1 00:00:01,160 --> 00:00:04,120 Speaker 1: Welcome to steph you missed in history class from how 2 00:00:04,160 --> 00:00:13,840 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:17,919 Speaker 1: I'm Tracy V. Wilson and I'm Holly Frying. Happy one 4 00:00:17,960 --> 00:00:21,840 Speaker 1: thousand episode. Happy one thousand episode, do you as well? 5 00:00:22,760 --> 00:00:25,560 Speaker 1: It is? It is not just our one thousand episode, 6 00:00:25,800 --> 00:00:30,400 Speaker 1: it is the entire shows one thousandth episode. Uh. And 7 00:00:30,600 --> 00:00:33,240 Speaker 1: we put out a call to listeners back in early 8 00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:36,479 Speaker 1: February for topics for today's show because Holly and I 9 00:00:36,520 --> 00:00:40,559 Speaker 1: were having trouble coming up with one that seemed really suitable. Uh. 10 00:00:40,600 --> 00:00:44,879 Speaker 1: And our favorite of the suggestions that we got was 11 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: about Sadako Sasaki's thousand paper cranes, which inspired a grassroots 12 00:00:50,640 --> 00:00:53,400 Speaker 1: peace movement in Japan in the nineteen fifties, and this 13 00:00:53,479 --> 00:00:56,560 Speaker 1: is part two of that story. Last time, we talked 14 00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:59,720 Speaker 1: about the context for the United States use of atomic 15 00:00:59,760 --> 00:01:02,520 Speaker 1: BOMs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki at the end of World 16 00:01:02,520 --> 00:01:06,520 Speaker 1: War Two, and we also talked about Sadiko herself and 17 00:01:06,560 --> 00:01:11,399 Speaker 1: the origami that she started folding while hospitalized with leukemia. Today, 18 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:14,200 Speaker 1: we are focusing on the peace movement that grew out 19 00:01:14,240 --> 00:01:18,440 Speaker 1: of her life. The day of Sadako Sasaki's funeral. A 20 00:01:18,520 --> 00:01:21,360 Speaker 1: memorial was being held for another girl who had died 21 00:01:21,360 --> 00:01:25,280 Speaker 1: of a bomb disease one year before. Someone suggested that 22 00:01:25,319 --> 00:01:30,160 Speaker 1: Sadiko's mother Fujiko attended, and Fujiko was really apprehensive about this. 23 00:01:30,640 --> 00:01:33,080 Speaker 1: Her own daughter's funeral was just that day, and her 24 00:01:33,120 --> 00:01:36,720 Speaker 1: grief felt too fresh to focus on someone else's child, 25 00:01:37,319 --> 00:01:41,760 Speaker 1: but ultimately she decided to go. Also in attendance at 26 00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:46,840 Speaker 1: this memorial was Ichiro Kawamoto, and like Sadako Sasaki, he 27 00:01:46,880 --> 00:01:50,760 Speaker 1: was a hibaksha, or an explosion affected person, and to 28 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:54,240 Speaker 1: recap from the previous episode, that's the Japanese term for 29 00:01:54,320 --> 00:01:58,360 Speaker 1: somebody who had survived the nuclear attack on Hiroshimo or Nagasaki, 30 00:01:58,480 --> 00:02:01,800 Speaker 1: or had entered those cities even enough after the bombing 31 00:02:01,840 --> 00:02:05,520 Speaker 1: to be effected to be affected by it. Ichiro Kawamoto 32 00:02:05,600 --> 00:02:08,080 Speaker 1: was in his twenties and had dedicated his life to 33 00:02:08,160 --> 00:02:12,400 Speaker 1: helping other survivors, including quitting his job and instead working 34 00:02:12,440 --> 00:02:16,200 Speaker 1: through a government program that provided temporary work for unemployed people. 35 00:02:17,560 --> 00:02:22,480 Speaker 1: So at the memorial, Ichiro Kawamoto and Fujiko Sasaki heard 36 00:02:22,600 --> 00:02:25,080 Speaker 1: children talking about how there should be some kind of 37 00:02:25,120 --> 00:02:27,720 Speaker 1: memorial to their late friend and to all of the 38 00:02:27,800 --> 00:02:31,520 Speaker 1: children who had died because of the bomb. Fujiko mentioned 39 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:34,480 Speaker 1: that she had heard some children at Sotiko's funerals say 40 00:02:34,520 --> 00:02:37,200 Speaker 1: the same thing earlier in the day, and this gave 41 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:40,840 Speaker 1: Ichiro Kawamoto an idea for working with multiple schools to 42 00:02:40,919 --> 00:02:44,200 Speaker 1: raise money for some kind of monument, starting with the 43 00:02:44,240 --> 00:02:48,480 Speaker 1: schools that these children had attended. So he started contacting 44 00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:50,440 Speaker 1: those schools, and at first he didn't get a lot 45 00:02:50,440 --> 00:02:53,360 Speaker 1: of interest from the administrators that he talked to, but 46 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:56,640 Speaker 1: one theme among the responses that he got was that 47 00:02:56,680 --> 00:02:59,320 Speaker 1: if this was going to be a monument for the children, 48 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:01,720 Speaker 1: that the call for it needed to come from the 49 00:03:01,800 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 1: children too. On November eight, a memorial was held at 50 00:03:07,280 --> 00:03:11,600 Speaker 1: the Sasaki home for Sodiko's former classmates. As we mentioned 51 00:03:11,600 --> 00:03:14,280 Speaker 1: in Part one, her sixth grade classmates had formed a 52 00:03:14,360 --> 00:03:16,160 Speaker 1: unity club at the end of the year so that 53 00:03:16,200 --> 00:03:18,480 Speaker 1: they could stay in touch after some of them went 54 00:03:18,520 --> 00:03:21,880 Speaker 1: on to other classes in schools. A lot of the 55 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:24,800 Speaker 1: kids in the Unity club were really stricken with remorse 56 00:03:24,919 --> 00:03:28,720 Speaker 1: over Sadiko's death. Although they had visited her in the hospital, 57 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:31,280 Speaker 1: they hadn't done so as often as they could have, 58 00:03:31,840 --> 00:03:36,200 Speaker 1: and the Sasaki family was living in very reduced circumstances, 59 00:03:36,240 --> 00:03:39,520 Speaker 1: mostly as a result of paying for Sadiko's medical care, 60 00:03:40,080 --> 00:03:43,360 Speaker 1: so her classmates wondered if they should have been doing 61 00:03:43,440 --> 00:03:47,320 Speaker 1: something more for her. And in addition to Sidiko's death, 62 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:51,280 Speaker 1: nearly all of them had lost at least one immediate 63 00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:54,840 Speaker 1: family member, either in the bombing of Hiroshima or somewhere 64 00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:58,720 Speaker 1: else in the war. I Ziro Kawamoto came to that 65 00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:01,480 Speaker 1: memorial as well, and he talked to the Unity Club 66 00:04:01,560 --> 00:04:04,920 Speaker 1: about the idea of building a memorial, and he had 67 00:04:04,960 --> 00:04:08,280 Speaker 1: an idea about how to get started. A convention of 68 00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:11,880 Speaker 1: middle school principles was meeting in Hiroshima a few days later, 69 00:04:12,360 --> 00:04:14,880 Speaker 1: and since they were middle school students, they might make 70 00:04:14,920 --> 00:04:18,279 Speaker 1: an impression by printing up leaflets and distributing them to 71 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:22,839 Speaker 1: the middle school principles at the meeting. The Unity Club 72 00:04:22,920 --> 00:04:25,880 Speaker 1: really took it from there. They worked together to write 73 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:30,159 Speaker 1: the leaflet they mimiographed it at the school. Their leaflets 74 00:04:30,160 --> 00:04:32,840 Speaker 1: said that they were all classmates and friends of Sadako 75 00:04:32,960 --> 00:04:35,600 Speaker 1: Sasaki and that she had died of a bomb disease 76 00:04:35,640 --> 00:04:39,200 Speaker 1: after suffering for nine months. They said they wished to 77 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:42,200 Speaker 1: console the spirits of all the children who had died 78 00:04:42,240 --> 00:04:45,360 Speaker 1: the same way by building a memorial, and they asked 79 00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:48,359 Speaker 1: the principles to carry their appeal back to their schools. 80 00:04:49,200 --> 00:04:53,040 Speaker 1: The pamphlet was vague. The students had no clear idea 81 00:04:53,120 --> 00:04:55,560 Speaker 1: yet of what this memorial would be, what it would 82 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:57,640 Speaker 1: look like, how much it might cost, or where it 83 00:04:57,680 --> 00:05:01,880 Speaker 1: would go, although Hiroshima East Memorial Park was the general 84 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:05,480 Speaker 1: assumption for the location, but they wanted to do something 85 00:05:05,640 --> 00:05:08,279 Speaker 1: not only to honor their friend and the other children 86 00:05:08,320 --> 00:05:10,719 Speaker 1: who had died of a bomb disease, but also to 87 00:05:10,800 --> 00:05:15,000 Speaker 1: spread a message of peace. The Unity Club made two 88 00:05:15,080 --> 00:05:18,840 Speaker 1: thousand leaflets and they took them to Herosimus City Auditorium 89 00:05:18,839 --> 00:05:22,880 Speaker 1: on November twelfth, ninett They handed them out to the 90 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:25,479 Speaker 1: middle school principles as they were leaving their meeting for 91 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:29,000 Speaker 1: the day, and the student's own principle had also spoken 92 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:33,360 Speaker 1: about Sadako during the meeting's general session. As vague as 93 00:05:33,360 --> 00:05:37,080 Speaker 1: it was, that simple heartfelt appeal in the leaflets was 94 00:05:37,160 --> 00:05:41,640 Speaker 1: incredibly effective. Having read the leaflets and heard about Sotiko 95 00:05:41,839 --> 00:05:45,280 Speaker 1: from one of their own, the principles were deeply moved. 96 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:48,120 Speaker 1: The words spread once they got back to their schools, 97 00:05:48,160 --> 00:05:52,120 Speaker 1: sometimes with the pamphlet being read in full during assemblies 98 00:05:52,160 --> 00:05:57,279 Speaker 1: and announcements, the students honest, earnest request and memory of 99 00:05:57,320 --> 00:06:01,880 Speaker 1: their friend really resonated with other school children. Although some 100 00:06:01,960 --> 00:06:04,360 Speaker 1: of the students and the Unity Club had gone on 101 00:06:04,480 --> 00:06:07,880 Speaker 1: to other middle schools, they signed the leaflet as the 102 00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:11,960 Speaker 1: seventh grade class from Noborico Junior High and within a 103 00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:16,800 Speaker 1: month of their distributing these leaflets, contributions started arriving at 104 00:06:16,839 --> 00:06:20,159 Speaker 1: the school from all over Japan. Some of the first 105 00:06:20,200 --> 00:06:23,120 Speaker 1: donations came in from small schools out in the country 106 00:06:23,160 --> 00:06:26,320 Speaker 1: where students had certainly lost family members in the war, 107 00:06:26,480 --> 00:06:30,159 Speaker 1: but probably didn't have a direct connection with the a bomb. 108 00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:34,560 Speaker 1: By December, they had collected more than fourteen thousand yen, 109 00:06:35,279 --> 00:06:37,839 Speaker 1: and for comparison, that was about half of a family's 110 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:41,680 Speaker 1: average monthly income at the time. Personal letters and well 111 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:44,559 Speaker 1: wishes rolled into, many of them with a running theme 112 00:06:44,839 --> 00:06:49,480 Speaker 1: that nuclear weapons should never be used again. The school's principal, 113 00:06:50,160 --> 00:06:53,919 Speaker 1: Guinitsu Tanaka, had started out kind of ambivalent about what 114 00:06:53,960 --> 00:06:58,080 Speaker 1: the students were doing, but he became a really enthusiastic supporter, 115 00:06:58,760 --> 00:07:01,520 Speaker 1: and as more and more donations came in, the school 116 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:04,280 Speaker 1: realized it was not really prepared for what to do 117 00:07:04,320 --> 00:07:06,400 Speaker 1: with them, I had to figure out a system for 118 00:07:06,440 --> 00:07:09,760 Speaker 1: how to handle all this money. The task was ultimately 119 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:15,840 Speaker 1: entrusted to the Student Council. On December ninety five, sodokoast 120 00:07:15,880 --> 00:07:19,640 Speaker 1: former classmates once again met at the Sasaki Home now 121 00:07:19,720 --> 00:07:23,920 Speaker 1: to celebrate the ongoing success of the movement. This movement 122 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:27,120 Speaker 1: grew even more after the new year, and we will 123 00:07:27,120 --> 00:07:38,560 Speaker 1: talk about that after a sponsor break. January eighth, nineteen 124 00:07:38,600 --> 00:07:41,720 Speaker 1: fifty six was the first official meeting of the Statue 125 00:07:41,760 --> 00:07:44,760 Speaker 1: for the Children of the A Bomb Preparation Committee. This 126 00:07:44,800 --> 00:07:49,000 Speaker 1: committee named itself the Hiroshima Children and Students Association for 127 00:07:49,040 --> 00:07:51,880 Speaker 1: the Creation of Peace, which is often just shortened to 128 00:07:51,920 --> 00:07:55,800 Speaker 1: the Association for Peace. About a hundred students from nineteen 129 00:07:55,840 --> 00:08:00,280 Speaker 1: schools were involved, from elementary through high school. What had 130 00:08:00,360 --> 00:08:03,880 Speaker 1: been a vague call for memorial in a leaflet became 131 00:08:03,920 --> 00:08:07,360 Speaker 1: an organization with goals and by laws, and these by 132 00:08:07,440 --> 00:08:10,480 Speaker 1: laws made it clear that this was an organization for students. 133 00:08:11,080 --> 00:08:13,080 Speaker 1: The first goal was to build the Statue for the 134 00:08:13,160 --> 00:08:16,200 Speaker 1: Children of the A Bomb also translated as the Atomic 135 00:08:16,240 --> 00:08:19,760 Speaker 1: Bomb Children's Statue, which is how people had started referring 136 00:08:19,800 --> 00:08:23,160 Speaker 1: to the memorial that they were hoping to create. The 137 00:08:23,200 --> 00:08:26,480 Speaker 1: Association for Peace had other goals as well, all about 138 00:08:26,520 --> 00:08:30,240 Speaker 1: promoting peace and opposing the use of nuclear weapons. This 139 00:08:30,400 --> 00:08:34,440 Speaker 1: included conducting workshops, doing lectures, and having other events to 140 00:08:34,480 --> 00:08:38,880 Speaker 1: promote and educate people about peace. The new organization's office 141 00:08:39,000 --> 00:08:42,800 Speaker 1: was housed at the Hiroshima Children's Culture Center. The Unity 142 00:08:42,840 --> 00:08:46,760 Speaker 1: Club was sadly not really part of the Association for Peace. 143 00:08:47,080 --> 00:08:49,760 Speaker 1: They were seventh graders in their first year in middle school. 144 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:53,400 Speaker 1: They weren't involved in the student council, and student council 145 00:08:53,440 --> 00:08:56,000 Speaker 1: officers were the ones who the school had entrusted with 146 00:08:56,120 --> 00:08:59,560 Speaker 1: running the campaign, So the Unity Club didn't even know 147 00:08:59,640 --> 00:09:02,800 Speaker 1: about the January eighteenth meeting until after it had happened. 148 00:09:03,920 --> 00:09:06,240 Speaker 1: Some of the teachers who saw what was happening tried 149 00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:08,760 Speaker 1: to keep the Unity Club involved, but at this point 150 00:09:08,760 --> 00:09:11,600 Speaker 1: the movement had in some ways swept past them as 151 00:09:11,640 --> 00:09:15,320 Speaker 1: they continued with their own efforts to remember an honor Sotico. 152 00:09:17,120 --> 00:09:21,520 Speaker 1: By March, the Association for Peace had collected almost two 153 00:09:22,040 --> 00:09:25,480 Speaker 1: seventy five thousand yen towards the creation of a monument. 154 00:09:26,120 --> 00:09:28,760 Speaker 1: After the opening of their office at the Children's Culture 155 00:09:28,760 --> 00:09:31,760 Speaker 1: Center on April one, the fundraising really went into high gear. 156 00:09:31,840 --> 00:09:34,760 Speaker 1: And by August they had more than four million yen 157 00:09:35,480 --> 00:09:38,680 Speaker 1: and line with their organization's other goals, the Association for 158 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:43,000 Speaker 1: Peace also visited Hibaksha and sent representatives to peace conferences, 159 00:09:43,080 --> 00:09:47,120 Speaker 1: including the World Conference Against A and H Bombs. There 160 00:09:47,160 --> 00:09:50,840 Speaker 1: were certainly adults involved in this, teachers and principles who 161 00:09:50,920 --> 00:09:54,840 Speaker 1: supervised meetings and offered assistance with some of the financial dealings, 162 00:09:55,000 --> 00:09:58,680 Speaker 1: or offered classroom space or guidance, But this was really 163 00:09:58,720 --> 00:10:01,800 Speaker 1: a movement driven by children, rin children who were outraged 164 00:10:01,840 --> 00:10:03,920 Speaker 1: at the use of the atom bomb and the damage 165 00:10:03,960 --> 00:10:06,520 Speaker 1: that it had done to their families and friends, and 166 00:10:06,559 --> 00:10:08,880 Speaker 1: who wanted a peaceful world in which it would never 167 00:10:09,000 --> 00:10:14,400 Speaker 1: happen again. On August five, ninety six, Kyo Akura, who 168 00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:16,920 Speaker 1: had been Sadako's friend in the hospital for so long, 169 00:10:17,040 --> 00:10:20,840 Speaker 1: walked into the Sasaki's barbershop. She apologized for missing the 170 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:23,960 Speaker 1: funeral and for not seeing Sadako again in the hospital 171 00:10:24,000 --> 00:10:26,640 Speaker 1: before she died, and then she pulled a string of 172 00:10:26,640 --> 00:10:29,160 Speaker 1: a thousand paper cranes out of her bag, which she 173 00:10:29,280 --> 00:10:33,120 Speaker 1: had made for Sadako. The next day, the Sasaki family 174 00:10:33,160 --> 00:10:36,080 Speaker 1: took them as an offering at the memorial cenotaph at 175 00:10:36,080 --> 00:10:40,280 Speaker 1: Peace Memorial Park. About this time, some of the adults 176 00:10:40,280 --> 00:10:42,720 Speaker 1: who were involved in this project, we're looking for good 177 00:10:42,760 --> 00:10:46,720 Speaker 1: candidates to create the monument itself, and it was ultimately 178 00:10:46,720 --> 00:10:50,520 Speaker 1: the children who chose Kazuo Kikuchi, an award winning artist 179 00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:54,560 Speaker 1: and a professor at two Japanese universities, from the finalists. 180 00:10:55,200 --> 00:10:58,560 Speaker 1: On October fifteenth, they submitted their application for a statue 181 00:10:58,640 --> 00:11:03,280 Speaker 1: in Peace Memorial Park, Okay. On October, a memorial was 182 00:11:03,360 --> 00:11:06,600 Speaker 1: held for the first anniversary of Sadako Sasaki's death, and 183 00:11:06,679 --> 00:11:09,560 Speaker 1: now this was attended by her former classmates as well 184 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,480 Speaker 1: as members of the Association for Peace who hadn't actually 185 00:11:12,520 --> 00:11:17,080 Speaker 1: known her during her lifetime. Kazuo Kukuchi came to Hiroshima 186 00:11:17,200 --> 00:11:19,480 Speaker 1: and met with the Association of Peace and with some 187 00:11:19,559 --> 00:11:23,560 Speaker 1: of Satiko Sasaki's classmates. When he returned home, he took 188 00:11:23,600 --> 00:11:26,080 Speaker 1: with him a picture of Satiko in the cherry blossom 189 00:11:26,160 --> 00:11:28,680 Speaker 1: kimono that her mother and aunts had made for her 190 00:11:28,720 --> 00:11:31,920 Speaker 1: before she went into the hospital. By the end of 191 00:11:32,000 --> 00:11:35,360 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty six, the Association for Peace had collected more 192 00:11:35,400 --> 00:11:38,880 Speaker 1: than five million yen towards the creation of a children's monument. 193 00:11:39,600 --> 00:11:43,680 Speaker 1: On January eighth, ninety seven, the city granted permission for 194 00:11:43,679 --> 00:11:47,120 Speaker 1: a children's memorial statue to be built in Peace Memorial Park, 195 00:11:47,280 --> 00:11:49,920 Speaker 1: which is in the center of Hiroshima on land that 196 00:11:50,000 --> 00:11:54,160 Speaker 1: was leveled by the explosion. Two months later, Kazuo Kokuchi 197 00:11:54,280 --> 00:11:56,840 Speaker 1: returned to Hiroshima with a model of the statue that 198 00:11:56,880 --> 00:12:00,400 Speaker 1: he proposed. This was a girl standing atop a hollow 199 00:12:00,480 --> 00:12:04,080 Speaker 1: dome and holding a representation of an oregonmy crane over 200 00:12:04,120 --> 00:12:06,960 Speaker 1: her head. The sides of the dome also had two 201 00:12:07,040 --> 00:12:11,240 Speaker 1: children dancing. With the final creation of the monument now 202 00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:14,280 Speaker 1: under way, the Association for Peace turned its attention to 203 00:12:14,320 --> 00:12:17,120 Speaker 1: the other goals in their by laws. Their outreach and 204 00:12:17,240 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 1: education goals didn't get nearly the kind of traction that 205 00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:23,360 Speaker 1: the memorial statue did, but their enthusiasm and dedication for 206 00:12:23,480 --> 00:12:27,199 Speaker 1: it was clear. By this point, the Association for Peace 207 00:12:27,280 --> 00:12:31,720 Speaker 1: no longer had many direct connections to Sadiko Sasaki. Her 208 00:12:31,720 --> 00:12:34,280 Speaker 1: brother Masahiro was involved, and he was one of the 209 00:12:34,360 --> 00:12:38,040 Speaker 1: organization's representatives at the Third World Conference Against A and 210 00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:42,840 Speaker 1: H bombs, but otherwise the students leading the organization were 211 00:12:42,840 --> 00:12:45,800 Speaker 1: no longer people who had personally known her. It was 212 00:12:45,920 --> 00:12:48,640 Speaker 1: less about the personal memory of a friend and more 213 00:12:48,679 --> 00:12:52,400 Speaker 1: about all children, but Sadiko and her Cranes were still 214 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:56,920 Speaker 1: the face of the movement. In July of neven, as 215 00:12:56,920 --> 00:13:00,120 Speaker 1: the statute was being made, a film company approached the 216 00:13:00,120 --> 00:13:03,200 Speaker 1: Association for Peace about participating in a film about what 217 00:13:03,240 --> 00:13:06,680 Speaker 1: they were doing. They agreed, and the resulting film, A 218 00:13:06,760 --> 00:13:09,960 Speaker 1: Thousand Cranes came out the following June. As all of 219 00:13:10,000 --> 00:13:12,920 Speaker 1: this was happening, other things were going on in Hiroshima 220 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:17,760 Speaker 1: that affected survivors of the bomb. Hiroshima Atomic Bomb Hospital 221 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:20,880 Speaker 1: opened in September of nineteen fifty six next to the 222 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:24,920 Speaker 1: Red Cross Hospital, and on April one of nineteen fifty seven, 223 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:27,680 Speaker 1: a law was enacted related to medical care for a 224 00:13:27,800 --> 00:13:32,359 Speaker 1: bomb survivors. The idea was that society, not the individual, 225 00:13:32,640 --> 00:13:34,800 Speaker 1: was responsible for the care of a person who had 226 00:13:34,800 --> 00:13:38,160 Speaker 1: been affected by the bomb. People who were affected by 227 00:13:38,200 --> 00:13:41,280 Speaker 1: the bomb were able to obtain a Hibbaksha Health book 228 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:44,040 Speaker 1: also called an a bomb health book, and this was 229 00:13:44,080 --> 00:13:47,520 Speaker 1: a book that was granted only to Hibbaksha, which acted 230 00:13:47,520 --> 00:13:51,400 Speaker 1: as an authorization of medical expenses at hospitals and clinics. 231 00:13:51,559 --> 00:13:53,719 Speaker 1: And some people, though, did not apply for these, even 232 00:13:53,720 --> 00:13:57,720 Speaker 1: though they were entitled to them for a range of reasons. Yeah. 233 00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:00,760 Speaker 1: For a lot of people, especially for who had been 234 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:04,240 Speaker 1: apparently healthy for the whole time since the bombing, it 235 00:14:04,240 --> 00:14:08,120 Speaker 1: it had a note of finality to it, like I 236 00:14:08,200 --> 00:14:12,880 Speaker 1: am formally accepting the fact that this is something that 237 00:14:12,880 --> 00:14:14,880 Speaker 1: could happen to me, And so there were people who 238 00:14:14,880 --> 00:14:17,800 Speaker 1: were definitely not comfortable with it. By the end of 239 00:14:17,880 --> 00:14:22,160 Speaker 1: nineteen fifty seven, Sadikos story had spread all over Japan, 240 00:14:22,440 --> 00:14:26,280 Speaker 1: particularly related to her resolute bravery in the hospital and 241 00:14:26,320 --> 00:14:29,760 Speaker 1: the idea that she had died folding cranes. She had 242 00:14:29,800 --> 00:14:33,200 Speaker 1: become the face that represented all children who had been 243 00:14:33,240 --> 00:14:37,040 Speaker 1: lost to the atomic bomb. The Sasaki family, still really 244 00:14:37,080 --> 00:14:41,119 Speaker 1: financially struggling, faced all of this gracefully. They were continually 245 00:14:41,160 --> 00:14:45,200 Speaker 1: asked for interviews about Stiko. More and more students and 246 00:14:45,320 --> 00:14:50,080 Speaker 1: school groups started to fold thousands of origami cranes. Final 247 00:14:50,120 --> 00:14:53,640 Speaker 1: work on the Children's Peace Statue began March twenty three, nineteen. 248 00:14:54,880 --> 00:14:58,040 Speaker 1: The monument was unveiled on May five of ninetifty eight, 249 00:14:58,160 --> 00:15:02,200 Speaker 1: with Sadiko Sasaki's little brothren sister a j and Mitsui 250 00:15:02,360 --> 00:15:06,840 Speaker 1: doing the unveiling. On the front the statues, epitaph reads, 251 00:15:07,120 --> 00:15:10,080 Speaker 1: this is our cry, This is our prayer to create 252 00:15:10,160 --> 00:15:13,080 Speaker 1: peace in the world, and on the back it reads 253 00:15:13,120 --> 00:15:15,800 Speaker 1: to comfort the souls of our brothers and sisters who 254 00:15:15,920 --> 00:15:18,680 Speaker 1: died because of the A bomb, and to appeal to 255 00:15:18,720 --> 00:15:22,080 Speaker 1: the world for peace. The elementary, junior High and Senior 256 00:15:22,160 --> 00:15:25,720 Speaker 1: High students of Hiroshima, with the help of friends all 257 00:15:25,760 --> 00:15:29,520 Speaker 1: over the country, have joined hands and worked together to 258 00:15:29,600 --> 00:15:35,760 Speaker 1: build this monument May five the Hiroshima children. There's also 259 00:15:35,800 --> 00:15:39,040 Speaker 1: a bell at the monument that was donated by doctor 260 00:15:39,120 --> 00:15:42,720 Speaker 1: Heideki Yukawa, who was the first Japanese Nobel laureate, which 261 00:15:42,800 --> 00:15:45,360 Speaker 1: is inscribed with peace on Earth and in the heavens 262 00:15:45,800 --> 00:15:49,920 Speaker 1: and a thousand paper cranes. Coming up, we're going to 263 00:15:50,040 --> 00:15:52,960 Speaker 1: talk about the ongoing impact of this story, but first 264 00:15:53,000 --> 00:16:03,000 Speaker 1: we're gonna have a little pause for responsor break. By 265 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:07,080 Speaker 1: the time the children's memorial statue was unveiled, the Unity Club, 266 00:16:07,160 --> 00:16:11,400 Speaker 1: which again was Sadako Sasaki's former sixth grade classmates, had 267 00:16:11,480 --> 00:16:15,120 Speaker 1: renamed themselves the Coqueeshi Club, and this was a reference 268 00:16:15,160 --> 00:16:17,480 Speaker 1: to an essay that one of them had written about 269 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:20,520 Speaker 1: Sadako and about the need for peace. They didn't have 270 00:16:20,560 --> 00:16:24,280 Speaker 1: a lot of official involvement in the statues unveiling, and 271 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:26,680 Speaker 1: the days leading up to it, they had made three 272 00:16:27,000 --> 00:16:31,040 Speaker 1: enormous paper cranes and carried them to various points in Hiroshimo, 273 00:16:31,080 --> 00:16:33,680 Speaker 1: where they asked people to sign them as petitions to 274 00:16:33,760 --> 00:16:37,000 Speaker 1: ban A and H bombs. The Their hope was that 275 00:16:37,080 --> 00:16:40,920 Speaker 1: these giant cranes would be displayed alongside the unveiled statue, 276 00:16:40,960 --> 00:16:44,800 Speaker 1: but for reasons that are unclear today, they weren't. Later on, 277 00:16:44,840 --> 00:16:47,120 Speaker 1: they did revive the Unity Club, and a lot of 278 00:16:47,160 --> 00:16:49,680 Speaker 1: them stayed in touch for decades. After all this had 279 00:16:49,720 --> 00:16:53,920 Speaker 1: happened after the debut of A Thousand Cranes or Zuru 280 00:16:54,040 --> 00:16:57,400 Speaker 1: Kai or paper Crane Club started forming all around Japan, 281 00:16:57,560 --> 00:17:00,960 Speaker 1: with members folding paper cranes for patients at the Hiroshima 282 00:17:01,000 --> 00:17:06,040 Speaker 1: Atomic Bomb Hospital. Hairoshima's club also visited Hibaksha and kept 283 00:17:06,040 --> 00:17:09,760 Speaker 1: the area around the monument clean, including removing old strings 284 00:17:09,800 --> 00:17:13,200 Speaker 1: of cranes and replacing them with new ones. The Hiroshima 285 00:17:13,280 --> 00:17:16,320 Speaker 1: Crane Club also launched a fundraising effort to preserve the 286 00:17:16,359 --> 00:17:19,080 Speaker 1: A Bomb Dome, which was the remains of the only 287 00:17:19,119 --> 00:17:22,640 Speaker 1: building near the Explosions hyper center that was still standing 288 00:17:22,680 --> 00:17:26,160 Speaker 1: after the bombing. That building had become part of Hiroshima 289 00:17:26,240 --> 00:17:29,040 Speaker 1: Peace Park, but because of its poor condition, it was 290 00:17:29,080 --> 00:17:33,639 Speaker 1: at risk of being torn down incredibly. Sadly, the Sasaki 291 00:17:33,720 --> 00:17:37,200 Speaker 1: family didn't financially recover from the costs of Satika's medical 292 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:40,640 Speaker 1: treatment and the years after her death. They They eventually 293 00:17:40,640 --> 00:17:43,959 Speaker 1: moved out of Hiroshima, and Sasaki's two younger siblings were 294 00:17:43,960 --> 00:17:48,760 Speaker 1: adopted by relatives. The children's advocacy for a peace memorial 295 00:17:48,880 --> 00:17:51,679 Speaker 1: had happened in tandem with a growing peace and anti 296 00:17:51,800 --> 00:17:56,320 Speaker 1: nuclear weapons movement in Japan in the nineteen fifties. Until 297 00:17:56,359 --> 00:17:59,720 Speaker 1: the end of US military occupation in nineteen fifty two, 298 00:18:00,200 --> 00:18:03,800 Speaker 1: writing about the nuclear bombings was forbidden in Japan, but 299 00:18:03,840 --> 00:18:07,240 Speaker 1: as those restrictions were loosened, people began to write about 300 00:18:07,280 --> 00:18:11,800 Speaker 1: and share their experiences. This movement against nuclear weapons in 301 00:18:11,880 --> 00:18:16,080 Speaker 1: Japan picked up speed in nineteen fifty four after sailors 302 00:18:16,160 --> 00:18:19,159 Speaker 1: aboard the Dago for Curio Maru, or the Lucky Dragon 303 00:18:19,240 --> 00:18:22,960 Speaker 1: Number five, suffered radiation poisoning as a result of United 304 00:18:23,000 --> 00:18:27,280 Speaker 1: States nuclear testing. This boat was near the Bikini Atoll 305 00:18:27,359 --> 00:18:30,680 Speaker 1: on March one, nineteen fifty four, when the United States 306 00:18:30,760 --> 00:18:34,960 Speaker 1: detonated a thermonuclear device. The crew did not know that 307 00:18:35,000 --> 00:18:37,639 Speaker 1: the United States had expanded the range of its testing, 308 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:40,199 Speaker 1: but according to its logs, it was close to but 309 00:18:40,320 --> 00:18:43,800 Speaker 1: still outside of the exclusion zone. All of the crew 310 00:18:43,920 --> 00:18:49,280 Speaker 1: experienced acute radiation sickness, and a radio operator named Akishi 311 00:18:49,359 --> 00:18:53,320 Speaker 1: Kuba Yama died of it on September nineteen fifty four. 312 00:18:54,119 --> 00:18:57,639 Speaker 1: A movement against nuclear weapons was growing outside of Japan 313 00:18:57,720 --> 00:19:01,399 Speaker 1: as well. In ninety six, John Hersey had published his 314 00:19:01,440 --> 00:19:05,480 Speaker 1: work Hiroshima, which profiled the lives of six Hiroshima survivors 315 00:19:05,880 --> 00:19:08,560 Speaker 1: and was originally printed as an entire issue of The 316 00:19:08,600 --> 00:19:12,159 Speaker 1: New Yorker. It then became available as a book, and 317 00:19:12,200 --> 00:19:14,240 Speaker 1: for a lot of people outside of Japan, this was 318 00:19:14,280 --> 00:19:17,600 Speaker 1: their first exposure to the realities of what had happened 319 00:19:17,680 --> 00:19:20,880 Speaker 1: during the bombing, and it both humanized the victims and 320 00:19:20,960 --> 00:19:24,479 Speaker 1: provided details about the horrifying nature of a nuclear attack. 321 00:19:25,680 --> 00:19:28,280 Speaker 1: So the use of nuclear weapons has never been viewed 322 00:19:28,280 --> 00:19:32,560 Speaker 1: as particularly acceptable within Japan, and public acceptance outside of 323 00:19:32,680 --> 00:19:35,320 Speaker 1: Japan has dropped since the end of World War Two. 324 00:19:35,920 --> 00:19:38,640 Speaker 1: That Pew research study that we mentioned in Part one, 325 00:19:38,880 --> 00:19:42,440 Speaker 1: in which fifties fifty seven percent of Americans thought their 326 00:19:42,520 --> 00:19:47,240 Speaker 1: use was justified against Japan, I was fifty seven percent recently, 327 00:19:47,359 --> 00:19:50,880 Speaker 1: but that number is down from eighty five in ninety. 328 00:19:52,400 --> 00:19:55,680 Speaker 1: Nuclear weapon production peaked during the Cold War and has 329 00:19:55,680 --> 00:19:59,760 Speaker 1: continued to drop since then. In nineteen seventy, the International 330 00:20:00,000 --> 00:20:02,960 Speaker 1: Ready on the Non Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons you'll see 331 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,960 Speaker 1: that abbreviated as MPT came into effect. This is an 332 00:20:06,960 --> 00:20:10,200 Speaker 1: international treaty meant to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, 333 00:20:10,280 --> 00:20:14,240 Speaker 1: and since then it has been extended indefinitely. According to 334 00:20:14,280 --> 00:20:17,360 Speaker 1: the Plowshares Fund that there are currently fourteen thousand, nine 335 00:20:17,480 --> 00:20:22,000 Speaker 1: hundred in possession of nine nations. We're kind of glassing 336 00:20:22,080 --> 00:20:24,440 Speaker 1: over a lot of the Cold War. They're including some 337 00:20:24,480 --> 00:20:28,200 Speaker 1: truly terrifying incidents, like the Cuban missile crisis. I mean, 338 00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:33,920 Speaker 1: it's it's it's not to suggest that, uh, that suddenly 339 00:20:34,080 --> 00:20:39,480 Speaker 1: the world followed a graceful arc of the bombings of 340 00:20:39,560 --> 00:20:43,439 Speaker 1: Hiroshima and Dagasaki to non acceptance of nuclear weapons. Like 341 00:20:43,760 --> 00:20:47,440 Speaker 1: there was a lot of scary stuff and a colossal 342 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:49,760 Speaker 1: arms race in the middle of all that. But this 343 00:20:49,800 --> 00:20:53,879 Speaker 1: is again a brief overview, and globally the world continues 344 00:20:53,920 --> 00:20:56,840 Speaker 1: to be divided on the subject of nuclear weapons. On 345 00:20:56,920 --> 00:21:01,080 Speaker 1: July seven, the United Nations approved the Treaty on the 346 00:21:01,080 --> 00:21:05,160 Speaker 1: Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons, which is an international nuclear weapons ban, 347 00:21:06,040 --> 00:21:09,800 Speaker 1: with a vote of a hundred and twenty two to one. However, 348 00:21:10,240 --> 00:21:12,800 Speaker 1: there are a lot more than a hundred and twenty 349 00:21:12,840 --> 00:21:17,360 Speaker 1: three UN member states. The nine nations generally recognized as 350 00:21:17,400 --> 00:21:20,840 Speaker 1: having nuclear weapons did not participate in the talks around 351 00:21:20,840 --> 00:21:25,960 Speaker 1: this treaty, nor did most of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. France, 352 00:21:25,960 --> 00:21:28,760 Speaker 1: the United Kingdom, and the United States issued a joint 353 00:21:28,800 --> 00:21:32,159 Speaker 1: statement after the vote which began. France, the United Kingdom, 354 00:21:32,200 --> 00:21:34,240 Speaker 1: and the United States have not taken part in the 355 00:21:34,280 --> 00:21:38,200 Speaker 1: negotiation of the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. 356 00:21:38,240 --> 00:21:41,080 Speaker 1: We do not intend to sign, ratify, or ever become 357 00:21:41,119 --> 00:21:44,560 Speaker 1: party to it. Therefore, there will be no change in 358 00:21:44,600 --> 00:21:49,840 Speaker 1: the legal obligations on our countries with respect to nuclear weapons. 359 00:21:50,600 --> 00:21:53,280 Speaker 1: So to sum that up, basically, all the nations that 360 00:21:53,400 --> 00:21:56,680 Speaker 1: don't have nuclear weapons are like these are terrible, Please 361 00:21:56,720 --> 00:21:59,840 Speaker 1: make them go away, while the nations that do and 362 00:22:00,000 --> 00:22:05,240 Speaker 1: our allies didn't participate. Japan also did not sign that 363 00:22:05,280 --> 00:22:07,960 Speaker 1: new treaty because of its close ties to the United 364 00:22:08,000 --> 00:22:11,440 Speaker 1: States and it's shared security cooperation with the United States, 365 00:22:12,119 --> 00:22:15,199 Speaker 1: and at the same time Kibaksha have continued to be 366 00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:17,960 Speaker 1: a huge part of the anti nuclear weapons movement, and 367 00:22:18,000 --> 00:22:21,000 Speaker 1: they were extremely critical of Japan's decision not to sign 368 00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:25,320 Speaker 1: that treaty to return to Satiko Sasaki and her cranes. 369 00:22:26,160 --> 00:22:28,920 Speaker 1: Since all of this happened, the Origami crane has become 370 00:22:28,920 --> 00:22:31,840 Speaker 1: a symbol of peace, and school and community groups have 371 00:22:31,920 --> 00:22:34,440 Speaker 1: continued to fold chains of a thousand of them to 372 00:22:34,520 --> 00:22:38,520 Speaker 1: send to hospitals, museums, monuments, memorials, and places where a 373 00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:44,040 Speaker 1: tragedy has occurred. Sadiko's brother, Masahiro Sasaki, began traveling around 374 00:22:44,119 --> 00:22:47,960 Speaker 1: Japan giving lectures about his sister in two thousand. He 375 00:22:48,119 --> 00:22:50,240 Speaker 1: and the rest of the family have also established the 376 00:22:50,320 --> 00:22:55,840 Speaker 1: nonprofit organization Sadako Legacy. In two thousand seven, the Sasaki 377 00:22:55,880 --> 00:22:59,000 Speaker 1: family gave away many of the hundred cranes she folded 378 00:22:59,000 --> 00:23:01,280 Speaker 1: over the years to well wishers and the people who 379 00:23:01,400 --> 00:23:03,879 Speaker 1: just wanted to know her story. Some are in the 380 00:23:03,920 --> 00:23:07,520 Speaker 1: Hiroshima Peace Memorial Museum as well. When the family had 381 00:23:07,560 --> 00:23:10,000 Speaker 1: only a few left, they decided to give the remaining 382 00:23:10,040 --> 00:23:13,639 Speaker 1: ones to places that they felt particularly needed healing. This 383 00:23:13,760 --> 00:23:17,679 Speaker 1: includes the uss Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor and the 384 00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:20,360 Speaker 1: city of Okinawa, and there's also one at the nine 385 00:23:20,359 --> 00:23:24,720 Speaker 1: eleven Tribute Museum in New York City. Masahiro Sasaki presented 386 00:23:24,800 --> 00:23:27,600 Speaker 1: this crane along with ones that he and his son 387 00:23:27,680 --> 00:23:32,480 Speaker 1: had folded in and Clifton Truman Daniel, who's the grandson 388 00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:35,320 Speaker 1: of US President Harry S. Truman, was present at that 389 00:23:35,359 --> 00:23:39,359 Speaker 1: ceremony as well. Truman was in office in five and 390 00:23:39,440 --> 00:23:42,360 Speaker 1: was the president who ordered the atomic bombings of Hiroshima 391 00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:48,280 Speaker 1: and Nagasaki in the nine eleven. Family Association donated its 392 00:23:48,280 --> 00:23:51,720 Speaker 1: own crane, a representation of an origami crane folded out 393 00:23:51,720 --> 00:23:56,200 Speaker 1: of steel recovered from ground zero, which is now in Koreyama, Fukushima, 394 00:23:56,480 --> 00:23:59,680 Speaker 1: in memory of the twenty eleven earthquake and tsunami because 395 00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:03,800 Speaker 1: of down at the Fukushima Nuclear Plant. Sadiko's nephew brought 396 00:24:03,800 --> 00:24:08,119 Speaker 1: one of her cranes to Koreama on August as well. 397 00:24:09,000 --> 00:24:11,919 Speaker 1: There is also in addition to the statue at Hiroshima 398 00:24:11,960 --> 00:24:15,480 Speaker 1: Peace Memorial Park, there's a life size bronze statue of 399 00:24:15,480 --> 00:24:19,600 Speaker 1: Sadako Sasaki in an origami crane at Peace Park in Seattle, Washington, 400 00:24:20,080 --> 00:24:22,679 Speaker 1: and it is often draped with strings and strings of 401 00:24:22,720 --> 00:24:26,480 Speaker 1: paper current cranes. It has sadly been vandalized a couple 402 00:24:26,520 --> 00:24:29,240 Speaker 1: of times since it was put there, but in response, 403 00:24:29,280 --> 00:24:32,879 Speaker 1: the community has rallied together to repair it, including raising 404 00:24:32,920 --> 00:24:35,800 Speaker 1: thirteen thousand dollars to do so in two thousand and four. 405 00:24:37,160 --> 00:24:40,480 Speaker 1: Satiko Sasaki story has continued to have an impact in 406 00:24:40,520 --> 00:24:45,240 Speaker 1: the decades since it happened. Several children's books present fictionalized 407 00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:47,480 Speaker 1: versions of it, and there are a lot of articles 408 00:24:47,480 --> 00:24:50,720 Speaker 1: and education journals about the effects these books have on children, 409 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,000 Speaker 1: from kids who have struggled with literacy really engaging with 410 00:24:54,040 --> 00:24:57,359 Speaker 1: the booked for the first time, to inspiring community fundraising 411 00:24:57,440 --> 00:25:00,520 Speaker 1: and other projects for the sake of peace. Two huge 412 00:25:00,560 --> 00:25:03,320 Speaker 1: paper folding events led by children, some of which have 413 00:25:03,400 --> 00:25:07,240 Speaker 1: been donated to hospitals, museums, and peace centers around the world. 414 00:25:08,119 --> 00:25:11,800 Speaker 1: So that was Sadako Sasaki and her thousand paper cranes. 415 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:17,119 Speaker 1: And before we go, we wanted to uh take a 416 00:25:17,160 --> 00:25:19,960 Speaker 1: moment since this is our thousandth episode and thank all 417 00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:22,359 Speaker 1: of the prior hosts of the show who helped to 418 00:25:22,400 --> 00:25:27,360 Speaker 1: get it to where it is today. That includes Josh, Candice, Jane, Katie, 419 00:25:27,359 --> 00:25:29,760 Speaker 1: Sarah and Bablina, And of course we also have to 420 00:25:29,760 --> 00:25:33,000 Speaker 1: thank our fabulous producer Nol who has recorded and edited 421 00:25:33,040 --> 00:25:35,240 Speaker 1: our show for the last few years, and Annie who 422 00:25:35,280 --> 00:25:37,280 Speaker 1: was our producer for a bit when we first came on, 423 00:25:37,960 --> 00:25:40,720 Speaker 1: and really our entire production team has pitched in at 424 00:25:40,760 --> 00:25:43,040 Speaker 1: some point. So thanks to the staff at House of 425 00:25:43,119 --> 00:25:46,040 Speaker 1: Works as well, who have all touched the podcasts in 426 00:25:46,080 --> 00:25:48,480 Speaker 1: some way or another, whether it's been making our website 427 00:25:48,480 --> 00:25:50,639 Speaker 1: work or making sure we can just keep the lights on. 428 00:25:52,160 --> 00:25:55,560 Speaker 1: And thanks to everyone who suggested ideas for today's show. 429 00:25:55,840 --> 00:25:58,520 Speaker 1: If you are disappointed that you suggested something that didn't 430 00:25:58,520 --> 00:26:01,560 Speaker 1: turn out to be today's topic, don't worry. We added 431 00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:04,800 Speaker 1: lots and lots of ideas to our show ideas list 432 00:26:04,920 --> 00:26:08,040 Speaker 1: during that call for suggestions, and that is now also 433 00:26:08,200 --> 00:26:13,040 Speaker 1: a thousand lines long. On Thursday, March first, we are 434 00:26:13,080 --> 00:26:16,879 Speaker 1: actually doing a Facebook live to celebrate our one thousandth episodes, 435 00:26:16,920 --> 00:26:20,560 Speaker 1: so you can find information about that on our social media. Yeah, 436 00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:22,679 Speaker 1: and also we have to thank you the listeners, So 437 00:26:22,760 --> 00:26:25,840 Speaker 1: thank you everybody for listening, because without you, we probably 438 00:26:25,880 --> 00:26:27,920 Speaker 1: never would have gotten to this mile. So we would 439 00:26:28,000 --> 00:26:31,280 Speaker 1: not have had a thousand episodes without people listening to them. 440 00:26:31,320 --> 00:26:33,919 Speaker 1: So thank you so much. All of our dear listeners, 441 00:26:34,640 --> 00:26:37,560 Speaker 1: do you have special listener mail for the thousandth episode? 442 00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:42,639 Speaker 1: I do have listener mail. Um. I was like, what 443 00:26:42,760 --> 00:26:46,680 Speaker 1: do we do? We need some kind of super fantastic 444 00:26:46,720 --> 00:26:49,520 Speaker 1: listener mail for a thousandth episode. We have particularly interesting 445 00:26:49,560 --> 00:26:52,920 Speaker 1: listener mail, just from Katie. So Katie says she's a 446 00:26:52,960 --> 00:26:55,679 Speaker 1: longtime listener, but she's been away from the show listening 447 00:26:55,680 --> 00:26:58,240 Speaker 1: to another show, which I completely understand. I get very 448 00:26:58,240 --> 00:27:00,320 Speaker 1: far behind on my favorite podcasts and then I have 449 00:27:00,359 --> 00:27:02,879 Speaker 1: to marathon them to catch up. So Katie says that 450 00:27:02,920 --> 00:27:04,760 Speaker 1: she just listened to the Night of Terror at the 451 00:27:04,760 --> 00:27:07,840 Speaker 1: Accoquan Workhouse and wanted to throw in her two cents 452 00:27:07,880 --> 00:27:11,440 Speaker 1: about the actual building. Um, And she talks about being 453 00:27:11,480 --> 00:27:15,400 Speaker 1: from the area and goes on to say that now 454 00:27:15,440 --> 00:27:18,399 Speaker 1: that the Lorton Workhouse, which was a building that was 455 00:27:18,480 --> 00:27:21,520 Speaker 1: part of this whole Acuquan Workhouse complex, it now has 456 00:27:21,560 --> 00:27:25,919 Speaker 1: a new life as Workhouse Arts Center. I visited and 457 00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:28,680 Speaker 1: even though it gives off a very prison e vibe, 458 00:27:28,800 --> 00:27:32,199 Speaker 1: it provides many workspaces for artists and provides art lessons 459 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:35,679 Speaker 1: of many different kinds. There's also a small museum dedicated 460 00:27:35,720 --> 00:27:39,359 Speaker 1: to the prison and moreover, the Suffragetts who were housed there. 461 00:27:39,600 --> 00:27:42,080 Speaker 1: There's a very creepy mannequin of a woman being force 462 00:27:42,160 --> 00:27:45,960 Speaker 1: fed raw eggs. Nevertheless, my visit there was the first 463 00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:48,840 Speaker 1: I had learned about my local suffragettes in the Night 464 00:27:48,880 --> 00:27:52,119 Speaker 1: of Terror, despite going to elementary, middle and high school 465 00:27:52,160 --> 00:27:55,520 Speaker 1: in the area. I'd like to think the suffragettes who 466 00:27:55,520 --> 00:27:57,840 Speaker 1: suffered there would be glad the prison has a new 467 00:27:57,920 --> 00:28:01,840 Speaker 1: life dedicated to art for all your great work, Katie. 468 00:28:01,880 --> 00:28:05,120 Speaker 1: Thank you Katie for that note. UH. If you would 469 00:28:05,160 --> 00:28:06,960 Speaker 1: like to write to us about this or any other 470 00:28:07,000 --> 00:28:09,760 Speaker 1: podcast or history podcast at how stuff works dot com 471 00:28:09,800 --> 00:28:11,920 Speaker 1: and then we're also at missed in History all over 472 00:28:12,040 --> 00:28:15,040 Speaker 1: social media, you can come to our website, which is 473 00:28:15,080 --> 00:28:17,840 Speaker 1: missed in History dot com. You will find show notes 474 00:28:17,920 --> 00:28:20,040 Speaker 1: about all the episodes that Holly and I have ever 475 00:28:20,119 --> 00:28:23,359 Speaker 1: done together. You will find the whole source list for 476 00:28:23,400 --> 00:28:26,760 Speaker 1: today's episode, all of the research that we did. UH. 477 00:28:26,760 --> 00:28:28,960 Speaker 1: In particular, you can find all the information about one 478 00:28:29,000 --> 00:28:30,760 Speaker 1: of the books that was a big part of this research, 479 00:28:30,800 --> 00:28:33,200 Speaker 1: what is called Children of the Paper Crane, the story 480 00:28:33,240 --> 00:28:38,160 Speaker 1: of Sadako Sasaki and her struggle with the A bomb disease. UH. 481 00:28:38,640 --> 00:28:41,720 Speaker 1: You can also find a searchable archive of every episode 482 00:28:41,720 --> 00:28:44,760 Speaker 1: we have ever done. You can do all that a 483 00:28:44,760 --> 00:28:47,240 Speaker 1: whole lot more at our website, which is missing history 484 00:28:47,280 --> 00:28:49,880 Speaker 1: dot com, and you can subscribe to our podcast on 485 00:28:50,040 --> 00:28:59,000 Speaker 1: Apple podcasts, Google Play, anywhere else you find podcasts. For 486 00:28:59,120 --> 00:29:01,600 Speaker 1: more on this and thousands of other topics, visit how 487 00:29:01,680 --> 00:29:10,800 Speaker 1: staff works dot com MHM