WEBVTT - SYSK Selects: How Yo-Yos Work 0:00:00.040 --> 0:00:03.240 M Hey there everybody, it's your old friend Josh And 0:00:03.320 --> 0:00:06.680 for this week's s y s k Seles, I've chosen 0:00:07.120 --> 0:00:10.680 the episode on Yo Yo's, which is great. It's like 0:00:10.720 --> 0:00:13.320 a trip around the world on the end of a 0:00:13.440 --> 0:00:16.200 string that draws you right back home at the end, 0:00:16.920 --> 0:00:24.200 which makes it great. So please enjoy. Welcome to Stuff 0:00:24.200 --> 0:00:32.960 you should know from House Stuff Works dot com. Hey, 0:00:33.080 --> 0:00:36.040 welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Carr. There's Charles W. 0:00:36.520 --> 0:00:42.400 Chuck Bryant. That's me, same as ever, scratching the old back. Yeah, 0:00:42.720 --> 0:00:44.599 just got a little itch there. You ever use one 0:00:44.600 --> 0:00:47.000 of those little dealies, the little creepy hand, the little 0:00:47.040 --> 0:00:50.880 monkey pok on the end of the stick I have before. Um, 0:00:51.040 --> 0:00:54.520 I don't like to do that. It hurts. Yeah, I 0:00:54.600 --> 0:00:57.760 guess you could call it. It's a painful sensation. I 0:00:57.840 --> 0:01:01.120 get up against the wall sometimes and do the blue 0:01:01.200 --> 0:01:04.440 the bear. That'll do sometimes too, But it's weird, like 0:01:04.480 --> 0:01:07.520 I only have backaches in about the same place, and 0:01:07.560 --> 0:01:11.440 that would be on my left shoulder blade on the 0:01:11.480 --> 0:01:15.680 western side of it, depending on which direction I'm facing. Curiously, 0:01:15.720 --> 0:01:17.679 this is going to be the most interesting part of 0:01:17.760 --> 0:01:21.440 this show that is not a treat Chuck Man, So Chuck, Yes, 0:01:21.760 --> 0:01:23.679 this is going to be a great one. Okay. I 0:01:23.720 --> 0:01:25.160 have a feeling this canna be one of those ones 0:01:25.200 --> 0:01:27.319 where it's like, wow, that turned out to be really good. 0:01:27.640 --> 0:01:30.880 It's physics heavy out the Yeah, everyone loves that. But 0:01:31.000 --> 0:01:33.280 the fact is, when we finished this, you're gonna know 0:01:33.319 --> 0:01:37.160 how yo yo works. This is probably the most truly titled, 0:01:37.800 --> 0:01:42.640 truest titled episode well we've ever done. Do you think yep? 0:01:44.200 --> 0:01:46.039 I don't know. All right, well we'll find out. I 0:01:46.040 --> 0:01:48.720 think it should be called Physics through the Eye of 0:01:48.760 --> 0:01:52.280 a yo yo. So listen, have you ever seen the 0:01:52.320 --> 0:01:57.240 movie Harlem Nights? Uh parts dude? That is go back 0:01:57.280 --> 0:02:00.360 and watch it again, like, oh, you're crazy. It's one 0:02:00.360 --> 0:02:04.360 of the best movies ever. Eddie Murphy, Red Fox, Richard Pryor, 0:02:05.080 --> 0:02:07.320 and like everybody else in it too. I think Bernie 0:02:07.320 --> 0:02:10.480 Max in there terrible script. I don't think the script 0:02:10.520 --> 0:02:13.160 is terrible. I thought it was great. Um. There's one 0:02:13.160 --> 0:02:15.959 thing about that movie that bugged me to know it. 0:02:15.960 --> 0:02:19.680 It's setting like the twenties, right, and throughout the movie, 0:02:19.800 --> 0:02:23.320 Eddie Murphy uses the word yo yo was obviously a 0:02:23.320 --> 0:02:26.359 modern term, and it just sticks out like a sore thumb. 0:02:26.440 --> 0:02:28.600 Every time he does it drives me crazy, Like it 0:02:28.680 --> 0:02:30.520 drives me crazy that he did. It drives me crazy 0:02:30.560 --> 0:02:33.080 that the director wasn't like, you can't say yo. This 0:02:33.160 --> 0:02:36.000 is like nineteen twenties New York. Yo wasn't around. I 0:02:36.040 --> 0:02:38.560 don't know that they were going for a historical accuracy 0:02:38.560 --> 0:02:43.240 in that one. They were wearing spats, so um Jerry 0:02:43.320 --> 0:02:45.840 like that one. So I went back to the little 0:02:45.840 --> 0:02:47.840 digging Chuck and it turns out that yo was in 0:02:47.960 --> 0:02:51.440 fact around in the nineteen twenties. But Eddie Murphy was 0:02:51.480 --> 0:02:54.200 still wrong for using it in that capacity. Okay, so 0:02:54.520 --> 0:02:57.919 um Yo goes back at least to like the fifteenth 0:02:57.960 --> 0:03:01.440 century as like a hunting cry, right when somebody was 0:03:01.480 --> 0:03:06.520 like somebody else might go yo, and you go chase 0:03:06.600 --> 0:03:10.480 fox um. That was kind of the first wave of 0:03:10.560 --> 0:03:14.640 yo um. As far back as eighteen fifty nine, we 0:03:14.800 --> 0:03:18.200 know that there were sailors that were using it yo 0:03:18.240 --> 0:03:21.720 ho Yo Ho ho, or also um. It was a 0:03:22.960 --> 0:03:27.760 response for roll call like yo, like somebody called your name, 0:03:27.760 --> 0:03:31.600 you would say yo. It wasn't until after World War Two, though, 0:03:31.919 --> 0:03:35.120 that the modern incarnation comes and it came out of 0:03:35.240 --> 0:03:40.520 the Italian quarters of Philadelphia, So that's where they think 0:03:40.560 --> 0:03:44.200 yo came from after World War Two. Hence Eddie Murphy 0:03:44.640 --> 0:03:48.960 was wrong in using yo especially frequently in the movie 0:03:49.280 --> 0:03:53.200 Harlem Nights. So I did all that research, or I 0:03:53.280 --> 0:03:59.320 could have just looked into Google Translate from English too uh, 0:03:59.440 --> 0:04:03.240 Filippine uh, or vice versa and find that it just 0:04:03.320 --> 0:04:05.760 means come. Yeah, but I don't think that's what it 0:04:05.760 --> 0:04:09.160 means here, does it? It does now? So the word 0:04:09.240 --> 0:04:12.720 yo yo, as it stands right means come, come or 0:04:12.800 --> 0:04:15.240 come back. Yeah, that makes sense. Did you know that 0:04:15.680 --> 0:04:18.840 I did? You want to talk a little bit about 0:04:18.839 --> 0:04:21.040 the history of yo yos? Did you know before reading 0:04:21.080 --> 0:04:26.479 this fantastic article that yo yo's originated, as we understand 0:04:26.520 --> 0:04:29.359 them now, originated in the Philippines in the nineteen twenties. 0:04:30.320 --> 0:04:32.200 I didn't know that. I did know that it was 0:04:32.440 --> 0:04:35.160 around for a long time before that, though, And you know, 0:04:35.320 --> 0:04:38.920 other forms, well, pretty much the same form. There were 0:04:38.960 --> 0:04:42.200 like two forms of yo yo's in history, and one 0:04:42.240 --> 0:04:44.120 came out of the new one came out of the Philippines. 0:04:44.279 --> 0:04:47.720 The other one. Yeah, it's pretty old, well, ancient Chinese 0:04:48.120 --> 0:04:52.880 or at least ancient Greeks more years ago. But they 0:04:52.880 --> 0:04:55.600 think the Chinese had something similar to that. Yeah, I'm 0:04:55.640 --> 0:04:58.640 starting to strongly suspect that the Chinese or the origin 0:04:58.880 --> 0:05:03.200 of human civili They think, yeah, they came up with beer. Yeah, 0:05:03.520 --> 0:05:06.400 well they came up with beer. You have it. They 0:05:06.440 --> 0:05:09.000 went right there. Uh. And it is the oldest toy 0:05:09.080 --> 0:05:11.760 on the planet except the doll, the dolly. I thought 0:05:11.800 --> 0:05:15.000 that was pretty interesting too. Yeah, yeah, of course, although 0:05:15.040 --> 0:05:17.080 I wonder if they're kind of diminishing any kind of 0:05:17.120 --> 0:05:19.800 ancient rituals or rights by saying, like, look at this 0:05:19.920 --> 0:05:22.320 cute doll when really it's you know, some sort of 0:05:22.360 --> 0:05:26.680 fetish m hmm. I don't know. You never know. So 0:05:26.760 --> 0:05:29.320 it's been around a long time. They've designed it in 0:05:29.440 --> 0:05:33.400 different ways over the years. Uh. The original design was 0:05:34.080 --> 0:05:38.600 had the the string tied tight to the little axis there. 0:05:38.760 --> 0:05:41.200 We'll call it the Greek design, the Greek design. Now 0:05:41.200 --> 0:05:44.800 we'll call it the Chinese design or the European design. Well, 0:05:44.920 --> 0:05:48.440 not designed, but it was popular in Europe. And that obviously, 0:05:48.640 --> 0:05:50.880 if if you ever used an old yo yo like that, 0:05:51.560 --> 0:05:53.920 or redesign yours to where it's tied around the axle, 0:05:54.000 --> 0:05:56.680 it'll pop up, you know, as soon as you throw 0:05:56.720 --> 0:05:59.240 it down, it'll pop back up. Yeah, because it's tied 0:05:59.279 --> 0:06:02.600 to the axle. Exactly right. Um, and you said it 0:06:02.640 --> 0:06:04.960 was popular in Europe. There were other words for other 0:06:05.080 --> 0:06:08.280 names for the yo yo before it was a yo yo. 0:06:08.400 --> 0:06:13.720 That's right. There was the lemigrette, the bendalora. The bendalora 0:06:13.800 --> 0:06:16.720 was British, I believe the quiz. Yeah, I don't. I 0:06:16.720 --> 0:06:19.560 didn't get a country of origin for that, but it 0:06:19.680 --> 0:06:21.800 was very popular in Europe. There's a painting of I 0:06:21.839 --> 0:06:25.920 think Louis is he the boy King? I don't know 0:06:25.960 --> 0:06:28.280 whichever Louis was the boy King of him holding like 0:06:28.320 --> 0:06:30.919 a yo yo, like a royal painting of him with 0:06:30.960 --> 0:06:33.239 a yo yo? Or the what was a little hoop 0:06:33.240 --> 0:06:35.440 on in a stick? I think that's what it was called. 0:06:35.520 --> 0:06:37.239 That was an awesome game, the hoop on a stick? 0:06:37.880 --> 0:06:42.360 Who uh? And then, um, I don't think you can 0:06:42.400 --> 0:06:44.880 compare the yo yo to the hoop on a stick. No, 0:06:44.920 --> 0:06:47.240 I'm not comparing. I'm just saying I just never got 0:06:47.279 --> 0:06:50.520 that toy. Oh okay, Well here's another one for you. 0:06:50.680 --> 0:06:53.960 Napoleon was well known for carrying and using a yo yo, 0:06:54.560 --> 0:06:58.320 apparently for stress relief. Oh yeah, it didn't work too well. 0:06:58.360 --> 0:07:01.320 He was a stressed out dude. He needed the yo yo. 0:07:01.640 --> 0:07:04.800 But as as you said that, that's the the European 0:07:04.880 --> 0:07:08.360 favored or Chinese design, where like the strings tied really 0:07:08.400 --> 0:07:10.120 tight to the axel and it just basically goes up 0:07:10.160 --> 0:07:14.200 and down. Right, So the Filipino design lead to the 0:07:14.280 --> 0:07:17.080 modern yo yo as we understand it now. And the 0:07:17.160 --> 0:07:21.800 huge distinction is that the the string is just looped 0:07:21.840 --> 0:07:25.480 around the axle kind of loosely, which has the added 0:07:25.520 --> 0:07:30.080 benefit of allowing the yo yo itself to spin once 0:07:30.120 --> 0:07:33.520 it reaches the end of the string. Sleep. That's what 0:07:33.600 --> 0:07:36.120 the that's why people yo yo, I think, Yeah, it's 0:07:36.160 --> 0:07:37.720 all about the tricks. I mean, it's sort of fun 0:07:37.800 --> 0:07:40.000 for a minute just to go up and down, but 0:07:40.040 --> 0:07:42.200 it's really all about the tricks. It's just a stress 0:07:42.240 --> 0:07:44.000 reliever if it just goes up and down. Did you 0:07:44.080 --> 0:07:46.440 yo yo when you were a kid? Uh? Yeah? Here there. 0:07:46.640 --> 0:07:48.640 But even as a kid like I could sense that 0:07:48.720 --> 0:07:51.239 like these these new modern ones that we'll talk about 0:07:51.240 --> 0:07:53.800 with like ball bearings and clutches, they just seem like cheating. 0:07:54.720 --> 0:07:58.360 I agree, let's not even talk about them. It's not 0:07:58.360 --> 0:08:00.760 even a real yo yo. So Chuck, you want to 0:08:00.760 --> 0:08:03.800 talk about a little bit about physics. Well, let's finish 0:08:03.880 --> 0:08:06.239 the history for shall we. Okay, well, I have plenty 0:08:06.240 --> 0:08:09.840 of that. Uh. It was originally in the Philippines. They 0:08:09.840 --> 0:08:12.800 think it was a hunting weapon for like four years so, 0:08:13.600 --> 0:08:15.760 but not like a little tiny yo yo. They were 0:08:15.800 --> 0:08:19.280 really big and it was basically a big spindle attached 0:08:19.320 --> 0:08:21.840 to a rope with like spikes coming off of it. 0:08:22.000 --> 0:08:23.720 They were like the size of a ugo. Yeah, and 0:08:23.760 --> 0:08:26.640 I guess the just the benefit there is you could 0:08:26.720 --> 0:08:29.560 get it back after you threw it at somebody. Right. 0:08:29.600 --> 0:08:32.400 The stream was almost just useless though, Well you just 0:08:32.440 --> 0:08:36.240 throw it and run after it. Oh really okay, it 0:08:36.280 --> 0:08:38.800 was actually heavy rope and they use it for hunting 0:08:38.800 --> 0:08:43.000 to right. Well, at some point down the line, well yeah, 0:08:43.000 --> 0:08:45.280 you would think anything used in hunting, you know, does 0:08:45.360 --> 0:08:51.040 double duty and more exactly anything you're trying to kill. Yeah. Um. 0:08:51.480 --> 0:08:54.920 The At some point though, they became smaller and became 0:08:54.960 --> 0:08:59.240 toys and uh. In the twenties, a Filipino immigrant to 0:08:59.240 --> 0:09:02.679 the US named and Drew flores Um started a company, 0:09:02.760 --> 0:09:06.240 the first modern yoyo company in the United States, and 0:09:06.240 --> 0:09:10.040 did pretty well for himself. Uh. And then sold out 0:09:10.040 --> 0:09:14.400 to a man named Duncan, Right, Donald Duncan, Yes, Donald Ducan, 0:09:15.280 --> 0:09:19.719 and uh Duncan Duncan and uh, you know Flores's in 0:09:19.760 --> 0:09:21.920 Santa Barbara and like you said, was selling these things 0:09:21.920 --> 0:09:25.080 like hotcakes enough that Duncan said, hey, let me buy that. 0:09:26.080 --> 0:09:28.959 I'm gonna keep the name yo yo because it's catchy. 0:09:29.200 --> 0:09:32.840 I'm gonna trade market and now I own it. And uh. 0:09:32.880 --> 0:09:36.120 Through the years he had competitors that made similar devices 0:09:36.200 --> 0:09:40.200 with different names, and they were like, dude, everyone's calling 0:09:40.240 --> 0:09:42.240 the sing of yo yo. We want to be able 0:09:42.280 --> 0:09:44.000 to call it a yo yo two. And he said, no, no, 0:09:44.120 --> 0:09:47.840 I own it. Then the federal courts in Nive says, 0:09:48.000 --> 0:09:50.600 you know what, that's generic enough now where you don't 0:09:50.600 --> 0:09:53.560 own it any longer. They're all yo yo's. Well, what 0:09:53.840 --> 0:09:57.200 there's legal challenges to their trademark. The name yo yo 0:09:57.600 --> 0:10:00.320 um was one of the things that bled the company dry. 0:10:00.480 --> 0:10:04.880 It eventually went bankrupt. Duncan, the Duncan company went bankrupt 0:10:04.760 --> 0:10:07.200 in the same year. They ruled yeah against them. They 0:10:07.200 --> 0:10:09.000 were like, well, that's it for us, But they also 0:10:09.040 --> 0:10:11.840 had other money troubles. They was they were actually victims 0:10:11.840 --> 0:10:14.480 of their own success the Duncan company was, so they 0:10:14.520 --> 0:10:17.840 moved um in the forties to luck Wisconsin, which very 0:10:17.920 --> 0:10:20.240 quickly became known as the yo yo capital of the world. 0:10:20.840 --> 0:10:24.079 And at their peak they were making thirty six hundred 0:10:24.160 --> 0:10:27.640 yoyos an hour, mostly out of would at first maple 0:10:27.800 --> 0:10:30.320 they were using a million board feet of maple wood 0:10:30.720 --> 0:10:35.320 every year. Yeah. And they actually, in addition to their 0:10:35.400 --> 0:10:40.200 legal challenges like the money going to fight their legal battles, um, 0:10:40.240 --> 0:10:45.160 they were paying tons of money in overtime to advertising. UM. 0:10:45.400 --> 0:10:48.320 And as a matter of fact, I think in nineteen 0:10:48.400 --> 0:10:52.600 sixty two, Chuck, they managed to sell forty five million 0:10:52.679 --> 0:10:55.240 yo yos and in that same year there were only 0:10:55.280 --> 0:10:59.199 forty million kids in the US. That's pretty astounding. The 0:10:59.280 --> 0:11:02.319 chicken in every in a yo yo and every exact 0:11:02.400 --> 0:11:06.480 other hand at least sure unless I guess some kids 0:11:06.520 --> 0:11:09.560 were yoyo with both hands up. They're rich kids. Um. 0:11:09.640 --> 0:11:12.200 But like I said, they they the company ended up 0:11:12.200 --> 0:11:15.800 coming bankrupt anyway, but yo yo enthusiasts still look very 0:11:15.800 --> 0:11:20.800 fondly on the Duncan name. And UM. I think June sixth, Yes, 0:11:20.920 --> 0:11:24.040 June six is National yo Yo Day, which happens to 0:11:24.040 --> 0:11:29.080 be the same day as Donald Duncan's birthday. Yeah. Well, 0:11:29.080 --> 0:11:31.360 and the Duncan name lives on. Obviously, you still see 0:11:31.400 --> 0:11:35.600 Duncan Yo Yo's. They sold out. They didn't just shut down, well, 0:11:35.640 --> 0:11:39.120 they went bankrupt and sold all right. Yeah, so who 0:11:39.160 --> 0:11:43.120 was it? The flam Flam bail plastics company. They said, 0:11:43.160 --> 0:11:45.960 we'll keep the name Duncan because it's synonymous with Yo Yo's. 0:11:46.600 --> 0:12:10.200 It's not generic yet. There's a little yoyo history for you. 0:12:10.640 --> 0:12:11.920 I got a little more. I'm going to stay to 0:12:12.000 --> 0:12:15.400 the end. I think you'll like. Okay, you didn't tease 0:12:15.400 --> 0:12:18.360 you with it. Now let's talk about physics. Well, I 0:12:18.400 --> 0:12:25.600 think this is very interesting. Good. So there's a two Okay. 0:12:25.720 --> 0:12:29.040 You mentioned with the string tied to the classic Chinese 0:12:29.080 --> 0:12:34.160 design Yo Yo, you have one kind of um energy 0:12:34.360 --> 0:12:38.800 going on, right, yes, and that is a linear momentum, 0:12:38.840 --> 0:12:41.440 the ability of it to go up and down or 0:12:41.520 --> 0:12:44.240 I should say down and up right, that's right with 0:12:44.360 --> 0:12:47.680 the Filipino design, the modern design and has two kinds 0:12:47.720 --> 0:12:51.080 of potential energy. It has that same linear momentum to 0:12:51.080 --> 0:12:53.520 go up and down, but it also has angular momentum 0:12:53.600 --> 0:12:57.000 and angular momentum is um its ability to spin on 0:12:57.040 --> 0:13:00.120 an axle. Okay, So you've got two things going on. 0:13:00.480 --> 0:13:03.120 And like you said, when the yo yo hits the 0:13:03.240 --> 0:13:06.000 end of the line of its linear momentum, it can 0:13:06.000 --> 0:13:08.440 still It's built up since it's wound around the spool, 0:13:08.800 --> 0:13:11.120 It's built up a lot of angular momentum. So we 0:13:11.120 --> 0:13:13.600 can just sit there and spin or sleep as you 0:13:13.880 --> 0:13:16.800 called it. Yeah, it actually increases as it goes down, 0:13:17.400 --> 0:13:20.520 which is the key to keeping it spinning, right. It 0:13:20.559 --> 0:13:23.560 gets faster as it falls. There's another pretty cool trait 0:13:23.640 --> 0:13:26.320 to a yoyo. Who knew they were so complex? I didn't, 0:13:27.280 --> 0:13:29.920 did you? I did not? Okay? So um. They also 0:13:29.960 --> 0:13:34.480 have gyroscopic stability, chuck, they do. Okay. So if you 0:13:34.600 --> 0:13:36.280 if you have a yo yo that's sleeping and you 0:13:36.320 --> 0:13:38.960 push down on top of it, like it goes down 0:13:38.960 --> 0:13:43.079 and then back up, that's because of its gyroscopic stability. 0:13:43.120 --> 0:13:45.400 That point that you push down on the yo yo 0:13:46.200 --> 0:13:49.240 is transferred from the front and spun around to the back. 0:13:49.400 --> 0:13:51.400 So that's even now, So the yo yo will just 0:13:51.480 --> 0:13:55.800 keep spinning as long as it's spinning fast enough. Gyroscopic stability, yes, 0:13:56.080 --> 0:14:00.120 that means a spinning object object will resist change to 0:14:00.160 --> 0:14:03.640 its access of rotation. And have you ever thrown a football, 0:14:04.000 --> 0:14:06.679 it's the same thing. Yeah, Or if you've ever thrown 0:14:06.720 --> 0:14:10.800 a football poorly, what do they call that? Wibbler turkey, 0:14:10.880 --> 0:14:13.720 wounded duck brick. That's why wounded duck doesn't go very 0:14:13.720 --> 0:14:16.840 far because it doesn't have that tight spine, so it 0:14:16.920 --> 0:14:19.760 falls off its axis and won't travel as far, same 0:14:19.800 --> 0:14:21.920 as a frist and then the whole team's mad. Basically, 0:14:21.960 --> 0:14:26.600 anything that spins frisbees, footballs, there's there's gotta be a baseball. 0:14:27.720 --> 0:14:29.640 We could liken it to a baseball somehow. Let's say 0:14:29.680 --> 0:14:34.040 a curveball, knuckleball slider definitely not a knuckleball slider than 0:14:34.120 --> 0:14:37.840 spin at all? Really, is it like a shop put No, 0:14:37.960 --> 0:14:41.320 the knuckleball you the whole key is. It doesn't move. 0:14:41.360 --> 0:14:43.880 It travels like this, and that's why it moves all 0:14:43.920 --> 0:14:49.680 around crazy. Um. It's so you've got your you've got 0:14:49.760 --> 0:14:53.200 your yo yo sleeping. You're you're totally aware of its 0:14:53.240 --> 0:14:58.280 gyros copic stability um and you understand that it's angular 0:14:58.320 --> 0:15:02.280 momentum is just awesome. It's far out right, it's far 0:15:02.320 --> 0:15:04.520 out but you want to wake it up, and that's 0:15:04.560 --> 0:15:07.280 when you bring it out of its sleep and rewind 0:15:07.320 --> 0:15:09.680 it back up the spool, right, little tug on the 0:15:09.720 --> 0:15:13.160 old finger. Yeah, and the reason why is because the loop, right, 0:15:13.560 --> 0:15:17.560 there's less friction with the loop around the axle. When 0:15:17.560 --> 0:15:20.240 you tug it, you increase that friction and you allow 0:15:20.280 --> 0:15:23.000 it to rewind. It just grabs ahold of its buddy 0:15:23.000 --> 0:15:25.560 and just let's go back up to the palm. Yeah. 0:15:25.600 --> 0:15:28.840 It's pretty cool. Yeah. I like Yo yo physics a lot. 0:15:31.000 --> 0:15:33.960 So we basically just talked about the two hardest parts, right, 0:15:34.800 --> 0:15:37.760 sleeping and waking. Yeah, And like I said, sleeping is 0:15:37.920 --> 0:15:41.360 the key to do any kind of trick like walking 0:15:41.360 --> 0:15:44.160 the dog, which I was pretty good. I used to 0:15:44.160 --> 0:15:46.400 could do a few yo yo tricks. Yeah, I could 0:15:46.400 --> 0:15:49.040 walk the dog, and I could do uh, I could 0:15:49.040 --> 0:15:52.080 do the deal where you you make a triangle and 0:15:52.120 --> 0:15:55.400 then TikTok through the triangle something like a cradle or 0:15:56.160 --> 0:15:59.480 probably the cats in the cradle let's call a cat's cradle, 0:15:59.640 --> 0:16:03.400 And then I could I could do the around the world. Wow, 0:16:03.480 --> 0:16:05.360 we're on the world. Yeah, I couldn't do any of those. 0:16:05.400 --> 0:16:07.520 I'm gonna this inspired me to get a new Yoh. Yeah, 0:16:07.560 --> 0:16:10.600 by the way, I like the vintage Duncan ones, specifically 0:16:10.680 --> 0:16:13.320 the yellow ones with the butterfly like the gold the 0:16:13.360 --> 0:16:18.200 gold butterfly, the inverted ones. No one butterfly on that 0:16:19.080 --> 0:16:21.240 because they had those that were that looked like a 0:16:21.280 --> 0:16:24.200 butterfly that were I know what you're talking about, inverted, 0:16:24.280 --> 0:16:27.640 and I think that actually plays a part in the 0:16:29.880 --> 0:16:33.000 uh increasing the moment of inertia section. Yeah, I think 0:16:33.000 --> 0:16:35.000 that's why they flipped it out to put more weight 0:16:35.040 --> 0:16:37.040 on the outside. Yeah, okay, well you want to talk 0:16:37.040 --> 0:16:39.160 about that? Why not? So do you remember when we 0:16:39.440 --> 0:16:43.400 did the um Murphy's Law podcast? How could I forget? Remember? 0:16:43.400 --> 0:16:45.160 One of the books that he wrote was for your 0:16:45.200 --> 0:16:48.320 Moments of Inertia? Yeah? Yeah, I didn't realize it was 0:16:48.360 --> 0:16:53.280 a terrible, terrible engineering pun until I read this article, mate, 0:16:53.360 --> 0:16:55.800 John Paul staff a little bit. Nah, we love that guy, 0:16:56.360 --> 0:16:59.800 so Chuck. A moment of inertia is basically a way 0:16:59.800 --> 0:17:05.560 of describing as spinning objects resistance two changes in that 0:17:05.680 --> 0:17:11.520 rotation basically um being slowed down right, um. And what 0:17:11.520 --> 0:17:13.760 what smarter people than us have figured out is that 0:17:13.840 --> 0:17:18.720 if you increase the mass and distribute it slightly further 0:17:18.800 --> 0:17:22.840 away from the axis, you're going to increase its moment 0:17:22.880 --> 0:17:26.600 of inertia, right, and that increases the amount of time 0:17:26.680 --> 0:17:29.280 is just sleeping, right Yeah. And like I said, I 0:17:29.320 --> 0:17:31.439 don't know this, but I just remember when I was 0:17:31.480 --> 0:17:33.919 a kid, they had those inverted yo yos, and I 0:17:34.000 --> 0:17:36.359 bet you anything that's why they did it. Be because 0:17:36.359 --> 0:17:38.720 they were wider at the outside and then curved in, 0:17:39.880 --> 0:17:42.840 which had to be less mass. Yeah, it was less stuff, 0:17:43.320 --> 0:17:46.720 less would So I'm gonna go on record as saying 0:17:46.720 --> 0:17:48.600 that's why they did that. But I think you want 0:17:48.720 --> 0:17:54.040 more mass further away to increase its moment of inertia, right, Yeah, 0:17:54.119 --> 0:17:56.160 so it was there was more mass on the outside 0:17:56.600 --> 0:17:59.840 further away from the axis. Yeah, so that allows things 0:17:59.840 --> 0:18:02.600 to sleep a lot longer. And um, that was a 0:18:02.880 --> 0:18:05.520 I guess you could say one of the breakthroughs in 0:18:05.600 --> 0:18:08.840 yo yo design. I think in the sixties they started 0:18:08.880 --> 0:18:12.760 adding mass to the outside and um, extending the axle 0:18:12.760 --> 0:18:15.160 a little bit. Bam, the yo yo has been improved, 0:18:15.320 --> 0:18:20.960 think about this, right, maybe even longer than that years ago, 0:18:21.600 --> 0:18:25.439 somebody invented the yo yo does not change until the 0:18:25.440 --> 0:18:28.600 Philippines in the early twentieth century. Well, I thought it 0:18:28.600 --> 0:18:31.399 said it did change. We just don't know, said there 0:18:31.400 --> 0:18:34.760 were changes in designs over the years. No, not that 0:18:34.840 --> 0:18:37.080 I took. I took it like there was one way 0:18:37.240 --> 0:18:41.040 and then there was the Filipino way, and that was it. 0:18:41.400 --> 0:18:43.320 We got a correction to make them, and then the 0:18:43.400 --> 0:18:46.000 twenty century hits and then there's all these great improvements 0:18:46.040 --> 0:18:50.359 on these designs. Indeed, one of the improvements Chuck was 0:18:50.600 --> 0:18:54.440 adding ball bearings. Right, yeah, well you and I don't 0:18:54.440 --> 0:18:57.600 think these are improvements ear least I don't. Okay, that's 0:18:57.680 --> 0:19:00.919 absolutely true. That's a good caveat. I think that the 0:19:00.960 --> 0:19:04.680 Filipinos perfected the yo ya. Let's just call them modifications, 0:19:04.920 --> 0:19:07.080 okay for sorry kids who don't know how to yo 0:19:07.160 --> 0:19:09.880 yo rich kids. Yeah, that makes it easier, I think, 0:19:11.200 --> 0:19:13.880 And that the whole point of both of these things. Yeah, 0:19:13.880 --> 0:19:16.440 I guess makes it easier to sleep and yeaheah. And 0:19:16.640 --> 0:19:19.840 I guess they're like, well, if you're just enjoying sleeping 0:19:19.920 --> 0:19:22.399 and waking your yo yo, then why make it tough 0:19:22.600 --> 0:19:24.639 if you want to have fun with your toy? Right, 0:19:26.920 --> 0:19:28.600 I can't believe they made it easier for kids to 0:19:28.760 --> 0:19:32.200 fund they So the ball bearing design I think is 0:19:32.280 --> 0:19:37.280 kind of clever. Um. Basically, the this modification takes the 0:19:37.359 --> 0:19:42.000 axle and splits it into Yeah, into two races, which 0:19:42.400 --> 0:19:45.320 are basically little courses for ball bearings to spin around. 0:19:45.600 --> 0:19:47.879 Right now, does that split the axle? These are just 0:19:47.920 --> 0:19:51.399 around the axle. So one is connected to the axle, 0:19:52.359 --> 0:19:56.240 that's the inner race. One is connected to the string 0:19:56.400 --> 0:19:58.120 that's the outer race, and then in between the two 0:19:58.119 --> 0:20:02.320 are ball bearings. Right. Okay, they're not connected in any way, 0:20:03.040 --> 0:20:06.600 um except maybe via the context with the ball bearings. Right, 0:20:07.080 --> 0:20:10.000 So when you when you release your yo yo towards 0:20:10.040 --> 0:20:12.639 the ground and it's linear and angular momentum really build 0:20:12.680 --> 0:20:16.399 up when it hits the inter race can tilt a 0:20:16.480 --> 0:20:20.400 little bit and um connect with the outer race via 0:20:20.440 --> 0:20:24.400 the ball bearings. So they're they're spinning, right, and then 0:20:24.480 --> 0:20:28.600 as they straighten out the um they they're they're not 0:20:28.640 --> 0:20:32.400 connected anymore, so that the string no longer has any 0:20:32.640 --> 0:20:35.960 effect on whether the yo yo spins or not, because 0:20:35.960 --> 0:20:39.680 it's just the inter race connected to the axle that's spinning. 0:20:39.960 --> 0:20:43.400 So your yo yo can sleep far far longer. Yeah, 0:20:43.440 --> 0:20:46.040 the outer race spens the interrace, which spins the axle. Right, 0:20:46.080 --> 0:20:48.560 It's like a transfer of angular momentum, and then the 0:20:48.560 --> 0:20:50.680 strings just like you just let me know when you're 0:20:50.680 --> 0:20:53.399 done and we'll wind back up. Well, it'll get a 0:20:53.400 --> 0:20:56.200 little tug. Will do the same thing with that style, right, 0:20:57.040 --> 0:20:59.600 or you can just completely take yourself out of the 0:20:59.640 --> 0:21:02.760 equi Asian altogether except for a snap of the risk. 0:21:02.800 --> 0:21:05.720 The initial release is all you need to do with 0:21:05.840 --> 0:21:09.160 what's called the yo Yo with the brain. These are 0:21:09.240 --> 0:21:12.480 really fake yo yo's. I want to get one though. 0:21:12.480 --> 0:21:13.600 It's kind of cool, like you could be in a 0:21:13.680 --> 0:21:16.320 vegetative state and do this yo yo. Yeah, this was 0:21:16.359 --> 0:21:20.359 in the nineties. Company called Yo Maica release these and 0:21:20.680 --> 0:21:22.800 they called it the yo Yo with the brain, when 0:21:22.800 --> 0:21:24.480 in fact they should have called it the yo Yo 0:21:24.560 --> 0:21:28.280 with the clutch. And Uh, the deal here is you've 0:21:28.280 --> 0:21:32.560 got these two clutch arms, uh weighted ball on one 0:21:32.600 --> 0:21:34.600 side and it's not attached on the other side, and 0:21:34.600 --> 0:21:39.000 they're spring loaded. The spindle is not attached to the axle, 0:21:39.560 --> 0:21:42.320 but the clutch arms are attached to the spindle. So 0:21:42.359 --> 0:21:45.680 when you throw this thing down, it's gonna spin slower 0:21:45.720 --> 0:21:48.760 at first, and the and the clutch is engaged. As 0:21:48.800 --> 0:21:51.879 it gets faster, all of a sudden, it's enough inertia 0:21:51.960 --> 0:21:55.439 to pop the clutch. Essentially against the edges, and it 0:21:55.720 --> 0:22:01.800 releases the spindle, which makes the whole thing spin faster. 0:22:02.359 --> 0:22:06.560 On the axis right, the centrifugal force um pushes down 0:22:06.560 --> 0:22:09.840 the weight, which pushes down the arm onto the spring, 0:22:09.880 --> 0:22:12.960 which releases the two which allows it to spin. And 0:22:13.000 --> 0:22:14.720 it only spends for a certain amount of time. It's 0:22:14.760 --> 0:22:17.160 not like the kind that you tug back up. It'll 0:22:17.160 --> 0:22:20.080 spin till it slows down and then the clutch locks 0:22:20.119 --> 0:22:22.959 back down and boom, it shoots back up right back up. 0:22:23.000 --> 0:22:24.760 I wanna, I wanna, I wish we had one of those. 0:22:24.760 --> 0:22:26.720 I want to see what it's like. So basically, the 0:22:26.760 --> 0:22:30.520 big to the two modifications are based on separating the 0:22:30.600 --> 0:22:34.720 string from the axle by by creating two different kinds 0:22:34.760 --> 0:22:37.800 of I guess axles or spindles or whatever, which are 0:22:37.800 --> 0:22:42.520 really just sort of taking the Philippine Filipino design a 0:22:42.560 --> 0:22:45.719 step further because although it made contact with the axle, 0:22:45.760 --> 0:22:48.480