1 00:00:04,120 --> 00:00:07,120 Speaker 1: Get in touch with technology with tech Stuff from how 2 00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:14,360 Speaker 1: stuff Works dot com. Hey there, and welcome to tech Stuff. 3 00:00:14,400 --> 00:00:17,799 Speaker 1: I'm your host, Jonathan Strickland. I'm an executive producer with 4 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:19,880 Speaker 1: How Stuff Works and I heart radio and allow of 5 00:00:19,920 --> 00:00:24,000 Speaker 1: all things tech. And today it's time for another classic episode. 6 00:00:24,000 --> 00:00:29,400 Speaker 1: This episode originally aired on April two thousand twelve, and 7 00:00:29,440 --> 00:00:34,280 Speaker 1: it's called Tech Stuff Counts Some Number Stations. This was 8 00:00:34,360 --> 00:00:39,479 Speaker 1: one of those fun, creepy topics that Chris and I 9 00:00:39,520 --> 00:00:42,519 Speaker 1: tackled in the early days of tech Stuff, one that 10 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:47,240 Speaker 1: I found absolutely fascinating and more than a little unnerving. 11 00:00:47,640 --> 00:00:52,559 Speaker 1: I hope you guys enjoy. So the topic we're covering 12 00:00:53,080 --> 00:00:56,840 Speaker 1: is numbers stations, which actually comes to us courtesy of 13 00:00:56,920 --> 00:01:01,680 Speaker 1: some feedback we received on Facebook, which I fortunately, due 14 00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,440 Speaker 1: to my computer being silly right now, I cannot pull up. However, 15 00:01:07,080 --> 00:01:11,000 Speaker 1: this is Facebook feedback asking us to cover numbers stations. 16 00:01:11,040 --> 00:01:14,040 Speaker 1: And you may wonder, oh, my, Drew Geese, what a 17 00:01:14,160 --> 00:01:18,080 Speaker 1: number stations is? Things being so scory and people being 18 00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:22,280 Speaker 1: quick to forget. That's that's like a double reference right there, 19 00:01:22,319 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: since I throw in some clockwork orange. So here's what 20 00:01:26,120 --> 00:01:29,760 Speaker 1: a number station is. It is a radio station. Using 21 00:01:29,800 --> 00:01:35,200 Speaker 1: shortwave radio that blasts out a transmission, usually at a 22 00:01:35,319 --> 00:01:42,440 Speaker 1: very regular interval, that normally has some sort of tone 23 00:01:42,760 --> 00:01:45,640 Speaker 1: or even music to it, followed by a series of 24 00:01:45,720 --> 00:01:50,840 Speaker 1: numbers spoken in sort of a semi monotone voice, sometimes 25 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:54,080 Speaker 1: an automated voice, in fact, very often an automated voice. 26 00:01:54,680 --> 00:01:58,040 Speaker 1: And it's just a seemingly random string of numbers that 27 00:01:58,160 --> 00:02:02,560 Speaker 1: have no particular context or meaning to them, and it 28 00:02:02,640 --> 00:02:07,440 Speaker 1: has created quite a kind of a well a hobbyist 29 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:10,560 Speaker 1: dream come true really for people who like mysteries, because 30 00:02:10,960 --> 00:02:15,280 Speaker 1: there's no official explanation as to what these stations are 31 00:02:15,800 --> 00:02:19,280 Speaker 1: and why why these numbers are being broadcast. Here's what 32 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:22,800 Speaker 1: we know. No, I'm kidding. Now, let's go to what 33 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:28,600 Speaker 1: we can speculate on. Um. We do know that official 34 00:02:28,639 --> 00:02:32,680 Speaker 1: governments have there. There's no official government that has spoken 35 00:02:32,760 --> 00:02:34,320 Speaker 1: up and said, oh, yeah, we did that. Yeah. The 36 00:02:34,360 --> 00:02:40,520 Speaker 1: closest was a Czechoslovakian official who acknowledge receipt of a 37 00:02:40,600 --> 00:02:43,840 Speaker 1: message about numbers stations, but did not It did not 38 00:02:43,960 --> 00:02:46,200 Speaker 1: go so far as to actually say what the number 39 00:02:46,240 --> 00:02:48,880 Speaker 1: station was, what it was for. It essentially was just 40 00:02:48,919 --> 00:02:51,280 Speaker 1: that I got your message. That was pretty much it. 41 00:02:51,520 --> 00:02:54,720 Speaker 1: The check is in the mail. There you go. But gosh, 42 00:02:54,760 --> 00:02:56,600 Speaker 1: I can't believe you're waiting an entire time for me 43 00:02:56,639 --> 00:03:01,560 Speaker 1: to shut up, So you can use that. Uh, however, uh, 44 00:03:01,600 --> 00:03:06,400 Speaker 1: there are fewer now than their word during the Cold War. Yeah, 45 00:03:06,480 --> 00:03:10,280 Speaker 1: and they started the height of they started appearing during 46 00:03:10,320 --> 00:03:14,160 Speaker 1: the World wars. So world War One, Yeah, not not. 47 00:03:14,280 --> 00:03:17,000 Speaker 1: You know, this is the early part of the earlier 48 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:19,480 Speaker 1: part of the twentieth century. Yeah, first, first couple of 49 00:03:19,520 --> 00:03:21,920 Speaker 1: decades of the twentieth century, that's when they start popping up. 50 00:03:21,960 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 1: So let's talk a little bit about about why a 51 00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:28,560 Speaker 1: number station is even possible before we get into what 52 00:03:28,639 --> 00:03:30,760 Speaker 1: they were and what they sound like and all that 53 00:03:30,840 --> 00:03:34,480 Speaker 1: kind of stuff. So first, they are short wave radio, 54 00:03:34,680 --> 00:03:37,200 Speaker 1: which we have talked about on a previous podcast many 55 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:39,600 Speaker 1: many years ago. Yeah, we'll do a quick we'll do 56 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:44,440 Speaker 1: a quick refresher course. So technically, a short wave is 57 00:03:44,480 --> 00:03:47,480 Speaker 1: a is a radio wave with a wavelength shorter than 58 00:03:47,520 --> 00:03:52,360 Speaker 1: two hundred meters twos wavelength would have a frequency of 59 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:57,960 Speaker 1: around hurts uh, and it's typically these these radio waves 60 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:01,040 Speaker 1: are used to broadcast voice and music, but also for 61 00:04:01,160 --> 00:04:04,040 Speaker 1: long distance communication. The reason that you can have long 62 00:04:04,080 --> 00:04:07,040 Speaker 1: distance communication is that these wavelengths are at sort of 63 00:04:07,040 --> 00:04:09,120 Speaker 1: a sweet spot when it comes to the way the 64 00:04:09,160 --> 00:04:13,400 Speaker 1: Earth works. So the Earth has the ionosphere, you know, 65 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:18,560 Speaker 1: that surrounds it, binds it, and penetrates it. For no 66 00:04:18,680 --> 00:04:22,159 Speaker 1: ionosphere just surrounds the Earth. And if you were to 67 00:04:22,279 --> 00:04:26,040 Speaker 1: aim a short wave radio frequency at the ionosphere, uh, 68 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:30,360 Speaker 1: the ionosphere would refract that frequency and it would beam 69 00:04:30,440 --> 00:04:34,320 Speaker 1: back down to Earth. So by bouncing it effectively off 70 00:04:34,400 --> 00:04:37,559 Speaker 1: the ionosphere, you can send a radio signal much further 71 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:40,520 Speaker 1: than you could if it were to just broadcast out 72 00:04:40,839 --> 00:04:45,360 Speaker 1: and radiate out from a tower. Yes, So with this 73 00:04:45,400 --> 00:04:49,240 Speaker 1: in mind, with this long distance communication ability, it has 74 00:04:49,720 --> 00:04:53,760 Speaker 1: opened up opportunities for lots of different applications. And you know, 75 00:04:53,800 --> 00:04:58,119 Speaker 1: you'll hear about amateur radio enthusiasts who will just they'll 76 00:04:58,160 --> 00:05:01,720 Speaker 1: they'll use their their radios to dial in and listen 77 00:05:02,160 --> 00:05:04,320 Speaker 1: to the various broadcasts that go out there. And that's 78 00:05:04,400 --> 00:05:08,280 Speaker 1: really how number stations were discovered. It was mainly hobbyists 79 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:11,800 Speaker 1: who as they were scanning the different bands and listening 80 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:14,200 Speaker 1: to what was out there, they were coming across these 81 00:05:14,960 --> 00:05:20,039 Speaker 1: very odd sort of transmissions. And um, before I get 82 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:24,040 Speaker 1: too far, I should say the the whole refraction by 83 00:05:24,040 --> 00:05:27,040 Speaker 1: the ionosphere. There's a specific name for that kind of 84 00:05:27,080 --> 00:05:31,840 Speaker 1: transmission that I love. I love this term skywave propagation. 85 00:05:33,240 --> 00:05:36,600 Speaker 1: It's a cool term. Right. So, yeah, you've got these 86 00:05:36,600 --> 00:05:39,200 Speaker 1: hobbists who are listening in and they would come across 87 00:05:40,279 --> 00:05:45,800 Speaker 1: a very unusual and frankly pretty creepy kind of transmission 88 00:05:45,800 --> 00:05:49,120 Speaker 1: in some cases. And uh, I think we even have 89 00:05:49,839 --> 00:05:52,440 Speaker 1: an example that we can listen to. So let's let's 90 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:55,720 Speaker 1: take a quick listen to what a typical number station 91 00:05:55,920 --> 00:05:59,720 Speaker 1: might sound like if you were to tune in on 92 00:05:59,760 --> 00:06:15,160 Speaker 1: a shortwave radio kind of gets you right here done. 93 00:06:15,839 --> 00:06:18,560 Speaker 1: If by the by right here you mean now I'm 94 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:20,960 Speaker 1: looking over my shoulder and waiting for someone to break 95 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:23,159 Speaker 1: into the room. Yeah, that's pretty much what I'm thinking. 96 00:06:23,279 --> 00:06:26,240 Speaker 1: There is something particularly creepy about hearing kind of a 97 00:06:27,320 --> 00:06:31,240 Speaker 1: almost and almost like a harmonic. It sounds like there's 98 00:06:31,279 --> 00:06:33,400 Speaker 1: been some harmonic supplied in some cases, like it's an 99 00:06:33,400 --> 00:06:36,280 Speaker 1: automated voice or whatever, but hearing something like that monotone 100 00:06:36,360 --> 00:06:40,480 Speaker 1: just delivering number after number, and then they really repetitious 101 00:06:40,640 --> 00:06:44,560 Speaker 1: music that was used to introduce these So what could 102 00:06:44,600 --> 00:06:46,400 Speaker 1: these be? And there's been a lot of people who 103 00:06:46,680 --> 00:06:51,000 Speaker 1: have suggested what number stations might be all about, Um, 104 00:06:51,520 --> 00:06:55,039 Speaker 1: you know, the everything from it could just be uh 105 00:06:55,200 --> 00:07:00,240 Speaker 1: stuff for people who are surveying areas for for cartography 106 00:07:00,279 --> 00:07:04,000 Speaker 1: and that kind of thing, but that doesn't seem likely. 107 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:06,160 Speaker 1: Of No one is taking credit for it, not at all. 108 00:07:06,240 --> 00:07:10,560 Speaker 1: So that's our cartography channel that has led to uh 109 00:07:10,760 --> 00:07:14,040 Speaker 1: to some not so much conspiracy theories. It really does 110 00:07:14,160 --> 00:07:17,320 Speaker 1: boil down to, well, if you're just broadcasting numbers with 111 00:07:17,400 --> 00:07:20,680 Speaker 1: no other context, why could you possibly be doing that for? 112 00:07:21,000 --> 00:07:24,520 Speaker 1: And one of the explanations is that it's a a 113 00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:28,800 Speaker 1: way to communicate two spies to undercover operatives who might 114 00:07:28,880 --> 00:07:33,440 Speaker 1: be uh invested in some foreign country, perhaps one that 115 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:38,880 Speaker 1: is unfriendly to the the the country of origin and 116 00:07:40,520 --> 00:07:43,280 Speaker 1: so there. And when we say there's number stations, there 117 00:07:43,280 --> 00:07:45,720 Speaker 1: are number of stations all over the world, and they're 118 00:07:45,760 --> 00:07:49,520 Speaker 1: broadcasting pretty much all the languages that you might expect. 119 00:07:49,560 --> 00:07:52,000 Speaker 1: They would be in the major languages of the world. 120 00:07:52,200 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 1: So it's not just that, you know, it's not just 121 00:07:54,040 --> 00:07:57,440 Speaker 1: one country that's doing this. There there's multiple countries that 122 00:07:57,480 --> 00:08:00,880 Speaker 1: are doing it. And UH so this speculation is that 123 00:08:00,880 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 1: this is these are messages they're sent to government spies. 124 00:08:04,920 --> 00:08:09,440 Speaker 1: UH and these. You know, the governments aren't admitting to 125 00:08:09,520 --> 00:08:14,440 Speaker 1: it for for pretty understandable reasons. I would say, well, 126 00:08:14,440 --> 00:08:18,000 Speaker 1: if you or any of your team has captured, the 127 00:08:18,040 --> 00:08:22,040 Speaker 1: government will disavow any knowledge of this operations, message will 128 00:08:22,080 --> 00:08:25,760 Speaker 1: self destructed. Fifteen seconds. Don't count us out yet. We 129 00:08:25,840 --> 00:08:28,360 Speaker 1: still have a bit more to say about counting stations. 130 00:08:28,400 --> 00:08:31,640 Speaker 1: But first let's take a quick break to thank our sponsor. 131 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:43,600 Speaker 1: The So these messages, the numbers those, that's a code, 132 00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:47,800 Speaker 1: it's an it's encoded message. Form of cryptography that is 133 00:08:47,840 --> 00:08:52,319 Speaker 1: called the the the one pad note yeah, or or 134 00:08:52,400 --> 00:08:57,040 Speaker 1: one time pad yeah. Um yeah. I'm interested in cryptography, 135 00:08:57,360 --> 00:09:00,320 Speaker 1: uh and have been reading about it for many years. 136 00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:03,360 Speaker 1: And this is not exactly a new thing. It doesn't 137 00:09:03,400 --> 00:09:05,960 Speaker 1: even require the use of a computer. I mean, we 138 00:09:06,040 --> 00:09:10,800 Speaker 1: talked about cryptography on many podcasts at different levels. Um 139 00:09:10,880 --> 00:09:15,200 Speaker 1: and we even got into quantum cryptography, which is supposedly unbreakable, 140 00:09:15,520 --> 00:09:19,280 Speaker 1: although I've seen reports recently that it may not necessarily 141 00:09:19,320 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: be unbreakable. Well, one time pads are technically unbreakable if 142 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:28,000 Speaker 1: you follow the right procedure right because basically, um and 143 00:09:28,040 --> 00:09:30,320 Speaker 1: they were called pads because at one time they were 144 00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:33,480 Speaker 1: and probably still are a pad. So this pad is 145 00:09:33,520 --> 00:09:37,560 Speaker 1: generated like a pad of paper. You uh write down 146 00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,199 Speaker 1: your message and encode it on this paper using the 147 00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:43,199 Speaker 1: tool um. And it's a one time thing. And there's 148 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:46,640 Speaker 1: a part of the key is embedded in the message, 149 00:09:46,800 --> 00:09:50,679 Speaker 1: so that tells the recipient use page. Well, let's just 150 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:53,240 Speaker 1: go for a reference here, use page sixteen of your pad. 151 00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:56,040 Speaker 1: And that way, uh, you know, you write down the 152 00:09:56,040 --> 00:09:57,840 Speaker 1: message in the pad that you can decode it on 153 00:09:57,880 --> 00:10:01,040 Speaker 1: that page and and that then becomes useless. You can't 154 00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:04,080 Speaker 1: use it again. Yeah, you then destroy that page. So 155 00:10:04,160 --> 00:10:08,280 Speaker 1: here's here's how here's how it works. Let's say that 156 00:10:08,400 --> 00:10:10,920 Speaker 1: I want to send a message to Chris, and I 157 00:10:10,960 --> 00:10:14,520 Speaker 1: want to use this this one time pad method. All right, 158 00:10:14,600 --> 00:10:17,400 Speaker 1: So we would each have a pad that would have 159 00:10:17,679 --> 00:10:23,120 Speaker 1: a string of random letters across each line, all right, 160 00:10:23,559 --> 00:10:25,640 Speaker 1: And let's say we group them in in groups of five, 161 00:10:25,679 --> 00:10:28,880 Speaker 1: because that's pretty common of four or five. So we'll 162 00:10:28,880 --> 00:10:31,000 Speaker 1: say we have groups of five letters. And these letters 163 00:10:31,040 --> 00:10:34,280 Speaker 1: are truly random in that we've had some sort of 164 00:10:34,360 --> 00:10:36,560 Speaker 1: well as close to truly random as we can get. 165 00:10:36,800 --> 00:10:38,920 Speaker 1: We've had some sort of random number generator that has 166 00:10:38,960 --> 00:10:42,320 Speaker 1: picked random letters, and it's just that we each have 167 00:10:42,400 --> 00:10:46,600 Speaker 1: a copy of that output. So Chris's string of random 168 00:10:46,679 --> 00:10:49,320 Speaker 1: letters is the same as my string of random letters. 169 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:54,080 Speaker 1: And then I write down my message in normal text, 170 00:10:54,480 --> 00:10:58,360 Speaker 1: and I write my normal letters above the letters of 171 00:10:58,520 --> 00:11:02,680 Speaker 1: the that's that's in the key. Then I convert my 172 00:11:02,880 --> 00:11:07,040 Speaker 1: letters into numbers. So let's say that an A equals zero, 173 00:11:07,400 --> 00:11:12,120 Speaker 1: and a B equals one, and a C equals Three's 174 00:11:12,120 --> 00:11:13,880 Speaker 1: not going to take them very long to pick this 175 00:11:13,880 --> 00:11:15,920 Speaker 1: one apart. No, it's going to take them a long 176 00:11:16,000 --> 00:11:19,720 Speaker 1: time because here's the here's the that's just that. All 177 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:23,880 Speaker 1: that is is just uh, it's just a simple substitution cipher. Right, 178 00:11:24,280 --> 00:11:26,480 Speaker 1: But here's the tricky part. So then I take my key, 179 00:11:27,160 --> 00:11:30,319 Speaker 1: all right, and I convert all of those letters to numbers. 180 00:11:31,080 --> 00:11:33,280 Speaker 1: That's when it gets harder. And then I add the 181 00:11:33,280 --> 00:11:36,480 Speaker 1: two numbers together, all right, So I add the I 182 00:11:36,559 --> 00:11:39,480 Speaker 1: add the number from my first letter. So let's say 183 00:11:39,480 --> 00:11:41,959 Speaker 1: that my first letter is H. Because I I write, 184 00:11:41,960 --> 00:11:45,840 Speaker 1: hey there, Chris, I take the number from H. Yeah really, 185 00:11:46,240 --> 00:11:49,080 Speaker 1: why not? All right? You know, hey there, Chris, there's 186 00:11:49,080 --> 00:11:52,480 Speaker 1: a rusky on your tail. That's that's my message. So 187 00:11:52,880 --> 00:11:55,760 Speaker 1: H is because I'm going back to the Cold War 188 00:11:56,240 --> 00:11:58,720 Speaker 1: so so H, we would convert H to a number, 189 00:11:59,080 --> 00:12:01,000 Speaker 1: and then we look at the first letter in the key. 190 00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:02,480 Speaker 1: Let's say that the first letter in the key is 191 00:12:02,480 --> 00:12:04,440 Speaker 1: an M. Well, that M is going to have its 192 00:12:04,480 --> 00:12:07,120 Speaker 1: own number of value. We add the H and the 193 00:12:07,320 --> 00:12:10,560 Speaker 1: M values together and then we convert that into a 194 00:12:10,600 --> 00:12:13,760 Speaker 1: new letter. So, if it's anything up to if we 195 00:12:13,880 --> 00:12:16,199 Speaker 1: if A is zero, if it's anything up to twenty five, 196 00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:20,240 Speaker 1: then that's the letter that we would pick. If it's 197 00:12:20,280 --> 00:12:24,520 Speaker 1: over twenty five, then we just use number twenty six 198 00:12:24,600 --> 00:12:27,200 Speaker 1: counts as zero. Again, so the number twenty six would 199 00:12:27,200 --> 00:12:29,240 Speaker 1: be an A, twenty seven would be a B, twenty 200 00:12:29,280 --> 00:12:31,320 Speaker 1: eight would be a C. So we go up there 201 00:12:31,360 --> 00:12:35,280 Speaker 1: and we we put in whatever the substitute letter will be. Well, 202 00:12:36,559 --> 00:12:39,000 Speaker 1: the only way to know what the original letter is 203 00:12:39,000 --> 00:12:41,560 Speaker 1: is if you have that one time pad in front 204 00:12:41,600 --> 00:12:44,800 Speaker 1: of you where you take the value of the letter 205 00:12:45,120 --> 00:12:49,600 Speaker 1: that is uh, the represented letter, the ciphered letter. You 206 00:12:49,679 --> 00:12:53,120 Speaker 1: subtract the value of the key from the ciphered letter, 207 00:12:53,520 --> 00:12:56,000 Speaker 1: and that gives you the value of the original letter, 208 00:12:56,840 --> 00:13:00,000 Speaker 1: and then you can convert that into the original letter. 209 00:13:00,240 --> 00:13:05,760 Speaker 1: So the process of coding and decoding is pretty painstaking 210 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:09,360 Speaker 1: because you know you have to you have to convert 211 00:13:09,400 --> 00:13:12,880 Speaker 1: all the letters to values, add and then make new letters. 212 00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:15,800 Speaker 1: But the nice thing is is that because as long 213 00:13:15,800 --> 00:13:18,920 Speaker 1: as you keep that that string of letters that acts 214 00:13:18,920 --> 00:13:22,040 Speaker 1: as your key truly random, and that you don't repeat letters, 215 00:13:22,320 --> 00:13:24,800 Speaker 1: so that you don't or you don't repeat strings, like 216 00:13:24,840 --> 00:13:26,800 Speaker 1: you don't go to the end of a page and 217 00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:29,240 Speaker 1: then start at the top again. As long as you 218 00:13:29,280 --> 00:13:33,840 Speaker 1: avoid that, it is impossible to crack that without without 219 00:13:33,880 --> 00:13:37,960 Speaker 1: getting possession of one of those pads. So that's where 220 00:13:38,000 --> 00:13:41,360 Speaker 1: we talk about. If you follow this correctly, it is unbreakable. 221 00:13:41,440 --> 00:13:44,640 Speaker 1: The correctly. By correctly we mean you you have truly 222 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:49,240 Speaker 1: random string for your key, you do not repeat the key, 223 00:13:49,320 --> 00:13:51,960 Speaker 1: and you do not let the key fall into the 224 00:13:52,000 --> 00:13:55,319 Speaker 1: wrong hands. As long as that happens, it is unbreakable. 225 00:13:56,360 --> 00:13:59,800 Speaker 1: So it's kind of like when we talked about the 226 00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:04,280 Speaker 1: the the various ways of ciphering. You know, there always 227 00:14:04,320 --> 00:14:07,240 Speaker 1: seems to be some way to crack the code. In 228 00:14:07,240 --> 00:14:09,960 Speaker 1: this case, unless you have physical possession of the pad 229 00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:13,120 Speaker 1: or if someone uses a key that repeats, it's just 230 00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:19,960 Speaker 1: not practical. So that's that's the basis for the secret messages. 231 00:14:20,520 --> 00:14:24,560 Speaker 1: Um what those secret messages are. We can't say, because again, 232 00:14:24,640 --> 00:14:28,000 Speaker 1: unless someone gets hold of one of those pads, then 233 00:14:28,320 --> 00:14:31,520 Speaker 1: it is it's just meaningless numbers. I mean, you could 234 00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:34,000 Speaker 1: convert those two letters, but all that's going to do 235 00:14:34,080 --> 00:14:38,080 Speaker 1: is give you the product of those those two like 236 00:14:38,120 --> 00:14:41,080 Speaker 1: the original message and the key. Without having the key, 237 00:14:41,480 --> 00:14:44,080 Speaker 1: you can't figure out what the original messages. We've got 238 00:14:44,080 --> 00:14:46,600 Speaker 1: a little bit more to count on, but before we 239 00:14:46,680 --> 00:14:49,720 Speaker 1: get there, we're gonna take another quick break to thank 240 00:14:49,760 --> 00:15:02,920 Speaker 1: our sponsor. Now, UM, it is likely to that the well, 241 00:15:02,960 --> 00:15:06,360 Speaker 1: we talked about that in the Enigma machine, how the 242 00:15:07,040 --> 00:15:09,840 Speaker 1: German codes during World War Two were broken down into 243 00:15:09,920 --> 00:15:15,360 Speaker 1: those UM five letter combinations UM as an added layer 244 00:15:15,520 --> 00:15:19,640 Speaker 1: of security. These these combinations stand in for other words too, 245 00:15:20,400 --> 00:15:23,480 Speaker 1: So it is possible that you know, even if you 246 00:15:23,560 --> 00:15:25,800 Speaker 1: did break the code, you would also have to have 247 00:15:25,800 --> 00:15:29,320 Speaker 1: the book that explains what these these letter combinations mean. 248 00:15:30,000 --> 00:15:33,320 Speaker 1: But UM still would never Well, that's what I'm saying 249 00:15:33,360 --> 00:15:36,840 Speaker 1: if if you for some reason, if you maybe right, 250 00:15:37,160 --> 00:15:39,200 Speaker 1: or if they use a repeating key, because if they 251 00:15:39,280 --> 00:15:42,120 Speaker 1: use a repeating key, then it would take a lot 252 00:15:42,160 --> 00:15:44,680 Speaker 1: of animal you would have to analyze the heck out 253 00:15:44,680 --> 00:15:48,000 Speaker 1: of the message. But you could potentially start detecting patterns. Well, 254 00:15:48,000 --> 00:15:50,960 Speaker 1: that's what broke the enigma exactly, because they were they 255 00:15:50,960 --> 00:15:54,200 Speaker 1: got lazy, lazy, and they started using repeating keys as 256 00:15:54,200 --> 00:15:56,440 Speaker 1: opposed to using a key that just doesn't repeat, which 257 00:15:56,440 --> 00:15:58,520 Speaker 1: would have been impossible to crack. So it's just an 258 00:15:58,840 --> 00:16:02,240 Speaker 1: added layer of uh security. That's that just makes it 259 00:16:02,360 --> 00:16:05,400 Speaker 1: much more difficult. So they do these repetitions over and 260 00:16:05,480 --> 00:16:09,760 Speaker 1: over again. Um and it's uh. The thing is, the 261 00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:14,240 Speaker 1: the tone and the style of the broadcasts is really 262 00:16:14,240 --> 00:16:17,720 Speaker 1: really creepy, especially when you add that spy layer in 263 00:16:17,800 --> 00:16:20,680 Speaker 1: your head to it. You start going, this message is 264 00:16:20,680 --> 00:16:24,760 Speaker 1: not intended for me, and and somebody could be doing something. 265 00:16:25,400 --> 00:16:27,080 Speaker 1: You know, I could be listening, well, this is what 266 00:16:27,160 --> 00:16:29,400 Speaker 1: I think, you know, I'm you know, listening to it. 267 00:16:29,440 --> 00:16:31,360 Speaker 1: Going I could be listening to a message that tells 268 00:16:31,360 --> 00:16:34,080 Speaker 1: somebody to kill somebody else, right, this could be a 269 00:16:34,120 --> 00:16:37,480 Speaker 1: message saying to like And then think about this. You 270 00:16:37,560 --> 00:16:40,600 Speaker 1: hear those messages and then maybe a week later, you 271 00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:43,920 Speaker 1: hear about some massive political event that takes place in 272 00:16:43,960 --> 00:16:46,640 Speaker 1: the country, and you think, is there any connection to 273 00:16:46,720 --> 00:16:49,080 Speaker 1: what I heard? And what just happened is what I 274 00:16:49,120 --> 00:16:54,320 Speaker 1: heard was that was that ah essentially a prediction for 275 00:16:54,400 --> 00:16:57,760 Speaker 1: what actually unfolded, and yeah, it's it's kind of I mean, 276 00:16:57,800 --> 00:17:01,080 Speaker 1: it is definitely creepy. And there are a lot of 277 00:17:01,120 --> 00:17:05,320 Speaker 1: really cool names for these various broadcasts, some of which 278 00:17:05,320 --> 00:17:09,560 Speaker 1: are named after the music that they use. Yeah, and again, um, 279 00:17:09,600 --> 00:17:13,480 Speaker 1: in some cases you could kind of some of them, 280 00:17:13,520 --> 00:17:16,960 Speaker 1: the station's sort of semi identify themselves, and others I 281 00:17:17,000 --> 00:17:19,199 Speaker 1: think are given sort of like the stars, you know, 282 00:17:19,880 --> 00:17:23,640 Speaker 1: or viruses. They're given the names of their discoverers want 283 00:17:23,720 --> 00:17:27,040 Speaker 1: to name them. Yeah, so there's um, there's One of 284 00:17:27,080 --> 00:17:31,360 Speaker 1: the famous ones is the Lincolnshire Poacher. Yeah, which was 285 00:17:31,359 --> 00:17:33,919 Speaker 1: was featured not too long ago as of the recording 286 00:17:33,920 --> 00:17:37,160 Speaker 1: of this podcast. On another podcast called The Skeptics Guide 287 00:17:37,200 --> 00:17:39,680 Speaker 1: to the Universe, they have a little feature where it's 288 00:17:39,720 --> 00:17:44,480 Speaker 1: called Who's that Noisy? And they which which is named 289 00:17:44,480 --> 00:17:46,320 Speaker 1: after one of the one of the hosts has a 290 00:17:46,400 --> 00:17:49,200 Speaker 1: daughter who would say who's that noisy? As in what's 291 00:17:49,240 --> 00:17:52,359 Speaker 1: making that noise? Right? So anyway, Who's that Noisy is 292 00:17:52,400 --> 00:17:55,320 Speaker 1: the name of the segment where they'll play a sound 293 00:17:55,400 --> 00:17:58,000 Speaker 1: file and it's the listeners job to try and figure 294 00:17:58,000 --> 00:18:00,320 Speaker 1: out what that sound file is, and they play the 295 00:18:00,400 --> 00:18:05,560 Speaker 1: little musical, Uh, prelude that would happen before the numbers 296 00:18:05,680 --> 00:18:09,800 Speaker 1: broadcast on the number station Lincolnshire poacher do do do 297 00:18:09,800 --> 00:18:11,600 Speaker 1: Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do Do do do 298 00:18:11,600 --> 00:18:15,120 Speaker 1: doo And it's really creepy when you hear it over 299 00:18:15,160 --> 00:18:21,080 Speaker 1: and over again. Um And anyway, that particular broadcast has 300 00:18:21,119 --> 00:18:25,160 Speaker 1: been linked to Cyprus, to the Royal Air Force based 301 00:18:25,200 --> 00:18:28,480 Speaker 1: on Cyprus, and is believed, though there's no proof because 302 00:18:28,480 --> 00:18:30,800 Speaker 1: there's no one actually coming out and saying this is true, 303 00:18:31,240 --> 00:18:34,680 Speaker 1: that it was operated by the British Secret Intelligence Service 304 00:18:35,160 --> 00:18:38,560 Speaker 1: out of Cyprus. Now that particular station is no longer active. 305 00:18:39,320 --> 00:18:42,600 Speaker 1: I think it stopped broadcasting in neither two or two 306 00:18:42,600 --> 00:18:45,480 Speaker 1: thousand nine. But there are a few others that also 307 00:18:46,080 --> 00:18:50,639 Speaker 1: were pretty famous. Cherry Ripe, there's a song Cherry Ripe, 308 00:18:50,680 --> 00:18:53,840 Speaker 1: another British folk song which was a station somewhere in 309 00:18:53,880 --> 00:18:58,560 Speaker 1: Australia or Australia if you prefer. There's Swedish Rhapsody, which 310 00:18:58,600 --> 00:19:01,480 Speaker 1: is possibly the freepious thing I have ever heard in 311 00:19:01,520 --> 00:19:05,399 Speaker 1: my life, which is a there's a glockenspield that's playing 312 00:19:06,160 --> 00:19:10,520 Speaker 1: and a ace. The voice is clearly that of a 313 00:19:10,600 --> 00:19:15,359 Speaker 1: female child reading out numbers in Germany and you just 314 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:18,280 Speaker 1: hear this Glockenspield play and then this little girl reading 315 00:19:18,280 --> 00:19:21,720 Speaker 1: out numbers in German, and it is you can't help 316 00:19:21,720 --> 00:19:25,200 Speaker 1: but feel a deep sense of foreboding. But then there's 317 00:19:25,240 --> 00:19:29,760 Speaker 1: also other ones called like the Mad Violinist and the 318 00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:43,600 Speaker 1: Boardman because apparently it's just for two seven eight that 319 00:19:43,680 --> 00:19:45,840 Speaker 1: that's kind of how I would be, Like like day one, 320 00:19:45,880 --> 00:19:48,280 Speaker 1: I'd be all creepy, and day two I'd be you know, 321 00:19:48,440 --> 00:19:54,600 Speaker 1: less creepy, and day three I just be like three six, 322 00:19:56,840 --> 00:20:01,399 Speaker 1: What am I gonna have for dinner tonight? For I 323 00:20:01,440 --> 00:20:05,159 Speaker 1: gotta pick up the dry leading to read the message 324 00:20:05,160 --> 00:20:08,960 Speaker 1: you're not getting anything for dinner. Um, yeah, there are 325 00:20:09,000 --> 00:20:12,040 Speaker 1: there are a number of places number UM where you 326 00:20:12,119 --> 00:20:14,760 Speaker 1: can if you don't happen to have a short wave radio, 327 00:20:15,000 --> 00:20:18,880 Speaker 1: where you can pick up on these. Um the Internet 328 00:20:18,960 --> 00:20:24,240 Speaker 1: archive of course, which collects all sorts of strange and 329 00:20:24,359 --> 00:20:28,480 Speaker 1: esoteric things. UM. There are many many recordings that you 330 00:20:28,520 --> 00:20:32,720 Speaker 1: can listen to on there. And actually the first place 331 00:20:32,760 --> 00:20:36,040 Speaker 1: that I encountered these was in an article in Wired magazine, 332 00:20:36,160 --> 00:20:39,959 Speaker 1: which I went back and revisited UM for for this, 333 00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:45,320 Speaker 1: and they were categorizing this Russian station UVB seventy six, 334 00:20:45,920 --> 00:20:48,640 Speaker 1: which had been broadcasting essentially the same thing for many, 335 00:20:48,720 --> 00:20:53,840 Speaker 1: many years until one day it stopped and then started again, 336 00:20:54,119 --> 00:20:56,600 Speaker 1: and then stopped again, and then you could hear so 337 00:20:56,800 --> 00:21:00,639 Speaker 1: it sounded like somebody in the room with the microphone, uh, 338 00:21:00,680 --> 00:21:05,280 Speaker 1: you know, just you know, too creepy stuffling stuff and 339 00:21:05,800 --> 00:21:09,000 Speaker 1: banging around. And then it started broadcasting something else, and 340 00:21:09,000 --> 00:21:13,480 Speaker 1: and they changed the call numbers at the station to 341 00:21:13,600 --> 00:21:15,720 Speaker 1: something entirely different. It makes me wonder if the guy 342 00:21:15,760 --> 00:21:18,320 Speaker 1: was just asking for toilet paper and it finally arrived, 343 00:21:19,040 --> 00:21:22,840 Speaker 1: he's like, now blue jeans, blue ge Well you can 344 00:21:22,880 --> 00:21:26,560 Speaker 1: you can still listen to this at UVB dash seven 345 00:21:26,640 --> 00:21:30,040 Speaker 1: six dot net and you can go and visit that 346 00:21:30,440 --> 00:21:32,840 Speaker 1: website and they will tell you. The enthusiasts who keep 347 00:21:32,880 --> 00:21:36,919 Speaker 1: track of these things will will share information about the 348 00:21:36,920 --> 00:21:41,520 Speaker 1: station and what it changed too, but very very weird stuff. Well, 349 00:21:41,600 --> 00:21:43,159 Speaker 1: I think is funny is that a lot of the 350 00:21:43,160 --> 00:21:46,639 Speaker 1: people who are following numbers stations, who really have a 351 00:21:46,640 --> 00:21:50,600 Speaker 1: passion for listening to them and finding them on on 352 00:21:50,640 --> 00:21:54,800 Speaker 1: shortwave radio, they don't want to have the mystery solved 353 00:21:55,040 --> 00:21:57,360 Speaker 1: because it would mean their hobby would be over. Well, 354 00:21:57,359 --> 00:22:01,240 Speaker 1: I mean it even um and formation about this. This 355 00:22:01,280 --> 00:22:05,000 Speaker 1: is kind of something that is operated for so many years. Uh, 356 00:22:05,040 --> 00:22:07,720 Speaker 1: if you will pardon the radio punt under the radar. 357 00:22:08,280 --> 00:22:10,479 Speaker 1: I mean, it's it's not something that the general public 358 00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:14,919 Speaker 1: knew anything about up until the last handful of years, 359 00:22:14,960 --> 00:22:16,800 Speaker 1: which is kind of ironic considering it was going on 360 00:22:16,880 --> 00:22:20,120 Speaker 1: through the Cold War and before that, and and and 361 00:22:20,160 --> 00:22:24,080 Speaker 1: now after most of it has stopped anyhow. Uh. It 362 00:22:24,160 --> 00:22:27,000 Speaker 1: even made an appearance in an episode of Lost. I understand. 363 00:22:27,040 --> 00:22:29,480 Speaker 1: I never was really much of a fan of the show, 364 00:22:29,560 --> 00:22:32,480 Speaker 1: but I think it's cool that they put that into 365 00:22:32,520 --> 00:22:36,840 Speaker 1: the show's UM storyline, that there was a number station 366 00:22:36,920 --> 00:22:40,600 Speaker 1: involved with uh, with the plot line UM, and of 367 00:22:40,640 --> 00:22:44,320 Speaker 1: course that was about codes and code breaking and creepiness 368 00:22:44,400 --> 00:22:49,040 Speaker 1: and all sorts of stuff, so it fit right in. UM. 369 00:22:49,080 --> 00:22:52,320 Speaker 1: So yeah, I mean it's it's fascinating. But the people 370 00:22:52,320 --> 00:22:56,600 Speaker 1: who watched Lost, you know, wanted the mystery to unravel 371 00:22:57,359 --> 00:23:00,560 Speaker 1: over time. They didn't want it solved immediately. And I 372 00:23:00,560 --> 00:23:04,160 Speaker 1: think for for the people who followed they these number stations, 373 00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:06,520 Speaker 1: it's the same kind of thing. They don't and you 374 00:23:06,600 --> 00:23:10,159 Speaker 1: kind of want to know. But then I don't know, 375 00:23:10,160 --> 00:23:12,240 Speaker 1: if you've ever read a book where you didn't want 376 00:23:12,320 --> 00:23:15,280 Speaker 1: the story to end, and you just stopped reading because 377 00:23:15,480 --> 00:23:17,520 Speaker 1: you just enjoyed the fact that it was still going on, 378 00:23:17,560 --> 00:23:19,320 Speaker 1: and you didn't really want to know quite what was 379 00:23:19,359 --> 00:23:21,359 Speaker 1: going on, although you knew it had an end and 380 00:23:21,480 --> 00:23:24,960 Speaker 1: somebody was behind it. I don't want to know, So 381 00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:29,000 Speaker 1: I've done that many times, or slowed very very slow 382 00:23:30,200 --> 00:23:33,439 Speaker 1: way down, you know, um, because you don't want to 383 00:23:33,440 --> 00:23:36,960 Speaker 1: find out, because then you know your fun ends. So 384 00:23:38,359 --> 00:23:43,760 Speaker 1: I don't know very interesting stuff. Jonathan has been researching 385 00:23:43,840 --> 00:23:46,800 Speaker 1: something as we're talking, and he's got this mysterious look 386 00:23:46,800 --> 00:23:52,159 Speaker 1: on his face. Yeah. Yeah, no, creepy, I'm saying it 387 00:23:52,200 --> 00:23:58,080 Speaker 1: is creepy. Uh yeah, I mean these are These are 388 00:23:58,119 --> 00:24:02,680 Speaker 1: definitely one of those things that I hope stick around 389 00:24:02,720 --> 00:24:06,400 Speaker 1: just for the sake of perpetuating this kind of air 390 00:24:06,440 --> 00:24:09,000 Speaker 1: of mystery, because you think about it, you're like, Okay, 391 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:11,240 Speaker 1: first of all, let me get this clear. Our world 392 00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:15,040 Speaker 1: is amazing and the universe is astounding. But even so, 393 00:24:15,160 --> 00:24:17,240 Speaker 1: there are days where you feel like you're living in 394 00:24:17,280 --> 00:24:20,640 Speaker 1: a pretty mundane kind of existence, and then you find 395 00:24:20,680 --> 00:24:23,720 Speaker 1: out about number stations and you're like, there's a whole 396 00:24:23,800 --> 00:24:27,760 Speaker 1: level operating just under the surface that I've always suspected 397 00:24:27,840 --> 00:24:31,000 Speaker 1: but never really proven, and now I know there's something 398 00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:34,000 Speaker 1: to it. Then you're like, hey, our world is amazing again. 399 00:24:34,400 --> 00:24:36,440 Speaker 1: By the way, our world is amazing, whether there's number 400 00:24:36,480 --> 00:24:38,439 Speaker 1: stations or not. It's just that occasionally we have to 401 00:24:38,440 --> 00:24:43,880 Speaker 1: be reminded of it. Puppies boom. Alright, so shout out 402 00:24:43,880 --> 00:24:47,639 Speaker 1: to the parent company. Uh, guys, that kind of wraps 403 00:24:47,720 --> 00:24:49,640 Speaker 1: up our discussion on number stations. I wish we could 404 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,600 Speaker 1: tell you more, but frankly, there's just nothing official. We 405 00:24:52,720 --> 00:24:55,080 Speaker 1: can't you know, we we can speculate all we like, 406 00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:58,719 Speaker 1: but we can't really, uh say for sure. Now, I 407 00:24:58,720 --> 00:25:01,560 Speaker 1: think I think it's fair, really safe to say that 408 00:25:01,680 --> 00:25:05,840 Speaker 1: if these are encoded messages, which I can't imagine them 409 00:25:05,880 --> 00:25:09,120 Speaker 1: being anything else, I think it's improbable that they're not. Yeah, 410 00:25:09,600 --> 00:25:11,760 Speaker 1: it's hard to it's hard to come up with a 411 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:14,280 Speaker 1: set of circumstances where sus a string of numbers isn't 412 00:25:14,320 --> 00:25:17,840 Speaker 1: meaningful in any other way that if they are encoded messages, 413 00:25:17,920 --> 00:25:23,159 Speaker 1: that this is some form of espionage. I mean, at 414 00:25:23,200 --> 00:25:27,240 Speaker 1: least some form of secret communication. And it's one way. 415 00:25:27,320 --> 00:25:29,520 Speaker 1: I mean, these are broadcasts that are going out. It's 416 00:25:29,560 --> 00:25:32,760 Speaker 1: not that we're receiving answers from from another one. It's 417 00:25:32,760 --> 00:25:36,000 Speaker 1: also I mean, they're they're regular, they're they're broadcast usually 418 00:25:36,000 --> 00:25:38,640 Speaker 1: at regular intervals, like on the hour or on every 419 00:25:38,880 --> 00:25:42,280 Speaker 1: quarter hour or whatever. So you know, I think it's 420 00:25:42,280 --> 00:25:45,320 Speaker 1: pretty safe to say these are some form of of 421 00:25:45,560 --> 00:25:52,200 Speaker 1: espionage communication. And that wraps up our episode about number stations. Boy, 422 00:25:52,359 --> 00:25:57,879 Speaker 1: those things are super interesting and creepy. And if you 423 00:25:58,440 --> 00:26:01,600 Speaker 1: ever really want to go down rabbit hole, do a 424 00:26:01,760 --> 00:26:04,920 Speaker 1: search for number stations. There are lots of recordings out there, 425 00:26:05,320 --> 00:26:08,199 Speaker 1: and they all are pretty unsettling. It's kind of like 426 00:26:08,280 --> 00:26:12,119 Speaker 1: the stuff you would hear in a Blumhouse horror movie, 427 00:26:12,640 --> 00:26:14,800 Speaker 1: So make sure you go and check those out if 428 00:26:14,840 --> 00:26:18,000 Speaker 1: you haven't before. Meanwhile, if you have any suggestions for 429 00:26:18,240 --> 00:26:21,199 Speaker 1: future episodes of tech Stuff, send me a message. The 430 00:26:21,280 --> 00:26:24,600 Speaker 1: email address you can use is text stuff at how 431 00:26:24,680 --> 00:26:28,560 Speaker 1: stuff works dot com, or you can pop on over 432 00:26:28,600 --> 00:26:31,880 Speaker 1: to our website that's tech Stuff podcast dot com. That's 433 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:34,240 Speaker 1: gonna have links to our social media as well as 434 00:26:34,280 --> 00:26:37,600 Speaker 1: our archived episodes, and of course to our online store, 435 00:26:37,600 --> 00:26:39,640 Speaker 1: and every purchase you make there goes to help the show. 436 00:26:39,640 --> 00:26:42,320 Speaker 1: We greatly appreciate it, and I'll talk to you again. 437 00:26:43,000 --> 00:26:51,280 Speaker 1: Release it for more on this and thousands of other 438 00:26:51,320 --> 00:27:01,560 Speaker 1: topics because it how stuff works. 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