1
00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:06,720
Speaker 1: Hey everyone, welcome the Monday's Morbid Minute. This is your

2
00:00:06,800 --> 00:00:11,120
Speaker 1: quick rundown of the week's most fascinating stories involving death, disease, medicine,

3
00:00:11,160 --> 00:00:15,040
Speaker 1: and injury, making headlines and rippling through the pop culture.

4
00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:18,279
Speaker 1: We'll tease the cases here, then do a deep dive

5
00:00:18,360 --> 00:00:22,800
Speaker 1: into the pathology, forensics, and medical mysteries later in our

6
00:00:22,880 --> 00:00:26,960
Speaker 1: Normal Mother Knows Death episodes, in articles over in the

7
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:30,560
Speaker 1: Gross Room, and during our weekly YouTube live bonus episode

8
00:00:30,840 --> 00:00:35,640
Speaker 1: exclusively for Grossroom members. If it's dark, disturbing, medically bizarre,

9
00:00:35,760 --> 00:00:38,920
Speaker 1: or just too good not to dissect, you'll hear it

10
00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:50,920
Speaker 1: first on Monday's Morbid Minute. Okay, let's get into true

11
00:00:51,000 --> 00:00:55,480
Speaker 1: crime and court cases. Ted Bundy officially linked to DNA

12
00:00:55,680 --> 00:01:01,080
Speaker 1: to nineteen seventy four Utah teen murder. U Forensic testing

13
00:01:01,120 --> 00:01:04,480
Speaker 1: has officially confirmed that Ted Bundy murdered seventeen year old

14
00:01:04,880 --> 00:01:10,120
Speaker 1: Laura Ann Amy in Utah in nineteen seventy four, finally

15
00:01:10,160 --> 00:01:12,759
Speaker 1: closing a case that has remained open for more than

16
00:01:12,920 --> 00:01:17,360
Speaker 1: fifty years. Amy disappeared after leaving a Halloween party, and

17
00:01:17,440 --> 00:01:21,679
Speaker 1: her body was found weeks later near American FOURK Canyon.

18
00:01:22,480 --> 00:01:25,640
Speaker 1: Bundy had confessed to the killing before his execution in

19
00:01:25,760 --> 00:01:29,720
Speaker 1: nineteen eighty nine, but investigators never considered the case fully

20
00:01:29,760 --> 00:01:32,680
Speaker 1: closed because he gave few details and there was no

21
00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:36,800
Speaker 1: physical proof tying him to the murder. That changed after

22
00:01:36,880 --> 00:01:40,280
Speaker 1: new DNA technology became available at the state crime Lab.

23
00:01:40,959 --> 00:01:44,560
Speaker 1: The technology allowed them to identify Bundy's DNA on evidence

24
00:01:44,680 --> 00:01:50,320
Speaker 1: from the case. Former Pennsylvania doctor pleads guilty in sexual

25
00:01:50,360 --> 00:01:56,680
Speaker 1: assault and extortion case. Former York County doctor Christopher Davis,

26
00:01:56,760 --> 00:01:59,960
Speaker 1: who is sixty four years old, pleaded guilty after prosecutor

27
00:02:00,120 --> 00:02:03,760
Speaker 1: said he used his position as a methodone treatment center

28
00:02:03,800 --> 00:02:09,040
Speaker 1: for patients with opioid addictions to coerce vulnerable females into

29
00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:14,720
Speaker 1: sexual activity. Davis pressured female patients into performing sexual acts

30
00:02:14,760 --> 00:02:17,680
Speaker 1: with him or sending nude photos, and threatened to withhold

31
00:02:17,760 --> 00:02:22,280
Speaker 1: treatment if they refused. Dead body found in the back

32
00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:27,600
Speaker 1: of an unlocked police car. A deeply unsettling investigation is

33
00:02:27,720 --> 00:02:32,320
Speaker 1: underway in California after thirty seven year old Eric Valencia

34
00:02:32,800 --> 00:02:35,640
Speaker 1: was found dead inside of the back of an unlocked,

35
00:02:35,680 --> 00:02:39,639
Speaker 1: out of service patrol SUV parked outside of police headquarters.

36
00:02:40,440 --> 00:02:44,800
Speaker 1: Surveillance video showed Valencia entering the video on March twenty third,

37
00:02:45,320 --> 00:02:48,360
Speaker 1: after he was released from custody and he was not

38
00:02:48,440 --> 00:02:53,040
Speaker 1: discovered for three days. Police have acknowledged the vehicle should

39
00:02:53,040 --> 00:02:56,320
Speaker 1: have been locked, and Valencia's family is now demanding answers.

40
00:02:56,840 --> 00:03:01,440
Speaker 1: His cause of death has not been publicly confirmed. Mount

41
00:03:01,480 --> 00:03:07,440
Speaker 1: Everest's guides accused in massive insurance scam. Authorities in Nepal

42
00:03:07,600 --> 00:03:11,400
Speaker 1: say a major twenty million dollar insurance fraud scheme on

43
00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:16,280
Speaker 1: Mount Everest involved guides allegedly making climbers sick or exaggerating

44
00:03:16,320 --> 00:03:21,200
Speaker 1: illness to trigger expensive helicopter evacuations and fraudulent medical claims.

45
00:03:22,120 --> 00:03:26,840
Speaker 1: Investigators say guides, helicopter companies, hospitals, and agents may have

46
00:03:26,880 --> 00:03:30,200
Speaker 1: all taken apart, with some reports alleging tourists were even

47
00:03:30,280 --> 00:03:35,560
Speaker 1: intentionally given substances to mimic altitude sickness. More than thirty

48
00:03:35,640 --> 00:03:39,120
Speaker 1: people have been reportedly charged, and the investigation revealed that

49
00:03:39,160 --> 00:03:46,120
Speaker 1: there were one hundred and seventy one unnecessary rescues. Woman

50
00:03:46,280 --> 00:03:50,200
Speaker 1: sentenced after killing boyfriend and hiding the body after he

51
00:03:50,320 --> 00:03:55,960
Speaker 1: complained about her cooking. A southern California woman named Trista

52
00:03:56,040 --> 00:03:59,320
Speaker 1: Ann Spicer, who's forty six, was sentenced to fifteen years

53
00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:03,400
Speaker 1: in prison Amias killing her boyfriend Eric Mercado, during an

54
00:04:03,520 --> 00:04:06,480
Speaker 1: argument about her cooking and burying his body in a

55
00:04:06,480 --> 00:04:10,760
Speaker 1: makeshift tumbe beneath a staircase in her backyard. Prosecutors say

56
00:04:10,880 --> 00:04:13,720
Speaker 1: she struck him with a skillet, cut his throat, and

57
00:04:13,840 --> 00:04:17,880
Speaker 1: kept his disappearance hidden for years. The case resurfaced in

58
00:04:17,920 --> 00:04:21,800
Speaker 1: twenty twenty two after Spicer's ex boyfriend told police she

59
00:04:21,880 --> 00:04:23,880
Speaker 1: had told him that she needed to move the body

60
00:04:23,920 --> 00:04:27,719
Speaker 1: because her family wanted to sell the house. Mercado's remains

61
00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:32,880
Speaker 1: were found on the property. Police recover stolen bracelet from

62
00:04:33,000 --> 00:04:38,120
Speaker 1: thief's poop. Police in India recovered a stolen silver bracelet

63
00:04:38,160 --> 00:04:41,280
Speaker 1: from a suspect's poop after he swallowed it and hid

64
00:04:41,279 --> 00:04:45,359
Speaker 1: the evidence during an arrest. Officers say demanded stolen jewelry

65
00:04:45,360 --> 00:04:47,680
Speaker 1: from a local home and then tried to destroy the

66
00:04:47,720 --> 00:04:52,600
Speaker 1: evidence by ingusting part of the loot. After medical treatment

67
00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:56,760
Speaker 1: and close monitoring, police recovered the bracement from his stool.

68
00:04:58,360 --> 00:05:01,480
Speaker 1: In pop culture and celebrity news, use Perez Hilton undergoes

69
00:05:01,520 --> 00:05:05,120
Speaker 1: emergency surgery for a blood clot. We have an update

70
00:05:05,160 --> 00:05:07,760
Speaker 1: on a story we brought you last week on celebrity

71
00:05:07,760 --> 00:05:10,440
Speaker 1: blogger Perez Hilton. He is saying he had to return

72
00:05:10,480 --> 00:05:13,880
Speaker 1: to the hospital again for emergency surgery on a massive

73
00:05:13,880 --> 00:05:16,719
Speaker 1: blood clot in his leg, just a week after being

74
00:05:16,800 --> 00:05:20,480
Speaker 1: released from a twenty one day hospitalization for severe sepsis

75
00:05:20,480 --> 00:05:24,479
Speaker 1: and multiple infections. He said doctors warned that the clot

76
00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:27,159
Speaker 1: could have become life threatening if it had broken loose,

77
00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:30,480
Speaker 1: and had described the ordeal as a major wake up call.

78
00:05:31,960 --> 00:05:35,200
Speaker 1: Bindy Irwin revealed that in the past three years she

79
00:05:35,240 --> 00:05:38,800
Speaker 1: has had more than fifty endometriosis lesions removed, along with

80
00:05:38,839 --> 00:05:42,920
Speaker 1: a chocolate cyst or an endometrioma, an ependectomy, and a

81
00:05:43,000 --> 00:05:46,640
Speaker 1: hernia repair. She said she spent about a decade searching

82
00:05:46,680 --> 00:05:50,480
Speaker 1: for answers before finally getting a diagnosis, and has spoken

83
00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:55,080
Speaker 1: about how often women's pain is minimized or dismissed. We'll

84
00:05:55,080 --> 00:05:59,000
Speaker 1: talk about this later in the week. In Medicine and

85
00:05:59,080 --> 00:06:02,039
Speaker 1: health News, Accord says it's not possible to identify a

86
00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:06,760
Speaker 1: baby's father after mother slept with identical twins. A woman

87
00:06:06,839 --> 00:06:10,880
Speaker 1: in London who became pregnant after having sex with identical

88
00:06:10,920 --> 00:06:13,600
Speaker 1: twin brothers within four days of each other has been

89
00:06:13,600 --> 00:06:16,280
Speaker 1: told by the Court of Appeal that it is currently

90
00:06:16,400 --> 00:06:20,279
Speaker 1: not possible to say which twin is the father. Judges

91
00:06:20,320 --> 00:06:23,520
Speaker 1: say DNA testing can prove the child's father is one

92
00:06:23,680 --> 00:06:26,960
Speaker 1: or the other brother, but because their genetic profiles are

93
00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:31,720
Speaker 1: so similar, current testing could not distinguish between them. One

94
00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,640
Speaker 1: twin had been listed on the birth certificate, but the

95
00:06:34,720 --> 00:06:38,160
Speaker 1: ruling says each brother has a fifty percent chance of

96
00:06:38,200 --> 00:06:43,920
Speaker 1: being the biological father. Topical steroid withdrawal described as being

97
00:06:43,960 --> 00:06:49,440
Speaker 1: trapped in a half alive corpse. Topical steroid withdrawal is

98
00:06:49,440 --> 00:06:53,320
Speaker 1: a controversial and poorly understood condition reported by some people

99
00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:57,039
Speaker 1: after long term use of steroid creams for ezema. The

100
00:06:57,160 --> 00:07:01,120
Speaker 1: condition is gaining attention after a mother described her horrific experience.

101
00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:05,680
Speaker 1: Patients describe severe burning, skin shedding, itching, swelling, and feeling

102
00:07:05,680 --> 00:07:09,240
Speaker 1: trapped in a body that no longer functions normally. The

103
00:07:09,279 --> 00:07:12,920
Speaker 1: story focuses on women who say the creams initially helped

104
00:07:12,960 --> 00:07:16,920
Speaker 1: but later left them in prolonged, devastating withdrawal. After stopping

105
00:07:18,600 --> 00:07:24,960
Speaker 1: recalled chocolates containing hidden erectile dysfunction drugs, A nationwide recall

106
00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:29,200
Speaker 1: has been issued for Gold Lion aphrodisiac chocolate, Mail Enhancement

107
00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:33,680
Speaker 1: Sachet and I Loom sex chocolate mauth sexual enhancement booster

108
00:07:34,280 --> 00:07:40,840
Speaker 1: after the FDA says they contained undeclared scilidenophil and tatlidophyl,

109
00:07:41,560 --> 00:07:46,520
Speaker 1: the same active ingredients found in viagara like drugs. These

110
00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:50,840
Speaker 1: hidden ingredients can trigger dangerous, potentially life threatening drops in

111
00:07:50,880 --> 00:07:55,400
Speaker 1: blood pressure, especially in people taking nitrate medications for heart conditions.

112
00:07:56,040 --> 00:07:59,600
Speaker 1: Consumers are being told to stop using the products immediately.

113
00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:06,160
Speaker 1: Experts say TikTok is driving autism self diagnosis. Experts are

114
00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:09,720
Speaker 1: warning that TikTok is pushing a wave of autism self diagnoses,

115
00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:14,240
Speaker 1: especially in young adults who see videos describing sensory issues,

116
00:08:14,360 --> 00:08:17,600
Speaker 1: social awkwardness, or repetitive behaviors and start to believe that

117
00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:24,520
Speaker 1: they are autistic. Many autism like traits overlap with ADHD, anxiety, OCD,

118
00:08:24,680 --> 00:08:28,440
Speaker 1: and trauma, which is why clinicians say real diagnoses has

119
00:08:28,480 --> 00:08:33,520
Speaker 1: to include developmental history and formal assessment, not just relying

120
00:08:33,679 --> 00:08:37,800
Speaker 1: on relatable videos. Experts say TikTok can be a starting

121
00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:42,199
Speaker 1: point for curiosity, but it is not a diagnostic tool.

122
00:08:42,360 --> 00:08:46,840
Speaker 1: Woman throws a sperm shower to choose an IVF donor.

123
00:08:47,800 --> 00:08:50,920
Speaker 1: A thirty six year old woman named Emily Webb went

124
00:08:51,040 --> 00:08:56,000
Speaker 1: viral after hosting a themed quote sperm shower to help

125
00:08:56,080 --> 00:08:59,920
Speaker 1: choose a donor during her IVF process. She described it

126
00:09:00,080 --> 00:09:02,920
Speaker 1: as a mix between a baby shower and a bachelorette party,

127
00:09:03,320 --> 00:09:08,000
Speaker 1: complete with a sperm shaped cake and a quote Nacho daddy.

128
00:09:08,160 --> 00:09:12,240
Speaker 1: Bar Webb, who is a lactation consultant, said that the

129
00:09:12,280 --> 00:09:14,960
Speaker 1: event was her way of making an otherwise stressful and

130
00:09:15,040 --> 00:09:18,920
Speaker 1: lonely fertility journey feel more fun. She has since picked

131
00:09:18,920 --> 00:09:22,000
Speaker 1: a donor and is moving forward with embryo creation and

132
00:09:22,080 --> 00:09:27,880
Speaker 1: hopes for a future transfer. Patient says luxury New York

133
00:09:27,920 --> 00:09:33,560
Speaker 1: City maternity hospital gave her fleas. A postpartum patient said

134
00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:37,160
Speaker 1: she developed a flea infestation during her stay at New

135
00:09:37,200 --> 00:09:41,840
Speaker 1: York Presbyterian Alexandra Cohen Hospital for Women and Newborns, the

136
00:09:41,960 --> 00:09:45,880
Speaker 1: high end Manhattan maternity hospital known for private rooms and

137
00:09:46,040 --> 00:09:50,120
Speaker 1: Chanell branded gift bags. She said she woke up covered

138
00:09:50,160 --> 00:09:53,520
Speaker 1: in itchy bikes that later Blizzard and her family ultimately

139
00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:57,320
Speaker 1: had to leave their apartment for fumigation after bringing the

140
00:09:57,360 --> 00:10:01,320
Speaker 1: fleas home. The hospital said if no evidence of fleas,

141
00:10:01,360 --> 00:10:05,520
Speaker 1: but did cover extermination costs as a courtesy. The story

142
00:10:05,600 --> 00:10:09,760
Speaker 1: also included complaints from some dulas and patients about overcrowding

143
00:10:09,800 --> 00:10:16,040
Speaker 1: and sanitation problems at the otherwise luxury branded facility. More

144
00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:21,720
Speaker 1: people are requesting unvaccinated blood. A new report says more

145
00:10:21,800 --> 00:10:24,960
Speaker 1: patients and parents are asking hospitals and blood centers for

146
00:10:25,160 --> 00:10:29,840
Speaker 1: unvaccinated blood for transfusions, often because of mistrust tied to

147
00:10:29,920 --> 00:10:34,480
Speaker 1: COVID nineteen vaccines. Experts say that these requests are difficult

148
00:10:34,600 --> 00:10:37,560
Speaker 1: or impossible to fulfill because blood centers do not label

149
00:10:37,600 --> 00:10:41,360
Speaker 1: donations by vaccination status, and there is no evidence that

150
00:10:41,400 --> 00:10:46,160
Speaker 1: blood from unvaccinated donors is any safer. Researchers say the

151
00:10:46,200 --> 00:10:50,560
Speaker 1: trend reflects broader anti vaccine viewpoints and creates ethical and

152
00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:58,120
Speaker 1: logistical problems for transfusion medicine in freak accidents and unexpected deaths.

153
00:10:59,040 --> 00:11:04,800
Speaker 1: Toddler injured after reaching into a wolf enclosure. An eighteen

154
00:11:04,840 --> 00:11:08,240
Speaker 1: month old child was injured at Zoo America in Hershey, Pennsylvania,

155
00:11:08,280 --> 00:11:12,120
Speaker 1: after crawling under an exterior perimeter fence around the wolf

156
00:11:12,160 --> 00:11:15,720
Speaker 1: habitat and putting a hand through the main enclosure fence.

157
00:11:16,360 --> 00:11:20,000
Speaker 1: Zoue officials say that toddler was never inside the habitat itself,

158
00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:23,600
Speaker 1: but a wolf approached and made contact with the child's hand,

159
00:11:23,960 --> 00:11:28,280
Speaker 1: causing minor injuries. The zoo described the wolf's behavior as

160
00:11:28,360 --> 00:11:31,480
Speaker 1: natural rather than aggressive, and emphasized that the child had

161
00:11:31,520 --> 00:11:36,960
Speaker 1: been unsupervised. And In other death news, AI may improve

162
00:11:37,080 --> 00:11:42,000
Speaker 1: time of death estimates. Researchers at Linkoping University and Sweden's

163
00:11:42,120 --> 00:11:45,920
Speaker 1: National Board of Forensic Medicine trained AI models on four

164
00:11:46,000 --> 00:11:49,400
Speaker 1: thy eight hundred and seventy six blood samples with known

165
00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:53,640
Speaker 1: post mortem intervals and found that they could estimate time

166
00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:57,440
Speaker 1: since death with a medium error of about one day.

167
00:11:58,320 --> 00:12:02,959
Speaker 1: This method looks at change blood metabolites after death, rather

168
00:12:03,000 --> 00:12:07,679
Speaker 1: than relying on classic tools like body temperature, rigor mortis,

169
00:12:07,840 --> 00:12:11,480
Speaker 1: or potassium in the eye, which becomes less useful after

170
00:12:11,520 --> 00:12:15,120
Speaker 1: the first day or two. In a separate validation set

171
00:12:15,240 --> 00:12:18,720
Speaker 1: of five hundred and twelve people, the model still performed well,

172
00:12:18,800 --> 00:12:21,720
Speaker 1: with a median error of about one point two nine days.

173
00:12:22,400 --> 00:12:25,920
Speaker 1: Researchers say the goal is not to replace forensic pathology,

174
00:12:26,000 --> 00:12:28,800
Speaker 1: but to give investigators another tool in cases where a

175
00:12:28,840 --> 00:12:32,360
Speaker 1: body is found days later and the timeline is otherwise

176
00:12:32,400 --> 00:12:36,480
Speaker 1: hard to narrow. And in our last story, which is

177
00:12:36,640 --> 00:12:40,200
Speaker 1: very relevant to this time of year, possible human remains

178
00:12:40,240 --> 00:12:43,920
Speaker 1: found during an Easter egg hunt, police in Long Beach,

179
00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:48,000
Speaker 1: California are investigating after possible human remains were discovered near

180
00:12:48,120 --> 00:12:51,640
Speaker 1: DeForest Park and the wetlands during an Easter egg hunt.

181
00:12:52,280 --> 00:12:56,360
Speaker 1: Preliminary reports suggestive remains may have been a very small skull,

182
00:12:56,920 --> 00:12:59,920
Speaker 1: though police have not publicly confirmed the exact nature of

183
00:13:00,160 --> 00:13:04,280
Speaker 1: the find. Officers secured the area and launched a full investigation,

184
00:13:04,360 --> 00:13:07,520
Speaker 1: and the remains are expected to undergo forensic analysis to

185
00:13:07,559 --> 00:13:10,719
Speaker 1: determine whether they are human and, if so, who they

186
00:13:10,760 --> 00:13:15,480
Speaker 1: belong to. And that's it for this week's Monday's Morbid Minute.

187
00:13:15,679 --> 00:13:18,880
Speaker 1: For full breakdowns of these stories, plus any breaking news

188
00:13:18,880 --> 00:13:21,840
Speaker 1: that develops, be sure to tune into this week's regular

189
00:13:21,880 --> 00:13:24,480
Speaker 1: Mother Knows Death podcast and check out the Gross Room.

190
00:13:25,080 --> 00:13:28,439
Speaker 1: Don't forget to subscribe to us on all podcast platforms

191
00:13:28,440 --> 00:13:31,120
Speaker 1: and on YouTube, and while you're there, leave us a review.

192
00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:32,920
Speaker 1: We would love to hear what you have to say.

193
00:13:33,480 --> 00:13:35,240
Speaker 1: If you see a story you want us to cover,

194
00:13:35,400 --> 00:13:38,360
Speaker 1: or have questions or comments, email us at stories at

195
00:13:38,360 --> 00:13:45,439
Speaker 1: Mothernosdeath dot com. Thank you for listening to Mother Noos Death.

196
00:13:46,120 --> 00:13:49,840
Speaker 1: As a reminder, my training is as a pathologist's assistant.

197
00:13:50,640 --> 00:13:54,079
Speaker 1: I have a master's level education and specialize in anatomy

198
00:13:54,120 --> 00:13:57,720
Speaker 1: and pathology education. I am not a doctor and I

199
00:13:57,760 --> 00:14:01,600
Speaker 1: have not diagnosed or treated anyone dead or alive without

200
00:14:01,600 --> 00:14:07,000
Speaker 1: the assistance of a licensed medical doctor. This show, my website,

201
00:14:07,080 --> 00:14:10,480
Speaker 1: and social media accounts are designed to educate and inform

202
00:14:10,520 --> 00:14:14,760
Speaker 1: people based on my experience working in pathology, so they

203
00:14:14,800 --> 00:14:18,199
Speaker 1: can make healthier decisions regarding their life and well being.

204
00:14:19,320 --> 00:14:22,200
Speaker 1: Always remember that science is changing every day and the

205
00:14:22,240 --> 00:14:25,520
Speaker 1: opinions expressed in this episode are based on my knowledge

206
00:14:25,560 --> 00:14:29,200
Speaker 1: of those subjects at the time of publication. If you

207
00:14:29,280 --> 00:14:33,120
Speaker 1: are having a medical problem, have a medical question, or

208
00:14:33,320 --> 00:14:37,560
Speaker 1: having a medical emergency, please contact your physician or visit

209
00:14:37,600 --> 00:14:42,920
Speaker 1: an urgent care center, emergency room, or hospital. Please rate, review,

210
00:14:43,040 --> 00:14:47,440
Speaker 1: and subscribe to Mother Knows Death on Apple, Spotify, YouTube,

211
00:14:47,680 --> 00:14:52,000
Speaker 1: or anywhere you get podcasts. Thanks