alternating current is able to get much better transmission than 225 00:14:16,600 --> 00:14:20,600 Speaker 1: direct current. With alternating current, used transformers to step up 226 00:14:20,640 --> 00:14:23,120 Speaker 1: the voltage until you get to these very high levels 227 00:14:23,480 --> 00:14:26,800 Speaker 1: to run through cable over great distances, and then use 228 00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:29,680 Speaker 1: other transformers to step down the voltage to deliver the 229 00:14:29,720 --> 00:14:34,600 Speaker 1: electricity to houses. And Edison was convinced that this alternating current, 230 00:14:34,640 --> 00:14:38,320 Speaker 1: this high voltage was absolutely deadly and if it were 231 00:14:38,360 --> 00:14:43,360 Speaker 1: put in widespread use, it would cause deaths by electrocution 232 00:14:43,640 --> 00:14:47,480 Speaker 1: across the United States. I assume he believed that. He 233 00:14:47,560 --> 00:14:50,520 Speaker 1: certainly acted as if he did uh, and he was 234 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:57,320 Speaker 1: inspired to really push that idea. Now something happened that 235 00:14:57,480 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 1: was a little bit against more than a little bit, 236 00:15:00,120 --> 00:15:03,480 Speaker 1: very much against Edison's principles. But I think it says 237 00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:07,000 Speaker 1: a lot about his character based upon what he did. 238 00:15:07,200 --> 00:15:10,360 Speaker 1: A dentist actually came up to him and had proposed 239 00:15:10,400 --> 00:15:14,800 Speaker 1: the idea of using electricity as a means of execution, 240 00:15:15,440 --> 00:15:19,880 Speaker 1: using electrocution to kill criminals. He thought that it could 241 00:15:19,880 --> 00:15:23,360 Speaker 1: be a faster and more humane way of putting someone 242 00:15:23,400 --> 00:15:27,240 Speaker 1: to death than the other methods of the era. Now, 243 00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:32,440 Speaker 1: Edison philosophically opposed the death penalty. He was not in 244 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:36,720 Speaker 1: favor of it, but he also saw in this request 245 00:15:36,760 --> 00:15:43,360 Speaker 1: the possibility of associating Westinghouses alternating current power with electrocution, 246 00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:49,680 Speaker 1: and that led to Edison really pushing this idea, ultimately 247 00:15:50,680 --> 00:15:55,320 Speaker 1: leading to demonstrations public demonstrations in which Edison would electrocute 248 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:59,600 Speaker 1: various animals, starting off with stray dogs. He would pay 249 00:15:59,760 --> 00:16:02,720 Speaker 1: to have stray dogs rounded up and then electrocute them 250 00:16:02,720 --> 00:16:07,400 Speaker 1: and to demonstrate that alternating current was deadly. Ultimately, the 251 00:16:07,680 --> 00:16:11,720 Speaker 1: big one that everyone remembers is that Edison used the 252 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:15,360 Speaker 1: alternating current to put six thousand volts into an elephant, 253 00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:19,960 Speaker 1: electrocuting an elephant to death. Um it was an elephant 254 00:16:20,040 --> 00:16:25,680 Speaker 1: that had previously killed three different people, Although the treatment 255 00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:27,960 Speaker 1: of the elephant was a large factor in that, I 256 00:16:27,960 --> 00:16:31,360 Speaker 1: would imagine at any rate, Edison thought of this as 257 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:34,600 Speaker 1: being completely justifiable, both for the means of putting his 258 00:16:34,600 --> 00:16:37,560 Speaker 1: competitor out of business and to end what he viewed 259 00:16:37,640 --> 00:16:42,160 Speaker 1: as a dangerous technology. Now, Edison even funded the design 260 00:16:42,200 --> 00:16:45,360 Speaker 1: of an electric chair, but he did so behind the scenes, 261 00:16:45,840 --> 00:16:50,000 Speaker 1: so he essentially paid off the inventor, Harold Brown was 262 00:16:50,360 --> 00:16:55,040 Speaker 1: given the task to design an electric chair, and Edison 263 00:16:55,120 --> 00:16:59,000 Speaker 1: was paying Harold Brown to use alternating current in that design. 264 00:17:00,120 --> 00:17:02,800 Speaker 1: So when the murderer, William Kimmler was scheduled to be 265 00:17:02,840 --> 00:17:05,400 Speaker 1: the first criminal to be executed by the electric chair, 266 00:17:06,000 --> 00:17:12,160 Speaker 1: Edison tried to popularize the term westinghoused for electrocution, as 267 00:17:12,200 --> 00:17:18,080 Speaker 1: in Kimmler was to be westinghoused, not just executed by electricity. 268 00:17:18,960 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 1: So again pretty negative pr campaign. By the way, that 269 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:27,600 Speaker 1: execution did not go so well. Kimmler was strapped into 270 00:17:27,600 --> 00:17:33,360 Speaker 1: the chair, the switch was thrown, and Kimdler he tensed up. 271 00:17:33,840 --> 00:17:36,600 Speaker 1: People said that they saw him grip the sides of 272 00:17:36,600 --> 00:17:40,399 Speaker 1: the chair so hard that his hands began to bleed um. 273 00:17:40,440 --> 00:17:45,880 Speaker 1: He was convulsing when the A C dynamo essentially ran 274 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,040 Speaker 1: off juice when they turned the switch off. Uh. They 275 00:17:49,040 --> 00:17:52,479 Speaker 1: were raided to pronounce Kimler dead when he suddenly started 276 00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:57,280 Speaker 1: breathing again, which horrified many of the witnesses. There were 277 00:17:57,320 --> 00:18:02,200 Speaker 1: reports of people fainting or being sick because this supposedly 278 00:18:02,359 --> 00:18:07,280 Speaker 1: humane means of putting someone to death had just dramatically 279 00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:14,040 Speaker 1: had this this reaction of convulsions, and now the prisoner 280 00:18:14,160 --> 00:18:18,359 Speaker 1: was breathing again, not conscious, but was breathing. Meanwhile, the 281 00:18:18,400 --> 00:18:22,280 Speaker 1: A C dynamo needed to be charged again in order 282 00:18:22,359 --> 00:18:25,840 Speaker 1: for it to deliver another shock. So it took some time, 283 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:28,960 Speaker 1: and it led some people to fear that Kindler would 284 00:18:29,119 --> 00:18:33,640 Speaker 1: regain consciousness, but they were able to deliver a second 285 00:18:33,800 --> 00:18:39,040 Speaker 1: fatal shock uh and actually complete the execution by electrocution. 286 00:18:39,080 --> 00:18:44,440 Speaker 1: Westinghouse was absolutely horrified by the whole ordeal and said 287 00:18:44,520 --> 00:18:49,960 Speaker 1: that the demonstration showed that electrocution is not a humane 288 00:18:50,280 --> 00:18:54,080 Speaker 1: method humane method of execution, and proclaimed there would never 289 00:18:54,119 --> 00:18:58,600 Speaker 1: again be an execution by electrocution. Now, all of this 290 00:18:58,760 --> 00:19:04,320 Speaker 1: grim theater ended up being unnecessary. Edison's efforts were all 291 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:08,960 Speaker 1: for not because Westinghouse secured the rights supply electricity to 292 00:19:09,000 --> 00:19:14,920 Speaker 1: the eight Chicago World's Fair. The fair allowed Westinghouse an 293 00:19:14,920 --> 00:19:19,280 Speaker 1: opportunity to generate a huge amount of positive publicity for 294 00:19:19,320 --> 00:19:23,400 Speaker 1: the Westinghouse company and for alternating current, and the transmission 295 00:19:23,400 --> 00:19:28,320 Speaker 1: method was secure, so Westinghouse one out in the short run. Anyway, 296 00:19:29,240 --> 00:19:33,320 Speaker 1: Eventually Edison's company would win out and Westinghouse would kind 297 00:19:33,320 --> 00:19:38,560 Speaker 1: of fade into obscurity, but the actual rivalry during their lifetimes. 298 00:19:38,800 --> 00:19:42,119 Speaker 1: Westinghouse was the clear winner of that one. Alright. So 299 00:19:42,160 --> 00:19:45,560 Speaker 1: those are two classic rivalries from ages past. Now we're 300 00:19:45,560 --> 00:19:48,280 Speaker 1: going to jump forward about a century to look at 301 00:19:48,280 --> 00:19:52,320 Speaker 1: the next one, because, uh, I mean, there are tons 302 00:19:52,320 --> 00:19:54,199 Speaker 1: of different rivalries I could focus on, but some of 303 00:19:54,240 --> 00:19:55,960 Speaker 1: these are really fun and some of them are so 304 00:19:56,160 --> 00:19:59,800 Speaker 1: are very illustrative of how far people are willing to 305 00:19:59,840 --> 00:20:04,120 Speaker 1: go in order to get their ideas across. So that's next. 306 00:20:04,160 --> 00:20:07,159 Speaker 1: One I want to talk about is Motorola versus a 307 00:20:07,280 --> 00:20:09,760 Speaker 1: T and T in the mobile phone wars. And this 308 00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:12,679 Speaker 1: was in the late nineteen sixties and early nineteen seventies 309 00:20:13,119 --> 00:20:15,720 Speaker 1: when a T and T S research and development arm 310 00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:18,480 Speaker 1: called Bell Labs. We've talked about Bell Labs on this 311 00:20:18,560 --> 00:20:21,880 Speaker 1: show many times. Bell Labs was working on a new 312 00:20:21,880 --> 00:20:25,520 Speaker 1: way to make and receive phone calls, uh, and it 313 00:20:25,640 --> 00:20:30,000 Speaker 1: was a cellular service. It was using a cell methodology 314 00:20:30,080 --> 00:20:33,720 Speaker 1: to transfer phones from one cell to the next to 315 00:20:33,800 --> 00:20:36,800 Speaker 1: allow a continuous phone call whenever a phone was in motion, 316 00:20:37,840 --> 00:20:42,440 Speaker 1: and a T and T S aim was to create 317 00:20:42,560 --> 00:20:46,200 Speaker 1: this technology specifically for car phones. That was really the 318 00:20:46,240 --> 00:20:48,800 Speaker 1: application they were looking at. They weren't thinking about mobile 319 00:20:48,840 --> 00:20:51,760 Speaker 1: phones but car phones. So I guess you could argue 320 00:20:51,760 --> 00:20:53,960 Speaker 1: that car phones are mobile, but you couldn't take them 321 00:20:53,960 --> 00:20:56,159 Speaker 1: out of the car. They would just be, you know, 322 00:20:56,280 --> 00:21:00,200 Speaker 1: built into the car itself. Another company thought there could 323 00:21:00,240 --> 00:21:04,359 Speaker 1: be a different use personal mobile phones, things that you 324 00:21:04,359 --> 00:21:06,840 Speaker 1: could actually carry with you, they wouldn't be stuck in 325 00:21:06,880 --> 00:21:11,160 Speaker 1: the car, and that company was Motorola. So Motorola gave 326 00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:14,600 Speaker 1: the project of developing a truly mobile phone to Martin Cooper, 327 00:21:14,880 --> 00:21:17,320 Speaker 1: and Cooper and his team got to work in nineteen 328 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:20,000 Speaker 1: seventy two on developing a phone that could be carried 329 00:21:20,040 --> 00:21:23,320 Speaker 1: on a person and one that didn't require any sort 330 00:21:23,359 --> 00:21:26,680 Speaker 1: of wires connected to a base station, so it would 331 00:21:26,720 --> 00:21:31,679 Speaker 1: be another cell phone type of phone. The phone that 332 00:21:31,720 --> 00:21:35,719 Speaker 1: they designed was officially named the Dina Tack d Y 333 00:21:36,000 --> 00:21:42,760 Speaker 1: in A T A C, and inside the Motorola group 334 00:21:42,880 --> 00:21:45,479 Speaker 1: they referred to it as a shoe phone because of 335 00:21:45,520 --> 00:21:47,359 Speaker 1: the shape of the phone. It was a big brick 336 00:21:47,400 --> 00:21:50,200 Speaker 1: of a thing that looked kind of like the shape 337 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:53,040 Speaker 1: of a shoe. In nineteen seventy three, the team was 338 00:21:53,080 --> 00:21:55,920 Speaker 1: ready to unveil the project and perform a public demonstration, 339 00:21:56,080 --> 00:22:00,439 Speaker 1: so Cooper had the perfect idea to do this. His 340 00:22:00,480 --> 00:22:03,840 Speaker 1: team installed a cell transmitter on a New York City building. 341 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:06,960 Speaker 1: They got permission to attach a transmitter to a tower, 342 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:13,159 Speaker 1: and on April third, Ninete Martin Cooper grabbed the phone. 343 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:18,000 Speaker 1: It's weighed about two pounds, and took that out to 344 00:22:18,119 --> 00:22:21,159 Speaker 1: the streets of New York City and he used that 345 00:22:21,200 --> 00:22:25,399 Speaker 1: phone to call a person named Joel Ingle. So who 346 00:22:25,520 --> 00:22:29,800 Speaker 1: was Joel Lingle? He was an engineer who worked at 347 00:22:29,880 --> 00:22:33,320 Speaker 1: Bell Labs. So essentially Ingle was a T and T 348 00:22:33,600 --> 00:22:37,840 Speaker 1: S counterpart to motor Rola's Martin Cooper. So Cooper essentially 349 00:22:37,880 --> 00:22:42,679 Speaker 1: calls his his counterpart and to his competitor, and he 350 00:22:42,840 --> 00:22:46,000 Speaker 1: rather cheekily needled Ingle with the reveal that he was 351 00:22:46,080 --> 00:22:49,159 Speaker 1: being called on a mobile phone that wasn't a car phone, 352 00:22:49,840 --> 00:22:52,040 Speaker 1: and then Cooper went on his jolly little way to 353 00:22:52,080 --> 00:22:56,439 Speaker 1: hold a press conference about the developing technology. Now, would 354 00:22:56,520 --> 00:22:59,600 Speaker 1: mobile phones be limited to cars if it weren't for 355 00:22:59,680 --> 00:23:04,639 Speaker 1: motor Rolla and Martin Cooper. Probably not, And even Motorola's 356 00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:07,440 Speaker 1: invention wouldn't be ready for consumers for another ten years 357 00:23:07,520 --> 00:23:10,200 Speaker 1: or so. But the rivalry was a really fun one, 358 00:23:10,240 --> 00:23:14,719 Speaker 1: so I decided I had to include it. In this episode, Okay, 359 00:23:14,760 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 1: we've got to talk about a little company called Apple. 360 00:23:18,280 --> 00:23:21,399 Speaker 1: Apple has had some of the most famous rivalries in 361 00:23:21,520 --> 00:23:26,399 Speaker 1: technology with lots of different companies, in fact, largely because 362 00:23:26,480 --> 00:23:29,080 Speaker 1: Apple is involved with lots of different types of tech. 363 00:23:29,400 --> 00:23:32,159 Speaker 1: So it's not as simple as Apple versus Microsoft, or 364 00:23:32,200 --> 00:23:34,720 Speaker 1: even Apple versus IBM, but both will play a part. 365 00:23:35,000 --> 00:23:36,520 Speaker 1: So I'm gonna give a rundown on some of the 366 00:23:36,520 --> 00:23:40,800 Speaker 1: biggest rivalries involving Apple, including an internal rivalry within the 367 00:23:40,840 --> 00:23:43,520 Speaker 1: company itself. Just keep in mind that a lot of 368 00:23:43,560 --> 00:23:46,800 Speaker 1: these rivalries overlap each other, so it's not like one 369 00:23:46,880 --> 00:23:49,320 Speaker 1: began and ended and then another one began and ended. 370 00:23:50,200 --> 00:23:52,560 Speaker 1: But the first one we need to look at is 371 00:23:52,640 --> 00:23:56,920 Speaker 1: Apple versus IBM. So both companies were aiming to dominate 372 00:23:56,960 --> 00:24:00,280 Speaker 1: the personal computer market. Apple had an early success. They 373 00:24:00,280 --> 00:24:03,120 Speaker 1: had really hit the ground running with the Apple too. 374 00:24:03,160 --> 00:24:06,960 Speaker 1: It was incredibly popular for its time. But IBM was 375 00:24:07,000 --> 00:24:10,920 Speaker 1: a huge company with nearly a century of history behind it, 376 00:24:11,400 --> 00:24:14,359 Speaker 1: and IBM had been building computers for enterprises and felt 377 00:24:14,359 --> 00:24:17,760 Speaker 1: the PC market was the next big thing. So as 378 00:24:17,800 --> 00:24:22,400 Speaker 1: the IBM PC debuted, Apple had to strike back. So 379 00:24:23,200 --> 00:24:27,520 Speaker 1: famous Apple at ran during the Super Bowl and it 380 00:24:27,600 --> 00:24:31,760 Speaker 1: portrayed IBM as the evil Empire. It was sort of Orwellian, 381 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:37,080 Speaker 1: very faceless, and everyone is just a number, a cog 382 00:24:37,119 --> 00:24:41,080 Speaker 1: in a machine, and the Macintosh computer was positioned to 383 00:24:41,119 --> 00:24:44,159 Speaker 1: be the machine for people wishing to maintain their individuality 384 00:24:44,280 --> 00:24:47,600 Speaker 1: rather than to become a clone. Jobs himself had said 385 00:24:47,640 --> 00:24:50,840 Speaker 1: that if for some reason we make some big mistake 386 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:54,160 Speaker 1: and IBM wins, my personal feeling is that we are 387 00:24:54,240 --> 00:24:58,280 Speaker 1: going to enter a computer dark ages. For about twenty years, 388 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:02,880 Speaker 1: shots were five aired um. IBM fought back by employing 389 00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:05,679 Speaker 1: a former ally of Apple. And that brings us to 390 00:25:05,800 --> 00:25:10,000 Speaker 1: the second big rivalry in Apple's history. And we're talking 391 00:25:10,040 --> 00:25:14,320 Speaker 1: about Apple and Microsoft, and this one is a doozy. 392 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:18,520 Speaker 1: So the two companies shared a lot of similarities. Microsoft 393 00:25:18,560 --> 00:25:23,479 Speaker 1: was founded on April fourth, nineteen seventy Apple was founded 394 00:25:23,520 --> 00:25:29,960 Speaker 1: on April one, nineteen seventy six, so almost a year later, 395 00:25:30,320 --> 00:25:33,520 Speaker 1: not quite, just barely shy of a year later. So 396 00:25:33,640 --> 00:25:40,840 Speaker 1: Microsoft is just a hair under a year older than Apple. Meanwhile, 397 00:25:41,119 --> 00:25:43,520 Speaker 1: two of the co founders, you know, Bill Gates for 398 00:25:43,600 --> 00:25:47,359 Speaker 1: Microsoft and Steed Jobs for Apple, were very similar. Both 399 00:25:47,359 --> 00:25:51,679 Speaker 1: were college dropouts, both had big ideas. Gates's approach was 400 00:25:51,760 --> 00:25:55,159 Speaker 1: to develop software that would run on personal computers in 401 00:25:55,200 --> 00:26:00,639 Speaker 1: the future. Jobs's idea was to develop both software and hardware, 402 00:26:00,640 --> 00:26:03,439 Speaker 1: so he wanted to create the computers along with the 403 00:26:03,480 --> 00:26:06,720 Speaker 1: operating systems and software that was used on them. And 404 00:26:06,760 --> 00:26:09,680 Speaker 1: at first there wasn't a direct rivalry between the two companies. 405 00:26:09,680 --> 00:26:12,720 Speaker 1: In fact, Microsoft developed software both for the Apple to 406 00:26:12,840 --> 00:26:16,600 Speaker 1: computer and the Macintosh. But in the mid nineteen eighties, 407 00:26:16,640 --> 00:26:20,000 Speaker 1: Microsoft began to develop Windows, which is a graphical user 408 00:26:20,040 --> 00:26:25,440 Speaker 1: interface operating system. Apple and Steve Jobs in particular, felt 409 00:26:25,480 --> 00:26:28,679 Speaker 1: that Windows bore more than a passing resemblance to the 410 00:26:28,760 --> 00:26:33,120 Speaker 1: mac os, which Microsoft had access to even before the 411 00:26:33,200 --> 00:26:37,639 Speaker 1: operating system came to market. So essentially the accusation was 412 00:26:37,680 --> 00:26:41,560 Speaker 1: that Microsoft was copying Apple. This is kind of funny 413 00:26:41,560 --> 00:26:44,600 Speaker 1: to me, because Apple and itself was kind of copying Xerox. 414 00:26:44,680 --> 00:26:49,240 Speaker 1: But Apple is one of those companies that while Steve 415 00:26:49,320 --> 00:26:53,600 Speaker 1: Jobs felt that that great great minds steal, he wasn't 416 00:26:53,640 --> 00:26:56,720 Speaker 1: too happy when it was being done to him. So 417 00:26:56,960 --> 00:27:00,240 Speaker 1: Apple actually went beyond words with this bad all and 418 00:27:00,280 --> 00:27:04,160 Speaker 1: took it to the courtroom. Apple sued Microsoft or copyright infringement. 419 00:27:05,040 --> 00:27:08,840 Speaker 1: The lawsuit went for several years, but ultimately the court 420 00:27:08,920 --> 00:27:12,880 Speaker 1: decided against Apple. Apple appealed the decision. They even went 421 00:27:12,920 --> 00:27:14,879 Speaker 1: so far as to petition the U. S. Supreme Court 422 00:27:14,920 --> 00:27:17,760 Speaker 1: to hear the case, but they were denied. The Supreme 423 00:27:17,760 --> 00:27:20,520 Speaker 1: Court said no, we're not gonna listen to it, and 424 00:27:20,600 --> 00:27:26,639 Speaker 1: the matter came to arrest. Microsoft helped the PC dominate 425 00:27:26,680 --> 00:27:31,639 Speaker 1: the market over the Macintosh. So Microsoft gets involved in 426 00:27:31,800 --> 00:27:37,320 Speaker 1: IBM and IBM clones and provides this Windows, this graphical 427 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:41,960 Speaker 1: user interface operating system and helps the PC command a 428 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:44,680 Speaker 1: huge amount of the market share and shrinking Apple's influence 429 00:27:44,760 --> 00:27:47,680 Speaker 1: to less than ten percent of the overall market, which 430 00:27:47,680 --> 00:27:50,520 Speaker 1: is a big change. This also brings up the internal 431 00:27:50,600 --> 00:27:53,240 Speaker 1: rivalry I mentioned earlier, the one that happened in Apple. 432 00:27:53,359 --> 00:27:57,680 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs was a divisive figure. Seems like it's an 433 00:27:57,720 --> 00:28:01,800 Speaker 1: accurate thing to say he's really passionate salesman, a very 434 00:28:02,240 --> 00:28:06,359 Speaker 1: visionary person as far as product design was concerned. Um, 435 00:28:06,400 --> 00:28:10,600 Speaker 1: you know, people had have criticized Jobs by saying that 436 00:28:10,640 --> 00:28:13,360 Speaker 1: he was more of kind of a grand idea man 437 00:28:13,560 --> 00:28:17,080 Speaker 1: and relied heavily on other people to implement it. But 438 00:28:17,160 --> 00:28:21,520 Speaker 1: his success record shows that, uh that his ideas were 439 00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:26,119 Speaker 1: very popular with people. They were on track. He was 440 00:28:26,280 --> 00:28:29,320 Speaker 1: very concerned with design, and it turns out that concern 441 00:28:29,400 --> 00:28:32,680 Speaker 1: was well founded, but he was also seen as hot 442 00:28:32,720 --> 00:28:36,200 Speaker 1: headed and difficult to work with. This is true both 443 00:28:36,200 --> 00:28:38,440 Speaker 1: in the early days of Apple as well as the 444 00:28:38,600 --> 00:28:43,200 Speaker 1: second reign of Steve Jobs. So he was the founder 445 00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:45,680 Speaker 1: of the company, but he wasn't the CEO by the 446 00:28:45,720 --> 00:28:49,120 Speaker 1: mid eighties. In fact, Jobs had hired on John Scully 447 00:28:49,200 --> 00:28:51,959 Speaker 1: to fill that position in nine three, that's when Apple 448 00:28:52,000 --> 00:28:58,080 Speaker 1: became a publicly traded company. By five, after disappointing McIntosh 449 00:28:58,240 --> 00:29:02,040 Speaker 1: sales figures and complaints from Jobs as employees that Steve 450 00:29:02,120 --> 00:29:05,480 Speaker 1: Jobs was very difficult to work for, Scully consulted the 451 00:29:05,480 --> 00:29:09,320 Speaker 1: board of directors and together they decided that it was 452 00:29:09,400 --> 00:29:14,000 Speaker 1: best to remove Jobs from his leadership position. So technically 453 00:29:14,040 --> 00:29:16,200 Speaker 1: Steve Jobs still worked for Apple, but he was kind 454 00:29:16,240 --> 00:29:19,640 Speaker 1: of pushed to what was called Siberia where he had 455 00:29:19,760 --> 00:29:22,400 Speaker 1: very little influence on anything that was going on in 456 00:29:22,440 --> 00:29:25,600 Speaker 1: Apple and really had nothing much to do. So that 457 00:29:25,640 --> 00:29:29,920 Speaker 1: didn't sit well with Steve Jobs. He actually decided to quit. 458 00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:34,640 Speaker 1: So in the summer he left Apple and he formed 459 00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:38,360 Speaker 1: a new computer company called Next, and he launched a 460 00:29:38,400 --> 00:29:41,160 Speaker 1: little animation studio. You might have heard of called Pixar 461 00:29:41,520 --> 00:29:45,760 Speaker 1: during that time. Meanwhile, Apple didn't do so well without 462 00:29:45,920 --> 00:29:49,000 Speaker 1: Jobs Steve Jobs. That is, there were a series of 463 00:29:49,000 --> 00:29:51,600 Speaker 1: decisions that had kind of watered down the culture of 464 00:29:51,600 --> 00:29:56,320 Speaker 1: the company, including licensing of technology, something that Steve Jobs 465 00:29:56,320 --> 00:30:00,080 Speaker 1: never would have stood for, and the company itself was 466 00:30:00,080 --> 00:30:03,280 Speaker 1: on the verge of collapse in the ninety nineties. That 467 00:30:03,400 --> 00:30:06,080 Speaker 1: was when the board reached out back to Steve Jobs 468 00:30:06,120 --> 00:30:09,600 Speaker 1: and said please come back, originally as sort of an 469 00:30:09,600 --> 00:30:13,960 Speaker 1: interim CEO, but Jobs would of course become the permanent CEO. 470 00:30:14,480 --> 00:30:17,040 Speaker 1: So Steve Jobs agreed to come back and things began 471 00:30:17,080 --> 00:30:20,320 Speaker 1: to turn around, though not immediately. So one of Steve 472 00:30:20,400 --> 00:30:25,160 Speaker 1: jobs first actions, it's kind of a move of desperation. Uh, 473 00:30:25,160 --> 00:30:28,280 Speaker 1: the company was doing really poorly. He ended up turning 474 00:30:28,360 --> 00:30:32,800 Speaker 1: to Microsoft for help. So, even though Apple and Microsoft 475 00:30:32,840 --> 00:30:37,120 Speaker 1: at this point had a rather tumultuous relationship, largely because 476 00:30:37,600 --> 00:30:41,920 Speaker 1: Apple had come after Microsoft so hard in the lawsuit, 477 00:30:43,440 --> 00:30:46,920 Speaker 1: Jobs turns to Microsoft for help, and Apple and Microsoft 478 00:30:47,200 --> 00:30:51,600 Speaker 1: strike a deal. Microsoft invests a sizeable sum of money 479 00:30:51,720 --> 00:30:56,280 Speaker 1: into Apple, and in return, Apple forms of partnership with Microsoft, 480 00:30:56,560 --> 00:30:59,840 Speaker 1: names Internet Explorer as the browser of choice for Mac 481 00:31:00,000 --> 00:31:03,680 Speaker 1: computers as well as integrating other types of Mac software 482 00:31:03,760 --> 00:31:08,080 Speaker 1: into or Microsoft software into the MAX. So this partnership 483 00:31:08,160 --> 00:31:12,640 Speaker 1: lasts for about five years. That's how long the agreement 484 00:31:13,120 --> 00:31:16,560 Speaker 1: was h was supposed to last, and then after that 485 00:31:16,600 --> 00:31:19,840 Speaker 1: they could choose to renew it or not. So once 486 00:31:19,840 --> 00:31:22,520 Speaker 1: those years were up, things went back to being pretty 487 00:31:22,640 --> 00:31:26,600 Speaker 1: rough between Microsoft and Apple. That's when we started seeing 488 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:29,160 Speaker 1: the Mac versus PC ads coming out, you know, the 489 00:31:29,200 --> 00:31:31,560 Speaker 1: high I'm a Mac and I'm a PC, the ones 490 00:31:31,600 --> 00:31:34,600 Speaker 1: with John Hodgman in them. It's also when Apple made 491 00:31:34,600 --> 00:31:37,680 Speaker 1: the decision to move into a space that Microsoft hadn't 492 00:31:37,680 --> 00:31:41,280 Speaker 1: really cracked yet, which was mobile computing. And that's how 493 00:31:41,320 --> 00:31:46,240 Speaker 1: Apple managed to build momentum and eventually pass Microsoft in value. 494 00:31:46,880 --> 00:31:50,880 Speaker 1: So it was a long battle, and Microsoft dominated the 495 00:31:50,920 --> 00:31:54,440 Speaker 1: market for ages, and really still in the PC market, 496 00:31:54,480 --> 00:31:58,040 Speaker 1: Microsoft is is ahead of Apple. But when you look 497 00:31:58,080 --> 00:32:01,440 Speaker 1: at where most of the movement is going toward, with 498 00:32:01,520 --> 00:32:04,760 Speaker 1: the mobile platforms being way more important than desktop and 499 00:32:04,880 --> 00:32:08,680 Speaker 1: laptops happened to be these days, Apple has kind of 500 00:32:08,880 --> 00:32:13,320 Speaker 1: one you would say that they're currently winning, especially if 501 00:32:13,320 --> 00:32:15,760 Speaker 1: you look at the value of the two companies. Apple's 502 00:32:15,920 --> 00:32:21,160 Speaker 1: value is astronomical. Now when jobs came back to Apple, 503 00:32:21,800 --> 00:32:25,560 Speaker 1: another rivalry started up. That's when Michael Dell of Dell 504 00:32:25,640 --> 00:32:29,720 Speaker 1: Computers made a statement that ruffled some feathers. Dell said 505 00:32:29,760 --> 00:32:32,000 Speaker 1: that if he had been put in charge of Apple 506 00:32:32,160 --> 00:32:34,720 Speaker 1: at that time, when the company was on the verge 507 00:32:34,720 --> 00:32:38,520 Speaker 1: of collapsing, he would have just shut it down and 508 00:32:38,560 --> 00:32:42,880 Speaker 1: returned the money to shareholders. Jobs meanwhile said that Dell 509 00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:45,720 Speaker 1: and Apple were the only two companies in the computer 510 00:32:45,800 --> 00:32:49,160 Speaker 1: industry that we're actually making money at that time. Only 511 00:32:49,280 --> 00:32:52,280 Speaker 1: Apple did it through innovation, while Dell did it by 512 00:32:52,440 --> 00:32:59,560 Speaker 1: quote being Walmart end quote sick burn. Now there are 513 00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:02,280 Speaker 1: other I've alreadies to talk about. With Apple. During the 514 00:33:02,320 --> 00:33:06,080 Speaker 1: mobile era, which I guess we're still in technically, there 515 00:33:06,120 --> 00:33:09,720 Speaker 1: were a couple of big ones. Apple had a real 516 00:33:10,200 --> 00:33:12,960 Speaker 1: problem with Google. Steve Jobs really had a big problem 517 00:33:12,960 --> 00:33:16,320 Speaker 1: with Google. Jobs felt that the Android operating system was 518 00:33:16,400 --> 00:33:19,480 Speaker 1: a complete rip off of iOS and he wanted to 519 00:33:19,520 --> 00:33:22,920 Speaker 1: see it destroyed, famously saying that he would spend every 520 00:33:23,000 --> 00:33:26,440 Speaker 1: penny of Apple's billions of dollars in order to do it, 521 00:33:26,760 --> 00:33:30,840 Speaker 1: and that he would pursue this to his last dying breath. Now, 522 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:35,880 Speaker 1: Apple really concentrated on going after Android, not by targeting 523 00:33:35,920 --> 00:33:39,800 Speaker 1: Google directly, but instead looking at the companies that actually 524 00:33:39,920 --> 00:33:45,360 Speaker 1: used Android operating system, and specifically they targeted Samsung both 525 00:33:45,360 --> 00:33:50,360 Speaker 1: because there were hardware designs that Apple said infringed upon 526 00:33:50,440 --> 00:33:54,640 Speaker 1: their trademarks and patents uh and there were software issues 527 00:33:54,680 --> 00:33:57,920 Speaker 1: that they said were infringing upon patents. And so the 528 00:33:57,920 --> 00:34:01,640 Speaker 1: patent wars began between Samsung and Apple, and they're so 529 00:34:01,680 --> 00:34:04,080 Speaker 1: extensive that I'm not going to go into them here 530 00:34:04,920 --> 00:34:08,880 Speaker 1: except to say that there have been billions of dollars 531 00:34:08,920 --> 00:34:14,000 Speaker 1: awarded in various cases, sometimes for Apples, sometimes against Apple, 532 00:34:14,440 --> 00:34:17,879 Speaker 1: in different courts around the world. And it's a very 533 00:34:17,960 --> 00:34:24,480 Speaker 1: complicated series of accusations and counter accusations. So it's been 534 00:34:24,520 --> 00:34:29,000 Speaker 1: pretty ugly. Definitely one of the more um notable rivalries 535 00:34:29,040 --> 00:34:33,160 Speaker 1: in recent years. Now. On the social media side, one 536 00:34:33,160 --> 00:34:35,160 Speaker 1: of the great rivalries of the past few years was 537 00:34:35,239 --> 00:34:38,239 Speaker 1: between my Space and Facebook, which might seem hard to 538 00:34:38,280 --> 00:34:41,520 Speaker 1: believe now because a lot of people aren't even aware 539 00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:43,520 Speaker 1: that my Space was a thing at this point or 540 00:34:43,560 --> 00:34:46,239 Speaker 1: haven't thought about it in years, but my Space was 541 00:34:46,280 --> 00:34:49,160 Speaker 1: the dominant player in the game for quite a few years. 542 00:34:49,440 --> 00:34:52,240 Speaker 1: It was hard for someone on my Space to see 543 00:34:52,719 --> 00:34:56,000 Speaker 1: or to imagine that Facebook could possibly get ahead and 544 00:34:56,120 --> 00:34:59,880 Speaker 1: ultimately render my Space obsolete as a social networking site. 545 00:35:00,760 --> 00:35:04,280 Speaker 1: So my Space was founded in two thousand three. Facebook 546 00:35:04,280 --> 00:35:07,960 Speaker 1: would follow a year later, and my my Space incorporated 547 00:35:08,000 --> 00:35:11,120 Speaker 1: a ton of features, some of which weren't really that subtle. 548 00:35:11,600 --> 00:35:14,719 Speaker 1: You could customize your profile page in my Space quite 549 00:35:14,719 --> 00:35:17,960 Speaker 1: a bit. You can put on all sorts of different backgrounds. 550 00:35:18,000 --> 00:35:21,760 Speaker 1: You could include very simple animations in there that would 551 00:35:21,840 --> 00:35:25,480 Speaker 1: make your eyes bleed. You could include clips of music 552 00:35:25,600 --> 00:35:28,839 Speaker 1: that would auto play when you would visit the profile, which, 553 00:35:29,400 --> 00:35:31,840 Speaker 1: let me tell you how fun that was. Facebook, on 554 00:35:31,880 --> 00:35:34,600 Speaker 1: the other hand, was much more minimalist in its design. 555 00:35:34,640 --> 00:35:38,919 Speaker 1: Initially and in the earliest phases, it was not much 556 00:35:38,960 --> 00:35:41,920 Speaker 1: more than a tool to help college kids find a 557 00:35:42,040 --> 00:35:45,279 Speaker 1: date um and in fact, it was only open to 558 00:35:45,360 --> 00:35:49,360 Speaker 1: college students originally. Now During the mid two thousand's, MySpace 559 00:35:49,560 --> 00:35:54,840 Speaker 1: dominated Facebook, and in two thousand five, News Corporation acquired 560 00:35:54,920 --> 00:36:00,680 Speaker 1: my Space for five hundred eighty million dollars in enormous 561 00:36:00,719 --> 00:36:04,160 Speaker 1: acquisition at the time. In two thousand six, MySpace was 562 00:36:04,200 --> 00:36:08,040 Speaker 1: the most visited site on the web. Google was second place, 563 00:36:08,840 --> 00:36:12,960 Speaker 1: but Facebook's design and features were evolving over time. The 564 00:36:13,040 --> 00:36:16,640 Speaker 1: site started opening up to larger and larger populations opening 565 00:36:16,719 --> 00:36:20,239 Speaker 1: up beyond college students, and by two thousand nine, the 566 00:36:20,320 --> 00:36:24,040 Speaker 1: tables had turned and Facebook was receiving more visitors than 567 00:36:24,120 --> 00:36:27,120 Speaker 1: my Space. So the former giant began to see members 568 00:36:27,239 --> 00:36:29,960 Speaker 1: leaving for Facebook. Some of them were following friends who 569 00:36:30,000 --> 00:36:33,200 Speaker 1: had already left my Space, some of them were joining 570 00:36:33,239 --> 00:36:36,240 Speaker 1: friends who had Facebook accounts but had never even bothered 571 00:36:36,239 --> 00:36:39,680 Speaker 1: to build a MySpace account. And in two thousand and eleven, 572 00:36:40,320 --> 00:36:42,960 Speaker 1: News Corporations saw the writing on the wall and sold 573 00:36:43,040 --> 00:36:47,040 Speaker 1: my Space for an undisclosed sum. Now the sum is 574 00:36:47,080 --> 00:36:49,640 Speaker 1: officially undisclosed, but there have been a lot of estimations 575 00:36:49,640 --> 00:36:52,200 Speaker 1: out there, with the lowest being at around thirty five 576 00:36:52,239 --> 00:36:56,160 Speaker 1: million dollars. So remember they bought the company for five 577 00:36:56,280 --> 00:37:00,719 Speaker 1: hundred eighty million selling it for thirty five million. That's 578 00:37:00,719 --> 00:37:05,720 Speaker 1: a huge loss for News Corporation. Since then, my Space 579 00:37:05,760 --> 00:37:09,080 Speaker 1: reinvented itself as a music entertainment destination. That did that 580 00:37:09,120 --> 00:37:11,840 Speaker 1: back in two thousand twelve with the help of Justin Timberlake, 581 00:37:12,800 --> 00:37:15,840 Speaker 1: and all the user generated content that had existed on 582 00:37:15,880 --> 00:37:19,759 Speaker 1: the site has long since been deleted, So all those profiles, 583 00:37:19,800 --> 00:37:23,520 Speaker 1: the messages, the photos, the journal entries, all of those 584 00:37:23,560 --> 00:37:26,280 Speaker 1: things are gone, and that caused a lot of grief 585 00:37:26,320 --> 00:37:28,279 Speaker 1: with people. Some folks were saying, you know, I know, 586 00:37:28,360 --> 00:37:31,840 Speaker 1: I don't go to my space to comment anymore, to 587 00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:34,560 Speaker 1: interact with my friends, but I did still have a 588 00:37:34,600 --> 00:37:36,920 Speaker 1: lot of stuff there that was important to me, like 589 00:37:36,960 --> 00:37:40,640 Speaker 1: pictures of people who are no longer around, or thoughts 590 00:37:40,760 --> 00:37:44,320 Speaker 1: on on subjects that were really important. But I didn't 591 00:37:44,440 --> 00:37:47,520 Speaker 1: have anywhere else. So that caused some consternation when they 592 00:37:47,560 --> 00:37:50,560 Speaker 1: deleted all that user generated information. So how did my 593 00:37:50,640 --> 00:37:53,160 Speaker 1: Space actually fall like that? How did that all happen? 594 00:37:53,160 --> 00:37:56,600 Speaker 1: How could my Space, which had dominated had become the 595 00:37:56,600 --> 00:38:00,720 Speaker 1: most visited website in the world. How it it fail 596 00:38:01,239 --> 00:38:05,160 Speaker 1: so completely to this upstart Facebook. Well, a lot of 597 00:38:05,160 --> 00:38:08,560 Speaker 1: people have put thought to it, and one hypothesis is 598 00:38:08,600 --> 00:38:11,840 Speaker 1: that News Corporation put my Space under the leadership of 599 00:38:11,920 --> 00:38:15,080 Speaker 1: business executives who are used to formulating a strategy and 600 00:38:15,160 --> 00:38:18,120 Speaker 1: executing it. So, in other words, they would sit down, 601 00:38:18,840 --> 00:38:22,400 Speaker 1: make goals, make plans on how to achieve those goals, 602 00:38:22,520 --> 00:38:25,319 Speaker 1: and set forth doing it. And they were very you know, 603 00:38:25,960 --> 00:38:29,640 Speaker 1: kind of locked into those ideas. Meanwhile, Facebook grew up 604 00:38:29,680 --> 00:38:32,920 Speaker 1: in an environment where the company could experiment with ideas 605 00:38:33,000 --> 00:38:35,120 Speaker 1: and discard them if they didn't work very quickly. They 606 00:38:35,160 --> 00:38:37,879 Speaker 1: were very nimble in that way, so they could change 607 00:38:37,960 --> 00:38:41,279 Speaker 1: much more quickly, adapting to what people liked and get 608 00:38:41,360 --> 00:38:44,160 Speaker 1: rid of things that they didn't like, while my my 609 00:38:44,239 --> 00:38:47,000 Speaker 1: Space was bogged down and more of a corporate structure, 610 00:38:47,040 --> 00:38:51,000 Speaker 1: and in the end, Facebook's approach worked in that social 611 00:38:51,040 --> 00:38:58,480 Speaker 1: media sphere and my Space didn't. Some more recent rivalries 612 00:38:58,560 --> 00:39:02,640 Speaker 1: we've seen include companies like Uber and Lift, both of 613 00:39:02,640 --> 00:39:05,359 Speaker 1: which are those car hailing services. You know, you get 614 00:39:05,360 --> 00:39:08,120 Speaker 1: an app on your phone and you can hail a 615 00:39:08,200 --> 00:39:11,200 Speaker 1: car driver from Uber or driver from Lift and use 616 00:39:11,280 --> 00:39:13,080 Speaker 1: that to take you to wherever you're going to go. 617 00:39:13,840 --> 00:39:17,680 Speaker 1: They're very similar services. Both of those services have riled 618 00:39:17,719 --> 00:39:21,480 Speaker 1: city governments and taxi companies. But in two thousand and fourteen, 619 00:39:21,640 --> 00:39:24,960 Speaker 1: Uber really made the news got a lot of negative 620 00:39:25,000 --> 00:39:28,120 Speaker 1: press for this. They had a campaign to throw a 621 00:39:28,120 --> 00:39:32,520 Speaker 1: monkey wrench in lifts operations. Normally, I would say allegedly, 622 00:39:32,640 --> 00:39:36,800 Speaker 1: but memos from Uber leaked and we're published by various 623 00:39:37,600 --> 00:39:42,080 Speaker 1: publications on the web, and so Uber employees or contractors 624 00:39:42,200 --> 00:39:45,160 Speaker 1: were encouraged to use Lift services in an effort to 625 00:39:45,239 --> 00:39:50,399 Speaker 1: recruit drivers away from Lift and over to Uber. There 626 00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:55,480 Speaker 1: were also policies that told contractors to order and then 627 00:39:55,600 --> 00:39:58,839 Speaker 1: cancel lift rights. This had a couple of different reason 628 00:39:59,000 --> 00:40:01,719 Speaker 1: uh you know mo ovations. One was that it kept 629 00:40:01,760 --> 00:40:05,440 Speaker 1: lift drivers busy without having them earn money. So they 630 00:40:05,440 --> 00:40:08,600 Speaker 1: would be responding to a call and driving from one 631 00:40:08,640 --> 00:40:11,399 Speaker 1: point to another to pick up a fair, and then 632 00:40:11,480 --> 00:40:16,400 Speaker 1: the the call would be canceled and so they wouldn't 633 00:40:16,440 --> 00:40:18,839 Speaker 1: be making money. In that meantime, they'd be wasting time 634 00:40:18,880 --> 00:40:21,680 Speaker 1: going from point A to point B. The other reason 635 00:40:21,840 --> 00:40:26,200 Speaker 1: was to help mask the recruitment efforts from Uber executives. 636 00:40:26,239 --> 00:40:30,879 Speaker 1: So rather than allowing Lift to identify a pattern and 637 00:40:30,960 --> 00:40:35,000 Speaker 1: to say, oh, this one person is consistently trying to 638 00:40:35,200 --> 00:40:40,719 Speaker 1: recruit our employees or our drivers over to Uber, let's 639 00:40:40,800 --> 00:40:43,760 Speaker 1: ban them for life. This was a way of trying 640 00:40:43,800 --> 00:40:47,760 Speaker 1: to obfuse skate that. So it's all very spy movie esque. 641 00:40:48,400 --> 00:40:52,240 Speaker 1: Uber employees are contractors were even using burner cell phones 642 00:40:52,280 --> 00:40:55,080 Speaker 1: and varying their behavior to avoid setting patterns to help 643 00:40:55,160 --> 00:40:58,600 Speaker 1: limit the chance of being discovered. Now, Lift even went 644 00:40:58,640 --> 00:41:02,279 Speaker 1: so far as to sue it's own former CEO. The 645 00:41:02,320 --> 00:41:06,200 Speaker 1: executive had jumped ship to Uber, and Lift claimed that 646 00:41:06,200 --> 00:41:11,120 Speaker 1: that executive had shared confidential information about a ride sharing program, 647 00:41:11,160 --> 00:41:14,840 Speaker 1: and this was partially because both Uber and Lift announced 648 00:41:14,920 --> 00:41:17,759 Speaker 1: such a ride sharing program on the very same day. 649 00:41:18,000 --> 00:41:20,720 Speaker 1: And Lift said, well, the whole reason why this happened 650 00:41:20,800 --> 00:41:25,160 Speaker 1: was that someone who had uh confidential information shared it 651 00:41:25,200 --> 00:41:28,160 Speaker 1: with our competitors. So that's unfair and we're suing for it. 652 00:41:29,440 --> 00:41:33,360 Speaker 1: Another big rivalry going on right now is between Netflix, 653 00:41:33,640 --> 00:41:37,320 Speaker 1: Amazon and HBO. So Netflix and Amazon had been battling 654 00:41:37,320 --> 00:41:40,080 Speaker 1: it out for a while trying to secure content that 655 00:41:40,200 --> 00:41:44,520 Speaker 1: is exclusive to one or the other. Um they're also 656 00:41:44,840 --> 00:41:49,440 Speaker 1: creating their own individual original content and trying to kind 657 00:41:49,440 --> 00:41:52,600 Speaker 1: of dominate the streaming market. Meanwhile, HBO is a heard 658 00:41:52,600 --> 00:41:55,680 Speaker 1: the fray with HBO go with his own streaming service, 659 00:41:56,360 --> 00:42:00,319 Speaker 1: and that has prompted Netflix chief Content office sort to 660 00:42:00,360 --> 00:42:03,800 Speaker 1: say the goal for us is to become Hbo faster 661 00:42:03,880 --> 00:42:08,160 Speaker 1: than HBO can become us. Now, whether this means that 662 00:42:08,200 --> 00:42:11,000 Speaker 1: the cable industry as a whole will eventually be completely 663 00:42:11,080 --> 00:42:15,000 Speaker 1: replaced by competing streaming services remains to be seen. We're 664 00:42:15,000 --> 00:42:18,279 Speaker 1: getting a lot of really fantastic content from this, you know, 665 00:42:18,440 --> 00:42:23,360 Speaker 1: Daredevil from Amazon for example, or from Netflix rather for example, 666 00:42:23,400 --> 00:42:27,480 Speaker 1: Amazon is going to bankroll The Man Who Killed don Keyxote, 667 00:42:27,520 --> 00:42:32,879 Speaker 1: the Terry Gilliam movie that has had famously, perhaps infamously 668 00:42:33,480 --> 00:42:39,520 Speaker 1: troublesome uh. Past. So really exciting from a content perspective, 669 00:42:39,560 --> 00:42:42,080 Speaker 1: But it also means that if you want to get 670 00:42:42,120 --> 00:42:44,320 Speaker 1: access to all of these things, you have to subscribe 671 00:42:44,320 --> 00:42:47,920 Speaker 1: to multiple streaming services. So the more crowded this gets, 672 00:42:48,480 --> 00:42:51,359 Speaker 1: the harder it is for the individual consumer. Or you 673 00:42:51,400 --> 00:42:54,040 Speaker 1: have to make tough decisions which once do you subscribe 674 00:42:54,040 --> 00:42:56,920 Speaker 1: to and which ones do you not? Um will it 675 00:42:57,000 --> 00:43:00,000 Speaker 1: all shake out that this is the future of television? Uh, 676 00:43:00,040 --> 00:43:02,360 Speaker 1: I'm interested to see. I would suspect, at least for 677 00:43:02,400 --> 00:43:04,480 Speaker 1: the near future, this is how it's going to go. 678 00:43:05,280 --> 00:43:08,520 Speaker 1: Whether it's sustainable, I don't know. Maybe it's exactly what 679 00:43:08,560 --> 00:43:10,759 Speaker 1: everyone's looking for. I know a lot of people have 680 00:43:10,840 --> 00:43:13,480 Speaker 1: hoped for ala carte cable where they could pick and 681 00:43:13,560 --> 00:43:17,279 Speaker 1: choose which channels they have access. Well, this might be 682 00:43:17,800 --> 00:43:20,239 Speaker 1: the beginning of that world, but it might mean that 683 00:43:20,320 --> 00:43:23,080 Speaker 1: you have to subscribe to all these different individual services 684 00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:24,759 Speaker 1: in order to do it, and if there are a 685 00:43:24,840 --> 00:43:26,560 Speaker 1: lot of them, it may end up meaning that you're 686 00:43:26,560 --> 00:43:29,880 Speaker 1: paying more per month than your cable bill was before, 687 00:43:30,480 --> 00:43:33,440 Speaker 1: so we'll have to see anyway that wraps up this 688 00:43:33,480 --> 00:43:38,040 Speaker 1: discussion about the various big rivalries that have existed in technology. 689 00:43:38,080 --> 00:43:39,760 Speaker 1: Like I said, it was just kind of a sample 690 00:43:39,840 --> 00:43:43,400 Speaker 1: of them. Their ton more out there. And I'm curious 691 00:43:43,440 --> 00:43:46,200 Speaker 1: if you guys have a favorite rivalry that has happened 692 00:43:46,200 --> 00:43:48,239 Speaker 1: in tech, whether it was on this list or not 693 00:43:48,360 --> 00:43:51,719 Speaker 1: on this list. Maybe there's one in particular you would 694 00:43:51,719 --> 00:43:53,839 Speaker 1: like to hear more about where I could go into 695 00:43:53,880 --> 00:43:57,040 Speaker 1: more detail or get someone on to chat with me 696 00:43:57,120 --> 00:44:00,480 Speaker 1: about one of these or another rivalry, or if there's 697 00:44:00,480 --> 00:44:02,640 Speaker 1: any other type of topic you would like me to cover, 698 00:44:02,880 --> 00:44:04,840 Speaker 1: a guest you would like me to interview or have 699 00:44:05,000 --> 00:44:07,759 Speaker 1: as a guest co host. I would love to hear 700 00:44:07,800 --> 00:44:09,920 Speaker 1: all of these things. And you guys are sending me 701 00:44:10,040 --> 00:44:13,399 Speaker 1: great suggestions keeping up. If you want to get in touch, 702 00:44:13,520 --> 00:44:17,520 Speaker 1: my email addresses tech stuff at how stuff works dot com, 703 00:44:17,640 --> 00:44:20,400 Speaker 1: or you can drop me a line on Facebook, Twitter 704 00:44:20,680 --> 00:44:23,720 Speaker 1: or Tumbler at all three. I use the handle text 705 00:44:23,719 --> 00:44:27,760 Speaker 1: stuff hs W and I'll talk to you again really 706 00:44:27,840 --> 00:44:36,239 Speaker 1: sick or more on it and fastens another topic because 707 00:44:36,280 --> 00:44:46,440 Speaker 1: it has to work dot Com