WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: Jellyfish - Even Cooler Than Octopi? 0:00:02.200 --> 0:00:08.159 Hello, everyone, It's October sixt What No, but this is 0:00:08.240 --> 0:00:11.239 Chuck from the future past telling you to listen to 0:00:11.280 --> 0:00:15.320 the selects pick for the week Jellyfish colon even cooler 0:00:15.360 --> 0:00:22.159 than the OCTOPI you decide. Welcome to Stuff You should Know, 0:00:22.360 --> 0:00:30.840 a production of I Heart Radios How Stuff Works. Hey, 0:00:30.880 --> 0:00:34.279 and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with Charles W. 0:00:34.440 --> 0:00:39.600 Chuck Bryant with Jerry st You should know. Oh man, 0:00:39.720 --> 0:00:46.440 let's start over all right, Well, that's okay. How you doing. 0:00:46.760 --> 0:00:51.080 I'm good. I'm jet black still, I'm coming out of 0:00:51.120 --> 0:00:53.800 it for sure, but yeah, I'm a little jetlike. I 0:00:53.960 --> 0:00:56.960 just was explaining off Mike that my body is at 0:00:57.840 --> 0:01:00.960 four thirty or five every morning. Does get up, dummy? 0:01:01.120 --> 0:01:05.920 It's ten fifteen eleven, And I go, no, it's not. 0:01:06.000 --> 0:01:11.559 It's dark. No internal struggle. And it's a British voice too. 0:01:12.319 --> 0:01:15.120 It's like, get up, you need your beans and blood, 0:01:15.160 --> 0:01:20.360 sausage and import pies. How was that? Oh man, I 0:01:20.440 --> 0:01:25.480 want another one so bad, you know? Save that? Okay? Uh? 0:01:25.600 --> 0:01:28.720 My jet leg is not so much pronounced in the morning, 0:01:29.160 --> 0:01:31.880 it's just at nine thirty at night. I fall over 0:01:31.959 --> 0:01:34.760 wherever I'm standing or said, you're just like cooking in 0:01:34.760 --> 0:01:37.440 a walk and you just fall face for it. First 0:01:37.840 --> 0:01:40.760 you noticed the burned face. Yeah, that's dangerous. Well it 0:01:40.880 --> 0:01:44.199 hurt pretty bad because that walk grease gets pretty hot, 0:01:44.360 --> 0:01:51.680 it does walk. What is this? What walks? Who walks? Still? Dude? 0:01:51.680 --> 0:01:55.560 You kidney? No dark continents of people watch? Oh well sure, 0:01:56.440 --> 0:01:59.200 but I just I guess I just imagined like wearing 0:01:59.240 --> 0:02:02.240 a tennis or tied around my back. And I didn't 0:02:02.240 --> 0:02:09.400 say fond should you're having a fond part of boiling cheese. 0:02:09.520 --> 0:02:13.960 That's pretty seventies. You know what, if you ever want 0:02:13.960 --> 0:02:16.720 a fond dupot and like because you think it'd be 0:02:16.720 --> 0:02:19.359 fun to have a fond party, don't buy one new. 0:02:19.600 --> 0:02:23.320 Just go to a goodwill. I went for like three dollars. Yeah, 0:02:23.480 --> 0:02:26.760 you mean I have an unused one? Is it pea green? 0:02:29.200 --> 0:02:30.960 I don't know if I would cook out of a 0:02:31.040 --> 0:02:35.760 pea green anything? No? Yeah, all right, no, I wouldn't 0:02:36.080 --> 0:02:40.000 pe green refrigerator. I wouldn't need out of it p 0:02:40.160 --> 0:02:42.240 green car. I just throw up any time I want 0:02:42.280 --> 0:02:47.799 to go drop uh, I'll tell you what I am 0:02:47.800 --> 0:02:52.080 excited about though. Yeah, this is now officially my second 0:02:52.120 --> 0:02:59.640 favorite seafaring creature after octopus, Yeah for sure. Yeah, and 0:02:59.680 --> 0:03:02.720 this was close to like the jellyfish was really tugging 0:03:02.720 --> 0:03:06.400 at my heartstrings. Yeah, and the and the octopus just 0:03:06.520 --> 0:03:10.440 kept saying, you know what, remember me, remember the gramatophores. 0:03:10.480 --> 0:03:13.920 Watch this bam. It looks at like something completely different. 0:03:14.360 --> 0:03:16.040 And then I remember it. I was like, all right, octopus, 0:03:16.120 --> 0:03:20.360 you're right, jellyfish can't do that. I'm Rocky the squirrel. Now, 0:03:20.360 --> 0:03:24.280 I'm a romance soldier, I'm a cornucopia of vegetables in 0:03:24.280 --> 0:03:29.000 an oil painting. Uh. They are pretty cool. Yeah, but 0:03:29.080 --> 0:03:33.120 the jellyfish is really amazing. Yeah. The octopus is though 0:03:33.200 --> 0:03:36.680 they're like they're doing it on purpose. The jellyfish just 0:03:36.800 --> 0:03:41.080 accidentally kind of stumbles backwards into awesomeness. You know, well 0:03:41.120 --> 0:03:45.800 after five million years of practice, maybe seven, Yeah, we'll see. 0:03:46.160 --> 0:03:49.560 It's amazing. So when you're talking about jellyfish, a lot 0:03:49.560 --> 0:03:52.000 of people say, well, there's a jellyfish, that's a jellyfish, 0:03:52.040 --> 0:03:54.240 that's a jellyfish. That lady walking down the street with 0:03:54.280 --> 0:03:56.520 the leash got a jellyfish on the end of right, 0:03:56.600 --> 0:04:01.920 and and you would say jellyfish, jellyfish, comb, jelly dog, 0:04:03.320 --> 0:04:07.200 or weird cat lady who walks her cat. Yeah, that's unwholesome. 0:04:07.640 --> 0:04:10.240 That's as unwholesome as walking a jellyfish down this street 0:04:10.720 --> 0:04:15.680 on a leash. So there are such things as comb jellies, 0:04:16.279 --> 0:04:19.880 and there's jellyfish, and you out there who's lived maybe 0:04:19.880 --> 0:04:22.919 ten twenty years on this planet or more, we've probably 0:04:22.920 --> 0:04:25.719 seen them both. But it turns out that they look 0:04:25.839 --> 0:04:28.400 very similar. But as we're finding out, as we get 0:04:28.440 --> 0:04:32.040 deeper and deeper into using genetics to do taxonomy rather 0:04:32.080 --> 0:04:36.159 than our peepers, that doesn't necessarily mean they're related. And 0:04:36.200 --> 0:04:40.120 actually there's there's some tremendous debate between just how closely 0:04:40.160 --> 0:04:44.159 related jellyfish and comb jellies are. Tremendous debate. Yes, we're 0:04:44.240 --> 0:04:47.520 very subdued. It depends on where you are among like 0:04:47.680 --> 0:04:50.800 fifty people. If you're in the jellyfish department of some 0:04:51.120 --> 0:04:55.080 like the Monterey Bay Aquarium, I'll bet it gets nuts 0:04:55.120 --> 0:04:58.960 a little vigorous. Yeah, they down some some old English 0:04:59.120 --> 0:05:03.440 forty uh right, malt liquor and argue and to get 0:05:03.440 --> 0:05:06.719 out the brass knuckles about taxonomy. Uh so that the 0:05:06.800 --> 0:05:10.760 two phila they are different. Uh, we're talking respectively for 0:05:10.839 --> 0:05:17.120 jellyfish and comb jellies. Uh, nadaria and ton afera. Yeah, nice, 0:05:17.200 --> 0:05:19.839 and there's seas before. Both of them are both silent, 0:05:20.520 --> 0:05:30.840 so it looks like centa bites and sephora. Yeah. Cento bytes. Yeah, 0:05:31.200 --> 0:05:33.680 what is that a centerbon? That's no center bites. They 0:05:33.680 --> 0:05:37.000 were the monsters in hell Raiser. Oh I thought it 0:05:37.000 --> 0:05:39.400 was like a centabon that was in handy bite sized pieces. 0:05:39.440 --> 0:05:43.120 That's a cinabyte. These are cento bites. Gotcha? Where where 0:05:43.120 --> 0:05:44.719 did this research come from? By the way, a big 0:05:44.760 --> 0:05:48.279 shout out Smithsonian. They have a site called the Ocean 0:05:48.320 --> 0:05:51.640 Portal amazing that has all sorts of great stuff on it. Yeah, 0:05:51.640 --> 0:05:54.599 you can't go wrong with Smithsonian. That's their their logo. 0:05:56.080 --> 0:05:59.800 There's there's this that forms the basis of this one. 0:05:59.839 --> 0:06:01.760 But I also want to give a huge shout out 0:06:01.839 --> 0:06:04.159 to another article I read a while back that I 0:06:04.200 --> 0:06:06.599 went back and reread. Actually it's called They're taking Over 0:06:07.040 --> 0:06:10.720 and it was a New York View Books article on it. Yeah. Uh, 0:06:10.760 --> 0:06:15.560 well reviewed a book on jellyfish, Yes, specifically jellyfish blooms 0:06:15.839 --> 0:06:19.480 or when you'll see on the news like, oh my gosh, 0:06:19.520 --> 0:06:23.320 there's five thousand jellyfish right here, right now, or thirty 0:06:23.400 --> 0:06:27.760 three thousand square miles of jellyfish. But we'll get to that. Yeah, yeah, yeah, 0:06:27.760 --> 0:06:30.320 were getting ahead of ourselves. So there's jellyfish and comb 0:06:30.400 --> 0:06:32.560 jellies and there we don't know if they're related. They 0:06:32.560 --> 0:06:36.240 look a lot like they're very much. Um, they seem related, 0:06:36.320 --> 0:06:39.800 So we're gonna talk about both. Yes, right, so let's 0:06:39.800 --> 0:06:42.040 talk about him, Chuck. All right, Well we'll start off 0:06:42.080 --> 0:06:46.799 with the body, uh, because well they're kind of all body. Uh. 0:06:46.839 --> 0:06:49.880 They both jellyfish income jellies have they have a lot 0:06:49.920 --> 0:06:52.920 of differences, but you know, when you look under the hood, 0:06:52.960 --> 0:06:55.159 they have a lot of similarities, which is why you 0:06:55.160 --> 0:06:58.680 would expect when people use their peepers they would just think, well, yeah, 0:06:58.720 --> 0:07:00.240 of course you have the same look at them. Yeah, 0:07:01.320 --> 0:07:05.240 don't don't think too don't overthink it. That was early science. 0:07:05.480 --> 0:07:08.320 Don't overthink it. So both of them have a couple 0:07:08.360 --> 0:07:11.640 of major cell layers, the external epidermis and then the 0:07:11.760 --> 0:07:17.000 internal one called the gastrodermist. And in between those is 0:07:17.480 --> 0:07:23.240 what you think of as jellyfish. Yeah, that's the mesoglia, yeah, 0:07:23.240 --> 0:07:27.440 which is a great name for that, and it's the filling. Yeah, 0:07:27.600 --> 0:07:30.560 it's it's nine. And in fact, jellyfish and come jellies 0:07:30.560 --> 0:07:35.840 are about water. Yeah, seawater actually salt and water. They're 0:07:35.880 --> 0:07:39.160 basically made up of the sea. I saw it put somewhere. Yeah, 0:07:39.200 --> 0:07:44.120 you know, it's amazing. Um. So they have basically one 0:07:44.520 --> 0:07:50.320 mouth where um stuff goes in and comes out. It's 0:07:50.360 --> 0:07:55.720 like a U mouth and oral anis basically I don't 0:07:55.760 --> 0:07:57.440 even know if they refer to it as a mouth. 0:07:57.480 --> 0:07:59.960 Do they like somewhere in this thing? Didn't they called 0:08:00.000 --> 0:08:03.280 it literally like a body hole or something. Yeah, it's 0:08:03.360 --> 0:08:06.880 it's a pretty basic, basic organism, but it does a 0:08:06.880 --> 0:08:09.320 lot of things. Yeah, so it's not Yeah, when you 0:08:09.320 --> 0:08:11.800 think of mouth, you just think eating. Not necessarily, Hey, 0:08:11.880 --> 0:08:15.240 let's put some sperm and egg in there too. It's 0:08:15.280 --> 0:08:18.480 like all purpose. Yeah, but they don't necessarily need in 0:08:18.480 --> 0:08:22.280 a mouth for eating because apparently they can absorb nutrients 0:08:22.360 --> 0:08:25.160 like just through their skin. Yeah, so they have they 0:08:25.200 --> 0:08:27.680 don't have a stomach, they don't have intestines, they don't 0:08:27.680 --> 0:08:30.160 have lungs. They're just like, get in my get in 0:08:30.240 --> 0:08:34.160 my skin nutrients yeah, and oxygen, And if you think 0:08:34.200 --> 0:08:37.360 about it, then they don't need lungs. They don't need 0:08:37.880 --> 0:08:41.400 like a they don't need a mouth, so they don't 0:08:41.440 --> 0:08:44.840 need to chew. All this stuff requires a lot of energy. 0:08:45.440 --> 0:08:50.440 They actually are extraordinarily efficient organisms, so they get a 0:08:50.559 --> 0:08:53.120 lot more energy out of the stuff that they take 0:08:53.160 --> 0:08:56.520 in than other things, which actually gives them a huge 0:08:56.559 --> 0:08:59.840 advantages we'll see later. Uh. So the outer cells, they 0:08:59.840 --> 0:09:03.040 have this epidermis, like we said, and it has what's 0:09:03.080 --> 0:09:07.000 called a nerve net, and it's just this net of 0:09:07.080 --> 0:09:11.640 nerves literally, um, and that it's it's it's their nervous 0:09:11.640 --> 0:09:15.920 system basically, and it's the it's the most basic, Um, 0:09:15.960 --> 0:09:19.640 I guess, brain like structure of any organism on the planet, 0:09:20.080 --> 0:09:23.719 of any multicellular organism. I guess that's right. And so 0:09:23.760 --> 0:09:25.880 in the nerve net, not only does it have nerves, 0:09:25.920 --> 0:09:28.920 it also has some sort of specialized cells, like some 0:09:29.040 --> 0:09:31.960 that detect light so they can know that they need 0:09:32.000 --> 0:09:37.199 to move away from that boat spotlight. Uh, and then 0:09:37.280 --> 0:09:39.520 some that tell them whether they're moving up or down 0:09:39.640 --> 0:09:43.599 or whether they're upside down. Yeah, big dummies, that's a 0:09:43.720 --> 0:09:45.880 that's a big one. You think about it. But I mean, 0:09:46.000 --> 0:09:49.520 like that's if you don't have eyeballs. No, But this 0:09:49.559 --> 0:09:51.880 is the weird part. Man, this is so disturbing to me. 0:09:51.960 --> 0:09:56.440 This is almost as disturbing as squid having beaks. Some 0:09:57.400 --> 0:10:02.719 types of jellies, box jellies, in particular um box jellyfish 0:10:03.000 --> 0:10:08.480 have eyes. They have retinas lenses, but they don't have 0:10:08.480 --> 0:10:12.240 a brain. So scientists are like, how what how are 0:10:12.280 --> 0:10:15.920 you processing these images that you're clearly taking in and 0:10:15.960 --> 0:10:19.920 responding to, Like, we've shown you pictures of like um 0:10:20.880 --> 0:10:24.520 Sheryl lad and you like gave a thumbs up. So 0:10:24.679 --> 0:10:28.480 obviously you can use these eyes, but how are you 0:10:28.600 --> 0:10:31.760 sorting these images? You know? Yeah, they think it's that 0:10:31.960 --> 0:10:35.320 that nerve ring, but they're not sure, right, and that's 0:10:35.320 --> 0:10:40.440 a ring around Uh, it's concentration of nerves basically that 0:10:40.520 --> 0:10:43.040 they haven't figured out yet. But they think that's there 0:10:43.040 --> 0:10:48.400 in is the secret. It would be like, um, it 0:10:48.640 --> 0:10:52.880 would be like now, I can't come with a good analogy. 0:10:53.240 --> 0:10:55.080 There's a million of them out there, but I'm not 0:10:55.520 --> 0:10:58.679 still jet Like I guess I just want to apologize 0:10:58.679 --> 0:11:00.880 to everybody because that could have been I was on 0:11:00.920 --> 0:11:04.080 the edge of my seat. Uh. Uh. So comb jellies 0:11:04.120 --> 0:11:07.120 they have a few things that the regular jelly does 0:11:07.160 --> 0:11:11.200 not have. Uh. Most notably the comb their name for 0:11:11.280 --> 0:11:16.280 these uh silia, these giant fuse cilia. There's eight rows 0:11:17.040 --> 0:11:20.080 up and down their bodies and they basically are their 0:11:20.280 --> 0:11:23.240 ways of locomotive neck like little bitty oars paddling around 0:11:23.280 --> 0:11:26.760 in the water. And there are other animals that do this, 0:11:26.840 --> 0:11:28.880 but the comb jelly is the largest one to do 0:11:28.960 --> 0:11:32.200 this and to use this kind of locomotion. And it 0:11:32.240 --> 0:11:34.600 looks like a rainbow if you look one up, but 0:11:34.679 --> 0:11:37.240 you think it might be bioluminescent, but it's not. It's 0:11:37.280 --> 0:11:41.520 just light catching the cilia and scattering it. It's beautiful, 0:11:43.440 --> 0:11:45.720 It is quite beautiful. But that's the thing that that 0:11:45.800 --> 0:11:50.680 separates comb jellies from jelly jellyfish most um pronounced lee right, Yeah, 0:11:50.880 --> 0:11:55.960 because a lot of their activities and just the stuff 0:11:56.000 --> 0:11:59.520 that they do, it's fairly similar the TV they watch, 0:12:00.360 --> 0:12:03.280 but their means of locomotion are are really the big, 0:12:03.640 --> 0:12:07.040 huge distinction. Yeah. The A lot of the comb jellies 0:12:07.080 --> 0:12:09.520 have a single pair just two tentacles, but it looks 0:12:09.559 --> 0:12:12.240 like more because they branch out um and they use 0:12:12.280 --> 0:12:15.480 those like little fishing lines because they have sticky cells 0:12:15.679 --> 0:12:18.760 uh color blast at the end. And this is different 0:12:18.960 --> 0:12:22.520 uh big time than jellyfish. They don't sting. No, they 0:12:22.640 --> 0:12:26.120 use um gluey, which is pretty neat, so you won't 0:12:26.120 --> 0:12:29.120 be stung by a comb jelly. So just swim up 0:12:29.120 --> 0:12:34.160 and hug one. They love it when you do that. So. Um, 0:12:34.200 --> 0:12:36.440 when you think of a jellyfish, like a true jelly 0:12:36.520 --> 0:12:40.120 is what what they're called. Um there you think of 0:12:40.160 --> 0:12:44.840 like kind of this bell shaped umbrella shaped thing with 0:12:44.880 --> 0:12:48.400 the tentacles hanging down. Beautiful. And if it's a jellyfish, 0:12:48.679 --> 0:12:51.120 that's actually one of two forms that it will take 0:12:51.160 --> 0:12:55.480 in its lifetime. Right, Um, it's that's the medusa form, 0:12:55.800 --> 0:12:59.439 and it's it's the adult form. There's a juvenile form 0:12:59.480 --> 0:13:03.200 called the all up and um. Depending on when it 0:13:03.320 --> 0:13:05.560 is in its life cycle, it will either be in 0:13:05.559 --> 0:13:08.400 a medusa form a polyp form. Yeah, and we'll get 0:13:08.440 --> 0:13:10.200 into the little more of the life cycle. But a 0:13:10.200 --> 0:13:14.400 polyp can end up becoming a medusa or just might 0:13:14.480 --> 0:13:16.559 be happy as little polyp and to stay as a 0:13:16.600 --> 0:13:19.640 poly up and create more meducea. Yeah, and the polyp 0:13:19.679 --> 0:13:23.480 looks like um, it almost looks like a plant. It 0:13:23.520 --> 0:13:27.000 looks like a little stalk attached to something, usually the 0:13:27.040 --> 0:13:30.800 sand or as we'll see, maybe a oil rig out 0:13:30.800 --> 0:13:32.360 in the middle of the ocean or something, or share 0:13:32.360 --> 0:13:36.200 a lad. That's right, because she's she's a deep water 0:13:36.280 --> 0:13:41.600 dweller at this point. Um. So it looks like a 0:13:41.600 --> 0:13:43.440 little plant. It's got it looks like a little stalk, 0:13:43.559 --> 0:13:47.320 and then the uh, tentacles are blooming out of it, 0:13:47.360 --> 0:13:51.040 almost like a flower. Yeah, like anemone or something like that. Yeah. 0:13:51.080 --> 0:13:53.680 And sometimes you see him many many of them together 0:13:53.720 --> 0:13:56.480 in a colony. You think that's an amazing plant. It's 0:13:56.520 --> 0:13:59.320 actually a jelly. Yeah, pretty cool if you would be 0:13:59.360 --> 0:14:01.400 able to tell if you poked it with your finger. 0:14:02.040 --> 0:14:06.040 That's right. So the size among jellies ants and um 0:14:06.200 --> 0:14:10.640 comb jellies are I mean, some of are just microscopic, 0:14:11.280 --> 0:14:14.160 others get pretty big. If there's one called the lion's 0:14:14.200 --> 0:14:18.000 main jellyfish, which on the whole across like the whole species, 0:14:18.400 --> 0:14:21.720 they are the largest jellyfish known to humankind. Did you 0:14:21.760 --> 0:14:25.400 see this thing? Yeah, it looks like photoshop when you 0:14:25.440 --> 0:14:29.120 see a scuba diver up next to one. It definitely does. 0:14:29.520 --> 0:14:34.760 Like the bell actually gets to be six ft wide. Yeah, 0:14:34.800 --> 0:14:39.040 And the tentacles are like, um long, fifty ft long, 0:14:39.640 --> 0:14:42.600 and some some get bigger than that. But that's you know, 0:14:42.680 --> 0:14:47.280 the average size of one of those. This is pretty neat. Yeah, 0:14:47.320 --> 0:14:51.400 I mean they're not to be feared. But swimming up 0:14:51.400 --> 0:14:54.400 to something that large and that kind of creepy looking 0:14:54.720 --> 0:14:57.760 is not for me, that's all. I'll say. That eats anything, 0:14:58.080 --> 0:15:02.000 it'll eat anything like people. Yeah, No, I won't need 0:15:02.080 --> 0:15:07.360 a person. Yeah, I don't know. If they were big enough, 0:15:07.400 --> 0:15:10.240 it might. All right, So let's talk a little bit 0:15:10.240 --> 0:15:14.760 about the various types. Um. We'll start with Nadaria, which 0:15:14.840 --> 0:15:19.440 is the the jellyfish itself, not the comb. There are 0:15:19.480 --> 0:15:22.880 more than ten thousand species, uh, and about four thousand 0:15:22.960 --> 0:15:25.680 or fewer actually are what we think of as the 0:15:25.680 --> 0:15:29.320 true jelly the medusa that we know and love, uh. 0:15:29.360 --> 0:15:32.840 And within that there are quite a few different types, 0:15:33.240 --> 0:15:37.240 one of which is the skiff a zoa. And this 0:15:37.320 --> 0:15:41.520 is the most common true jellyfish that you can imagine. 0:15:41.880 --> 0:15:45.040 When you picture jelly fish in your mind, you're probably 0:15:45.080 --> 0:15:49.800 thinking of the skiff a zoa um. The hydrozoa are 0:15:50.200 --> 0:15:55.280 um impostors. Well, they're they're the ones who they spend 0:15:55.360 --> 0:15:58.000 most of their time as polyps, right, So the skiff 0:15:58.000 --> 0:16:00.920 a zoa spend most of their time in the medusas phase. 0:16:01.600 --> 0:16:04.840 The hydrozoa are the ones that look like plants at 0:16:04.840 --> 0:16:08.880 the bottom and are just reproducing like mad um, and 0:16:08.960 --> 0:16:12.680 they actually can come together and create what are called 0:16:12.720 --> 0:16:17.000 colonial siphon of force. And that's a you know, a 0:16:17.040 --> 0:16:20.880 Portuguese man of war. Okay, So that is actually not 0:16:21.040 --> 0:16:24.840 a true jellyfish. It's actually a collection. It's a it's 0:16:24.840 --> 0:16:29.720 a colony that comes together to act like one large organism, right, 0:16:30.240 --> 0:16:33.040 and it's made up of persons, so like there's the 0:16:33.240 --> 0:16:37.080 person that is in charge of digestion, there's the person 0:16:37.160 --> 0:16:40.240 that's in charge of catching prey. There's the person that's 0:16:40.240 --> 0:16:43.720 in charge of locomotion. And rather than these things being 0:16:43.760 --> 0:16:47.840 body parts, they're actually individual organisms that are genetically identical 0:16:47.880 --> 0:16:50.240 to one another because they all come from the same egg. 0:16:50.640 --> 0:16:54.920 But they're actually a colony. Does that make sense? Like, 0:16:55.000 --> 0:17:00.160 imagine if your organs were various actual organisms that came 0:17:00.200 --> 0:17:03.120 together to make you. It's like the polyphonic spree of 0:17:04.040 --> 0:17:07.000 the ocean world. Exactly. It's amazing. That's exactly what I 0:17:07.040 --> 0:17:10.080 was driving at. Uh. Next up we have the Cuba 0:17:10.160 --> 0:17:13.320 zoa and that's you mentioned the box jellyfish. They look 0:17:13.400 --> 0:17:16.159 like a box is more squared looking. Those are the 0:17:16.200 --> 0:17:19.200 most dangerous ones. Yeah. They have the most potent venom 0:17:19.280 --> 0:17:23.160 and it is stuff not just of jellyfish, of any 0:17:23.280 --> 0:17:26.000 animal on the planet. Yeah, the sea wasp has the 0:17:26.040 --> 0:17:32.679 most powerful venom for humans, I should say the sea wasp. 0:17:33.160 --> 0:17:36.240 And that just awesome sounding. Yeah, it sounds like something 0:17:36.280 --> 0:17:39.360 you want to avoid at all costs. Yeah. Uh so 0:17:39.440 --> 0:17:41.880 these guys are the ones that have a more complex 0:17:41.920 --> 0:17:46.080 nervous system, that have the the eyes right, Yeah, with 0:17:46.119 --> 0:17:48.480 the corneas and things. So they're the most deadly and 0:17:48.480 --> 0:17:52.640 they're looking at you. Yeah, they're saying, I'm coming for you. 0:17:53.520 --> 0:17:58.520 The star o zoa stalk jellyfishes, and they don't float. 0:17:59.240 --> 0:18:01.720 They are actually like to cling onto things and attached 0:18:01.720 --> 0:18:05.000 to things, and they are mainly cold water. But all 0:18:05.200 --> 0:18:08.320 you can find most all kinds are not all kinds. 0:18:08.400 --> 0:18:10.920 You can find some kind of jellyfish and almost any 0:18:11.160 --> 0:18:14.560 kind of water, any kind of ocean water in the world. Well, 0:18:14.640 --> 0:18:17.480 not just that there's some thrive and freshwater. There's a 0:18:17.560 --> 0:18:20.720 type of jellyfish that is um all over the Great Lakes. 0:18:21.880 --> 0:18:25.040 It was originally it's native to China, and they think 0:18:25.040 --> 0:18:28.560 that it was brought over originally from China to England 0:18:29.080 --> 0:18:33.000 in like a water lily shipment, because it was first 0:18:33.000 --> 0:18:36.800 discovered in the West in like garden ponds, and it 0:18:36.920 --> 0:18:39.600 somehow made its way to the Great Lakes. And now 0:18:39.640 --> 0:18:42.680 there's a freshwater jellyfish that's about I think the size 0:18:42.680 --> 0:18:46.119 of your thumbnail, depending on what size your thumbnail is 0:18:46.560 --> 0:18:49.240 in the Great Lakes. That's a jellyfish. And it's a 0:18:49.240 --> 0:18:53.520 true jellyfish. And we should say also with um jellyfish locomotion, 0:18:53.560 --> 0:18:56.200 they don't use the silly a like a comb jellyfish 0:18:56.240 --> 0:19:01.760 does They in Medusa form x banned and contract the 0:19:01.760 --> 0:19:04.200 bell right, so beautiful. And I was reading I think 0:19:04.200 --> 0:19:07.720 it was a Scientific American or Popular Science, one of 0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:10.400 those two all posted on the podcast Pitch, but it 0:19:10.480 --> 0:19:15.360 was they some researchers examined how jellyfish move and they 0:19:15.400 --> 0:19:18.879 found that not only are they like um able to 0:19:19.000 --> 0:19:23.480 move when they when they expand and then contract in 0:19:23.560 --> 0:19:27.600 the resting motion of their bell, of vortex actually forms 0:19:27.640 --> 0:19:30.959 in the water above them and moves beneath them and 0:19:31.000 --> 0:19:33.760 moves them up that way. So they're constantly moving, but 0:19:33.800 --> 0:19:37.280 they're only exerting like half of the energy needed to 0:19:37.320 --> 0:19:41.360 move forward. To propel forward or upward. Right, So that's 0:19:41.400 --> 0:19:45.840 even one more way that they're incredibly efficient type of animal. Yeah, 0:19:45.960 --> 0:19:49.720 without a brain, they're pretty smart, you know what I mean. Uh, 0:19:49.800 --> 0:19:51.760 should we take a break? Yeah, all right, we'll take 0:19:51.760 --> 0:19:53.760 a break, and we're gonna come back and dive into 0:19:53.840 --> 0:20:20.960 the wonderful world of comb jellies. All right. So we 0:20:21.040 --> 0:20:25.399 talked about just a few of the standard jellyfish. The 0:20:25.440 --> 0:20:30.640 comb jellies are way way fewer species of the tina fours. Um, 0:20:30.680 --> 0:20:33.439 we're talking I think ten thousand for the other this 0:20:33.520 --> 0:20:39.920 is about a hundred fifty. Yeah, not even hundred fifty. Yeah, 0:20:39.960 --> 0:20:43.280 But they're saying that it's possible that these are just 0:20:43.400 --> 0:20:47.200 the ones we are aware of because um, we've encountered 0:20:47.200 --> 0:20:49.760 them in coastal waters, that they may be way more 0:20:49.760 --> 0:20:52.720 in deep sea. Yeah, they don't know much about those guys, right, right. 0:20:52.880 --> 0:20:54.520 And the ones that are in deep see that we've 0:20:54.600 --> 0:20:58.520 encountered tend to be so fragile that we can't collect them. Yeah, 0:20:58.560 --> 0:21:00.479 because they're not tough, because they don't to put up 0:21:00.520 --> 0:21:03.200 with the you know, their merrids and waves and yeah, 0:21:03.359 --> 0:21:05.399 they just float out there and yeah, you look at 0:21:05.440 --> 0:21:09.000 them too hard. And they crumble. Um. So one type 0:21:09.000 --> 0:21:13.480 of a comb jelly is uh sodipid uh and they 0:21:13.480 --> 0:21:16.760 are all around their spherical or oval. They have those 0:21:16.760 --> 0:21:20.000 branch tentacles that we talked about. Those tentacles are a 0:21:20.000 --> 0:21:21.960 little unique and that they can actually draw them back 0:21:22.000 --> 0:21:24.720 into the body when it's cold, yeah, which is pretty cool. 0:21:25.080 --> 0:21:28.919 Really okay, so I believe uh yeah. And they have 0:21:29.000 --> 0:21:31.440 like sheets on the sides of their mouths that it 0:21:31.520 --> 0:21:35.080 draws back into which is pretty cool amazing. Um. Then 0:21:35.119 --> 0:21:39.920 there's low baits uh, which have lobes on the sides, 0:21:40.080 --> 0:21:45.000 right yeah, um, and that's about it. They have the 0:21:45.040 --> 0:21:49.080 lobes and that's what they're known for baroids. These are 0:21:49.119 --> 0:21:52.560 kind of cool. These are the dudes that have no tentacles. 0:21:53.440 --> 0:21:55.679 So the way they eat is they have a big, 0:21:55.720 --> 0:21:58.760 big mouth that draws in a lot of stuff and 0:21:58.760 --> 0:22:02.560 then a very tight, almost zipper like thing that shuts 0:22:03.080 --> 0:22:05.159 and then they can shut that mouth really hard and 0:22:05.280 --> 0:22:08.200 just mush all that stuff up. Well. They they have 0:22:08.280 --> 0:22:11.920 silia inside their mouths that act like teeds that pull 0:22:12.000 --> 0:22:17.600 their prey apart alive teeth tooth teeth. Yeah, oh man, 0:22:17.680 --> 0:22:22.119 it's weird. Jet leg um. But the little the teeth 0:22:22.200 --> 0:22:25.080 just pick it like their prey and just pull them apart. 0:22:25.160 --> 0:22:28.640 It dissolves them, basically mechanically amazing. Have you ever seen 0:22:28.680 --> 0:22:33.520 a video of um, the uh, the pelican who's just 0:22:33.560 --> 0:22:35.760 standing there and there's a pigeon like on the ground 0:22:35.840 --> 0:22:37.320 right in front of him, and all of a sudden 0:22:37.320 --> 0:22:39.959 the pigeon the pelican just eats the pigeon, and the 0:22:40.000 --> 0:22:42.200 pigeons like trying to get out of the pelicans like 0:22:42.320 --> 0:22:46.360 huge mouth, and the pelicans just sitting there like nothing's happening. 0:22:46.640 --> 0:22:49.520 And then finally like the pigeon stops moving. It is 0:22:50.000 --> 0:22:54.359 really disturbing because you you you know, like pelicans don't 0:22:54.359 --> 0:22:57.240 normally eat live pigeons, so there's like there's something wrong 0:22:57.280 --> 0:23:01.120 with this pelican or it was just then steely reserve, 0:23:01.480 --> 0:23:06.159 like no remorse whatsoever. Yeah, it's a it's a disconcerting video, 0:23:06.440 --> 0:23:09.840 especially if you're a pigeon lover, which I'm not. I'm 0:23:09.880 --> 0:23:12.480 it sound like I hate pigeons, but you don't want 0:23:12.480 --> 0:23:16.200 to see him get you know, eaten eaten by a pelican. Yeah, 0:23:16.240 --> 0:23:19.560 it's it's weird. It's totally strange. Where do you find 0:23:19.600 --> 0:23:23.639 this stuff? It's around so weird. I think you may 0:23:23.720 --> 0:23:26.159 showed me that one. Yeah. You guys always have a 0:23:26.160 --> 0:23:29.639 lot of weird videos at your fingertips. You and you 0:23:29.760 --> 0:23:31.600 we were just always talking about, like did you see 0:23:31.600 --> 0:23:35.159 the one where you know, the pelican ate the pigeon. Yeah, 0:23:35.359 --> 0:23:40.520 I guess so that's pretty neat. Um Comb jellies distribution wise, 0:23:40.520 --> 0:23:43.399 they are also all over the oceans. Uh. They do 0:23:43.480 --> 0:23:45.880 perform a little warmer water though, but you can't find 0:23:45.880 --> 0:23:49.240 them anywhere, right. Um. So we're talking earlier about the 0:23:49.240 --> 0:23:52.320 fact that they are from different phyla and that there's this, 0:23:52.560 --> 0:23:57.080 you know, drunken argument going on among scientists at the 0:23:57.119 --> 0:24:02.000 Monterey Bay aquari about how how closely related they are. Um. 0:24:02.080 --> 0:24:06.560 They used to all be described as uh sellin slinarata, 0:24:06.840 --> 0:24:11.080 which is hollow bellied. Oh yeah, makes sense, But they don't. 0:24:11.080 --> 0:24:14.480 They don't say that anymore. And if you want to 0:24:14.480 --> 0:24:18.640 be ridiculed by your peers, call them that. But some 0:24:18.680 --> 0:24:21.680 people say, you know, their sister groups. Some people say, nope, 0:24:21.720 --> 0:24:25.240 they're not even that closely related. Uh So the debate 0:24:25.320 --> 0:24:29.280 rages on. I guess yep. So, Um, what what's interesting 0:24:29.320 --> 0:24:31.600 is that we even know how long jellies have been 0:24:31.600 --> 0:24:36.560 around because there they have no solid parts. Yeah, you'd 0:24:36.560 --> 0:24:39.199 think it'd be hard to find a fossil. They have 0:24:39.240 --> 0:24:42.439 gelatinous parts, they don't have any hardened parts. Yeah, that 0:24:42.440 --> 0:24:45.399 would be fossilized easily. But there have been some discoveries, 0:24:45.400 --> 0:24:50.240 some amazing discoveries of jellyfish and um comb jellies from 0:24:50.280 --> 0:24:53.679 about five million years ago. It's the I believe, the 0:24:53.720 --> 0:24:57.320 oldest known specimens found. And there's this one found in 0:24:57.800 --> 0:25:00.920 Utah because apparently Utah used to be a shallow inland 0:25:00.960 --> 0:25:04.040 sea and it had these jellyfish in it. And I 0:25:04.080 --> 0:25:07.560 guess something happened to this jellyfish. It was crushed by 0:25:07.880 --> 0:25:11.960 a rock, something a lot of pressure, I would think, 0:25:12.200 --> 0:25:14.399