1 00:00:00,960 --> 00:00:03,960 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class, fun How 2 00:00:04,000 --> 00:00:13,320 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot Com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:17,680 Speaker 1: I'm Holly Fry and I'm tray Cybe Wilson. And sometimes 4 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:21,119 Speaker 1: when we're working on a podcast episode, uh one or 5 00:00:21,160 --> 00:00:22,720 Speaker 1: the other of us, I think this has happened to 6 00:00:22,800 --> 00:00:25,799 Speaker 1: us both, we'll run across some other idea along the way. 7 00:00:26,400 --> 00:00:30,000 Speaker 1: And that's actually how today's episode came to be. When 8 00:00:30,000 --> 00:00:32,760 Speaker 1: I was working on the research for the Marianne Cotton episode, 9 00:00:32,960 --> 00:00:36,000 Speaker 1: which you may recall she poisoned a lot of people, 10 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,240 Speaker 1: including her children, with arsenic I came across the mention 11 00:00:39,280 --> 00:00:42,800 Speaker 1: of today's subject in Deborah Bloom's book, The Poisoner's Handbook, 12 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:46,159 Speaker 1: and I was completely intrigued, to say the least. I 13 00:00:46,200 --> 00:00:49,120 Speaker 1: remember talking to my husband about it, and I scribbled 14 00:00:49,159 --> 00:00:51,199 Speaker 1: it in a notebook for future reference because I knew 15 00:00:51,240 --> 00:00:53,159 Speaker 1: I wanted to do an episode on it later, and 16 00:00:53,200 --> 00:00:55,720 Speaker 1: eventually I transferred that to the list of episode subject 17 00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:58,200 Speaker 1: ideas that I keep on my phone. But in truth, 18 00:00:58,280 --> 00:00:59,800 Speaker 1: I didn't need to do any of that, because I 19 00:01:00,080 --> 00:01:02,600 Speaker 1: we have not stopped thinking about this story since it 20 00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:06,319 Speaker 1: came to light. In my universe, this is not a 21 00:01:06,319 --> 00:01:08,880 Speaker 1: pleasant story, but it is definitely fascinating and it is 22 00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:15,240 Speaker 1: frankly mind boggling. It features both some horrific callousness people 23 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:18,760 Speaker 1: treating other people in ways that it's just stomach churning, 24 00:01:19,440 --> 00:01:23,720 Speaker 1: but it also features this very very intriguing level of 25 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:28,759 Speaker 1: almost superhuman resilience. So spoiler alert, it doesn't really end well, 26 00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:31,959 Speaker 1: but it is a really, really fascinating tale and one 27 00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:34,800 Speaker 1: worth hearing, in my opinion. So we're talking today about 28 00:01:34,800 --> 00:01:37,440 Speaker 1: Mike Malloy, a k a. Mike the Durable, who was 29 00:01:37,480 --> 00:01:41,039 Speaker 1: an alcoholic, homeless immigrant who became the focus of a 30 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:43,880 Speaker 1: murder plot in New York in the nineteen thirties, and 31 00:01:44,000 --> 00:01:48,400 Speaker 1: his nickname was incredibly apt. We know even less about 32 00:01:48,440 --> 00:01:53,040 Speaker 1: Mike Malloy than any other relatively obscure person we talked 33 00:01:53,040 --> 00:01:58,000 Speaker 1: about on the podcast. Basically, here's what we know. Sometime 34 00:01:58,240 --> 00:02:01,880 Speaker 1: between eighteen seventy two in eighteen seventy four in Ireland, 35 00:02:02,200 --> 00:02:05,600 Speaker 1: he was born, and then at some point after that 36 00:02:05,680 --> 00:02:09,200 Speaker 1: he immigrated to the United States magically in the interim 37 00:02:09,320 --> 00:02:11,720 Speaker 1: of having become an adult, or he could have become 38 00:02:11,720 --> 00:02:14,520 Speaker 1: an adult after, we don't really know. We do know 39 00:02:14,560 --> 00:02:17,000 Speaker 1: that he had a serious drinking problem. There's the facts 40 00:02:17,040 --> 00:02:21,760 Speaker 1: about Mike Bloy that we have. Yeah, nobody really knew 41 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:24,400 Speaker 1: much about him, unfortunately. Uh. And it's it's one of 42 00:02:24,400 --> 00:02:27,040 Speaker 1: those things where we're used to that sort of nebulousness 43 00:02:27,040 --> 00:02:30,400 Speaker 1: only look back a little further in history. But even 44 00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:32,600 Speaker 1: though he is a little closer to the modern era, 45 00:02:32,680 --> 00:02:35,960 Speaker 1: we still just have precious little information about him. He 46 00:02:36,000 --> 00:02:39,200 Speaker 1: didn't seem to have any family or friends. He had 47 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:41,880 Speaker 1: no steady job, although he had at one point worked 48 00:02:41,880 --> 00:02:44,960 Speaker 1: as a fireman and an engineer, and he occasionally made 49 00:02:44,960 --> 00:02:47,480 Speaker 1: a little money here and there by taking on odd jobs, 50 00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:51,079 Speaker 1: although often he would do these in trade, where he 51 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:53,880 Speaker 1: would take alcohol in lieu of cash payment for things 52 00:02:53,960 --> 00:02:56,919 Speaker 1: like sweeping up and taking out the trash. He did 53 00:02:56,919 --> 00:02:59,200 Speaker 1: not appear to have any place that he called home. 54 00:03:00,120 --> 00:03:03,760 Speaker 1: July of two three men sat in a speakeasy at 55 00:03:03,800 --> 00:03:06,840 Speaker 1: thirty eight oh four Third Avenue in the Bronx, and 56 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:11,200 Speaker 1: the speakeasy was called Marino's, and these folks were all 57 00:03:11,240 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 1: having a drink together. It was at the very tail 58 00:03:13,480 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: end of prohibition. The three men were Tony Marino, who 59 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 1: was the owner of the establishment. There was undertaker Francis 60 00:03:21,080 --> 00:03:25,320 Speaker 1: Frankie Pasqual and Daniel Kreisberg, who was a fruit vendor. 61 00:03:25,919 --> 00:03:28,480 Speaker 1: Their conversation after a while took a little bit of 62 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:32,600 Speaker 1: a dark turn. Mike malloy had been drinking in Marino's 63 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:36,120 Speaker 1: establishment for some time. He regularly showed up at opening, 64 00:03:36,200 --> 00:03:39,040 Speaker 1: and he started drinking immediately, only to pass out on 65 00:03:39,080 --> 00:03:41,640 Speaker 1: the floor within a few hours. And he had a tab, 66 00:03:41,760 --> 00:03:45,000 Speaker 1: but he rarely paid it. Business was not going well 67 00:03:45,040 --> 00:03:48,640 Speaker 1: at all for Marino. He needed money. The speakeasy game 68 00:03:48,720 --> 00:03:52,360 Speaker 1: was not exactly gangbusters at this point. His friends were 69 00:03:52,400 --> 00:03:55,400 Speaker 1: similarly strapped for money. It was a difficult time for 70 00:03:55,440 --> 00:03:59,360 Speaker 1: a lot of people. They were all waxing rhapsodic about 71 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:02,400 Speaker 1: this dream that a lot of people, if we're honest 72 00:04:02,440 --> 00:04:05,600 Speaker 1: with ourselves, have had, which is that maybe someone would 73 00:04:05,640 --> 00:04:09,160 Speaker 1: die and leave them lots of money. Yeah. Keep in 74 00:04:09,200 --> 00:04:12,240 Speaker 1: mind that this was, you know, during a point in 75 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:16,240 Speaker 1: US history when some metropolitan cities had nearly a fifty 76 00:04:16,320 --> 00:04:19,320 Speaker 1: percent unemployment rate. Like a lot of people were really hurting, 77 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:21,520 Speaker 1: and so it was kind of natural to think about 78 00:04:21,520 --> 00:04:24,360 Speaker 1: the many ways many money could magically come into your life. 79 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:27,400 Speaker 1: And somewhere in this discussion about how they could be 80 00:04:27,400 --> 00:04:29,840 Speaker 1: on easy Street if only the right person would die. 81 00:04:30,560 --> 00:04:33,000 Speaker 1: They started talking about Mike Malloy, who was at this 82 00:04:33,040 --> 00:04:37,000 Speaker 1: point passed out nearby, and then they started earnestly talking 83 00:04:37,000 --> 00:04:40,359 Speaker 1: about how they might benefit from his death. And naturally, 84 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:44,560 Speaker 1: if you kind of follow the logical steps, keeping in 85 00:04:44,600 --> 00:04:48,240 Speaker 1: mind that these are people who do kind of underhanded dealings, anyway, 86 00:04:48,400 --> 00:04:52,040 Speaker 1: an insurance fraud scheme was hatched. It seemed like a 87 00:04:52,120 --> 00:04:55,520 Speaker 1: perfect idea to the three men. Mike had nothing, and 88 00:04:55,560 --> 00:04:58,039 Speaker 1: he was such a drunk that he seemed to already 89 00:04:58,040 --> 00:05:01,080 Speaker 1: have one fot in the grave. It's almost like a 90 00:05:01,120 --> 00:05:04,679 Speaker 1: plot in a serial killer story about someone who prays 91 00:05:04,720 --> 00:05:06,840 Speaker 1: on homeless people because no one will notice that they 92 00:05:06,839 --> 00:05:10,120 Speaker 1: are gone. They also thought they wouldn't have to do 93 00:05:10,240 --> 00:05:13,080 Speaker 1: much except to give him the means to literally drink 94 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:15,640 Speaker 1: himself to death. If they just gave him access to 95 00:05:15,680 --> 00:05:17,719 Speaker 1: all of the alcohol, they thought he would do the 96 00:05:17,760 --> 00:05:22,039 Speaker 1: hard work for them. And this kind of plan, though, 97 00:05:22,080 --> 00:05:24,680 Speaker 1: as I mentioned, these are not necessarily people with the 98 00:05:24,720 --> 00:05:28,039 Speaker 1: cleanest of records. UH, this kind of plan was not 99 00:05:28,120 --> 00:05:31,479 Speaker 1: new for Marino and Pasqua. The undertaker who had pitched 100 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:35,640 Speaker 1: this idea knew it. In Marino had formed a friendship 101 00:05:35,720 --> 00:05:38,880 Speaker 1: with a woman named Mabel Carson. She was a homeless woman, 102 00:05:39,600 --> 00:05:42,000 Speaker 1: and Marino had coerced her to take out a life 103 00:05:42,000 --> 00:05:46,320 Speaker 1: insurance policy that named him as the beneficiary. Carson's policy 104 00:05:46,400 --> 00:05:49,160 Speaker 1: was worth two thousand dollars, and once the inc on 105 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:52,760 Speaker 1: that one was drying, it was finalized. So was Marino's plan. 106 00:05:53,600 --> 00:05:57,279 Speaker 1: During that winter, he selected a really chilly night to 107 00:05:57,360 --> 00:06:00,960 Speaker 1: get Mabel Carson as drunk as he could. He prepared 108 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:03,320 Speaker 1: a bed for her to sleep in by saturating the 109 00:06:03,360 --> 00:06:06,520 Speaker 1: mattress and the bedclothes with ice water, and he left 110 00:06:06,520 --> 00:06:09,920 Speaker 1: it under an open window. He undressed her, put her 111 00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:13,400 Speaker 1: to bed, and waited for her to die. Her official 112 00:06:13,440 --> 00:06:17,560 Speaker 1: cause of death was bronchial pneumonia, and the life insurance 113 00:06:17,600 --> 00:06:20,440 Speaker 1: policy was paid out to Marino, and that was that. 114 00:06:21,120 --> 00:06:25,200 Speaker 1: And so among these three men, this was decided Mike 115 00:06:25,240 --> 00:06:28,520 Speaker 1: Malloy would be used in a similar fraud scheme. But 116 00:06:28,560 --> 00:06:31,440 Speaker 1: in order for these three men plus the bartender Joseph 117 00:06:31,520 --> 00:06:34,240 Speaker 1: Red Murphy, who ended up kind of looped into it, 118 00:06:34,839 --> 00:06:37,560 Speaker 1: to all take part in this death and pay out 119 00:06:37,640 --> 00:06:40,080 Speaker 1: on Mike Malloy, it was going to require a little 120 00:06:40,080 --> 00:06:45,800 Speaker 1: more work than that initial fraud scheme that Marino had done. Specifically, 121 00:06:45,800 --> 00:06:47,520 Speaker 1: it was going to need more paperwork because there were 122 00:06:47,560 --> 00:06:50,360 Speaker 1: more people involved. So first they had to find ways 123 00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:53,480 Speaker 1: that they could all be beneficiaries of life insurance policies 124 00:06:53,480 --> 00:06:55,960 Speaker 1: on malloy. And this wasn't so much that they each 125 00:06:55,960 --> 00:06:58,320 Speaker 1: had to be named, but they had to have enough 126 00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:00,360 Speaker 1: money coming in that it was worthwhile for them to 127 00:07:00,400 --> 00:07:01,920 Speaker 1: all split up the funds. So they had to have 128 00:07:02,040 --> 00:07:05,360 Speaker 1: multiple policies, and this part of the plan actually took 129 00:07:05,400 --> 00:07:08,520 Speaker 1: five months to put together. An undertaker, Frankie Pasqual, had 130 00:07:08,560 --> 00:07:11,560 Speaker 1: headed up that part of the plot. Eventually they secured 131 00:07:11,720 --> 00:07:15,720 Speaker 1: three policies. One was with Metropolitan Life Insurance Company in 132 00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:18,840 Speaker 1: the amount of eight hundred dollars in the fictitious name 133 00:07:18,920 --> 00:07:22,400 Speaker 1: of Nicholas Mellory and Pasqual had arranged to have witnesses 134 00:07:22,800 --> 00:07:27,240 Speaker 1: who would identify Mike's body as this fictitious person. The 135 00:07:27,320 --> 00:07:30,640 Speaker 1: other two were with Prudential Life Insurance Company and each 136 00:07:30,720 --> 00:07:33,560 Speaker 1: was in the amount of four hundred and ninety four dollars. 137 00:07:34,080 --> 00:07:37,480 Speaker 1: The two policies from Prudential had double indemnity clauses, and 138 00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:39,480 Speaker 1: if you don't know what that is, it basically means 139 00:07:39,960 --> 00:07:44,240 Speaker 1: if the person dies from accidental causes, the payout is doubled, 140 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:48,680 Speaker 1: so knowing that they had connections that could doctor a 141 00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:52,160 Speaker 1: death certificate and identify the body as they wished. To 142 00:07:52,280 --> 00:07:54,960 Speaker 1: the conspirators, at this point, this seemed like a surefire 143 00:07:55,040 --> 00:07:58,960 Speaker 1: way to increase their income, with that double indemnity clause 144 00:07:59,600 --> 00:08:01,600 Speaker 1: all too old. At the plan worked, the men were 145 00:08:01,600 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 1: looking at a payout of two thousand, seven hundred and 146 00:08:04,080 --> 00:08:07,080 Speaker 1: seventy six dollars, and just as a quick aside on that, 147 00:08:07,240 --> 00:08:11,360 Speaker 1: if you look through various accounts online, that number comes 148 00:08:11,400 --> 00:08:15,600 Speaker 1: up different in a few cases. Um I ended up 149 00:08:15,640 --> 00:08:19,760 Speaker 1: going with a newspaper from the time of the actual 150 00:08:19,840 --> 00:08:22,000 Speaker 1: legal events that happened later where they kind of total 151 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:25,400 Speaker 1: out the policy. So you may see a different number, 152 00:08:25,440 --> 00:08:27,920 Speaker 1: that's the one that we went with. And so once 153 00:08:27,960 --> 00:08:30,240 Speaker 1: that was all settled, once they had all of this 154 00:08:30,360 --> 00:08:34,040 Speaker 1: insurance paperwork squared away, all that was left was to 155 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:36,840 Speaker 1: let Mike Malloy drink himself to death and collect on 156 00:08:36,880 --> 00:08:41,920 Speaker 1: those three policies. Before we get into the great links 157 00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:44,880 Speaker 1: that this so called murder trust went to trying to 158 00:08:44,960 --> 00:08:48,120 Speaker 1: kill Mike Malloy, let's pause and kind of catch our 159 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:49,840 Speaker 1: breath for a second with a word from one of 160 00:08:49,840 --> 00:08:54,040 Speaker 1: our sponsors. Now, back to our story. So to carry 161 00:08:54,040 --> 00:08:57,559 Speaker 1: out this plan, Tony Marino simply told Mike Malloyd that 162 00:08:57,640 --> 00:09:01,080 Speaker 1: the speakeasy had a new policy was or relaxed more 163 00:09:01,160 --> 00:09:04,199 Speaker 1: open ended bar tab. He claimed he was trying this 164 00:09:04,280 --> 00:09:07,920 Speaker 1: in an effort to stay competitive with other speakeasies, So 165 00:09:07,960 --> 00:09:09,960 Speaker 1: basically that was just going to let Mike drink as 166 00:09:10,080 --> 00:09:13,320 Speaker 1: much as he wanted without worrying about the money. They 167 00:09:13,320 --> 00:09:17,880 Speaker 1: could all figure it out later, and Mike drank uh. 168 00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:20,959 Speaker 1: Tony made sure that Mike's glass got refilled as quickly 169 00:09:21,000 --> 00:09:24,360 Speaker 1: as it emptied, and it seemed surely no human could 170 00:09:24,400 --> 00:09:27,400 Speaker 1: keep up the pace of alcohol consumption that Mike managed. 171 00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:30,720 Speaker 1: He just kept down in glass after glass of whiskey 172 00:09:30,840 --> 00:09:34,400 Speaker 1: until he finally thanked Tony for the lovely evening and left. 173 00:09:35,120 --> 00:09:38,079 Speaker 1: Came back the next day ready to once again enjoy 174 00:09:38,200 --> 00:09:40,760 Speaker 1: the luxury of an open bar tab with no stress 175 00:09:40,800 --> 00:09:43,880 Speaker 1: about how he would pay it. He drank himself into 176 00:09:43,920 --> 00:09:46,520 Speaker 1: oblivion one more time, but once again he did not 177 00:09:46,640 --> 00:09:49,440 Speaker 1: drink himself to death. He did the same thing on 178 00:09:49,480 --> 00:09:52,600 Speaker 1: the third day, and on the fourth day got to 179 00:09:52,640 --> 00:09:55,120 Speaker 1: the point where the conspirators were hoping that maybe he 180 00:09:55,160 --> 00:09:58,240 Speaker 1: would get so drunk that he'd get a head injury 181 00:09:58,280 --> 00:10:00,560 Speaker 1: because he would pass out and slow to the floor 182 00:10:00,640 --> 00:10:03,160 Speaker 1: and hit himself on the way down, or maybe he 183 00:10:03,200 --> 00:10:07,000 Speaker 1: would choke on his own vomit, because alcohol alone was 184 00:10:07,080 --> 00:10:10,720 Speaker 1: not doing enough to kill him. And at this point 185 00:10:10,720 --> 00:10:13,679 Speaker 1: there was a brief discussion about ending things quickly by 186 00:10:13,720 --> 00:10:16,640 Speaker 1: simply shooting Mike, but that was dismissed in favor of 187 00:10:17,440 --> 00:10:20,840 Speaker 1: poisoning him. It was decided that they would start serving 188 00:10:20,880 --> 00:10:23,440 Speaker 1: Mike would alcohol to try to kill him. And you 189 00:10:23,480 --> 00:10:27,000 Speaker 1: may remember from our fairly recent episode on Moonshine that 190 00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:30,600 Speaker 1: wood alcohol was widely known to cause people to go blind. 191 00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:32,440 Speaker 1: At this point, it had been one of the problems 192 00:10:32,440 --> 00:10:36,000 Speaker 1: of prohibition was people mixing this in Tens of thousands 193 00:10:36,000 --> 00:10:38,680 Speaker 1: of people had died from drinking alcohol that was tainted 194 00:10:38,800 --> 00:10:42,440 Speaker 1: or impure, so they knew one that like it wasn't 195 00:10:42,480 --> 00:10:45,160 Speaker 1: unusual for people to drink tainted alcohol during this time, 196 00:10:45,200 --> 00:10:49,599 Speaker 1: and to that wood alcohol was very toxic. So bartender 197 00:10:49,640 --> 00:10:52,480 Speaker 1: Red Murphy bought some tins of wood alcohol from a 198 00:10:52,520 --> 00:10:55,280 Speaker 1: paint shop, and after serving Mike Malloy a couple of 199 00:10:55,280 --> 00:10:58,320 Speaker 1: shots of whiskey, he switched over to pouring from the 200 00:10:58,360 --> 00:11:01,680 Speaker 1: wood alcohol. Tins. Mike drank them down with a smile, 201 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:04,800 Speaker 1: and he never indicated that he noticed anything was amiss. 202 00:11:06,559 --> 00:11:11,080 Speaker 1: And perhaps more surprising, Mike never showed any physical signs 203 00:11:11,120 --> 00:11:14,719 Speaker 1: of poisoning. He certainly was still alive, returning to the 204 00:11:14,760 --> 00:11:17,840 Speaker 1: speakeasy day after day for more drinks, and he was 205 00:11:17,880 --> 00:11:21,880 Speaker 1: being served more and more wood alcohol, and then one evening, 206 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:24,960 Speaker 1: after several days of this, he abruptly fell to the floor. 207 00:11:25,320 --> 00:11:28,800 Speaker 1: This murder trust thought they had finally managed it. Surely 208 00:11:28,960 --> 00:11:33,040 Speaker 1: this was Mike finally dying. Pascual felt for a pulse, though, 209 00:11:33,120 --> 00:11:37,640 Speaker 1: and Mike was still alive. His breathing had slowed down considerably, though, 210 00:11:37,679 --> 00:11:40,800 Speaker 1: so the man waited, thinking that they were just watching 211 00:11:40,880 --> 00:11:44,400 Speaker 1: Mike Malloy's last moments on earth. They thought they heard 212 00:11:44,400 --> 00:11:46,480 Speaker 1: a death rattle, but in this case it was a long, 213 00:11:46,760 --> 00:11:51,559 Speaker 1: slow inhale, But what followed was a loud snore than 214 00:11:51,640 --> 00:11:55,440 Speaker 1: more snoring. Mike was asleep, not dead, and he woke 215 00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: up several hours later, ready for another round. And at 216 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:04,680 Speaker 1: this point the conspirators started brainstorming other murder methods. Violence 217 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:07,720 Speaker 1: was once again brought to the table, but voted down 218 00:12:08,000 --> 00:12:11,040 Speaker 1: in favor of let's try some more poisoning of a 219 00:12:11,040 --> 00:12:13,920 Speaker 1: different type. So this time they decided that they were 220 00:12:13,960 --> 00:12:17,280 Speaker 1: going to soak oysters in denatured alcohol and then serve 221 00:12:17,400 --> 00:12:20,960 Speaker 1: those two Mike, which they did, and for his part, 222 00:12:21,280 --> 00:12:23,960 Speaker 1: Mike seemed to quite enjoy his meal, and he washed 223 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:26,559 Speaker 1: it down with a drink which was more wood alcohol. 224 00:12:27,440 --> 00:12:31,280 Speaker 1: The next horrifying step taken by a now very determined 225 00:12:31,440 --> 00:12:35,760 Speaker 1: murder trust was once again based around food. This time 226 00:12:35,920 --> 00:12:39,720 Speaker 1: it was uh worse than even the other awful things 227 00:12:39,720 --> 00:12:42,440 Speaker 1: they had already tried. They made him a sandwich, but 228 00:12:42,559 --> 00:12:45,640 Speaker 1: on this sandwich were what rotten sardines, mixed with pieces 229 00:12:45,679 --> 00:12:51,120 Speaker 1: of metal and, according to some accounts, also glass. So 230 00:12:51,160 --> 00:12:54,080 Speaker 1: the results of this are almost comedic, despite the fact 231 00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:57,280 Speaker 1: that the entire business had gone beyond cruelty at this 232 00:12:57,360 --> 00:13:01,880 Speaker 1: point to become this sort of twisted and grim group determination. 233 00:13:02,840 --> 00:13:06,640 Speaker 1: Mike ate this sandwich that they served him while the men, 234 00:13:06,880 --> 00:13:09,000 Speaker 1: these men trying to kill him, waited and they watched. 235 00:13:09,760 --> 00:13:12,080 Speaker 1: But Mike loved it so much that he asked if 236 00:13:12,080 --> 00:13:14,840 Speaker 1: they would make him another. But all this poison and 237 00:13:15,000 --> 00:13:18,360 Speaker 1: foreign material, while it logically must have been having some 238 00:13:18,440 --> 00:13:22,000 Speaker 1: kind of effect on his body, did not appear appear 239 00:13:22,080 --> 00:13:24,480 Speaker 1: to be killing Mike in any sort of a media way, 240 00:13:25,000 --> 00:13:27,199 Speaker 1: and that was really infuriating to the men who were 241 00:13:27,240 --> 00:13:30,480 Speaker 1: trying so hard to kill him. Additionally, the cost of 242 00:13:30,520 --> 00:13:33,480 Speaker 1: their plot was really starting to add up. They were 243 00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:37,200 Speaker 1: paying all these monthly insurance premiums, they were giving him 244 00:13:37,240 --> 00:13:40,760 Speaker 1: loads of free alcohol, they were buying the ingredients to 245 00:13:40,880 --> 00:13:46,400 Speaker 1: try various other ways to poison him. Plus more conspirators 246 00:13:46,400 --> 00:13:48,840 Speaker 1: had had to come on board in small ways throughout 247 00:13:48,840 --> 00:13:52,040 Speaker 1: this plan, and they all needed other smaller payouts for 248 00:13:52,120 --> 00:13:54,320 Speaker 1: their parts of the deal to keep their mouths shut. 249 00:13:56,200 --> 00:13:58,120 Speaker 1: And it was the middle of winter at this point, 250 00:13:58,320 --> 00:14:03,560 Speaker 1: so forrustrated that previous attempts had not worked out, Marino 251 00:14:03,679 --> 00:14:06,640 Speaker 1: thought maybe the freezing approach might work. It had, remember, 252 00:14:07,160 --> 00:14:11,120 Speaker 1: killed his previous victim. So after getting Mike blackout drunk 253 00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:14,720 Speaker 1: once again, the men drove him to Katona Park, carried 254 00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:17,679 Speaker 1: him through the snow to a park bench. They removed 255 00:14:17,679 --> 00:14:19,880 Speaker 1: his shirt, and they dumped water on him as he 256 00:14:19,960 --> 00:14:22,480 Speaker 1: lay there unconscious, and then they basically just left him 257 00:14:22,480 --> 00:14:25,320 Speaker 1: to die in the cold night air. He came back 258 00:14:25,360 --> 00:14:28,480 Speaker 1: to the bar the next day. He had crawled back 259 00:14:28,520 --> 00:14:32,240 Speaker 1: through the harsh winter weather approximately half a mile Murphy 260 00:14:32,240 --> 00:14:34,200 Speaker 1: had let him in and he slept the rest of 261 00:14:34,240 --> 00:14:37,560 Speaker 1: the night there. So because he had survived all of 262 00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:41,600 Speaker 1: this horrible cruelty up to this point, Mike's resilience was 263 00:14:41,720 --> 00:14:44,480 Speaker 1: now prompting these killers to go ahead with a more 264 00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:48,920 Speaker 1: violent approach. But instead of shooting the homeless man, they 265 00:14:48,960 --> 00:14:52,240 Speaker 1: decided that they should run him over. So they brought 266 00:14:52,240 --> 00:14:55,359 Speaker 1: in a cab driver named Harry Green into their conspiracy, 267 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:58,160 Speaker 1: and Green was willing to do this job for a 268 00:14:58,240 --> 00:15:01,480 Speaker 1: hundred and fifty dollars worth of the insurance money. The 269 00:15:01,520 --> 00:15:04,360 Speaker 1: men all rode with the unconscious Mike and the cab 270 00:15:04,480 --> 00:15:07,480 Speaker 1: to a spot away from the speakeasy. Then, as they 271 00:15:07,480 --> 00:15:10,560 Speaker 1: were propping him up, meaning for Harry Green to make 272 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:13,040 Speaker 1: a final run at him, they panicked when they saw 273 00:15:13,080 --> 00:15:15,760 Speaker 1: a flash of light. They thought somebody had caught them 274 00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:19,240 Speaker 1: in the middle of their villainous efforts. After they determined 275 00:15:19,280 --> 00:15:21,760 Speaker 1: that the light was merely somebody turning on a light 276 00:15:21,800 --> 00:15:26,320 Speaker 1: in their home, they stealed themselves to try again, and 277 00:15:26,440 --> 00:15:29,520 Speaker 1: this time the cab made contact. Mike's body hit the 278 00:15:29,560 --> 00:15:32,000 Speaker 1: hood of the car and then fell to the ground 279 00:15:32,000 --> 00:15:36,760 Speaker 1: as the car passed over him, and then Green backed 280 00:15:36,840 --> 00:15:39,320 Speaker 1: up over Mike malloy to ensure that he held up 281 00:15:39,360 --> 00:15:42,240 Speaker 1: his end of the deal, and the men left the scene. 282 00:15:43,320 --> 00:15:47,400 Speaker 1: The next day, Bartender Murphy made calls to local hospitals 283 00:15:47,400 --> 00:15:49,560 Speaker 1: and morgues, posing as a man trying to find a 284 00:15:49,640 --> 00:15:52,880 Speaker 1: missing sibling to see if any John Doe had been 285 00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:56,280 Speaker 1: brought in, but no accident fatalities were known of that 286 00:15:56,360 --> 00:15:59,720 Speaker 1: any of the places he phoned. These men were completely 287 00:15:59,800 --> 00:16:03,040 Speaker 1: be fuddled until five days later when Mike walked back 288 00:16:03,040 --> 00:16:06,000 Speaker 1: into the speakeasy. He had woken up in the hospital. 289 00:16:06,440 --> 00:16:08,480 Speaker 1: He had been found in the street and brought in 290 00:16:08,520 --> 00:16:11,240 Speaker 1: by a couple of concerned cops. He did not have 291 00:16:11,280 --> 00:16:14,080 Speaker 1: any recollection of what had really happened to him, although 292 00:16:14,120 --> 00:16:17,400 Speaker 1: he did remember cold night air and bright lights. He 293 00:16:17,560 --> 00:16:21,640 Speaker 1: was definitely injured, but he was very much alive. And 294 00:16:22,720 --> 00:16:25,360 Speaker 1: good question is whether the hospital noticed anything wrong with 295 00:16:25,480 --> 00:16:28,640 Speaker 1: him after all of this intense drinking and eating of 296 00:16:28,720 --> 00:16:33,920 Speaker 1: things like metal. Yeah, he was treated for some bone fractures, uh, 297 00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:35,880 Speaker 1: And I read in one account, but I wasn't able 298 00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:38,760 Speaker 1: to verify it that he had fractured his skull. But 299 00:16:38,840 --> 00:16:44,480 Speaker 1: apparently they did not uh make any discoveries about say, 300 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:49,320 Speaker 1: a bunch of metal in his gut um. So finally 301 00:16:50,320 --> 00:16:54,360 Speaker 1: a cheap tenement room was rented by the men, and 302 00:16:54,440 --> 00:16:58,720 Speaker 1: once again the gang got Mike blackout drunk, and they 303 00:16:58,760 --> 00:17:01,040 Speaker 1: carried him to this room, which several blocks away from 304 00:17:01,040 --> 00:17:04,000 Speaker 1: the speakeasy, and they ran a rubber tube from a 305 00:17:04,040 --> 00:17:07,359 Speaker 1: gas light fixture into his mouth, which was secured in 306 00:17:07,400 --> 00:17:09,840 Speaker 1: place with a towel that they tied around his face. 307 00:17:10,840 --> 00:17:15,840 Speaker 1: That is where Mike finally died on February, and had 308 00:17:15,880 --> 00:17:19,399 Speaker 1: taken seven months from the point where the conspirators had 309 00:17:19,480 --> 00:17:22,480 Speaker 1: first conceived of their plot to kill him. Although most 310 00:17:22,520 --> 00:17:25,240 Speaker 1: of those months were spent putting together the insurance paperwork, 311 00:17:25,840 --> 00:17:28,439 Speaker 1: there were about two that were focused on actually trying 312 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:34,040 Speaker 1: to murder him. A shady doctor named Manzella, which was 313 00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:38,000 Speaker 1: somebody that Frankie Pasqua knew, filed the death certificate and 314 00:17:38,040 --> 00:17:41,000 Speaker 1: it listed lobar pneumonia, which is acute inflammation of the 315 00:17:41,000 --> 00:17:45,040 Speaker 1: pulmonary lobe, as the cause of death. Mike malloy was 316 00:17:45,080 --> 00:17:48,959 Speaker 1: buried in a pauper's grave in Ferncliff Cemetery in Westchester County, 317 00:17:49,119 --> 00:17:52,639 Speaker 1: all of which was arranged by Pasqual. On March, First 318 00:17:52,840 --> 00:17:56,600 Speaker 1: Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and issued a payout check in 319 00:17:56,640 --> 00:17:58,800 Speaker 1: the amount of eight hundred dollars on the policy that 320 00:17:58,880 --> 00:18:01,760 Speaker 1: had been fraudulently taken out with them. At check was 321 00:18:01,760 --> 00:18:05,520 Speaker 1: issued to Joseph Murphy. The bartender kept sixty dollars, and 322 00:18:05,560 --> 00:18:07,760 Speaker 1: then he gave the rest to the undertaker, who then 323 00:18:07,800 --> 00:18:10,639 Speaker 1: gave a hundred and fifty dollars to Marino and a 324 00:18:10,680 --> 00:18:14,160 Speaker 1: hundred and fifteen dollars each to Green and Creesburg. This 325 00:18:14,240 --> 00:18:16,840 Speaker 1: was the only payoff that actually ever came of this 326 00:18:16,880 --> 00:18:22,040 Speaker 1: whole horrible intrigue. Yeah, when Frankie Pasqual attempted to collect 327 00:18:22,040 --> 00:18:25,119 Speaker 1: the other two policies that they had put together with Prudential, 328 00:18:27,000 --> 00:18:30,520 Speaker 1: that insurance agent asked to see the body, and Pasqua 329 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:32,960 Speaker 1: told him that he could not because the deceased had 330 00:18:33,000 --> 00:18:37,720 Speaker 1: already been buried. His inability to produce an actual body 331 00:18:37,760 --> 00:18:42,520 Speaker 1: for the Prudential Prudential insurance agents raised some eyebrows. That 332 00:18:42,640 --> 00:18:44,399 Speaker 1: was coupled with the fact that a whole lot of 333 00:18:44,440 --> 00:18:46,840 Speaker 1: people were involved with this scheme at this point, and 334 00:18:46,960 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 1: tongue started wagging about the unbelievable story, and that set 335 00:18:51,080 --> 00:18:53,879 Speaker 1: the wheels in motion for the murder trusts and doing. 336 00:18:54,920 --> 00:18:58,280 Speaker 1: Before we get to this investigation, let's pause and have 337 00:18:58,359 --> 00:19:02,720 Speaker 1: a word from a sponsor. So, as we mentioned before 338 00:19:02,720 --> 00:19:06,480 Speaker 1: the break uh, there were definitely people talking about the 339 00:19:06,520 --> 00:19:09,960 Speaker 1: long drawn out process of Mike's death, and it's possible 340 00:19:10,000 --> 00:19:11,960 Speaker 1: that that prudential agent who wanted to see a body 341 00:19:12,040 --> 00:19:15,600 Speaker 1: was a little suspicious of this situation as well. And 342 00:19:15,640 --> 00:19:19,359 Speaker 1: eventually someone put in a tip to District Attorney Samuel J. 343 00:19:19,520 --> 00:19:23,480 Speaker 1: Foley that foul play was involved and an investigation was open. 344 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:27,840 Speaker 1: In May three, on Folly's orders, Mike Malloyd's body was 345 00:19:27,880 --> 00:19:31,760 Speaker 1: exhumed and an autopsy was performed on it. This autopsy 346 00:19:31,840 --> 00:19:34,640 Speaker 1: showed that he had been asphyxiated with gas. He did 347 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,920 Speaker 1: not die of pneumonia, and once the results of the 348 00:19:38,960 --> 00:19:43,760 Speaker 1: autopsy were in Pasqua, Marino, Kriesburg, Murphy, and Green were 349 00:19:43,840 --> 00:19:47,239 Speaker 1: all arrested and charged with murder. Dr Manzella, the one 350 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:49,959 Speaker 1: who had written the false death certificate, was charged as 351 00:19:49,960 --> 00:19:53,600 Speaker 1: an accessory after the fact. According to Folly's case against 352 00:19:53,640 --> 00:19:56,040 Speaker 1: the murder Trust, not only did the men commit this 353 00:19:56,080 --> 00:19:58,639 Speaker 1: horrible crime, but in the period between when they ran 354 00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:02,840 Speaker 1: Malloy over the time when he reappeared in a desperate 355 00:20:02,880 --> 00:20:06,280 Speaker 1: bid to produce some deceased person. So they could collect 356 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:10,760 Speaker 1: on their policies. They also tried to murder another homeless person, 357 00:20:10,920 --> 00:20:14,040 Speaker 1: but they abandoned that effort when they were spotted by 358 00:20:14,080 --> 00:20:17,560 Speaker 1: a witness. All of the accused men were found guilty 359 00:20:17,600 --> 00:20:20,639 Speaker 1: when the jury reached their verdict in October of nineteen 360 00:20:20,680 --> 00:20:25,639 Speaker 1: thirty three. On June eighth, four, Frankie Pasqual, Tony Marino, 361 00:20:25,720 --> 00:20:28,360 Speaker 1: and Daniel Creuzberg were all put to death by electrocution 362 00:20:28,400 --> 00:20:31,840 Speaker 1: at the Sing Sing Correctional Facility in New York. According 363 00:20:31,840 --> 00:20:34,879 Speaker 1: to an account of the electrocutions printed in The Reading Eagle, 364 00:20:35,320 --> 00:20:38,520 Speaker 1: Pascal was frightened as he marched to the chair, Marino 365 00:20:38,640 --> 00:20:41,680 Speaker 1: was smiling, and Creuzberg claimed he was all right when 366 00:20:41,720 --> 00:20:44,800 Speaker 1: asked how he felt, but he was obviously trembling. The 367 00:20:44,880 --> 00:20:47,560 Speaker 1: day that Pascua, Marino, and Creesburg were put to death, 368 00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:51,239 Speaker 1: Joseph Red Murphy, the bartender at Marino's, was given a 369 00:20:51,240 --> 00:20:54,959 Speaker 1: two weeks stay of execution. His lawyers claimed that they 370 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:57,560 Speaker 1: had new evidence proving that Murphy's mental state was such 371 00:20:57,640 --> 00:20:59,880 Speaker 1: that he could not be held accountable for his part 372 00:21:00,000 --> 00:21:03,080 Speaker 1: in the murder plot. He had, according to their statement, 373 00:21:03,160 --> 00:21:06,159 Speaker 1: been in a home for quote defectives prior to the 374 00:21:06,160 --> 00:21:08,760 Speaker 1: events that led to Mike Malloy's murder, and he could 375 00:21:08,800 --> 00:21:10,960 Speaker 1: not have comprehended what he was taking part in. But 376 00:21:11,560 --> 00:21:13,879 Speaker 1: despite all of this work on the part of his 377 00:21:13,960 --> 00:21:18,680 Speaker 1: legal team, Joseph Murphy was put to death the following month. Green, 378 00:21:18,840 --> 00:21:21,879 Speaker 1: the taxi driver who ran Mike Malloy over, and Manzella, 379 00:21:21,960 --> 00:21:24,960 Speaker 1: the doctor who falsified the death certificate, we're both sent 380 00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:29,159 Speaker 1: to prison for their parts in the crime. So that 381 00:21:29,280 --> 00:21:31,920 Speaker 1: is the unfortunate and ghastly story. I know we're past 382 00:21:31,960 --> 00:21:37,160 Speaker 1: Halloween story. I know I have that sort of weird 383 00:21:37,200 --> 00:21:40,400 Speaker 1: taste for them a cob, but it's also just so 384 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:44,720 Speaker 1: it really does kind of boggle your mind when you 385 00:21:44,760 --> 00:21:47,439 Speaker 1: think about. For me, it's the two pronged angle of like, 386 00:21:47,640 --> 00:21:53,520 Speaker 1: just how incredibly horrifyingly callous can people be, Like, this 387 00:21:53,560 --> 00:21:55,679 Speaker 1: is a human being, but to then they just treated 388 00:21:55,680 --> 00:21:58,520 Speaker 1: it like a problem to be solved in whatever grizzly 389 00:21:58,560 --> 00:22:01,440 Speaker 1: way they could come up with. And too, just from 390 00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:05,879 Speaker 1: a scientific standpoint, I wish we knew more about like 391 00:22:05,960 --> 00:22:10,400 Speaker 1: why this one human seemed able to withstand an incredible 392 00:22:10,440 --> 00:22:15,600 Speaker 1: amount of things that should have done him in. Yeah, 393 00:22:15,920 --> 00:22:18,879 Speaker 1: So it's fascinating in both of those lights for me. 394 00:22:19,040 --> 00:22:24,400 Speaker 1: I actually do know a person who who died of 395 00:22:24,400 --> 00:22:27,359 Speaker 1: of alcoholism, and it was definitely not like the long 396 00:22:27,440 --> 00:22:29,840 Speaker 1: drawn out story of Mike Malloy. It was a he 397 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:35,040 Speaker 1: was otherwise relatively young and healthy and had an alcohol 398 00:22:35,119 --> 00:22:39,879 Speaker 1: problem and went way too far one night and died. 399 00:22:40,520 --> 00:22:43,960 Speaker 1: So like it also speaks to you how critically dangerous 400 00:22:44,040 --> 00:22:48,520 Speaker 1: alcoholism can be. Yeah, and it's one of those things. 401 00:22:48,560 --> 00:22:51,840 Speaker 1: I mean, like I said, it's just there's such callousness 402 00:22:51,840 --> 00:22:53,960 Speaker 1: at play, and I think it's easy for people to 403 00:22:54,040 --> 00:22:56,399 Speaker 1: write off somebody who has maybe been a little bit 404 00:22:56,480 --> 00:22:58,200 Speaker 1: kicked around by life and it is maybe not in 405 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:03,639 Speaker 1: the best state. But it completely weirds me out and 406 00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:06,760 Speaker 1: unsettles me that that people and I know this is 407 00:23:06,800 --> 00:23:09,159 Speaker 1: not exclusive to this case, that people that are in 408 00:23:09,200 --> 00:23:12,080 Speaker 1: those situations are often written off as almost non people 409 00:23:12,119 --> 00:23:15,639 Speaker 1: at that point, and so it's something that I wanted 410 00:23:15,680 --> 00:23:18,040 Speaker 1: to talk about for that reason as well. Do you 411 00:23:18,119 --> 00:23:22,480 Speaker 1: possibly have some more cheery listener mail? My listener mail 412 00:23:22,600 --> 00:23:26,840 Speaker 1: is show cheery because I knew this was a rough one. Uh, 413 00:23:27,200 --> 00:23:30,280 Speaker 1: it's actually a series of listener mails. It's postcards. First 414 00:23:30,320 --> 00:23:33,000 Speaker 1: of all, um, I know I posted one of these 415 00:23:33,040 --> 00:23:35,000 Speaker 1: on Instagram. I don't think we've actually talked about it 416 00:23:35,040 --> 00:23:37,520 Speaker 1: on the show though, but our listener Jennifer has been 417 00:23:37,560 --> 00:23:41,240 Speaker 1: traveling around Europe and she has been sending us the 418 00:23:41,320 --> 00:23:47,240 Speaker 1: best postcards from her many travels. She is uh has 419 00:23:47,240 --> 00:23:49,400 Speaker 1: been traveling with her dad. She sent us one from 420 00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:52,280 Speaker 1: Rome which features the cats of Rome. Like I said, 421 00:23:52,320 --> 00:23:53,960 Speaker 1: that one is on our Instagram. She sent us a 422 00:23:54,000 --> 00:23:57,119 Speaker 1: beautiful one of the Bio Tapestry. She sent us a 423 00:23:57,160 --> 00:24:01,560 Speaker 1: beautiful picture from Paris UH the Eiffel Tower, and she 424 00:24:01,680 --> 00:24:04,160 Speaker 1: sent us a lovely one of the Lamo Sa Michev, 425 00:24:04,520 --> 00:24:07,760 Speaker 1: which is cold but worth a visit. According to her, Jennifer, 426 00:24:07,800 --> 00:24:09,840 Speaker 1: this has been so delightful. I feel like we've been 427 00:24:09,840 --> 00:24:11,840 Speaker 1: going on this trip with you and it's super fun 428 00:24:11,880 --> 00:24:14,520 Speaker 1: for us. I know I took I snapped a picture 429 00:24:14,560 --> 00:24:16,240 Speaker 1: of these other three that I mentioned, and I will 430 00:24:16,280 --> 00:24:18,840 Speaker 1: put that on our Instagram as well. Uh. And also 431 00:24:18,880 --> 00:24:21,879 Speaker 1: we have another one from our listener Lane and it 432 00:24:22,040 --> 00:24:24,600 Speaker 1: is a postcard of the Book of Kells and I 433 00:24:24,640 --> 00:24:27,320 Speaker 1: will actually read hers because she notes how much we 434 00:24:27,400 --> 00:24:29,760 Speaker 1: like postcards. She says, thanks for your hard work on 435 00:24:29,800 --> 00:24:31,919 Speaker 1: the podcast. I want to especially thank you for the 436 00:24:32,000 --> 00:24:35,680 Speaker 1: posts on marginalized groups such as queer history. Lane share 437 00:24:35,720 --> 00:24:37,520 Speaker 1: some personal stuff that I'm not going to share because 438 00:24:37,600 --> 00:24:41,280 Speaker 1: that's I didn't check with her first, but loves hearing 439 00:24:41,320 --> 00:24:44,640 Speaker 1: about this and says, every time you too get a postcard, 440 00:24:44,680 --> 00:24:46,679 Speaker 1: you sound so happy. So when my boyfriend and I 441 00:24:46,760 --> 00:24:49,159 Speaker 1: visited Ireland in the UK, I had to get you 442 00:24:49,160 --> 00:24:51,439 Speaker 1: on the book of Kells. I'm sure needs no intro. 443 00:24:51,840 --> 00:24:53,879 Speaker 1: The exhibit was excellent and apart from the lack of 444 00:24:53,880 --> 00:24:56,199 Speaker 1: an elaborate heist to take the book home forever, it 445 00:24:56,280 --> 00:24:58,399 Speaker 1: was everything I could have asked for. Thanks again, I 446 00:24:58,440 --> 00:25:00,480 Speaker 1: love it. It's a beautiful postcard. Thank you so much 447 00:25:00,480 --> 00:25:02,600 Speaker 1: for thinking of us. I'm always so touched that people 448 00:25:02,640 --> 00:25:05,480 Speaker 1: would be having these grand life adventures and they would 449 00:25:05,520 --> 00:25:07,240 Speaker 1: pause for a moment, go you know who I should 450 00:25:07,240 --> 00:25:11,400 Speaker 1: share this with. That's um. That's quite sobering and quite 451 00:25:11,400 --> 00:25:13,439 Speaker 1: an honor to me. So I think you think I 452 00:25:13,520 --> 00:25:15,679 Speaker 1: have a hard time. Remember I like to send my 453 00:25:15,720 --> 00:25:19,280 Speaker 1: parents postcards whenever I travel, and I will get home 454 00:25:19,280 --> 00:25:23,679 Speaker 1: and be like, what so the fact that remind or 455 00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:29,400 Speaker 1: remember to send little less? Yeah, I'm a selfish jerk. 456 00:25:29,400 --> 00:25:30,960 Speaker 1: I don't even think to do it half the time. 457 00:25:31,000 --> 00:25:34,400 Speaker 1: I'm busy having my adventure and being a selfish jerk, 458 00:25:34,520 --> 00:25:37,200 Speaker 1: so thank you for not being selfish jerks. You guys 459 00:25:37,240 --> 00:25:39,160 Speaker 1: are awesome and we love when we get mail from you. 460 00:25:39,640 --> 00:25:42,000 Speaker 1: I always love it because our office manager, Tamika, who 461 00:25:42,000 --> 00:25:44,919 Speaker 1: I adore, will often come over and she'll be holding 462 00:25:44,960 --> 00:25:46,560 Speaker 1: things and like looking at them and be like, you 463 00:25:46,560 --> 00:25:49,159 Speaker 1: guys get the best mail, and I'm like, I know, 464 00:25:49,720 --> 00:25:52,400 Speaker 1: So thank you for making our office of cheerier place 465 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:55,000 Speaker 1: as well. If you would like to write to us, 466 00:25:55,119 --> 00:25:57,800 Speaker 1: you can email us at History Podcast at how stoffworks 467 00:25:57,840 --> 00:26:00,679 Speaker 1: dot com. We're on Facebook at facebook dot com slash 468 00:26:00,680 --> 00:26:04,119 Speaker 1: mist in History, on Twitter at Misston History, at pintry 469 00:26:04,240 --> 00:26:07,080 Speaker 1: dot com slash mist in History, and at Miston History 470 00:26:07,080 --> 00:26:09,679 Speaker 1: dot tumbler dot com. We're also on Instagram, as I 471 00:26:09,720 --> 00:26:12,280 Speaker 1: mentioned at mist in History. If you would like to 472 00:26:12,359 --> 00:26:14,320 Speaker 1: go to our website and do a little bit of 473 00:26:14,320 --> 00:26:17,000 Speaker 1: research sort of related to this episode. If you go 474 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:19,080 Speaker 1: to how stuff works dot com and just type in 475 00:26:19,119 --> 00:26:22,200 Speaker 1: the word murder in the search bar, you will get 476 00:26:22,359 --> 00:26:26,000 Speaker 1: so much content to keep you busy for hours, including 477 00:26:26,280 --> 00:26:29,439 Speaker 1: one about who the first murderer in the United States was. 478 00:26:30,400 --> 00:26:32,400 Speaker 1: And you can also visit us at Miston History dot 479 00:26:32,400 --> 00:26:35,159 Speaker 1: com or we have an entire archive of all the 480 00:26:35,200 --> 00:26:37,480 Speaker 1: shows we've ever worked on and all of the previous 481 00:26:37,480 --> 00:26:39,400 Speaker 1: hosts have worked on, so it's all there for you, 482 00:26:39,760 --> 00:26:42,480 Speaker 1: just free for the taking. And we also have show 483 00:26:42,560 --> 00:26:44,639 Speaker 1: notes there for the ones that Tracy and I have 484 00:26:44,720 --> 00:26:47,800 Speaker 1: worked on, as well as occasionally other goodies. So do 485 00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:49,879 Speaker 1: come and visit us at Misston history dot com and 486 00:26:49,960 --> 00:26:56,320 Speaker 1: how Stuff Works dot com for more on this and 487 00:26:56,440 --> 00:27:02,320 Speaker 1: thousands of other topics works dot com. Do do Do