WEBVTT - Selects: Fallout Shelters: Probably Useless (Let’s Never Find Out) 0:00:00.710 --> 0:00:03.770 Hey guys, it's me, Josh. And Fallout shelters have been 0:00:03.830 --> 0:00:06.810 on my mind a lot lately. We've been doing some 0:00:06.870 --> 0:00:09.289 episodes about the Cold War, and they played a big 0:00:09.330 --> 0:00:13.880 role in that. And that second season of Fallout, the 0:00:13.910 --> 0:00:17.660 TV show based on the game, it's really good. And 0:00:17.739 --> 0:00:21.260 on Wednesday, I got trapped in the Fallout shelter in 0:00:21.280 --> 0:00:25.040 the basement of an abandoned school for 18 hours. And 0:00:25.380 --> 0:00:27.950 someone finally found me. and the fire department had to 0:00:28.010 --> 0:00:29.930 come cut a hole in the steel door with a 0:00:30.000 --> 0:00:33.940 huge saw. So I thought that maybe releasing our episode 0:00:34.000 --> 0:00:36.739 on fallout shelters again as this week's select would be 0:00:36.760 --> 0:00:39.920 a good idea. It came out in 2020, and it's 0:00:39.979 --> 0:00:41.970 pretty good, and I hope you enjoy it. 0:00:47.920 --> 0:00:51.349 Welcome to Stuff You Should Know, a production of iHeartRadio. 0:00:57.620 --> 0:01:01.580 Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm Josh Kablooey Clark. 0:01:03.120 --> 0:01:09.130 There's Charles W. Bam Bam Bryant and Jerry Radioactive Roland. 0:01:09.290 --> 0:01:09.830 Oh, boy. 0:01:10.310 --> 0:01:11.730 And this is Stuff You Should Know. 0:01:12.470 --> 0:01:13.190 You still got it. 0:01:14.010 --> 0:01:15.880 After all these years. 0:01:16.480 --> 0:01:17.429 You still got it. 0:01:18.440 --> 0:01:18.660 Yep. 0:01:18.980 --> 0:01:21.240 Hey, I think before we get going, we should talk 0:01:21.440 --> 0:01:22.920 very briefly about our audio book. 0:01:23.900 --> 0:01:24.319 Oh, yeah. Yeah. 0:01:24.630 --> 0:01:28.610 Because this week in real time, we are each recording 0:01:28.650 --> 0:01:32.210 our respective parts for the audio book. And first of all, 0:01:32.230 --> 0:01:33.649 we just want to tell everyone there's going to be 0:01:33.670 --> 0:01:34.730 an audio book version. 0:01:35.350 --> 0:01:36.430 Yeah, spoiler. 0:01:36.850 --> 0:01:41.750 Of Stuff You Should Know, colon, and Mostly Incomplete Guide 0:01:41.770 --> 0:01:43.009 to Very Interesting Things. 0:01:43.490 --> 0:01:49.130 Man, still. An incomplete compendium of mostly interesting things. 0:01:49.970 --> 0:01:52.340 Yeah, so we're trying to push that out as a. 0:01:53.500 --> 0:01:56.160 You know, get both is what I say. But if 0:01:56.180 --> 0:01:58.800 you're into audiobooks, we're doing one. But also, I just 0:01:58.820 --> 0:02:02.080 want to make sure people know what they're getting. And 0:02:02.120 --> 0:02:03.820 I put this on the Stuff You Should Know Army page. 0:02:03.860 --> 0:02:06.900 They're not getting 27 new podcast episodes. 0:02:08.410 --> 0:02:08.620 No. 0:02:08.930 --> 0:02:12.989 And they should know that because our podcast is unscripted conversation. 0:02:13.010 --> 0:02:17.130 An audiobook is us reading an audiobook. And rather than 0:02:17.790 --> 0:02:22.029 just weirdly trading lines, reading from a script, which would 0:02:22.610 --> 0:02:24.400 I think that would dash a lot of people's image 0:02:25.540 --> 0:02:29.460 of what we do. We are each reading chapters, and 0:02:29.480 --> 0:02:31.300 I think they're going to mix in some stuff here 0:02:31.340 --> 0:02:34.150 and there. But, yeah, I mean, it's going to be 0:02:34.160 --> 0:02:38.010 great and fun, but it's not podcast episodes. We don't 0:02:38.050 --> 0:02:40.109 get to just fart around and make jokes. Like, we've 0:02:40.130 --> 0:02:40.750 got to read our book. 0:02:41.669 --> 0:02:44.450 Oh, man, we will be kept in line. If we 0:02:44.490 --> 0:02:46.240 tried to fart around and make jokes, it would not 0:02:46.280 --> 0:02:50.510 be good. There's this whole time is money ethos and yelling, 0:02:50.590 --> 0:02:53.829 sometimes crying. It's a real stressful situation, everybody. 0:02:54.030 --> 0:02:56.050 How did that go for you yesterday? Did you enjoy yourself? 0:02:56.450 --> 0:02:58.450 I just told you there's a lot of yelling and crying. 0:02:58.470 --> 0:03:01.380 It was very stressful. Yeah, it was fun. It reminded 0:03:01.400 --> 0:03:03.940 me a lot of recording The End of the World. Yeah, exactly. Because, 0:03:03.960 --> 0:03:06.040 you know, I wrote those and then I read them. Right. 0:03:06.380 --> 0:03:09.620 So it was very similar to that, except a lot 0:03:09.660 --> 0:03:10.300 less heavy. 0:03:11.220 --> 0:03:14.040 Yeah, I was slightly nervous at first for some reason 0:03:14.100 --> 0:03:16.919 after talking for 12 years, probably just because... you weren't there. 0:03:16.960 --> 0:03:20.419 But then it was like, you know, it was fine. 0:03:20.900 --> 0:03:23.540 Did Fleet, the director, calm you, make you feel better? 0:03:23.860 --> 0:03:25.799 Yeah. I mean, you know, I got in my groove. 0:03:25.940 --> 0:03:27.650 I felt pretty comfy by the end of it. 0:03:27.960 --> 0:03:30.880 Yeah. So, I mean, it is fun. It's definitely a 0:03:30.919 --> 0:03:33.620 lot of extra work this week, but it's kind of cool. 0:03:33.639 --> 0:03:34.960 You know, at the end, we're going to have a 0:03:35.180 --> 0:03:36.440 bona fide audio book. 0:03:36.600 --> 0:03:38.900 That's right. And a bona fide book that you can 0:03:38.920 --> 0:03:42.920 pre-order now. And we're also working on getting that pre-order 0:03:42.960 --> 0:03:46.640 gift available to the UK and Australia and other parts 0:03:46.660 --> 0:03:49.040 of the world because we have different publishers there. It's 0:03:49.090 --> 0:03:51.050 not like we were trying to exclude everyone. 0:03:51.070 --> 0:03:53.910 No, no, no. But we are moving heaven and earth 0:03:53.970 --> 0:03:55.770 to get it done. And yeah, if you're in the 0:03:55.910 --> 0:03:58.430 US and Canada and you pre-order, if you haven't gotten 0:03:58.450 --> 0:04:00.770 your poster yet, worry not. You're going to get your 0:04:00.830 --> 0:04:02.090 pre-order gift eventually. 0:04:02.260 --> 0:04:02.740 That's right. 0:04:03.840 --> 0:04:08.380 Wow. So for the 15, 17 people who stuck around, 0:04:08.460 --> 0:04:13.100 prepare to learn about fallout shelters because that's ultimately what 0:04:13.120 --> 0:04:14.320 we're here to talk about today. 0:04:14.650 --> 0:04:17.390 That's right. Actually, before that, I have to say one 0:04:17.430 --> 0:04:17.950 more thing. 0:04:17.970 --> 0:04:18.710 Oh, God. 0:04:19.390 --> 0:04:22.590 I posted that squirrel attack video on my Instagram, you know, 0:04:22.630 --> 0:04:25.270 that we talked about on the episode. Yeah. Because people 0:04:25.330 --> 0:04:28.630 kept asking, so I put it up. I'm at Chuck 0:04:28.680 --> 0:04:31.300 the Podcaster. If you want to see a squirrel go 0:04:31.339 --> 0:04:34.440 berserk and literally fly through the air and hit me 0:04:34.480 --> 0:04:38.040 in the leg, then you can see that. It's been 0:04:38.080 --> 0:04:38.550 viewed like 15,000 times now. 0:04:40.360 --> 0:04:43.200 One of these days, I hope you'll fess up to 0:04:43.240 --> 0:04:45.300 what you did to provoke that squirrel. 0:04:45.320 --> 0:04:46.940 I mean, the whole thing's there. You see me exit 0:04:46.980 --> 0:04:49.080 my house, so... Yeah, but I. 0:04:49.020 --> 0:04:52.450 Mean, we didn't know, like, what happened a half hour before. Right. 0:04:52.550 --> 0:04:54.510 You know, that had been ongoing for the last week 0:04:54.589 --> 0:04:55.270 or so. Yeah, that's true. 0:04:55.310 --> 0:04:55.710 That's true. 0:04:56.089 --> 0:04:56.390 Yeah. 0:04:56.410 --> 0:04:57.030 No backstory. 0:04:57.870 --> 0:05:02.350 So now, I think we're going to talk about fallout shelters. Because, Chuck, 0:05:03.100 --> 0:05:08.039 your house has a basement... But it's exposed on one 0:05:08.120 --> 0:05:10.740 side to the outdoors. It's not an in-ground basement as 0:05:10.779 --> 0:05:13.080 far as I know. And hopefully I'm not divulging too 0:05:13.120 --> 0:05:15.620 much information about your house so weird fans will be 0:05:15.670 --> 0:05:16.989 able to find it and show up. 0:05:17.790 --> 0:05:20.890 Well, actually, you know, one side of it is exposed 0:05:21.150 --> 0:05:24.910 to the world. But the other side is, you know, 0:05:24.910 --> 0:05:27.529 10 feet of earth and red clay. Like it could 0:05:27.570 --> 0:05:30.250 have been a great fallout shelter had it not been 0:05:30.290 --> 0:05:31.029 for that one side. 0:05:31.510 --> 0:05:35.320 Sure. But there are things you could do. Or could 0:05:35.339 --> 0:05:37.260 have done. I think we should use past tense here. 0:05:37.760 --> 0:05:40.120 Because the need for a fallout shelter as far as 0:05:40.180 --> 0:05:44.260 a nuclear war goes is vanishingly remote these days. Yeah. 0:05:45.000 --> 0:05:46.750 I like to think. I don't think we should get 0:05:46.760 --> 0:05:48.050 into any fear mongering here. 0:05:48.070 --> 0:05:48.790 No, I agree. 0:05:49.750 --> 0:05:51.810 But there are a few things you could have done 0:05:51.870 --> 0:05:55.210 or could do to build a fallout shelter with that 0:05:55.790 --> 0:05:59.010 good side, I guess. And we're going to talk about 0:05:59.050 --> 0:06:01.410 that today. But mainly what we're talking about with fallout 0:06:01.430 --> 0:06:05.680 shelters is almost kind of like this examination of the 0:06:05.779 --> 0:06:11.060 world psyche during the Cold War to where as the 0:06:11.360 --> 0:06:14.640 nuclear arsenals of the Soviet Union and the United States 0:06:14.680 --> 0:06:16.900 started to build up in step with one another and 0:06:16.960 --> 0:06:19.900 we were suddenly in a nuclear arms race where just 0:06:19.900 --> 0:06:22.980 10 years before there were no such thing as nuclear weapons, 0:06:23.560 --> 0:06:26.640 people started to realize like, oh man, if one of 0:06:26.680 --> 0:06:29.979 these goes off near me, I'm in big trouble. And 0:06:30.000 --> 0:06:34.240 they started looking around to the government to say, hey, 0:06:35.180 --> 0:06:37.360 what should I do? And at first, the government was like, 0:06:38.820 --> 0:06:42.520 you know, figure it out yourself. And then eventually, the 0:06:42.560 --> 0:06:45.800 government kind of got a little more involved. And before 0:06:45.839 --> 0:06:49.130 you know it, we had a national fallout shelter program. 0:06:49.650 --> 0:06:53.030 As feeble and terrible as it was, at least we 0:06:53.050 --> 0:06:53.490 had one. 0:06:53.810 --> 0:06:55.430 Yeah, what's really funny is when you read up on 0:06:55.470 --> 0:06:59.630 this stuff and you learn that President Kennedy, John F. Kennedy, 0:06:59.650 --> 0:07:03.610 that is, Ask Congress for $ 100 million to build public 0:07:03.640 --> 0:07:04.510 fallout shelters. 0:07:04.770 --> 0:07:05.010 Right. 0:07:05.270 --> 0:07:08.030 That is such an adorable number now. It is. That 0:07:08.050 --> 0:07:10.050 would build like 10 fallout shelters these days. 0:07:10.390 --> 0:07:14.190 Yeah. Maybe. Maybe. That's like the amount of money that 0:07:14.230 --> 0:07:17.380 would take to get like a motorcade to the Capitol 0:07:17.800 --> 0:07:19.660 from the White House basically, you know? 0:07:20.080 --> 0:07:23.040 Yeah, but it was a real threat back then. And 0:07:23.100 --> 0:07:29.340 I can't remember what episode. It may have been nuclear radiation– 0:07:29.860 --> 0:07:31.520 We did one on the disaster in Japan. 0:07:31.540 --> 0:07:31.620 Yeah. 0:07:32.460 --> 0:07:35.100 We've done a couple on this. But I know that 0:07:35.120 --> 0:07:38.480 I told the story of my father like having us 0:07:39.380 --> 0:07:41.800 sort of do 20 percent of a fallout shelter when 0:07:41.840 --> 0:07:44.260 I was 10 or 12 years old after the movie 0:07:44.280 --> 0:07:46.520 The Day After aired on television. 0:07:46.550 --> 0:07:47.990 Yeah, I remember that. Yeah. 0:07:48.000 --> 0:07:49.330 I mean, you know, it was my brother and I 0:07:49.670 --> 0:07:52.190 taking out– digging out buckets of dirt and carrying them 0:07:52.210 --> 0:07:55.050 out in the woods and dumping them for probably three 0:07:55.070 --> 0:07:56.530 or four weekends and then we stopped. 0:07:56.550 --> 0:08:00.250 That's awesome. So you guys were 20 percent covered if 0:08:00.310 --> 0:08:01.240 something happened. Yeah. 0:08:01.270 --> 0:08:03.500 I mean, we could have. Yeah, it was pretty gross. 0:08:03.960 --> 0:08:07.860 So was it akin to this this this shelter that 0:08:07.920 --> 0:08:09.880 we were going to go over at the end? Was 0:08:09.940 --> 0:08:10.380 it like that? 0:08:10.600 --> 0:08:13.820 Well, I mean, it eventually could have been, which is 0:08:13.870 --> 0:08:16.650 to say a, you know, kind of a concrete room 0:08:17.670 --> 0:08:20.090 underground surrounded by earth. 0:08:20.970 --> 0:08:23.090 Oh, yeah. No, I'm saying like the kind where it's 0:08:23.110 --> 0:08:25.010 like you dig a trench and put some wood poles. 0:08:25.230 --> 0:08:26.350 Oh, no, no, no. 0:08:26.370 --> 0:08:27.070 This is part of. 0:08:28.200 --> 0:08:30.960 My basement. Like, my dad had a workshop, and on 0:08:31.000 --> 0:08:33.790 the interior wall of the workshop, he knocked down the 0:08:33.809 --> 0:08:35.689 cinder block wall, and we just started digging. 0:08:36.110 --> 0:08:36.510 Oh, wow. 0:08:37.010 --> 0:08:39.069 Which I'm sure was super safe to the foundation of 0:08:39.110 --> 0:08:39.790 the house. 0:08:39.809 --> 0:08:42.569 Sure, right. He's like, oh, it's probably not load-bearing. 0:08:42.610 --> 0:08:43.210 Yeah, exactly. 0:08:43.630 --> 0:08:45.699 But yeah, there was definitely a point in time, especially 0:08:45.720 --> 0:08:47.439 during the height of the Cold War, where it was like, 0:08:47.480 --> 0:08:50.600 this is, we're really in danger here. The world was 0:08:50.640 --> 0:08:53.580 just kind of walking around, just twitching and shaking at 0:08:53.640 --> 0:08:56.140 the idea of this. And part of the problem was, 0:08:56.770 --> 0:09:00.849 Not just the idea that a bomb was going to 0:09:00.910 --> 0:09:05.089 go off and just blow cities apart. Because apparently there 0:09:05.150 --> 0:09:09.490 was this one of the nuclear deterrent theories, the game 0:09:09.570 --> 0:09:14.280 theories that people kind of operated under said, no, you 0:09:14.300 --> 0:09:18.140 know what? If we ever engage in nuclear war, we're 0:09:18.179 --> 0:09:21.460 just going to be attacking military installations side to side. 0:09:22.010 --> 0:09:23.660 And so we don't really have to worry about that 0:09:23.700 --> 0:09:27.480 for people in New York or D.C. or, you know, Atlanta, wherever, 0:09:27.559 --> 0:09:29.640 any of the major metropolitan cities. We don't have to 0:09:29.679 --> 0:09:32.679 worry about those cities getting leveled. But there's going to 0:09:32.700 --> 0:09:35.400 be a huge problem for the people living there because 0:09:35.420 --> 0:09:38.219 there's such a thing as radioactive fallout. It's not just 0:09:38.280 --> 0:09:41.160 the bomb that gets you. It's the fallout afterward. 0:09:41.690 --> 0:09:44.290 Yeah. I mean, if you're talking about a nuclear bomb, 0:09:44.330 --> 0:09:49.370 a nuclear warhead, it depends on what kind. You know, 0:09:49.530 --> 0:09:51.429 back then it was different than it is now. Mm-hmm. 0:09:52.080 --> 0:09:55.820 Let's say a one megaton H-bomb back in the day 0:09:56.420 --> 0:10:00.290 would completely wipe out everything within about two miles. from 0:10:00.309 --> 0:10:00.810 where it hit. 0:10:01.429 --> 0:10:03.840 Yeah, and I know I said we weren't going to fearmonger, Chuck, 0:10:03.880 --> 0:10:05.720 but I found out that there is a bomb in 0:10:05.740 --> 0:10:10.060 the U.S. arsenal called the B-83, which is 1.2 megatons, 0:10:10.360 --> 0:10:12.240 and it can be carried around very easily by the 0:10:12.260 --> 0:10:15.760 B-2 bomber. So those exist. 0:10:15.800 --> 0:10:18.810 So two miles, everything is gone. And this is from 0:10:18.850 --> 0:10:22.530 the blast. And a person, if you're like five miles 0:10:22.570 --> 0:10:24.810 away from that bomb site, you're going to get hit 0:10:24.850 --> 0:10:27.670 with third-degree burns just from that blast. 0:10:28.170 --> 0:10:31.080 Yeah, you're going to be hating life. So the blast 0:10:31.130 --> 0:10:33.339 is going to be bad enough. And again, yeah, just 0:10:33.620 --> 0:10:38.700 for people miles away could be burned to death, incinerated, vaporized, 0:10:39.380 --> 0:10:42.090 just all sorts of terrible stuff. But if you're living 0:10:42.210 --> 0:10:46.309 outside of that blast zone, you got problems in the 0:10:46.390 --> 0:10:49.890 radioactivity that's going to be generated by it. Because when 0:10:49.910 --> 0:10:53.080 those bombs explode, they release a lot of radioactive particles 0:10:53.120 --> 0:10:56.200 of different varieties. And those things go up in the 0:10:56.320 --> 0:10:59.400 air and they get kind of carried around and stirred 0:10:59.420 --> 0:11:00.900 up in the atmosphere. But a lot of them are 0:11:00.940 --> 0:11:04.780 heavy enough that they come back down in basically around 0:11:04.820 --> 0:11:08.219 the area, in a larger area around the bomb's epicenter. 0:11:08.760 --> 0:11:11.199 Yeah, and We should probably just go over some of 0:11:11.240 --> 0:11:15.400 these different types of radiation. Some of it you might 0:11:15.520 --> 0:11:18.679 recognize from various Incredible Hulk comic books. 0:11:19.120 --> 0:11:19.260 Right. 0:11:19.679 --> 0:11:22.939 But you've got your alpha particles, your beta particles. You've 0:11:22.980 --> 0:11:25.110 got gamma rays. You've got neutrons. 0:11:25.370 --> 0:11:27.310 The gamma rays is what got Hulk, right? 0:11:27.490 --> 0:11:28.170 I think so, right? 0:11:28.490 --> 0:11:28.790 Yeah. 0:11:28.950 --> 0:11:29.449 I'm pretty sure. 0:11:29.470 --> 0:11:32.010 Because gamma rays are green and Hulk was green. 0:11:32.030 --> 0:11:32.910 That's right. 0:11:33.450 --> 0:11:34.130 I think that's it. 0:11:34.150 --> 0:11:36.390 And he had those sweet, sweet purple pants that somehow 0:11:36.490 --> 0:11:36.890 still fit. 0:11:37.130 --> 0:11:37.630 For sure. 0:11:38.640 --> 0:11:43.120 So the alpha and beta particles, they are not great, 0:11:43.220 --> 0:11:45.470 but they are easily stopped is probably the best way 0:11:45.500 --> 0:11:45.890 to say it. 0:11:46.640 --> 0:11:51.010 Yeah. So here's the thing. Like everything I tried to 0:11:51.070 --> 0:11:53.609 read about this was like they would go to great 0:11:53.650 --> 0:11:56.110 lengths to be like, well, this one isn't like that 0:11:56.150 --> 0:11:57.630 much of a problem. This one's way worse. And then 0:11:57.670 --> 0:11:59.609 finally they'd throw up their hands and be like, actually, 0:12:00.090 --> 0:12:01.470 all of this is just going to be one big 0:12:01.550 --> 0:12:04.449 giant cluster. Right. Because depending on the different type of 0:12:04.510 --> 0:12:09.929 radioactive particle– there's different situations where they're way worse than 0:12:09.970 --> 0:12:12.710 the other one. Like a gamma ray is really bad 0:12:12.750 --> 0:12:15.890 because it can go clear through several inches of lead 0:12:16.490 --> 0:12:18.610 right into you on the other side of the lead 0:12:18.850 --> 0:12:21.829 through your body. And then everything it comes in contact with, 0:12:21.870 --> 0:12:23.770 say all of your cells and tissues and bones and 0:12:23.809 --> 0:12:27.090 all that stuff, it really screws them up genetically and 0:12:27.130 --> 0:12:29.630 you can develop cancer and radiation sickness and all that. 0:12:30.030 --> 0:12:33.230 That's pretty bad. But then you've got alpha particles where 0:12:33.830 --> 0:12:35.730 they can be stopped by a piece of paper. They 0:12:35.770 --> 0:12:38.750 can't even make it through your skin, but they could 0:12:38.790 --> 0:12:41.809 get all over like crops in the water and we 0:12:41.830 --> 0:12:44.490 drink them and eat them. And then they cause all 0:12:44.990 --> 0:12:47.610 sorts of problems inside of you too. So there's really 0:12:47.690 --> 0:12:51.609 no good radioactive particle as far as a fallout from 0:12:51.650 --> 0:12:53.010 a nuclear bomb is concerned. 0:12:53.550 --> 0:12:56.530 Yeah, not at all. So don't, you know, if you 0:12:56.580 --> 0:12:57.900 read up on this stuff and it said, oh, a 0:12:57.920 --> 0:13:00.200 piece of paper or a little bit of plastic can 0:13:00.220 --> 0:13:04.450 stop beta particles and alpha particles. Just think about the 0:13:04.530 --> 0:13:09.570 air you're breathing, the water you're drinking, the maze you're growing. Sure. 0:13:09.590 --> 0:13:11.270 Do you want to get traditional? 0:13:11.309 --> 0:13:12.429 It's all very dangerous. 0:13:12.850 --> 0:13:15.090 Yeah. Don't just be like, oh, let's make a paper 0:13:15.150 --> 0:13:17.990 suit out of newspapers and maybe a little paper tri-cornered 0:13:18.010 --> 0:13:19.550 hat out of newspapers. I'll be fine. 0:13:20.290 --> 0:13:22.429 But like you said, when this bomb hits, that mushroom 0:13:22.470 --> 0:13:26.980 cloud goes up. Everything's all mixed together. And as the 0:13:27.000 --> 0:13:30.559 wind blows, these little, I think John Fuller, our old pal, 0:13:30.740 --> 0:13:32.910 wrote this one a long time ago, right? Yep. for 0:13:32.929 --> 0:13:36.030 How Stuff Works, but he said there are lots of little, 0:13:36.790 --> 0:13:39.730 they act like little tiny missiles, basically, that are just 0:13:39.770 --> 0:13:40.929 going off all over the place. 0:13:41.550 --> 0:13:43.300 Yeah, that was the neutrons, right? 0:13:45.120 --> 0:13:47.900 Yeah, I think the neutrons specific, he called the missiles, 0:13:47.940 --> 0:13:49.140 but they kind of all are. 0:13:49.580 --> 0:13:53.260 Yeah, they are. They're super high energy and gamma rays, 0:13:53.730 --> 0:13:55.970 like I said, they can pass right through you. Neutrons 0:13:56.030 --> 0:14:01.110 are a problem in the relative immediate blast area because 0:14:01.370 --> 0:14:03.810 They're very heavy, so they don't go nearly as far as, say, 0:14:03.830 --> 0:14:07.490 like gamma rays or X-rays or alpha particles or beta particles. 0:14:07.809 --> 0:14:10.990 But they all do damage in their own unique special 0:14:11.510 --> 0:14:12.310 snowflake way. 0:14:12.890 --> 0:14:15.050 Yeah, and it's also, I mean, this stuff is being 0:14:15.090 --> 0:14:19.090 carried around by the wind. But the actual particles that 0:14:19.110 --> 0:14:22.970 you're seeing is actually Earth that is now enriched with 0:14:23.030 --> 0:14:26.310 this stuff. That is poofed up from that crater where 0:14:26.890 --> 0:14:27.880 Earth used to be, I guess. 0:14:28.340 --> 0:14:31.400 Right. And so knowing all this, like this was this 0:14:31.500 --> 0:14:34.640 is like why people started to be like, oh, OK, 0:14:34.980 --> 0:14:38.560 maybe we should start building fallout shelters to live in 0:14:38.620 --> 0:14:42.280 or inhabit for, you know, the immediate period after this 0:14:42.440 --> 0:14:45.920 this nuclear attack to give us a chance to survive. 0:14:46.490 --> 0:14:48.750 And hopefully, you know, make it a few weeks and 0:14:48.770 --> 0:14:51.739 then things will die down. Everybody will have forgotten about 0:14:51.760 --> 0:14:54.580 the whole nuclear holocaust. And we can come back out 0:14:54.620 --> 0:14:58.480 and restart civilization. That was the really honestly, if you 0:14:58.500 --> 0:15:02.830 get down to it, the thinking behind fallout shelters in 0:15:02.870 --> 0:15:06.290 the United States in the 60s and late 50s. All right. 0:15:06.310 --> 0:15:08.750 Should we take a break there then talk about these things? 0:15:09.550 --> 0:15:10.050 I think so. 0:15:10.090 --> 0:15:10.410 Some more? 0:15:10.890 --> 0:15:11.110 Yeah. 0:15:11.570 --> 0:15:12.650 All right. We'll be right back, everyone. 0:15:34.800 --> 0:15:38.420 So, Chuck, I think since we've got one act under 0:15:38.460 --> 0:15:40.590 our belt, we need to start the second act by 0:15:40.620 --> 0:15:42.550 telling everybody they can preorder our book. 0:15:42.590 --> 0:15:42.890 Yeah. 0:15:44.740 --> 0:15:46.980 Hey, I took some vitamins, you know. I've been taking 0:15:47.020 --> 0:15:49.600 vitamins as much as I can. Oh, yeah? And I've 0:15:49.640 --> 0:15:52.680 got this multivitamin, you know, like the worst a vitamin 0:15:52.700 --> 0:15:56.640 can taste. I've got that horrible vitamin taste just stuck 0:15:56.680 --> 0:15:58.940 in the back of my throat because it got stuck 0:15:58.980 --> 0:16:02.430 there for a half of a millisecond before it washed down. 0:16:02.550 --> 0:16:06.930 And it's just left this terrible taste of vitamin coating 0:16:06.990 --> 0:16:09.070 back there. And it's driving me batty. 0:16:09.750 --> 0:16:13.190 How is your health with the vitamins? Can you tell 0:16:13.210 --> 0:16:13.550 the difference? 0:16:14.270 --> 0:16:14.810 No, none. 0:16:15.310 --> 0:16:16.430 How's your pee? How's your urine? 0:16:16.890 --> 0:16:19.190 It's bright yellow, which makes me just feel like such 0:16:19.210 --> 0:16:22.590 a chump, especially after our vitamin supplement episode. Oh, right. 0:16:22.610 --> 0:16:24.130 Didn't we say like we pee most of it out? 0:16:24.410 --> 0:16:27.460 Yeah. There's good ones for sure. And I like to 0:16:27.480 --> 0:16:29.320 think I'm taking good ones, but I just know that 0:16:29.880 --> 0:16:31.060 there's no telling right now. 0:16:31.140 --> 0:16:32.620 You're like, I'm using injectables now. 0:16:33.680 --> 0:16:35.580 Pretty much snortable vitamins. 0:16:36.500 --> 0:16:40.810 So fallout shelters, it's funny here, and I'm glad John 0:16:40.850 --> 0:16:42.290 put it this way because it really makes a lot 0:16:42.310 --> 0:16:45.610 of sense. If you think about an SPF for sunscreen. 0:16:46.150 --> 0:16:48.450 It's the same exact way with a fallout shelter. You 0:16:48.470 --> 0:16:52.690 have a PF, a protection factor. And that is just 0:16:52.830 --> 0:16:56.930 very simply a representative of being in a fallout shelter 0:16:57.050 --> 0:17:00.240 or just being out in the open. And FEMA put 0:17:00.320 --> 0:17:05.260 out a pamphlet called Standards for Fallout Shelters. And they said, 0:17:05.380 --> 0:17:07.939 you need a PF of 40. 0:17:07.940 --> 0:17:08.340 At least. 0:17:08.460 --> 0:17:10.520 Yeah, if you want to, you know. And that puts 0:17:10.560 --> 0:17:15.290 you down to about 2.5% of the radiation, which I 0:17:15.310 --> 0:17:17.290 heard that number and I thought that was too much. 0:17:17.310 --> 0:17:21.330 Yeah, no, I think what you're really shooting for is 0:17:21.350 --> 0:17:25.370 something like 300, that kind of thing. And they're saying 0:17:25.390 --> 0:17:27.600 like a minimum of 40 or else you might as 0:17:27.640 --> 0:17:31.119 well just go lay out in the radioactivity for all 0:17:31.160 --> 0:17:33.200 the protection you're going to get. Another way to look 0:17:33.220 --> 0:17:35.919 at that PF number is that it's the denominator and 0:17:35.940 --> 0:17:40.220 the fraction of the radioactive exposure that you get. compared 0:17:40.240 --> 0:17:42.900 to being outside of the shelter. So a PF of 0:17:42.900 --> 0:17:46.120 40 would mean that you get one 40th. I'm more 0:17:46.160 --> 0:17:48.920 of a fraction guy than a decimal dude. 0:17:48.940 --> 0:17:49.920 Oh, yeah? 0:17:50.350 --> 0:17:53.370 Uh-huh. How about you? You like decimals or fractions more? 0:17:53.640 --> 0:17:56.149 I don't like either one, but I think for our 0:17:56.190 --> 0:17:59.870 next live show in 2022, you should wear a shirt 0:17:59.910 --> 0:18:02.270 that says fraction guy, and I'll have one that says 0:18:02.330 --> 0:18:02.850 decimal dude. 0:18:03.270 --> 0:18:03.430 Okay. 0:18:03.630 --> 0:18:05.109 And that'll just be our new tour outfit. 0:18:05.210 --> 0:18:05.770 Fair enough. 0:18:05.990 --> 0:18:08.110 And you can have yours printed on a button-down shirt, 0:18:08.130 --> 0:18:08.410 of course. 0:18:08.820 --> 0:18:12.780 Okay. Because nothing looks better than good silk screening on 0:18:12.840 --> 0:18:16.440 a button down Oxford. Maybe by the time we go 0:18:16.820 --> 0:18:19.330 on tour again, this horrible vitamin taste will be out 0:18:19.369 --> 0:18:19.770 of my mouth. 0:18:20.420 --> 0:18:24.850 Maybe so. So with fallout shelters, there's a couple of 0:18:24.930 --> 0:18:28.690 kinds if you're going back to the 1960s that people 0:18:28.710 --> 0:18:32.010 were talking about. And that is the public one and 0:18:32.050 --> 0:18:34.609 then the private one that you just build at your 0:18:34.650 --> 0:18:38.040 house like we kind of didn't do. I went down 0:18:38.080 --> 0:18:40.900 a bit of a rabbit hole, and this would be 0:18:40.940 --> 0:18:42.320 right up your alley. You probably did this. 0:18:42.720 --> 0:18:44.900 Rabbit hole's pretty safe, I bet. Yeah. 0:18:45.200 --> 0:18:46.220 Depends on how deep, I guess. 0:18:46.480 --> 0:18:46.680 Yeah. 0:18:47.100 --> 0:18:52.510 But if you start Googling 60s fallout shelters— Oh, and 0:18:52.550 --> 0:18:56.189 I did. Oh, boy. It's just a treasure trove of 0:18:56.310 --> 0:19:01.129 articles and pictures. I saw one that these people in 0:19:01.230 --> 0:19:04.230 Woodland Hills, a suburb of L.A., or part of greater 0:19:04.270 --> 0:19:07.980 Los Angeles, bought a house— Not too long ago, a 0:19:08.020 --> 0:19:10.679 few years ago, and they found a– did you see 0:19:10.700 --> 0:19:11.000