1 00:00:00,040 --> 00:00:03,000 Speaker 1: Hey everyone. Technically you're getting two days in History today 2 00:00:03,080 --> 00:00:05,680 Speaker 1: because we were running two episodes from the History Vault. 3 00:00:05,840 --> 00:00:08,879 Speaker 1: You'll also hear two hosts, me and Tracy V. Wilson. 4 00:00:09,200 --> 00:00:13,120 Speaker 1: Hope you enjoy. Welcome to this Day in History Class 5 00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:15,600 Speaker 1: from how Stuff Works dot Com and from the desk 6 00:00:15,640 --> 00:00:17,799 Speaker 1: of Stuff you Missed in History Class. It's the show 7 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:20,119 Speaker 1: where we explore the past one day at a time 8 00:00:20,239 --> 00:00:27,240 Speaker 1: with a quick look at what happened today in history. Hello, 9 00:00:27,280 --> 00:00:31,160 Speaker 1: and welcome to the podcast. I'm Christopher haciotis your host, 10 00:00:31,200 --> 00:00:33,800 Speaker 1: filling in this week for Tracy V. Wilson. Today is 11 00:00:33,800 --> 00:00:38,080 Speaker 1: December and Sitting Bowl was killed on this day in 12 00:00:40,200 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 1: Born around eight thirty one, Sitting Bowl was a member 13 00:00:42,960 --> 00:00:45,320 Speaker 1: of the hunk Papa community. Now that's one of seven 14 00:00:45,360 --> 00:00:47,880 Speaker 1: distinct Native American groups that make up the Lakota Tribe. 15 00:00:48,680 --> 00:00:50,600 Speaker 1: Family history says that Sitting Bowl was born in the 16 00:00:50,680 --> 00:00:54,760 Speaker 1: Dakota Territory in what's today's southeastern Montana, though you'll also 17 00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:56,440 Speaker 1: find a lot of references to him being born in 18 00:00:56,440 --> 00:00:59,600 Speaker 1: what South Dakota. At the time, though he wasn't known 19 00:00:59,600 --> 00:01:03,240 Speaker 1: as Sitting Bowl. His childhood name was Jumping Badger, but 20 00:01:03,680 --> 00:01:05,520 Speaker 1: after an act of bravery in a raid on a 21 00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:08,560 Speaker 1: crow camp when he was fourteen years old, Jumping Badger 22 00:01:08,600 --> 00:01:13,080 Speaker 1: received the name tatanka Iyotake, or Sitting Bowl. Over the 23 00:01:13,120 --> 00:01:15,920 Speaker 1: next several decades, Sitting Bull, who became a leader, and 24 00:01:16,000 --> 00:01:18,959 Speaker 1: his people, had contact with the white people traveling westward, 25 00:01:19,319 --> 00:01:21,720 Speaker 1: but as the Lakota lands were further north than most 26 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:25,080 Speaker 1: transcontinental routes, it wasn't as constant as with other tribes. 27 00:01:25,640 --> 00:01:28,240 Speaker 1: But the hung Papa and Lakota couldn't avoid the increasing 28 00:01:28,240 --> 00:01:30,680 Speaker 1: tension between Native Americans and the invading forces of the 29 00:01:30,760 --> 00:01:35,080 Speaker 1: United States, both military and civilian. By this time, Sitting 30 00:01:35,080 --> 00:01:38,120 Speaker 1: Bull had become a political, military, and spiritual leader of 31 00:01:38,160 --> 00:01:40,840 Speaker 1: his people. Over the years, he grew cognizant of the 32 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:43,759 Speaker 1: reality of the invasion and conquest. He learned of conditions 33 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:46,720 Speaker 1: and reservations from other tribal leaders, for instance, and he 34 00:01:46,800 --> 00:01:50,440 Speaker 1: continually warned his followers that were there people to survive 35 00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:53,120 Speaker 1: as free Indians, their fates would be intrinsically tied to 36 00:01:53,200 --> 00:01:56,320 Speaker 1: that of the bison that populated North America, and those 37 00:01:56,320 --> 00:01:58,720 Speaker 1: bison were such a valuable resource to many Native people. 38 00:02:00,040 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 1: Sitting Bull led guerilla attacks over the years and was 39 00:02:02,360 --> 00:02:05,000 Speaker 1: involved in a number of notable conflicts, from the Battle 40 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:07,520 Speaker 1: of Killdeer Mountain to Red Clouds War, and from the 41 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:09,680 Speaker 1: Great Sioux War to the Battle of Little Big Horn. 42 00:02:10,720 --> 00:02:13,800 Speaker 1: Now that fame battle is when Custer's seventh Cavalry attacked 43 00:02:13,880 --> 00:02:16,560 Speaker 1: Cheyenne and Lakota encampments near the Little Big Horn River, 44 00:02:16,919 --> 00:02:19,400 Speaker 1: which to the Lakota was known as the Greasy Grass River. 45 00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:22,760 Speaker 1: But more than two thousand warriors were following Sitting Bull 46 00:02:22,800 --> 00:02:25,680 Speaker 1: at that point, and they overwhelmed the attackers and successfully 47 00:02:25,720 --> 00:02:29,320 Speaker 1: defended themselves. The U. S public reacted with shock at 48 00:02:29,320 --> 00:02:32,919 Speaker 1: Custer's defeat, considering it a massacre, and thousands of soldiers 49 00:02:32,960 --> 00:02:36,480 Speaker 1: were sent to fight the Lakota tribes. Sitting Bull eventually 50 00:02:36,480 --> 00:02:40,800 Speaker 1: surrendered six years later on July, and over the last 51 00:02:40,800 --> 00:02:42,440 Speaker 1: decade of his life he served time as a prisoner 52 00:02:42,480 --> 00:02:44,799 Speaker 1: of war and was eventually housed at the Standing Rock 53 00:02:44,800 --> 00:02:48,480 Speaker 1: Reservation in South Dakota. He was allowed to leave to 54 00:02:48,480 --> 00:02:51,760 Speaker 1: tour with Buffalo Bill Cody's Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show. 55 00:02:52,560 --> 00:02:56,520 Speaker 1: Sitting Bull met and befriended Annie Oakley. He posed for pictures, 56 00:02:56,600 --> 00:02:59,120 Speaker 1: he signed autographs, and the money that he raised doing 57 00:02:59,160 --> 00:03:01,320 Speaker 1: that he is head to have often given away to 58 00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:04,840 Speaker 1: beggars and homeless people he encountered. He also became involved 59 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:07,280 Speaker 1: in the Ghost Dance spiritual movement, and this became pivotal 60 00:03:07,400 --> 00:03:10,920 Speaker 1: in what ended up becoming Sitting Bulls end. After returning 61 00:03:10,919 --> 00:03:15,640 Speaker 1: to Standing Rock, he eventually died on December and what 62 00:03:15,720 --> 00:03:19,840 Speaker 1: happened is a government representative named James McLaughlin was afraid 63 00:03:19,840 --> 00:03:22,040 Speaker 1: that Sitting Bull was planning to leave the reservation with 64 00:03:22,080 --> 00:03:25,440 Speaker 1: the Ghost Dancers and ordered him arrested by reservation police. 65 00:03:26,240 --> 00:03:29,160 Speaker 1: Around five thirty am on December fifte a number of 66 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:32,440 Speaker 1: police officers, led by Lieutenant Henry Bullhead and four volunteers 67 00:03:32,440 --> 00:03:36,080 Speaker 1: surrounded Sitting Bull's house and tried to arrest him. Sitting 68 00:03:36,120 --> 00:03:38,800 Speaker 1: Bull and his wife delayed the arrest as his followers gathered, 69 00:03:39,080 --> 00:03:41,520 Speaker 1: and when police ordered Sitting Bull atop a horse, he 70 00:03:41,600 --> 00:03:45,720 Speaker 1: resisted and the police responded with force. A Lakota warrior 71 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:48,200 Speaker 1: named Catched the Bear, fired a rifle at Lieutenant Bullhead, 72 00:03:48,400 --> 00:03:51,400 Speaker 1: who then fired his pistol at Sitting Bowl. Another policeman 73 00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 1: fired at Sitting Bull as well. The Lacoda leader was 74 00:03:54,520 --> 00:03:56,880 Speaker 1: struck in the chest and head and died soon thereafter 75 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:01,280 Speaker 1: a fight broke out, and in total sixteen people died, 76 00:04:01,880 --> 00:04:05,840 Speaker 1: eight policemen, eight tribesmen. Sitting Bull's body was taken to 77 00:04:05,880 --> 00:04:10,160 Speaker 1: fort yates and buried nearby, but in family members exhumed 78 00:04:10,160 --> 00:04:12,280 Speaker 1: what they believed to be his remains and buried them 79 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:14,280 Speaker 1: near what then was believed to be his birthplace in 80 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:17,039 Speaker 1: South Dakota. A number of monuments to Sitting Bull now 81 00:04:17,120 --> 00:04:20,359 Speaker 1: exists across the United States. Thanks to Casey Pegrum and 82 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:22,960 Speaker 1: Chandler Mays for their audio work on this show, you 83 00:04:23,000 --> 00:04:25,760 Speaker 1: can subscribe to This Day in History Class on Apple Podcasts, 84 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:28,039 Speaker 1: the I Heart Radio app, or wherever else you like 85 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:30,840 Speaker 1: to find your podcasts. Please come back for our next episode, 86 00:04:30,839 --> 00:04:33,600 Speaker 1: where we'll discuss a notable get together on a boat. 87 00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:45,600 Speaker 1: Hi again everyone, I'm Eves and you're listening to This 88 00:04:45,680 --> 00:04:48,520 Speaker 1: Day in History Class, where instead of going back to 89 00:04:48,560 --> 00:04:59,320 Speaker 1: the future, we go back to the past. The day 90 00:04:59,480 --> 00:05:04,960 Speaker 1: was December fifteen, eighteen seventy five. Emilio Jacinto, a revolutionary 91 00:05:05,000 --> 00:05:10,160 Speaker 1: during the Philippine Revolution, was born. Jacinto was born in Tondo, Manila, 92 00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:15,760 Speaker 1: to Mariano Jacinto and his father. Mariano died when he 93 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:20,320 Speaker 1: was young. His maternal uncle, Jose Dison helped support him. 94 00:05:20,360 --> 00:05:23,839 Speaker 1: Not much is known about Jacinto's childhood, but it is 95 00:05:23,880 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 1: known that he was fluent in Spanish and Tagalog. He 96 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:31,640 Speaker 1: attended the San Juan de Letrn College in Manila, transferring 97 00:05:31,720 --> 00:05:34,640 Speaker 1: later to the University of Santo Tomas to study law, 98 00:05:35,320 --> 00:05:38,320 Speaker 1: but his opposition to Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines 99 00:05:38,680 --> 00:05:41,560 Speaker 1: drove him to leave school and join a revolutionary group 100 00:05:41,600 --> 00:05:46,160 Speaker 1: called the Katipoon in The Spanish began colonizing the Philippines 101 00:05:46,200 --> 00:05:50,160 Speaker 1: in the mid fifteen hundreds after Spanish navigator Miguel Lopez 102 00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:54,919 Speaker 1: de Legaspi arrived with an expedition. Spanish colonial rule was 103 00:05:54,960 --> 00:05:58,040 Speaker 1: marked by the Christianization of Filipinos and a powerful church 104 00:05:58,400 --> 00:06:02,239 Speaker 1: investment in education and the development of an indigenous upper 105 00:06:02,279 --> 00:06:06,200 Speaker 1: class and educated middle class, among other major political and 106 00:06:06,360 --> 00:06:10,400 Speaker 1: social shifts. There had been some resistance to Spanish rule 107 00:06:10,480 --> 00:06:13,839 Speaker 1: over the years, but by the nineteenth century, ideas of 108 00:06:13,839 --> 00:06:19,560 Speaker 1: Philippine independence began to spread. In eighteen seventy two, Filipino 109 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:24,840 Speaker 1: priest Mariana Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora, collectively known 110 00:06:24,880 --> 00:06:29,000 Speaker 1: as Gombursa, were executed by Spanish authorities for their alleged 111 00:06:29,040 --> 00:06:32,920 Speaker 1: involvement with the Cavite mutiny and uprising of Filipino troops 112 00:06:32,920 --> 00:06:37,880 Speaker 1: and workers. This inspired reform minded Filipino students who went 113 00:06:37,880 --> 00:06:42,160 Speaker 1: to Europe to study to form the Propaganda movement. Jose 114 00:06:42,400 --> 00:06:45,839 Speaker 1: Rizal was one of the movement's most prominent leaders, and 115 00:06:45,920 --> 00:06:51,280 Speaker 1: his writings galvanized people into fighting for Philippine independence. Motivated 116 00:06:51,320 --> 00:06:54,760 Speaker 1: by these Spanish crackdowns on the nationalist movement and growing 117 00:06:54,839 --> 00:06:58,920 Speaker 1: resistance to Spanish authority, the Katipunan formed as a secret 118 00:06:58,960 --> 00:07:04,320 Speaker 1: revolutionary society, Andres Bonifacio, a warehouse clerk, led the society, 119 00:07:04,440 --> 00:07:06,600 Speaker 1: which called for the expulsion of the Spanish from the 120 00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:12,160 Speaker 1: Philippines and prepared for armed rebellion. Jacinto served as fiscal 121 00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:17,000 Speaker 1: advisor and secretary to Bonifacio. He also wrote manifestos, articles, 122 00:07:17,080 --> 00:07:21,840 Speaker 1: and poetry for the society's newspaper, The Kalian. He wrote 123 00:07:21,880 --> 00:07:26,000 Speaker 1: the society's official handbook, which detailed its rules and principles 124 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:29,760 Speaker 1: for new and existing members, and he became a general 125 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:34,800 Speaker 1: in the society's guerilla army. Membership in the Katipunan grew substantially, 126 00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:39,720 Speaker 1: and the Spanish discovered the society. The Philippine Revolution broke 127 00:07:39,720 --> 00:07:45,920 Speaker 1: out In that same year, the Spanish executed Resolve, but 128 00:07:46,000 --> 00:07:49,880 Speaker 1: in eight nine seven Media Aguinaldo, who led the Magdalo 129 00:07:50,000 --> 00:07:53,960 Speaker 1: faction of the Katipunan, made himself president of the revolutionary 130 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:58,880 Speaker 1: government and ordered the execution of Bonifacio. Jacinto carried on 131 00:07:58,920 --> 00:08:02,520 Speaker 1: Bonifacio's legacy see of fighting the Spanish, but he refused 132 00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:07,920 Speaker 1: to join the Magdalo faction under Agi Naldo in Jacinto's 133 00:08:07,960 --> 00:08:11,520 Speaker 1: leg was injured while fighting in Laguna, a province southeast 134 00:08:11,520 --> 00:08:16,120 Speaker 1: of Manila. He died at age three after contracting malaria. 135 00:08:17,360 --> 00:08:20,920 Speaker 1: Initially buried in Laguna, his remains were later transferred to 136 00:08:20,960 --> 00:08:25,480 Speaker 1: Manila North Cemetery and again to Himla Yang Filipino Memorial Park. 137 00:08:26,600 --> 00:08:31,000 Speaker 1: Filipino revolutionary forces declared Philippine independence from Spanish rule in 138 00:08:31,080 --> 00:08:35,640 Speaker 1: eight but the US soon annexed the Philippines as part 139 00:08:35,640 --> 00:08:39,479 Speaker 1: of his peace treaty with Spain, and resistance efforts persisted. 140 00:08:40,679 --> 00:08:43,280 Speaker 1: I'm Eves Jeffcote and hopefully you know a little more 141 00:08:43,320 --> 00:08:46,720 Speaker 1: about history today than you did yesterday. Keep up with 142 00:08:46,840 --> 00:08:50,840 Speaker 1: us on Twitter, Facebook and Instagram, at T D I 143 00:08:51,240 --> 00:08:54,880 Speaker 1: h C podcast, or you can go the old fashioned 144 00:08:54,920 --> 00:08:57,840 Speaker 1: route and send us an email. At this day, at 145 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:01,839 Speaker 1: i heart media dot com. We're here every day, so 146 00:09:02,040 --> 00:09:12,160 Speaker 1: you know where to find us by For more podcasts 147 00:09:12,160 --> 00:09:14,240 Speaker 1: from I heart Radio, visit the i heart Radio app, 148 00:09:14,280 --> 00:09:16,880 Speaker 1: Apple Podcasts, or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.