Speaker 1: Hi, friends, have you ever flown into blimp? I haven't.
Speaker 1: It's one of my goals, and on August I had neither.
Speaker 1: But that's what we talked about and more in the
Speaker 1: episode How Blimps Work coming up right now. Welcome to
Speaker 1: Stuff You Should Know, a production of I Heart Radios
Speaker 1: How Stuff Works. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm
Speaker 1: Josh Clark. There's Charles w Chuck Bryant, and Jerry's with us,
Speaker 1: so that makes this Stuff you should Know? How you doing?
Speaker 1: I'm good man, this is I'm excited about this one.
Speaker 1: Oh are you sure? Blimps? Yeah, because they have like
Speaker 1: eight names, blimp, dirigible, zeppelin, yeah, airship yeah. Uh well
Speaker 1: technically l t A I'm counting that lighter than airship, yeah,
Speaker 1: which I think is ultimately lighter than airship. L t
Speaker 1: A is the umbrella term for all of those things
Speaker 1: which are slightly different. Yeah. I think an l t
Speaker 1: A and an airship is all of them. The dirigible
Speaker 1: is all of them. Zeppelin is rigid, and a blimp
Speaker 1: is non rigid. Nice, and mostly we just said blimps.
Speaker 1: These days, not a lot of rigid airships aren't there?
Speaker 1: But would they? Would they constitute. Yeah, no, but there's
Speaker 1: they can be semi rigid or non rigid, right, yeah,
Speaker 1: and I think the future we'll talk about that obviously
Speaker 1: at the end, but I think those are some of
Speaker 1: those are more the semi rigid style, right. That's very huge. Yeah,
Speaker 1: but they're made of some really lightweight but very strong
Speaker 1: composite materials. Yeah. Boom so Chuck, Let's talk about the
Speaker 1: history of blimps because I think when anybody thinks of blimps,
Speaker 1: they think Handenburg, they think, they think the Handenburg and
Speaker 1: then maybe can currently or right after the Good Year blimp. Yeah,
Speaker 1: those are the two that really laid it on the
Speaker 1: line for blimped him. Uh yeah, you know, want you
Speaker 1: want to talk about the early history, I guess, and
Speaker 1: then get to the tragedy. Yeah, because there wasn't that
Speaker 1: much time in between the two to tell you the truth. Yeah,
Speaker 1: I mean it all started, of course with hot air balloons,
Speaker 1: because uh, they're not so different. In Sight three, a
Speaker 1: couple of frenchees, brothers, Jacques Etienne and Joseph Michelle. They
Speaker 1: said they were brothers, but they have different Last night,
Speaker 1: I think Jacques Etienne is his first and middle name. Okay,
Speaker 1: that makes sense. They all had three names, uh last name,
Speaker 1: serial killer, mong Gulfier. They invented the hot air balloon
Speaker 1: uh an unmanned hot air balloon in seventy three, and
Speaker 1: then later that same year a French physicist last name
Speaker 1: de Rosier had the first manned balloon flight. And they
Speaker 1: were just floating around because that's what our balloons do.
Speaker 1: You can go up and then if you're really good,
Speaker 1: you can come back down. But left and right, that's
Speaker 1: up to mother nature. That's right, which is a little scary,
Speaker 1: although I think these days can they steer them at all.
Speaker 1: We have a great article on this. You're you're subject
Speaker 1: to the winds, to the the um was the god
Speaker 1: of wind that you know, he comes out of the
Speaker 1: cloud and blows wind. Yeah that guy. Yeah, you're you're
Speaker 1: subject to his whim So if if you're headed towards something,
Speaker 1: it's go over it or hit it. Yes, okay, And
Speaker 1: you remember there was that terrible blo um hot air
Speaker 1: balloon accident and I think Virginia last year earlier this year. Yeah,
Speaker 1: like they hit a power line I think, and then
Speaker 1: the basket caught fire and like they had to jump.
Speaker 1: It was really bad. Um. But yeah, you can go
Speaker 1: up and over and I imagine it's under if it's
Speaker 1: like a power line, yeah, or a tunnel if you're
Speaker 1: really good, or you're in a cartoon like the laugh Olympics.
Speaker 1: That's something they do in there. But the I think
Speaker 1: if you're really good, you could probably know where to
Speaker 1: steer into the wind to maybe use use the wind.
Speaker 1: But know, with a blimp, the big distinction is, aside
Speaker 1: from its distinctive shape, is that you can maneuver like
Speaker 1: a pro That's right, And that's what Henry uh Jaffar
Speaker 1: did in eighteen fifty two when he finally someone said
Speaker 1: we should steer these things and he built the first
Speaker 1: powered airship and it was cigar field like the classic
Speaker 1: shapes that we know and love now, had a propeller
Speaker 1: like they have now, and a little engine although it
Speaker 1: was a steam engine which they don't use now. Three
Speaker 1: horsepower steam engine. Yeah, they're not huge engine still didn't
Speaker 1: take a lot apparently, No, it really doesn't, um. And
Speaker 1: those were rigid airships. Uh, it's a it's a metal framework.
Speaker 1: And in nineteen hundred, count Ferdinand von Zeppelin, that name
Speaker 1: sounds familiar, Zeppelin of Germany. Uh, and that's where they
Speaker 1: got the name, of course, because I never understood the
Speaker 1: led the lead well it was I think someone said
Speaker 1: as a joke, you guys are gonna go over like
Speaker 1: a led Zeppelin, or they did when they played on
Speaker 1: the BBC. Is that it? But I take the A
Speaker 1: out because the same reason you take the A out
Speaker 1: of def Leppard. I've never understood that either, in the
Speaker 1: same as you put a boom loud over Motley Crue.
Speaker 1: This just makes it cool, you know, different differentiates you
Speaker 1: gotta mispell something in your band. I think I was
Speaker 1: just looking too deeply into it. It's the problem. Yeah,
Speaker 1: L E A d Zeppelin would be weird. Yeah, but
Speaker 1: I think like our paradigm would have adjusted. We would
Speaker 1: think L E. D Zeppelin would be weird if we
Speaker 1: were used to led Zeppelin with an A, or if
Speaker 1: the Beatles was spelled B E T L E S. Yeah,
Speaker 1: instead of their penny name. Very punny, all right, boy,
Speaker 1: we get sidetracks so easy with music stuff. Not really
Speaker 1: Zeppelin was I think people saw that coming before the
Speaker 1: press play. Uh. So that was the rigid Airship, the
Speaker 1: first one, and those have a metal framework and it
Speaker 1: had tail fins and rudders had combustion engines and could
Speaker 1: cruise about feet with up to five people. Yes, not bad.
Speaker 1: You could bring the whole family as long as you encounter,
Speaker 1: as long as you total no more than five, as
Speaker 1: long as you paid off the captain. Well then you
Speaker 1: just have to be a family four, that's right, because
Speaker 1: the captain's got to sit somewhere, right. Yeah, they got
Speaker 1: their little captain's chair. So everything was going quite swimmingly. Actually. Um,
Speaker 1: around the turn of the twentieth century, there there was.
Speaker 1: It was just widely assumed that we would have a
Speaker 1: future where blimps zeppelins were just a regular feature of
Speaker 1: the sky. Well they were up until the Hinderberg went down.
Speaker 1: There were more than two thousand flights carried um tens
Speaker 1: of thousands of passengers over a million miles. Like that
Speaker 1: was air travel, we should say, ultra wealthy passengers at
Speaker 1: the time. Um. The Hinderberg in particular was it was
Speaker 1: high class. It was the pride of Nazi Germany, and
Speaker 1: it was on its maiden voyage, wasn't it. It It was
Speaker 1: almost called the Hitler by the way, was it really? Yeah?
Speaker 1: But Hitler was like I don't want my name on
Speaker 1: that thing. Really yet not that he like foretold the few. Sure,
Speaker 1: he just didn't. I don't know. He just didn't want
Speaker 1: to him named after an airship. He didn't believe um
Speaker 1: Freud's idea that sometimes the cigar is just a cigar, yeah,
Speaker 1: or a cigar shaped airship is just a cigar shaped
Speaker 1: there and it crashed and burned too, So he was
Speaker 1: probably pretty stoked that he didn't have his name on it. Yeah.
Speaker 1: He very famously went who yeah when he heard the
Speaker 1: news exactly. So, uh, we should probably stopped making light
Speaker 1: of this nearly eighty year old tragedy because people did die,
Speaker 1: you know. Yeah, I mean, should we tell the story?
Speaker 1: All right? Well, it took off on May three, seven,
Speaker 1: had thirty six passengers and six officers and crew members
Speaker 1: and trainees, left Frankfort at about seven fifteen and then
Speaker 1: crossed out over the Atlantic at about two am the
Speaker 1: next day. It's not super fast travel. It was compared
Speaker 1: to the ship travel at the time. It was about
Speaker 1: it took about half the time to cross the Atlanta
Speaker 1: because it did in a boat. Yeah, But compared to
Speaker 1: what we're used to, you were just it was leisurely
Speaker 1: um and apparently after reading more about the Hindenburgh it's
Speaker 1: not as um, and I guess ship travel is sort
Speaker 1: of the same way, like we're going to get there
Speaker 1: when we get there, like we're heading, we're trying to
Speaker 1: get there and then, but you never know what's going
Speaker 1: to happen. Right, that's why they called them the leisure class.
Speaker 1: That's right. Uh. It follows followed a northern track across
Speaker 1: the ocean. Um eventually crossed uh into North America, over
Speaker 1: the coast of Newfoundland and arrived in lake Hurst, New
Speaker 1: Jersey about twelve hours late. And um, Germans, they're always late. Yeah,
Speaker 1: they're famous for it. And basically arrived there at the
Speaker 1: Naval air station and because of poor weather, the captain
Speaker 1: and the commanding officer on the ground said, you know what,
Speaker 1: the weather is not so great. Let's wait a little bit, um,
Speaker 1: because I can fly around forever in those things. And
Speaker 1: um he said, all right, well, the Jersey shore is nice.
Speaker 1: Let's just go fly about that and tell everyone to
Speaker 1: look around and look at all those old timey bathingsasically
Speaker 1: they're up to the ankles and water. Um. By six pm,
Speaker 1: conditions had improved and at six twelve he sent a
Speaker 1: message sand it's suitable for landing, recommended landing. Now about
Speaker 1: seven o eight, he finally pulled the blimp in. It
Speaker 1: was a bit of a dodgy approach, but he eventually,
Speaker 1: you know, got it down towards the ground pretty you know, uh, skillfully, which,
Speaker 1: as we'll see, it's not as easy as you'd think.
Speaker 1: Even though now easy, it's it's not in practice. No,
Speaker 1: they dropped the landing lines and then things went south
Speaker 1: like really fast. Yeah, but it was filled with hydrogen,
Speaker 1: which is the lightest element, right, Yeah, and uh it's
Speaker 1: also probably the most flammable or one of them. Yes,
Speaker 1: inflammable was a big error at the time. Um, a
Speaker 1: lot of blimps had caught on fire. This was not
Speaker 1: the first X event, and uh there was you know,
Speaker 1: people testified afterward because not everyone died. We'll get to
Speaker 1: the numbers here at the end of the story. But um,
Speaker 1: there was testimony that, um, it appeared as if gas
Speaker 1: was pushing against the cover. Maybe it escaped from a
Speaker 1: gas cell. The first visible flames appeared, and it varies,
Speaker 1: but most of witnesses say that the first flames are
Speaker 1: either at the top of the hall, uh, forward of
Speaker 1: the vertical fin or between the rear port uh engine
Speaker 1: in the port fin and they described it as a
Speaker 1: mushroom shaped flour and it pretty much engulfed the tail
Speaker 1: like right away, and it was able to remain steady
Speaker 1: for a little while. Like people could start jumping out
Speaker 1: at this point. Well, those are the people who died, correct, No,
Speaker 1: that's what I always heard, or that's what I have heard,
Speaker 1: is that the people who stayed in the gondola lived
Speaker 1: and the people who jumped were the ones that died
Speaker 1: because the flames, because hydrogen is light, they were burning upward.
Speaker 1: Well it says here basically it was all depended on
Speaker 1: where you were. If you were close to a means
Speaker 1: of exit, you generally survived. Um, if you were deep
Speaker 1: inside the ship, like in the power room along the keel,
Speaker 1: or in the smoking room. They had a smoking room
Speaker 1: in the Edinburgh. I'm supposed it wasn't all smoking with
Speaker 1: a big blimpful of hydrogen. Oh yeah, yeah, I thought
Speaker 1: it was not a good yet. They had apparently a
Speaker 1: double um air locked door, one electric lighter and um
Speaker 1: you were allowed to smoke as long as you put
Speaker 1: it out before you left. And um, so like I said,
Speaker 1: if you were in the smoking room on B deck,
Speaker 1: you're in big trouble. Um. If you were one of
Speaker 1: the nine men closest to the front of the ship,
Speaker 1: you definitely didn't survive. Yeah. So out of the ninety
Speaker 1: seven people on board sixty two survived. I think when
Speaker 1: you see the footage, I mean you can watch it
Speaker 1: on YouTube, it looks like, how on the world could
Speaker 1: anyone survive it? Because it goes I mean it's fully
Speaker 1: burned in less than a minute and on the ground. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it went up fast. But sixty two to survive, thirteen
Speaker 1: of the thirty six passengers and twenty two of the
Speaker 1: sixty one crew. And there's still two guys alive today
Speaker 1: checked as of two years ago. But they don't like
Speaker 1: to talk about it. I can imagine. Yeah, there's one experience.
Speaker 1: They're both named Verner Verner Franz and Werner Donor, the
Speaker 1: two Verners, and one was a little cabin boy and
Speaker 1: one was a passenger with his family, and uh, they
Speaker 1: were contacted for like the you know, the ceremony. I
Speaker 1: guess you don't call it an anniversary, I guess, uh memorial. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it just sounds like a party, you know. But they said, no,
Speaker 1: we're not coming. We don't like to talk about it. Yeah.
Speaker 1: So it's been a long standing mystery exactly what happened.
Speaker 1: And I found an article in the UK Independent from
Speaker 1: two thousand thirteen about a study from that year that
Speaker 1: found they said they they figured it out. They built
Speaker 1: like scale models of the Hindenburg, which was like two
Speaker 1: and a half football fields long by the way, They
Speaker 1: were building scale models that were like like sixty ft long,
Speaker 1: so good sized ones, and they tried to blow them
Speaker 1: up because there was a rumor that it was sabotage.
Speaker 1: You know that everybody hated the Nazis even then. Um
Speaker 1: and uh. They tried all all manners stuff, and what
Speaker 1: they finally figured out was that probably what happened was
Speaker 1: from being in that stormy weather, that exterior the envelope
Speaker 1: of the blimp became um electrified and when the ground
Speaker 1: crew ran up and grabbed the cables, they completed the
Speaker 1: current from the blimp to the ground, which caused a
Speaker 1: spark which actually um ignited a hydrogen leak that fire
Speaker 1: caused pushing out. Yeah. Yeah. One thing they say it
Speaker 1: definitely isn't which they long thought it was, was the
Speaker 1: actual fabric was like painted in this flammable stuff, and
Speaker 1: that's not true. It was the standard fabric, Okay, it
Speaker 1: was just a big balloon fill of hydrogen. Yeah, So
Speaker 1: when that happened, UM, the future of blimps were just
Speaker 1: pretty much like that was it for blimps. That wasn't
Speaker 1: the immediate end. But as far as like commercial blimp travel,
Speaker 1: that's tough for an industry to get over, so it
Speaker 1: kind of fell on the wayside, although they did continue
Speaker 1: on UM in a couple of forms. Up until the sixties.
Speaker 1: The US government, especially the Navy, maintained blimps. One of
Speaker 1: the UM I think that I guess the Air Force,
Speaker 1: I don't know is the Navy, but one of the
Speaker 1: branches of the U. S Military use blimps as UM
Speaker 1: giant aircraft carriers of the air, not not the sea,
Speaker 1: the air, which is pretty awesome. And apparently they had
Speaker 1: them so you could connect like a light plane to
Speaker 1: what's called like a trapeeze mechanism coming out of the
Speaker 1: bottom of the blimps and just like hook your plane on,
Speaker 1: climb up and say, hey, guys, where are we going?
Speaker 1: Or you can take off from there too. What, yes,
Speaker 1: how do you take off, you just drop. I think
Speaker 1: you just released the hook from the trap peas and
Speaker 1: started to free fall, and then you just go off
Speaker 1: into the distance and go thanks for the ride, lady.
Speaker 1: That sounds really weird. Um. And they had even bigger
Speaker 1: plans that were never realized because the Navy scrapped the
Speaker 1: program and I think nineteen two UM to have like
Speaker 1: a landing strip on top of the blimp, so you
Speaker 1: could have just like planes takeoff and land and then
Speaker 1: be stored like in the blimp, which would have been
Speaker 1: pretty awesome. Well, cargo airships are the wave of the future, perhaps,
Speaker 1: so we'll see. Yeah. So, but that was the military
Speaker 1: was involved in blimps for most of the first half
Speaker 1: of the twentieth century and then um, our friends a
Speaker 1: good Year came up with a blimp that has really
Speaker 1: served them well. Like they were making blimps for the military,
Speaker 1: and then um, they started using them for commercial purposes
Speaker 1: and everybody he knows about good Year thanks to those blimps. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and they're going to figure in here, of course, because
Speaker 1: you can't talk about blimps a lot without a ton
Speaker 1: of buzz marketing for good Year. Um. But you know
Speaker 1: that's where they make their name. In fact, my in
Speaker 1: laws almost wrote on the one based out of Akron
Speaker 1: because that's where they're from, and they I think he
Speaker 1: was going to put in a bid on a like
Speaker 1: an auction bid to win a trip Nate, and I
Speaker 1: think it never happened. The trip never happened. I think
Speaker 1: he either lost the bid. I'll have to ask him,
Speaker 1: but I don't think they ever wrote on the blimp. Okay,
Speaker 1: I was gonna say the trip never happened. That doesn't
Speaker 1: sound like the Good Year I know. No, No, they're
Speaker 1: very They're like the Germans. So they've got there's three,
Speaker 1: um Good Year blimps. Actually there's one and I believe Texas.
Speaker 1: There's one in California. There's one in Ohio or is
Speaker 1: it Florida California and Ohio is what it is. I'm sorry, Um,
Speaker 1: the spirit of good Year, the Spirit of America, the
Speaker 1: spirit of Innovation and Chuck. About the time this episode
Speaker 1: comes out, Robin Roberts, the TV personality, is going to
Speaker 1: be christening the newest member of the fleet, the wing
Speaker 1: foot one. Nice. So they're gonna have four, yeah, because
Speaker 1: there's a lot of sporting events there. Sure, and you
Speaker 1: can't watch a big sporting event without hearing the words. Uh.
Speaker 1: Aerial coverage provided by Goodyear and those shots. Man, they're
Speaker 1: pretty great. They really are. Haven't been around forever. It
Speaker 1: was I think an Orange Bowl in Miami where the
Speaker 1: first one was broadcast and what like the sixties maybe
Speaker 1: I don't know, something like that, and it changed America. Yeah,
Speaker 1: well it um certainly gives them a lot of press
Speaker 1: and saves well, I don't know about saves some money.
Speaker 1: Haven't seen their balance sheet, but it's they don't just
Speaker 1: spend money on that thirty second spot. They still do
Speaker 1: to tie into the blimp. But it's great advertising for them. Yeah. Um.
Speaker 1: They also were good sports in a movie called Black Sunday.
Speaker 1: Did you ever see that movie? Of course I never
Speaker 1: saw it. Um, but apparently the seventies they provided Um,
Speaker 1: they provided some of the footage for the movie, and UM,
Speaker 1: let their blimps be used, uh, and let their name
Speaker 1: be used even like it wasn't like the the good
Speaker 1: Wire blimp. You know, they didn't try to have to
Speaker 1: change it just enough. They used good Year, which made
Speaker 1: the whole thing even more terrifying and realistic. Yeah, they
Speaker 1: wanted to kill everyone at the Super Bowl. That was
Speaker 1: the plot, right, uh with a blimp right that shot darts,
Speaker 1: which is weird. But it was written by the guy
Speaker 1: who wrote Silence of the Lambs. Oh. Yeah, he's a
Speaker 1: good writer. Have you ever read any of his books?
Speaker 1: Oh he was the bookwriter. Oh no, I didn't know that. No,
Speaker 1: I haven't read any of Silence of the Way. He
Speaker 1: does very good research. Interesting guy. Um. Anyway, so good year,
Speaker 1: good year in the military. After the Hindenburg. That was
Speaker 1: the two cases of blimps. But like you said, there
Speaker 1: is potentially a future for blimps, which we'll talk about.
Speaker 1: But first, let's talk about how blimps work. Can enroll
Speaker 1: after these messages. So you want to know how blimps work, buddy,
Speaker 1: I do. They're pretty simple. This is the delight to
Speaker 1: learn because it was like, oh, I thought that would
Speaker 1: be just that little to it, and that's really kind
Speaker 1: of the case, right yeah. Yeah, there's not like oh
Speaker 1: and here's where it gets really hard. They're like the
Speaker 1: pontoon boats of this guy. Yeah. Like the most complicated
Speaker 1: thing on the blimp is probably the gyroscopic camera on
Speaker 1: the front of it to film the football stadium. I
Speaker 1: think you're right. Uh so, let's talk about the anatomy
Speaker 1: of a blamp you have. You mentioned the envelope earlier.
Speaker 1: That is the thing that you're looking at. That is
Speaker 1: key big cigar shaped balloon. It's filled nowadays with helium.
Speaker 1: It is that shape because of aero done amics, of course,
Speaker 1: and they are super lightweight and super strong. Like you
Speaker 1: were saying, neoprene to ply neoprene polyester generally, is that
Speaker 1: what the envelopes made of. There's a company UM called
Speaker 1: the I LC Dover Corporation. They make a lot of
Speaker 1: skins UM and they use the same material that they
Speaker 1: make UM space suits out of for NASA for blimps.
Speaker 1: Too good enough for Neil Armstrong, Buddy, good enough for
Speaker 1: my blimp. This is like all about Ohio. This one
Speaker 1: oh is here? Ohio? Yeah, yeah, let have done that
Speaker 1: so it was good here? No, No, I knew that, Um,
Speaker 1: so were your in laws. That's right. The envelopes they
Speaker 1: hold UM and it depends on the blimps for all
Speaker 1: of these statistics, of course, but between sixty seven thousand
Speaker 1: and two hundred and fifty thousand cubic feet of helium
Speaker 1: and UM, it's not super The pressure is really low
Speaker 1: inside point zero seven pounds per square inch. So that's
Speaker 1: why if you shot a blimp, it wouldn't like fall, No,
Speaker 1: just leak very slowly and you just land it and
Speaker 1: patch it up. I guess, yeah, very slowly. Yeah. British
Speaker 1: Ministry of Defense fired hundreds of bullets into an airship
Speaker 1: just for fun, well, not to see what if it
Speaker 1: would could be shot down in battle basically, and it
Speaker 1: took many hours to deflate and land. So cool. And
Speaker 1: they don't even deflate them, they just leave them that
Speaker 1: way so that they're natural structure will not natural, but
Speaker 1: their original structure UM prevents them from being shot down.
Speaker 1: That's one big benefit. Because I was wondering about that.
Speaker 1: I was like, you're just providing a target for every
Speaker 1: teenager with a gun in any country that you hover
Speaker 1: a blimp over. UM. Now I understand. But secondly, as
Speaker 1: we'll see, it also has to do with the dynamics
Speaker 1: of the flight of UM hovering in the atmosphere. UM.
Speaker 1: So you've got the envelope, and the envelope also has
Speaker 1: something called nose cone battons, which is basically like a
Speaker 1: support structure for the nose the front of it. Just
Speaker 1: the very very tip and it keeps the the the
Speaker 1: the blimps front from being mashed in as it moves forward,
Speaker 1: which is pretty smart. Yeah, I think I misspoke. The
Speaker 1: nose cone is on just the very tip, and then
Speaker 1: the batons are like the fingers that distribute the stress
Speaker 1: over the front of the conetch. Okay, so they're like
Speaker 1: the the the structure that comes out of the nose, right,
Speaker 1: and then also on the nose as the mooring. Um
Speaker 1: hook because you got to hook a blimp up to something. Yeah,
Speaker 1: it's got a little spindle there and um, it's got
Speaker 1: a little wheel under the tail rudder and that's basically
Speaker 1: how it sits. You just tie it down, very simple. Um,
Speaker 1: just like a balloon. That's right. So there's here's where
Speaker 1: it gets a little craftier, like nineteen century crafty, but
Speaker 1: still neat. Nonetheless, Um, there's something called balonetts, right, and
Speaker 1: these are basically air bladders that are located within the
Speaker 1: envelope and you inflate or deflate them depending on whether
Speaker 1: you want the blimp to go up or down. If
Speaker 1: you wanted to go up, you deflate these ballonets. You
Speaker 1: wanted to go down, you inflate them. And the reason
Speaker 1: that works is because you're inflating or you're inflating these
Speaker 1: ballonets with air and helium, which blimps fly using now
Speaker 1: is lighter than air. So more air means the blimps heavier,
Speaker 1: so it goes down. Less air means it's lighter, so
Speaker 1: it goes up. Yeah, it's pretty easy. It's sort of
Speaker 1: like how a submarine operates. Um. And there's one in
Speaker 1: the four and one in the aft. So that's how
Speaker 1: you control your trim. You can just knows it up
Speaker 1: or knows it down, filling up or deflating. That's the
Speaker 1: pitch axis, that's right, or trim Okay, Well, the trim
Speaker 1: is the levelness okay. And the axis where the nose
Speaker 1: and the back go up and down, that's the trim axis.
Speaker 1: Or no, the pitch axis right yeah, okay, no one
Speaker 1: can see you not in agreement, okay, um chuck. Then
Speaker 1: there's the caternary curtain and the suspension cables, which I
Speaker 1: didn't get the caternary curtain really I understood. The suspension
Speaker 1: cable is just fine. Uh. It's on the on the
Speaker 1: inside about thirty off center. Um. And it basically if
Speaker 1: you look, it sort of looks like the where you
Speaker 1: attach the basket to the hot air balloon. They all, um,
Speaker 1: you know, there's a number of these lines that run
Speaker 1: down and I'll meet at a single point, um near
Speaker 1: the gondola, right, and that's what you attach the gondola
Speaker 1: to the blimp using right. Yeah. So basically, if if
Speaker 1: you if the blimp envelope wasn't there, it would sort
Speaker 1: of look like a hot air balloon. It would have
Speaker 1: these lines that run up from the gondola a k.
Speaker 1: A basket up to the top. So they would be
Speaker 1: like the um vertical lines are the horizontal lines. Okay,
Speaker 1: I understand exact amundo. Um. Then you've got the really
Speaker 1: technical stuff, the flight control surfaces everything we've just described
Speaker 1: as basically balloons, and then the structure that gives the
Speaker 1: balloon it's shape, right, and then um, the flight control
Speaker 1: services are basically a rudder and elevators and they're the
Speaker 1: things that you can control to make the balloon tilt
Speaker 1: upward or side to side. That's pretty much it. Yeah,
Speaker 1: there's that one rudder on the top and bottom and
Speaker 1: that controls your yaw and you do it with little
Speaker 1: If you look at the captain's chair. He's got little
Speaker 1: little foot pedals. It's like a clutch pedal you would
Speaker 1: put in, push in, and um. On the bottom, very
Speaker 1: bottom back of the rudder, there's something called a boost
Speaker 1: tab and that's just a little additional sectioned off piece
Speaker 1: of the rudder that's also controllable. It's like a little
Speaker 1: mini rudder and um. It assists with the rudder I
Speaker 1: think to make an even tighter turn. So if you
Speaker 1: imagine just the smaller rudder as part of the main rudder,
Speaker 1: just to give you that extra boost I guess when
Speaker 1: you need to turn. Uh. And then there's two elevators
Speaker 1: and a UM. If you are sitting in your little
Speaker 1: captain's chair, imagine a car steering wheel placed vertically like
Speaker 1: by your side. And that's just a wheel that you
Speaker 1: turn up and turn down. It's really very basic. It
Speaker 1: sounds like the Wizard of Oz to the curtain, like
Speaker 1: all the machineries messing with and it looks very steampunky
Speaker 1: when you look at it. Huh. So you steer up
Speaker 1: or down with that wheel and uh, that's pretty much it.
Speaker 1: Oh no, don't forget the engines. Oh well, yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean as far as like driving this puppy. Yeah, the
Speaker 1: flight control. Yeah, this is what separates it from hot
Speaker 1: air balloons. Don't forget the engines, No, the hot the well, yeah,
Speaker 1: the engines, but also the flight control services. But the
Speaker 1: engines are turbo prop engines. Right, there's twin ones, which
Speaker 1: means there's two, one on each side of the gondola
Speaker 1: at the rear. And they're pretty cool because they propeled
Speaker 1: the thing forward, but very cleverly. There's also something called
Speaker 1: air scoops that are basically these funnels that face the
Speaker 1: back of the turbo prop and they catch the vented
Speaker 1: air out of the props and they use those to
Speaker 1: inflate the ballonets. Yeah, it's called prop wash. This is
Speaker 1: all the lingo I've learned. That's good stuff. Uh. And
Speaker 1: the engines are just six cylinder engines. Like I said that,
Speaker 1: you don't need a ton of power to power these things.
Speaker 1: And you can go at about thirty to seventy This
Speaker 1: says miles per hour, not knots. So how about that
Speaker 1: and seventies cruising apparently, like fifty is where you want
Speaker 1: to be get this. I did the calculations. So one
Speaker 1: of the um one of the great advantages blimps have,
Speaker 1: which is the reason we're even talking about these things,
Speaker 1: anybody's talking about still making blimps, is that they can
Speaker 1: stay aloft for days, weeks, even um, which gives them
Speaker 1: a huge advantage over airplanes which have to stop and
Speaker 1: refuel and stop and refuel. But going seventy miles per
Speaker 1: hour chuck, a blimp NonStop at that rate could travel
Speaker 1: the circumference of the Earth around the equator in fourteen days. Wow,
Speaker 1: that enough fuel? Yeah, which I think it's not very hard. No,
Speaker 1: they at thirty knots. The sky ship, which is just
Speaker 1: one example, UM, consumes about eight gallons of fuel per hour,
Speaker 1: so apparently during an entire week of operations it consumes
Speaker 1: less fuel than a seven sixties seven commercial jet uses
Speaker 1: to move away from the gate. So it's super green,
Speaker 1: which is kind of cool. You can understand why cargo
Speaker 1: companies are looking at them too. Yeah, and that's it
Speaker 1: runs on av gas of course, not just regular old gas.
Speaker 1: You couldn't pull it up to a gas station like
Speaker 1: your car, because I think AV gas is still leaded,
Speaker 1: or a lot of it is. Oh and that's the
Speaker 1: dif that's not that cream. Yeah, true, but they're not
Speaker 1: burning much of it. Uh, So let's see what else
Speaker 1: is there. The valves, you've got to be able to
Speaker 1: let air in and out. You also want to be
Speaker 1: able to air in and out of the envelope itself
Speaker 1: in case things become too pressurized. You don't wanted to pop. Yeah,
Speaker 1: that's true. So you've got your air valves for the
Speaker 1: um for the bladders inside, and they are underneath, uh
Speaker 1: to tow up front, two in the back. And then
Speaker 1: you have your helium valve and you can either vent
Speaker 1: it and you don't have to do this much because
Speaker 1: you should have it pretty like the pressure set um.
Speaker 1: But if something does happen, you can either manually do
Speaker 1: it or it's set to automatically release. And if you
Speaker 1: look at the Goodyear blimp, it's sort of in the
Speaker 1: y of a year. Wow little it just looks like
Speaker 1: a little gas cap. You really know you're blimps? Man? Well,
Speaker 1: I mean I went to the good Year site. It's awesome.
Speaker 1: You can like there's all sorts of animated gifts and
Speaker 1: or is it gifts? I never could yeah? Yeah, graphic interface. Yeah,
Speaker 1: but there is a correct way. I just don't know
Speaker 1: what it is. Well, the guy who created gifts says,
Speaker 1: he pronounces it Jeff. Oh. It kind of throws a
Speaker 1: wrench in the works, but I disagree with him. Morgellons
Speaker 1: give the Goodyear blimp. Gondola, which is where we are now,
Speaker 1: is twenty two point seven five ft long. It is
Speaker 1: aluminum on welded steel frame, and that's where everyone rides. Um.
Speaker 1: Depending on your blimp, it's gonna hold up to well.
Speaker 1: It depends on how big the blimp is, but usually
Speaker 1: you don't see a blimp with more than twelve passengers
Speaker 1: or so. Yeah, and it's not even necessarily passengers. The
Speaker 1: gondola can also be the place where it holds all
Speaker 1: of the surveillance equipment to depending on what you use
Speaker 1: it for. Or it can also be the massive cargo hold. Yeah,
Speaker 1: and you've got your communications up there, your flight surface controls,
Speaker 1: any KNAB equipment, UM propeller controls. That's where all the
Speaker 1: there's there's not much else to it besides what what
Speaker 1: you got there in the gondola. What's funny is UM,
Speaker 1: I always thought blimps were basically like know, you you
Speaker 1: get the blimp in the air and it takes off,
Speaker 1: and then that's it, but it's it's at least with
Speaker 1: good Year. It's kind of like, um got helicopter parents
Speaker 1: almost because when the blimp. When you see the blimp,
Speaker 1: if you look around, you'll also find a ground crew
Speaker 1: with a bus, uh eighteen wheeler and a bunch of
Speaker 1: vans that follow it everywhere because I guess those things
Speaker 1: break down. Yeah, and apparently the pilots to their f
Speaker 1: A certified and Goodyear pilots also have another training program.
Speaker 1: But the pilots are even it's all sort of everyone
Speaker 1: is cross trained. It sounds like to work on the
Speaker 1: ground or make repairs and um yeah, it's like a
Speaker 1: little self contained unit all just traveling around together like
Speaker 1: a like anato chasers right. Oh, and you talked about
Speaker 1: um the end. You know, if they just took off
Speaker 1: and floated around, if the engines did stop, that's exactly
Speaker 1: what you're doing. You're basically a hot air balloon at
Speaker 1: that point, so you lose control of the flight service controls. Yeah, well,
Speaker 1: I mean if it's they call it a free balloon,
Speaker 1: so it's buoyant um and it's kept aloft obviously, But
Speaker 1: if they lose all the power, then all you can
Speaker 1: do is ascend and descend because I think I guess
Speaker 1: the rudders and the elevators are also powered mechanisms. I got,
Speaker 1: it's not just attached to a cable, attached to a
Speaker 1: pedal attached to a wheel. That the guys next to
Speaker 1: it sounds like it is though, And as far as
Speaker 1: weather goes, they compare it to roughly operating is about
Speaker 1: as similar as a helicopter. Like we can fly in
Speaker 1: bad weather, um, but we try to avoid super bad weather. Yeah.
Speaker 1: I don't blame them, sure, because I mean that's not fun.
Speaker 1: You want to be above the Rose Bowl in like
Speaker 1: seventy degree weathers. Yeah, So coming up, we're gonna talk
Speaker 1: about how blimps fly, and then also the feature of
Speaker 1: blimps and if there is such a thing after this,
Speaker 1: so chuck. The way blimps flies pretty simple and beautiful
Speaker 1: and elegant, if you ask me. Yeah. Yeah, So you
Speaker 1: have helium, right, which is they used to use hydrogen.
Speaker 1: Helium slightly heavier than um hydrogen, but not that much more.
Speaker 1: You don't notice a difference, I would guess. Yeah, I
Speaker 1: mean you get why they use hydrogen. They weren't dummies, right,
Speaker 1: It was lighter than air. The lightest of all the
Speaker 1: gases of all the elements from what I understand, um.
Speaker 1: And when hydrogen blew up, they said, okay, not hydrogen.
Speaker 1: What else do we have? And they said, well, helium works,
Speaker 1: and so they started using helium. And helium has a
Speaker 1: lift of lift capacity of point seventy pounds per square
Speaker 1: foot right, which is one point one kilograms per square
Speaker 1: meter um, which means it can lift a pretty decent
Speaker 1: amount of wait for just a little bit amount, And
Speaker 1: since they're filling these balloons with hundreds of thousands of
Speaker 1: cubic feet or cubic meters of these um of helium,
Speaker 1: they can look tons and tons of weight, and they
Speaker 1: do it by just simple physics. Since helium is lighter
Speaker 1: than air. As long as the helium has enough lifting
Speaker 1: power to lift whatever the envelope and the gondola and
Speaker 1: all of the mechanisms way, then it will rise more
Speaker 1: than the air. It will rise into the air. It's
Speaker 1: called positive buoyancy. And what you want as a blent
Speaker 1: pilot is neutral buoyancy. So that's why you're gonna control,
Speaker 1: like we talked about your air bladders to uh get
Speaker 1: that thing where it's Once you've got your cruising altitude.
Speaker 1: You just want to be at the same level you
Speaker 1: yet and you want to fill it up by blowing
Speaker 1: exhaust into your air scoops which fill up your balonets.
Speaker 1: And the higher you get into the atmosphere, the less
Speaker 1: pressure there is, which means the higher up you could
Speaker 1: float conceivably, So you want to make sure you get
Speaker 1: that air in so you don't just float away, and
Speaker 1: you achieve is it negative buoyancy or neutral buoyancy? You said, yeah,
Speaker 1: that's what you want. And then when you want to land,
Speaker 1: you did you just the opposite um You fill it
Speaker 1: up with even more air and then you make the
Speaker 1: blimp heavier than the helium inside can lift and it
Speaker 1: just slowly comes down to the ground. And I mean
Speaker 1: that's it. That's how blimps rise and fall. Yeah, it
Speaker 1: is pretty simple. And when they're on the ground, they
Speaker 1: just tie it to that little spindle. You've got your
Speaker 1: little wheel under the rear. You got a little tractor
Speaker 1: to tow it around, maybe a hanger. And uh, that's
Speaker 1: the life of a blimp. And it, like I said,
Speaker 1: they don't inflate and deflate these. I'm sure it's a
Speaker 1: time and expense. Uh, and I think they're running out
Speaker 1: of helium too. Didn't we learn that? Yeah, do you
Speaker 1: know much about that? Well, we we covered it, and uh,
Speaker 1: the I probably the Mars Turbine episode Mars Turbine. Well,
Speaker 1: I read a really interesting article and I think the
Speaker 1: New Republic, I can't remember. I found it online last night,
Speaker 1: and um, it's about the helium shortage and why we
Speaker 1: have a helium shortage. And apparently the US has had
Speaker 1: a reserve, a strategic helium reserve since in a cave
Speaker 1: in Texas, and apparently during the Clinton era, the government said,
Speaker 1: let's make some money off of this, or let's make
Speaker 1: our money back off of it, so they passed it
Speaker 1: all that said, start selling this stuff off Bureau of
Speaker 1: Land Management, but only make enough money off of it
Speaker 1: to recoup whatever we've put into it over the years,
Speaker 1: which is like one billion dollars. So they started selling it,
Speaker 1: and by setting the price artificially, they created an artificial market.
Speaker 1: Because this is like eight of the world's helium reserves
Speaker 1: in this cave in Texas. So whatever the BLM was
Speaker 1: selling it for, that's how much the market value was.
Speaker 1: But it was artificial, so you had artificially cheap helium
Speaker 1: flooding the market, which had a two pronged effect. One,
Speaker 1: it led to these scarcities that we're running into now
Speaker 1: because they just started selling it off in a fire
Speaker 1: sale the private industry. But the other more positive effect
Speaker 1: it had was that it spurred all of this technological
Speaker 1: innovation because nuclear magnetic resonance, the technology behind m ri
Speaker 1: I superconductivity UM molecular analysis, uses helium two super cool
Speaker 1: magnets to turn them into superconductors, right, So you need
Speaker 1: helium for that. So all these industries were using this
Speaker 1: helium from the Bureau of Land Management to like advanced
Speaker 1: technology by leaps and bounds, which is one of the
Speaker 1: big reasons why we are where we are right now
Speaker 1: technologically speaking because of helium. But now we're starting to
Speaker 1: run out. There's I think nine billion cubic feet of
Speaker 1: helium left in the reserve of in Texas, which is
Speaker 1: about a third of what they had when they started
Speaker 1: selling it off in the nineties, which would be fine
Speaker 1: if we just clamped it out and said, okay, this
Speaker 1: is a reserve again. But instead, for some reason, the
Speaker 1: government just doubled down and issued another decree to the
Speaker 1: beer of lamb. Management is like, keep selling this stuff.
Speaker 1: Let's just get rid of all of it for no
Speaker 1: good reason. I don't understand why. Interesting, like it made
Speaker 1: sense in the nineties maybe, and it had all these
Speaker 1: great effects, but now it's like, okay, we understand that
Speaker 1: helium is literally irreplaceable. As the article put it, like
Speaker 1: there's once there's no helium. There's no helium, Like we
Speaker 1: can't go get it anywhere else for manufacturer, and we
Speaker 1: have no technology to recycle it. I wonder what the
Speaker 1: reason is. I guess money private industry has a lot
Speaker 1: of interest in it, and there's good interest to like
Speaker 1: using it for m RIS or pharmaceutical research or that
Speaker 1: kind of parties. Well that's the thing. So med, the
Speaker 1: med and pharma sectors used of helium worldwide. Welding uses
Speaker 1: seventeen percent because they use heli in the weld. Party
Speaker 1: balloons equals eight percent of worldwide helium use. I have
Speaker 1: a feeling that party balloons are going to go the
Speaker 1: way of the dinosaur very soon, if they haven't already.
Speaker 1: And half of that is the stoner kid who operates
Speaker 1: the helium tank just talking funny. Yeah, So that's the
Speaker 1: helium shortage. That's the skinny on it. So that I
Speaker 1: wonder if there's any other gas they could use for blimps.
Speaker 1: I don't know. It seems like a giant waste. Or
Speaker 1: I wonder if they couldn't, like do like a hybrid
Speaker 1: so it's fueled by hot air like a balloon. Huh,
Speaker 1: probably wouldn't. I don't know. Yeah, I don't know either.
Speaker 1: H Well, I guess we are at the future then
Speaker 1: in the future, and depending on who you ask, the
Speaker 1: future of airships is either super exciting and awesome and
Speaker 1: when you look at these they are, or it's not
Speaker 1: going to be funded enough to really um, there's not
Speaker 1: a lot of money being pumped into it. Well, the
Speaker 1: government was for a little while with the Afghanistan war.
Speaker 1: The Department of Defense was like, give us new blimps.
Speaker 1: We want these things now. And all these companies ran
Speaker 1: in and we're like, here's your blimps, here's your blimps,
Speaker 1: give us some money. The problem is is the whole
Speaker 1: program got scrapped because nobody could fulfill the enormous orders
Speaker 1: the d D was placing four helium Well that makes sense, uh,
Speaker 1: And the military is interested because they basically, um, could
Speaker 1: be uh a satellite function as a satellite like a
Speaker 1: ten thou fot satellite. Yeah, pretty much. Um. There are
Speaker 1: people doing it though. Lockheed Martin has a pet one
Speaker 1: UM that is super cool looking. It is a try hall.
Speaker 1: If you look at it from the front, it looks
Speaker 1: sort of like three blimps squashed together. Um. And it
Speaker 1: has four big it looks like feet these disc shaped
Speaker 1: cushions that apparently for landing and these are also cool.
Speaker 1: There's um an the one in California from Worldwide Aeroscorp
Speaker 1: called the Dragon Dream. Yeah, and it's different look and
Speaker 1: it sort of looks like a whale shark. Did you
Speaker 1: see it. It's a single hull, I guess, but it's
Speaker 1: sort of kind of flattened out. Um. Yeah, it looks
Speaker 1: like a whale shark. They they actually submitted that design
Speaker 1: to the d o D and when the d D
Speaker 1: scraped the program. Um, they bought their design back because
Speaker 1: they want to go commercial like cargo carrier with it. Yeah.
Speaker 1: And they're in trouble though because the Dragon died well
Speaker 1: it had a roof collapse and a hangar. Yeah, and
Speaker 1: they don't know if they have the money to even
Speaker 1: fix it. And then continue, well, they have another model
Speaker 1: called the mL eight sixties six that it sounds like
Speaker 1: they're putting their energy into. It's supposedly can carry two
Speaker 1: and fifty tons, which is more than twice the cargo
Speaker 1: payload of a cargo seven seventy s twice. And again
Speaker 1: you mentioned how little fuel it takes to power these things.
Speaker 1: So it'll take a little while for you to get
Speaker 1: your package, But the company shipping it as going to
Speaker 1: spend too much money delivering it. I still say, if
Speaker 1: it's a military like to use as a cargo plane,
Speaker 1: I know you can't shoot a hole in it, but
Speaker 1: what if you launched a surface to air missile at it?
Speaker 1: You know, it's still pull a helium. That's it doesn't
Speaker 1: sound like I don't know. They're so high up there
Speaker 1: you can't the fact that we have satellites and drones.
Speaker 1: It seems to me like the surveillance uses of blimps
Speaker 1: or preposterous, especially considering that we could be using that
Speaker 1: helium for medical purposes instead. You know, I agree you
Speaker 1: got anything else on blimps? Got nothing else? Um, I
Speaker 1: got one other thing. If you were fascinated by the
Speaker 1: um the way blimps float. I think it's cool for
Speaker 1: some reason. I did a brain stuff video about that.
Speaker 1: You can calculate how many balloons it would take, like
Speaker 1: regular party balloons to lift yourself into the sky, and
Speaker 1: I made a video about it. So you go to
Speaker 1: a brain stuff show dot com and check it out. Uh.
Speaker 1: And if you want to read this article, you can
Speaker 1: go to how stuff worst dot com. Type in how
Speaker 1: blimps work and it will bring it up. And I said,
Speaker 1: how stuff works, I think So that means it's time
Speaker 1: for listener mail. I'm gonna call this uh sterilizing addicts.
Speaker 1: Remember that Old One did a show on whether or
Speaker 1: not it's legal to sterilize addicts. It turns out it is, Yeah,
Speaker 1: and that's the thing. Uh. And this is from someone
Speaker 1: who had a personal uh stake in it. Um. It's long,
Speaker 1: but I'm gonna edit it in my head as I go. Hey, guys,
Speaker 1: just recently listen to your podcast and sterilation sterilization of
Speaker 1: addicts had a personal story to share. Um. Until my
Speaker 1: mother is a fully recovered heroin addict and I'm grateful
Speaker 1: just to be alive. Until I was six, she was
Speaker 1: only an alcoholic. However, drug addiction set in fast. My mother,
Speaker 1: brother and myself, along with whatever scumbag boyfriend she had
Speaker 1: at the time. We're constantly on the run from the police,
Speaker 1: looking for shelter and searching for food. My father is
Speaker 1: an upper middle class blue collar worker who always had
Speaker 1: a sound home environment. When my mother was sent to
Speaker 1: prison when I was ten, I was sent to live
Speaker 1: with my father. Always had food, to shower and clean clothes.
Speaker 1: Was never in fear for being homeless. UH. I live
Speaker 1: with my father for three years until I finally ran away.
Speaker 1: Once I regained contact with my mother, my father, even
Speaker 1: with his financial support, instability was never there, even though
Speaker 1: he was only a few feet away. My mother, even
Speaker 1: while on drugs, always listened and always cared about my
Speaker 1: thoughts and feelings, and that was what was important as
Speaker 1: a child. My mother eventually overcame her addictions cold turkey
Speaker 1: because she could see it was damaging to me and
Speaker 1: my brother. She's been clean for eleven years now and
Speaker 1: as an amazing mother, an amazing grandmother to my nephew.
Speaker 1: I like to believe that seeing the harder side of
Speaker 1: life made me appreciate UH such things and be more
Speaker 1: humble and responsible. UH and fearful of what could happen
Speaker 1: if I slipped or did not take care of myself.
Speaker 1: I don't want to be the poster child for children
Speaker 1: of addicts. Whoever, I do believe that we are all
Speaker 1: and control of our own lives. Uh. And that is
Speaker 1: anonymized as Cornelius Jacobs the seventh, Corney Jake seven, Yeah,
Speaker 1: he said, yeah, you can read it, and I said,
Speaker 1: all anonymious anonymous size it is there some sort of
Speaker 1: name anonymizer on the internet now, he said, please do
Speaker 1: just make it something awesome like Cornelius Jacobs the seventh.
Speaker 1: That's great and that's a cool PS. I've been secretly
Speaker 1: wanting Jerry to be the Tyler Dirton of your podcast.
Speaker 1: What that even means? Like made up? But like we
Speaker 1: think she's real, but she's not. Okay, are you real, Jerry?
Speaker 1: Jerry says, no, Nope, that answers that Cornelius Jacobs the
Speaker 1: seventh and you read the Roman numerals correctly, Chuck this time,
Speaker 1: good going be I. I UH. If you want to
Speaker 1: get in touch with me and Chuck to tell us
Speaker 1: any story like Cornelius Jacobs the seventh, UM, please do
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