1 00:00:00,560 --> 00:00:03,760 Speaker 1: Welcome to Stuff you missed in History Class from how 2 00:00:03,800 --> 00:00:13,760 Speaker 1: Stuff Works dot com. Hello, and welcome to the podcast. 3 00:00:13,880 --> 00:00:16,280 Speaker 1: I'm fair Dowdy and I'm Debline, a truck or boardy. 4 00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:19,680 Speaker 1: And in our last installment of the Bourbon series, we 5 00:00:19,840 --> 00:00:23,040 Speaker 1: left off with the last French Bourbon and kind of 6 00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:26,560 Speaker 1: saw how the family's reign fizzled out there. But the 7 00:00:26,600 --> 00:00:29,560 Speaker 1: influence of the Bourbons extended beyond the borders of France 8 00:00:29,680 --> 00:00:33,720 Speaker 1: into several other countries, most notably Spain, where the members 9 00:00:33,720 --> 00:00:36,159 Speaker 1: of the Bourbon line became monarch starting in the seventeen 10 00:00:36,240 --> 00:00:39,800 Speaker 1: hundreds and they ruled on and off for years. Even 11 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:42,360 Speaker 1: the current King of Spain, Juan Carlos the First, is 12 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:45,440 Speaker 1: a Bourbon monarch. How about that? It definitely worked out 13 00:00:45,560 --> 00:00:48,839 Speaker 1: for them much better in Spain than France. Yeah, so 14 00:00:48,960 --> 00:00:51,080 Speaker 1: here we're going to take a look at the first 15 00:00:51,120 --> 00:00:53,559 Speaker 1: of the Bourbon monarchs, though, the first of the Spanish Bourbons, 16 00:00:53,560 --> 00:00:56,320 Speaker 1: I should say Philip the fifth, and he was a 17 00:00:56,400 --> 00:00:59,360 Speaker 1: king who saw some positive reforms during his reign, but 18 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:01,200 Speaker 1: it is also a thought by some historians to have 19 00:01:01,280 --> 00:01:04,000 Speaker 1: been weak, a lazy man who was ruled by the 20 00:01:04,000 --> 00:01:06,600 Speaker 1: women in his life, and many of even thought that 21 00:01:06,640 --> 00:01:10,679 Speaker 1: he was mad. But author Henry Common, who wrote Philip 22 00:01:10,680 --> 00:01:13,000 Speaker 1: the Fifth of Spain, the King who reigned twice, and 23 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:17,560 Speaker 1: this is one of the only English language biographies of 24 00:01:17,600 --> 00:01:20,800 Speaker 1: the king, um, he gives a different take on Philip's 25 00:01:20,920 --> 00:01:23,440 Speaker 1: sort of crazy behavior. And so we're going to take 26 00:01:23,440 --> 00:01:26,040 Speaker 1: a look at some of those theories too and explore 27 00:01:26,040 --> 00:01:28,280 Speaker 1: why the king actually gave up his throne for seven 28 00:01:28,280 --> 00:01:31,960 Speaker 1: months in seventy four. Yeah, and so, first of all, though, 29 00:01:32,080 --> 00:01:34,880 Speaker 1: we've got to address how the Bourbons got to Spain 30 00:01:34,959 --> 00:01:38,320 Speaker 1: in the first place, and interestingly kind of indirectly has 31 00:01:38,360 --> 00:01:41,200 Speaker 1: to do with the invading of the Habsburg It's all 32 00:01:41,240 --> 00:01:44,920 Speaker 1: started in the late sixteen hundreds because King Charles the Second, 33 00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:49,400 Speaker 1: who was of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty, was in really 34 00:01:49,440 --> 00:01:53,280 Speaker 1: ill health. Um, I mean really really really ill health. 35 00:01:53,560 --> 00:01:57,080 Speaker 1: He's actually been suggested quite a bit as an episode 36 00:01:57,080 --> 00:02:00,560 Speaker 1: topic of his own. Um. He suffered from all of 37 00:02:00,600 --> 00:02:04,160 Speaker 1: the regular Habsburg complaints, and he didn't have a direct air. 38 00:02:04,720 --> 00:02:07,120 Speaker 1: So you know, you're in a bit of a quandary here, 39 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:10,680 Speaker 1: who is going to follow Charles the Second? Fortunately there 40 00:02:10,680 --> 00:02:13,960 Speaker 1: were three candidates, or maybe not so fortunately. I think 41 00:02:13,960 --> 00:02:16,240 Speaker 1: it kind of led to trouble. Yeah, it was unfortunate 42 00:02:16,320 --> 00:02:19,920 Speaker 1: in some ways. The three candidates were Prince Joseph Ferdinand, 43 00:02:19,960 --> 00:02:22,960 Speaker 1: who was the son of the Elector of Bavaria, Archduke 44 00:02:23,120 --> 00:02:25,440 Speaker 1: Charles who was the second son of the Holy Roman 45 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:29,600 Speaker 1: Emperor Leopold, and Philip, Duke of Anjou, the grandson of 46 00:02:29,639 --> 00:02:33,680 Speaker 1: Louis the fourteenth. All of these guys have Habsburg connections, right, 47 00:02:34,880 --> 00:02:37,760 Speaker 1: So other European powers quickly see this is going to 48 00:02:37,840 --> 00:02:41,120 Speaker 1: be a huge problem, and so they start secretly plotting 49 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:43,600 Speaker 1: about how they want to divide up the Spanish territories 50 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:48,400 Speaker 1: outside of Iberian Peninsula. So outside of Spain, what are 51 00:02:48,400 --> 00:02:50,360 Speaker 1: they going to do with the territories in Italy, the 52 00:02:50,360 --> 00:02:53,560 Speaker 1: Spanish Netherlands and so forth. So this is how they 53 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:55,960 Speaker 1: handle it. They signed the first Treaty of Partition in 54 00:02:56,040 --> 00:03:00,800 Speaker 1: six agreeing that Joseph Ferdinand will get Spain, the Spanish 55 00:03:00,880 --> 00:03:05,120 Speaker 1: Netherlands and the Spanish colonies. Spain's Italian holdings, however, would 56 00:03:05,160 --> 00:03:08,119 Speaker 1: be divided between Austria and France. Yeah, and the main 57 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:11,440 Speaker 1: goal here is to make sure that one government didn't 58 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:16,239 Speaker 1: control this huge Spanish empire. They didn't have so much 59 00:03:16,280 --> 00:03:20,280 Speaker 1: power in Europe Spain had some other ideas on that topic, though. 60 00:03:20,440 --> 00:03:23,240 Speaker 1: King Charles catches wind of this treaty, and he and 61 00:03:23,280 --> 00:03:25,639 Speaker 1: the other Spaniards they're pretty miffed about it. They want 62 00:03:25,680 --> 00:03:28,760 Speaker 1: to preserve the integrity of the Spanish Empire, that's their 63 00:03:28,800 --> 00:03:30,960 Speaker 1: main goal. They want to keep everything that they've worked 64 00:03:30,960 --> 00:03:33,520 Speaker 1: for together in one piece, not have it broken up 65 00:03:33,520 --> 00:03:37,320 Speaker 1: into several little pieces. So Charles he approaches us by 66 00:03:37,360 --> 00:03:40,640 Speaker 1: altering his will, and in that will he leaves everything 67 00:03:40,640 --> 00:03:44,680 Speaker 1: to Joseph Ferdinand intact says it can't be broken up. However, 68 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:48,480 Speaker 1: Joseph Ferdinand suddenly dies a few months later, so kind 69 00:03:48,480 --> 00:03:50,760 Speaker 1: of puts a wrench in his plans to Charles plans 70 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:54,240 Speaker 1: for sure. And so the European powers get together again, 71 00:03:54,280 --> 00:03:57,440 Speaker 1: and this time they sign a new treaty. It's not 72 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,800 Speaker 1: very secret at all, and it may Archduke Charles, the 73 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:05,560 Speaker 1: King of Spain, and it gives the Spanish territories in 74 00:04:05,680 --> 00:04:08,200 Speaker 1: Italy to France, so again kind of busting up the 75 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:11,440 Speaker 1: empire a little, making sure that nobody gets all of 76 00:04:11,560 --> 00:04:15,520 Speaker 1: the pie right. But Charles gets back at them. He 77 00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:18,919 Speaker 1: revises his will at the same time too, and he 78 00:04:19,040 --> 00:04:21,000 Speaker 1: decided to take a little bit of a different direction. 79 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:24,599 Speaker 1: He's actually advised by his Council of State that keeping 80 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:28,080 Speaker 1: the Spanish Empire united under a strong Bourbon king is 81 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:30,880 Speaker 1: the way to go, so he leaves everything to Philip, 82 00:04:31,400 --> 00:04:34,080 Speaker 1: with one catch, though, Philip has to renounce all his 83 00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:37,840 Speaker 1: rights to the French throne, so Charles dies on November 84 00:04:37,920 --> 00:04:40,400 Speaker 1: one dred. He kind of makes this will just in 85 00:04:40,400 --> 00:04:42,920 Speaker 1: the nick of time, and Louis the fourteenth ends up 86 00:04:42,960 --> 00:04:47,200 Speaker 1: accepting this offer on Philip's behalf, so he's making no 87 00:04:47,279 --> 00:04:50,560 Speaker 1: concessions to other European countries. He's accepting Spain and all 88 00:04:50,600 --> 00:04:53,960 Speaker 1: of its territories on behalf of his grandson Philip, knowing 89 00:04:54,000 --> 00:04:56,520 Speaker 1: that he'll likely face war down the line because of it, 90 00:04:56,560 --> 00:04:59,080 Speaker 1: because nobody's gonna want France to be the one in 91 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:02,560 Speaker 1: control of all of this. So Philip sets out for Spain, 92 00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:06,120 Speaker 1: and he's only seventeen years old, he speaks no Spanish, 93 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:09,160 Speaker 1: and of course he doesn't even have any personal experience 94 00:05:09,200 --> 00:05:14,599 Speaker 1: on the Iberian peninsula. A very unprepared young teenager. Yeah, 95 00:05:14,600 --> 00:05:18,120 Speaker 1: and experience to say the least. And Louis, however, is 96 00:05:18,240 --> 00:05:22,279 Speaker 1: very excited about this. Upon Phillips taking formal leave of him, 97 00:05:22,320 --> 00:05:25,880 Speaker 1: and Versailles at the French court. He is excited. He 98 00:05:26,120 --> 00:05:30,000 Speaker 1: hugs him, embraces him exuberantly, and says, there are now 99 00:05:30,040 --> 00:05:32,920 Speaker 1: no Pyrenees. Two nations that have for so long been 100 00:05:33,040 --> 00:05:36,200 Speaker 1: rivals will in the future be a single people. The 101 00:05:36,279 --> 00:05:39,320 Speaker 1: lasting piece between them will assure the tranquility of Europe. 102 00:05:39,680 --> 00:05:42,360 Speaker 1: So again, really pumped about the situation. But I think 103 00:05:42,440 --> 00:05:46,160 Speaker 1: putting on rose colored glasses a little bit. Definitely, I 104 00:05:46,279 --> 00:05:48,680 Speaker 1: think that everything's going to be totally tranquil, And as 105 00:05:48,680 --> 00:05:51,960 Speaker 1: we'll see, it's actually the opposite of tranquil. So Louis 106 00:05:52,040 --> 00:05:54,679 Speaker 1: the fourteenth isn't the only one who's pumped up about 107 00:05:54,720 --> 00:05:59,560 Speaker 1: this new king. Though Spain really welcomed Philip with open arms, 108 00:05:59,600 --> 00:06:02,960 Speaker 1: they hadn't been happy at all under the Habsburgs. Under 109 00:06:03,040 --> 00:06:06,760 Speaker 1: Charles the Second, they had really watched their whole country decline. 110 00:06:06,880 --> 00:06:11,479 Speaker 1: There were economic problems, they lost some of their territorial holdings, 111 00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:14,839 Speaker 1: really a diminishment of their country. So they thought that 112 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:16,960 Speaker 1: this new Bourbon King of Bourbon, though a pretty good 113 00:06:16,960 --> 00:06:22,279 Speaker 1: track record, might offer them a more promising future. And Philip, 114 00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:24,760 Speaker 1: on his way to Madrid, toured through a lot of 115 00:06:24,800 --> 00:06:28,680 Speaker 1: other Spanish cities, and he was greeted with fanfare, really 116 00:06:28,720 --> 00:06:33,159 Speaker 1: welcomed by the Spanish. Yeah, Philip. However, he wasn't quite 117 00:06:33,160 --> 00:06:35,279 Speaker 1: as excited about this. He wasn't really up to the 118 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:39,560 Speaker 1: challenge to take on the problems that Spain presented. Yet 119 00:06:39,600 --> 00:06:42,120 Speaker 1: he was born. Just to give you a little background, 120 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:45,760 Speaker 1: he was born December ninety three and the son of Louis, 121 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:49,520 Speaker 1: the fourteenth son Louis and Marie Anne of Bavaria, and 122 00:06:49,640 --> 00:06:52,200 Speaker 1: he had been brought up in a really protected environment 123 00:06:52,279 --> 00:06:55,560 Speaker 1: with little contact, if any at all, with the real world. 124 00:06:55,600 --> 00:06:58,640 Speaker 1: He had been educated by tutors and trained to be 125 00:06:58,680 --> 00:07:01,200 Speaker 1: a soldier and an ass but he was still really 126 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:05,200 Speaker 1: withdrawn and hesitance and called him slow of speech, and 127 00:07:05,240 --> 00:07:07,800 Speaker 1: no one really had confidence in his ability to lead, 128 00:07:07,960 --> 00:07:10,800 Speaker 1: not even Louie, not even his French advisors, product of 129 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:16,480 Speaker 1: the Versailles bubble um. So Louie surrounds him with this 130 00:07:16,680 --> 00:07:19,320 Speaker 1: team of French advisors. This doesn't really do much to 131 00:07:19,320 --> 00:07:22,280 Speaker 1: help the young man's confidence, but because the French are 132 00:07:22,400 --> 00:07:25,640 Speaker 1: so sure that he won't do it right, they make 133 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:27,960 Speaker 1: sure that he has all these people who can tell 134 00:07:28,040 --> 00:07:31,240 Speaker 1: him the correct decisions to make. And the other positive 135 00:07:31,280 --> 00:07:33,119 Speaker 1: for them is that they get to keep control over Spain. 136 00:07:33,480 --> 00:07:37,960 Speaker 1: And yeah, there was another problem here though too, and 137 00:07:38,000 --> 00:07:40,760 Speaker 1: that was that Philip had this tendency to get depressed, 138 00:07:41,360 --> 00:07:43,720 Speaker 1: and it was said that he fell into a deep 139 00:07:43,800 --> 00:07:48,160 Speaker 1: melancholy upon leaving Louis the fourteenth's court. So he started 140 00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:50,680 Speaker 1: out even from a young age, having kind of these episodes, 141 00:07:50,720 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 1: and things didn't seem to get much better from there. 142 00:07:52,640 --> 00:07:56,200 Speaker 1: Once he was in Spain, he was homesick, as you 143 00:07:56,240 --> 00:07:59,320 Speaker 1: imagine he might be. Um. He had trouble picking up 144 00:07:59,320 --> 00:08:02,360 Speaker 1: the Spanish language, and actually, just an aside to that, 145 00:08:02,400 --> 00:08:05,040 Speaker 1: throughout his reign he continued to speak only French to 146 00:08:05,120 --> 00:08:08,920 Speaker 1: his family and to his advisors. So just really real problem. 147 00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:12,240 Speaker 1: Kind of mingling in not a particularly endearing trait for 148 00:08:12,320 --> 00:08:15,080 Speaker 1: the king and not at all, and he didn't like 149 00:08:15,320 --> 00:08:18,120 Speaker 1: anything about his new environment. It seems he didn't like 150 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:21,200 Speaker 1: the Spanish palaces, he didn't like their style of coaches, 151 00:08:21,280 --> 00:08:23,960 Speaker 1: he didn't like the clothes or the food. And this 152 00:08:24,040 --> 00:08:26,520 Speaker 1: is kind of one of the funny things, the funny anecdotes, 153 00:08:26,560 --> 00:08:29,000 Speaker 1: i should say, from Commons book, he explains how Philip 154 00:08:29,040 --> 00:08:31,680 Speaker 1: didn't like the food and although he asked for it 155 00:08:31,720 --> 00:08:35,439 Speaker 1: to be changed, the Castilian style cooks. They kind of 156 00:08:35,600 --> 00:08:38,600 Speaker 1: just said no. They refused to really change their style 157 00:08:38,640 --> 00:08:41,280 Speaker 1: of cooking. So he ended up having to set up 158 00:08:41,280 --> 00:08:43,760 Speaker 1: an entirely new French household so that he could eat 159 00:08:43,800 --> 00:08:45,640 Speaker 1: the stuff that he liked. Didn't she say the cooks 160 00:08:45,679 --> 00:08:48,560 Speaker 1: would come out and make sure he ate, Like watch 161 00:08:48,679 --> 00:08:50,400 Speaker 1: him right. I don't know if they made sure he ate, 162 00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:52,640 Speaker 1: but they definitely came out and wanted to place the 163 00:08:52,679 --> 00:08:55,360 Speaker 1: food in front of him themselves. They really wanted to 164 00:08:55,400 --> 00:08:57,320 Speaker 1: bring it out to him and see that he was 165 00:08:57,320 --> 00:09:02,520 Speaker 1: actually eating. Yeah. Well, unfortunately, none of the French really 166 00:09:02,720 --> 00:09:06,199 Speaker 1: liked life at the Spanish court, all of these frenchmen 167 00:09:06,280 --> 00:09:10,400 Speaker 1: who Philip had surrounded himself with, and they started introducing 168 00:09:10,440 --> 00:09:15,160 Speaker 1: foreign theater and music to Madrid, and understandably, Spaniards were 169 00:09:15,160 --> 00:09:19,559 Speaker 1: pretty disappointed that their imported king didn't try at all 170 00:09:19,559 --> 00:09:22,880 Speaker 1: to pick up some of their ways, right, So there's 171 00:09:22,920 --> 00:09:26,160 Speaker 1: a little bit of tension, or not necessarily trouble, but yeah, 172 00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:29,880 Speaker 1: a little bit of tention on that frustration. People were 173 00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:32,360 Speaker 1: so excited about this king coming in, and at least 174 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:36,120 Speaker 1: in Madrid, they definitely got a little worse of an 175 00:09:36,160 --> 00:09:39,560 Speaker 1: opinion about him from this. But Philip, for his part 176 00:09:39,720 --> 00:09:42,440 Speaker 1: expressed his displeasure to his tutor. He said, I would 177 00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:44,400 Speaker 1: rather go back to being Duke of Anjou, and I 178 00:09:44,440 --> 00:09:49,240 Speaker 1: can't stand Spain. So that sums it up, I guess. 179 00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:52,240 Speaker 1: But you think somebody saying that might just sort of 180 00:09:52,280 --> 00:09:56,640 Speaker 1: devote himself to trying to turn Spain back into the 181 00:09:56,640 --> 00:09:59,880 Speaker 1: French he loves and knows. But he really did dutif 182 00:10:00,280 --> 00:10:03,000 Speaker 1: try to apply himself to his work for a while, 183 00:10:03,679 --> 00:10:05,679 Speaker 1: at least through his first year and a half as 184 00:10:05,760 --> 00:10:09,040 Speaker 1: king in seventeen o one and seventeen o two, um, 185 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:12,760 Speaker 1: even though he suffered two pretty serious bouts of depression 186 00:10:12,840 --> 00:10:16,280 Speaker 1: during that time. Yeah, the second bout of depression was 187 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:19,440 Speaker 1: particularly notable. It occurred while he was visiting Italy and 188 00:10:19,480 --> 00:10:22,480 Speaker 1: he was incapacitated for days at a time. He had 189 00:10:22,520 --> 00:10:24,719 Speaker 1: to be attended to by doctors. You know, everybody was 190 00:10:24,720 --> 00:10:27,400 Speaker 1: wondering what's wrong with the king. Nothing seemed to work 191 00:10:27,400 --> 00:10:29,840 Speaker 1: on him. They bled him, they tried all these things, 192 00:10:29,960 --> 00:10:32,640 Speaker 1: but there really wasn't anything physically wrong with him, and 193 00:10:32,640 --> 00:10:35,160 Speaker 1: that's kind of what it came down to. But then 194 00:10:35,280 --> 00:10:37,800 Speaker 1: something happened that really snapped him out of it. The 195 00:10:37,840 --> 00:10:42,120 Speaker 1: inevitable Spanish Wars of succession began, and this was when 196 00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:45,560 Speaker 1: the other European powers tried to prevent Philip, whom they 197 00:10:45,600 --> 00:10:47,800 Speaker 1: guessed was controlled by Louis and that was pretty much 198 00:10:47,840 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 1: correct from getting such a large slice of that European pie. Um. 199 00:10:52,640 --> 00:10:54,720 Speaker 1: Just to give you some basics acts about the war. 200 00:10:55,080 --> 00:10:58,559 Speaker 1: Obviously there's a lot more to it, but to keep 201 00:10:58,600 --> 00:11:03,480 Speaker 1: things to seven, to keep this podcast from being hours long, UM, 202 00:11:03,520 --> 00:11:07,160 Speaker 1: we'll just tell you it officially lasted until about set 203 00:11:07,880 --> 00:11:10,400 Speaker 1: and it was pretty much an uneven fight from the start. 204 00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:13,400 Speaker 1: Although Spain had the might of the French army behind them, 205 00:11:13,520 --> 00:11:15,400 Speaker 1: they didn't really have much of their own army at 206 00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:20,320 Speaker 1: that point. Um Bavaria, Cologne, and Savoy all aligned with France, 207 00:11:20,360 --> 00:11:22,920 Speaker 1: although Savoy ended up later switching sides just going to 208 00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:27,160 Speaker 1: be proved awkward as well. Laiter learn absolutely and the 209 00:11:27,240 --> 00:11:30,079 Speaker 1: Anti French Alliance the other side of this. It consisted 210 00:11:30,200 --> 00:11:32,960 Speaker 1: of England, to the Dutch Republic and the Emperor Leopold. 211 00:11:33,000 --> 00:11:35,559 Speaker 1: So basically everyone who had tried to sign a treaty 212 00:11:35,679 --> 00:11:38,320 Speaker 1: before Charles the Second passed away. Everyone who might be 213 00:11:38,400 --> 00:11:41,600 Speaker 1: mad that France was now in possession of Spain and 214 00:11:41,640 --> 00:11:46,040 Speaker 1: all of its colony exactly, and these powers were later 215 00:11:46,120 --> 00:11:50,199 Speaker 1: joined by Prussia, Hanover, some other German states and also Portugal. 216 00:11:50,760 --> 00:11:54,040 Speaker 1: So suffice to say, France suffered a lot of losses. 217 00:11:54,559 --> 00:11:57,079 Speaker 1: At one point, Louis the fourteenth even tried to kind 218 00:11:57,080 --> 00:11:59,880 Speaker 1: of back out of the war. He had so many 219 00:12:00,040 --> 00:12:02,160 Speaker 1: losses in Italy and in the Low Countries, he just 220 00:12:02,240 --> 00:12:04,720 Speaker 1: kind of wanted to get out of it. But here 221 00:12:04,760 --> 00:12:07,400 Speaker 1: was the problem. The British wanted him to remove Philip 222 00:12:07,440 --> 00:12:09,200 Speaker 1: from Spain. They wanted that to be part of the 223 00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:12,760 Speaker 1: so called compromise. Louis just refused to do that. Yeah, 224 00:12:12,840 --> 00:12:17,080 Speaker 1: he was willing to almost remove his military support from Spain, 225 00:12:17,120 --> 00:12:20,720 Speaker 1: but not flat out turn its back on his grandson. Right. 226 00:12:20,880 --> 00:12:24,000 Speaker 1: But the tides finally turned on the whole situation when 227 00:12:24,200 --> 00:12:29,160 Speaker 1: Archduke Charles inherited all the Austrian Hapsburg possessions. So at 228 00:12:29,160 --> 00:12:31,040 Speaker 1: that point the British and the Dutch they didn't want 229 00:12:31,080 --> 00:12:34,000 Speaker 1: him to get the Spanish inheritance as well, so they 230 00:12:34,040 --> 00:12:37,600 Speaker 1: all compromised. They signed the Treaty of Utrecht, in which 231 00:12:37,640 --> 00:12:42,400 Speaker 1: Spain lost the Spanish Netherlands and their Italian possessions and 232 00:12:42,720 --> 00:12:45,800 Speaker 1: just kept Spain in the colony. So it sort of 233 00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:48,400 Speaker 1: turned out the way would have if the treaty had 234 00:12:48,400 --> 00:12:51,480 Speaker 1: been honored anyway, except with Philip in charge of Spain, 235 00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:55,800 Speaker 1: and everybody's happy except the Habsburgs that they're not in 236 00:12:55,880 --> 00:12:59,760 Speaker 1: control of most of Europe, right, Something kind of ironic 237 00:12:59,840 --> 00:13:03,280 Speaker 1: was happening here too, though. Although Spain kind of lost 238 00:13:03,320 --> 00:13:05,559 Speaker 1: out a little bit on everything that had happened with 239 00:13:05,600 --> 00:13:09,480 Speaker 1: the Wars of Succession, Philip actually seemed to thrive in 240 00:13:09,720 --> 00:13:13,640 Speaker 1: wartime from a personality standpoint. He found some sort of 241 00:13:13,679 --> 00:13:17,000 Speaker 1: respite from his depressive state. During this time. He actually 242 00:13:17,120 --> 00:13:20,880 Speaker 1: risked his life in battles. He participated fully. Um it was. 243 00:13:20,920 --> 00:13:22,880 Speaker 1: It's actually quite interesting if you think of him being 244 00:13:22,880 --> 00:13:26,199 Speaker 1: considered like kind of a weak, meek personality, but there 245 00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:28,800 Speaker 1: were reports of people dying on either side of him 246 00:13:28,800 --> 00:13:31,559 Speaker 1: in battle. I mean, he really put himself at the forefront, 247 00:13:31,920 --> 00:13:35,120 Speaker 1: and he managed to successfully defend Spain itself even after 248 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:38,160 Speaker 1: battles and the territories were lost. And at one point 249 00:13:38,160 --> 00:13:40,439 Speaker 1: he even kind of stands up to Louie when Louis 250 00:13:41,000 --> 00:13:44,319 Speaker 1: appears to abandon him. In seventeen o nine, when Louis 251 00:13:44,400 --> 00:13:46,840 Speaker 1: tried to back out of the war, Philip wrote to 252 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:50,600 Speaker 1: him and said, God has placed the crown of Spain 253 00:13:50,679 --> 00:13:53,120 Speaker 1: on my head. I shall maintain it as long as 254 00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:55,520 Speaker 1: I have a drop of blood in my veins. I 255 00:13:55,520 --> 00:13:57,920 Speaker 1: owe it to my conscience, to my honor, and to 256 00:13:57,960 --> 00:14:00,240 Speaker 1: the love I received from my subjects. I shall never 257 00:14:00,240 --> 00:14:02,319 Speaker 1: give up Spain. So long as I have life. I 258 00:14:02,360 --> 00:14:05,280 Speaker 1: would rather perish fighting, which is a pretty far cry 259 00:14:05,360 --> 00:14:08,280 Speaker 1: from his earlier statement that he'd rather be back the 260 00:14:08,360 --> 00:14:12,120 Speaker 1: Duke of Anjoux than the King of Spain. Yeah, so 261 00:14:12,160 --> 00:14:14,120 Speaker 1: it appears almost as if he's done this one eight. 262 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,600 Speaker 1: But this is why many Spaniards would later remember him 263 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:19,840 Speaker 1: as a valiant king, the hero of his people, because 264 00:14:19,840 --> 00:14:22,440 Speaker 1: he did go into battle and he was so brave. 265 00:14:23,040 --> 00:14:26,480 Speaker 1: But the biographer that we mentioned Common, he actually believes 266 00:14:26,520 --> 00:14:29,440 Speaker 1: that this was another side to the condition that Philip 267 00:14:29,440 --> 00:14:32,480 Speaker 1: was suffering from. You see, in his book, he proposed 268 00:14:32,600 --> 00:14:35,800 Speaker 1: that the king actually had bipolar disorder, which is sometimes 269 00:14:35,800 --> 00:14:38,840 Speaker 1: known as manic depression, and this had begun in his 270 00:14:38,880 --> 00:14:42,960 Speaker 1: adolescence with these pocketsive depression that we mentioned before, and 271 00:14:43,120 --> 00:14:45,160 Speaker 1: the war that seemed to snap him out of it. 272 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:47,960 Speaker 1: Common suggests was actually this period of high energy in 273 00:14:48,000 --> 00:14:50,560 Speaker 1: which he seemed to get better but he might have 274 00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:53,600 Speaker 1: actually been getting worse because he was experiencing the highs 275 00:14:53,640 --> 00:14:55,840 Speaker 1: and lows that he would oscillate between throughout the rest 276 00:14:55,920 --> 00:14:58,760 Speaker 1: of his life. So well, it seems like war wasn't 277 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:02,240 Speaker 1: really snapping phil out of these depressive states. It did 278 00:15:02,280 --> 00:15:05,080 Speaker 1: seem like his wife had some ability to do that. 279 00:15:05,880 --> 00:15:08,640 Speaker 1: He was married twice during his lifetime. His first wife 280 00:15:08,680 --> 00:15:12,120 Speaker 1: was Marie Louise of Savoy, and they got married right 281 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:15,000 Speaker 1: after Philip became king, and she was really young at 282 00:15:15,000 --> 00:15:18,280 Speaker 1: the time, only thirteen years old, but could pretty much 283 00:15:18,280 --> 00:15:21,480 Speaker 1: hold her own from the start. She tended to the 284 00:15:21,600 --> 00:15:24,440 Speaker 1: affairs of state while he was off fighting in the war. 285 00:15:24,920 --> 00:15:28,200 Speaker 1: She ran the household really well and she kept him happy, 286 00:15:28,280 --> 00:15:30,600 Speaker 1: which was kind of the most important thing for this 287 00:15:31,040 --> 00:15:34,440 Speaker 1: king who suffered from depression so severely he'd be off 288 00:15:34,480 --> 00:15:38,720 Speaker 1: the map. Sometimes. They were really an inseparable couple, and 289 00:15:38,960 --> 00:15:41,760 Speaker 1: he was thought to have really been in love with her, 290 00:15:42,320 --> 00:15:46,520 Speaker 1: and it didn't always make the French and Spanish advisors 291 00:15:46,680 --> 00:15:50,640 Speaker 1: very happy because it was maybe a little he was 292 00:15:50,640 --> 00:15:52,640 Speaker 1: a little too much in love with her. They thought 293 00:15:52,720 --> 00:15:55,360 Speaker 1: he spent a little too much time with her, and 294 00:15:55,360 --> 00:15:57,680 Speaker 1: they were also concerned that she had too much control 295 00:15:57,800 --> 00:16:01,280 Speaker 1: over political decisions being made that she was, in essence, 296 00:16:01,400 --> 00:16:04,920 Speaker 1: his chief advisor. Yeah, at that time, women didn't really 297 00:16:04,960 --> 00:16:07,200 Speaker 1: have a role in government at all, and and men 298 00:16:07,280 --> 00:16:10,160 Speaker 1: really weren't supposed to publicly display so much affection for 299 00:16:10,200 --> 00:16:13,320 Speaker 1: their wives, which Philip certainly did, so he kind of 300 00:16:13,360 --> 00:16:18,040 Speaker 1: went against convention, I guess. But unfortunately, Marie Louise died 301 00:16:18,040 --> 00:16:21,520 Speaker 1: of tuberculosis on February fourteen, seventeen fourteen, so she died 302 00:16:21,640 --> 00:16:25,240 Speaker 1: very young, and Philip was really devastated about it. However, 303 00:16:25,320 --> 00:16:28,120 Speaker 1: it didn't take him very long to remarry and sort 304 00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:31,400 Speaker 1: of get over that loss. A search began almost immediately 305 00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:34,400 Speaker 1: after Marie Louise's death for a new queen, and they 306 00:16:34,400 --> 00:16:37,880 Speaker 1: settled on a woman named Elizabeth Farnaise, who was the 307 00:16:37,960 --> 00:16:40,720 Speaker 1: niece of the Duke of Parma. Right away, the king 308 00:16:40,760 --> 00:16:42,680 Speaker 1: seemed to be as devoted to her as he was 309 00:16:42,760 --> 00:16:45,560 Speaker 1: to his last wife, and according to common she was 310 00:16:45,640 --> 00:16:48,200 Speaker 1: really devoted to him as well. But this is where 311 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:50,560 Speaker 1: accounts tend to differ a bit, so it just depends 312 00:16:50,560 --> 00:16:52,960 Speaker 1: on who you believe. A lot of historians see Pharnise 313 00:16:53,200 --> 00:16:55,960 Speaker 1: is just a dominating wife who, along with her advisor 314 00:16:56,000 --> 00:17:00,280 Speaker 1: Alberoni used to control her husband and really use him 315 00:17:00,320 --> 00:17:04,159 Speaker 1: to pursue her own goals, and her goals were mainly 316 00:17:04,200 --> 00:17:06,840 Speaker 1: to secure a position in her native Italy for her 317 00:17:06,840 --> 00:17:10,040 Speaker 1: own children, because it was Philip's second family of course, 318 00:17:10,280 --> 00:17:13,440 Speaker 1: right Philip already had sons with Marie Louise, and the eldest, 319 00:17:13,480 --> 00:17:15,840 Speaker 1: Don Luis, was already in line for the Spanish throne. 320 00:17:16,160 --> 00:17:18,520 Speaker 1: Common disagrees with this point of view, though he says 321 00:17:18,600 --> 00:17:22,240 Speaker 1: that Philip himself was motivated to fight for Italian territories 322 00:17:22,280 --> 00:17:25,560 Speaker 1: on behalf of his son. So who knows. We we 323 00:17:25,640 --> 00:17:28,320 Speaker 1: really don't know who whose idea it was. I can 324 00:17:28,400 --> 00:17:31,359 Speaker 1: accept a mixture of both of those ideas. I think 325 00:17:31,480 --> 00:17:34,919 Speaker 1: that both parents would have interests in their children. You 326 00:17:34,960 --> 00:17:38,240 Speaker 1: would think so. Regardless, Spain did get caught up in 327 00:17:38,280 --> 00:17:41,280 Speaker 1: conflict with major European powers once again, but this time 328 00:17:41,320 --> 00:17:44,640 Speaker 1: there was a major difference, and that was that France 329 00:17:44,680 --> 00:17:47,639 Speaker 1: actually got involved, and this time they were against Spain. 330 00:17:48,200 --> 00:17:51,800 Speaker 1: I can imagine this is pretty devastating for Philip, who 331 00:17:52,000 --> 00:17:56,440 Speaker 1: so loves France still, and I mean, eventually, Spain does 332 00:17:56,560 --> 00:17:59,640 Speaker 1: have some success and the end they secured a title 333 00:17:59,800 --> 00:18:04,919 Speaker 1: in Parma for Don Carlos later Charles later Charles the 334 00:18:05,000 --> 00:18:08,440 Speaker 1: third one of these sons from the second family. But 335 00:18:09,080 --> 00:18:14,280 Speaker 1: the conflict in the hostility with France was really upsetting 336 00:18:14,320 --> 00:18:17,439 Speaker 1: to fill up. Yeah, it really got to him. He 337 00:18:17,480 --> 00:18:21,040 Speaker 1: had some serious, extended bouts of depression during this period, 338 00:18:21,480 --> 00:18:23,800 Speaker 1: and during this period he would actually have to appoint 339 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:26,680 Speaker 1: for Naise and Alberoni as regents to manage the government 340 00:18:26,680 --> 00:18:29,920 Speaker 1: for periods of time. He was just going through a lot. 341 00:18:30,000 --> 00:18:32,399 Speaker 1: He was obsessed with death. He would think he was 342 00:18:32,480 --> 00:18:35,119 Speaker 1: dying and that he had all these diseases. Just an 343 00:18:35,160 --> 00:18:37,360 Speaker 1: example of one of the things that he went through, 344 00:18:37,359 --> 00:18:40,439 Speaker 1: he thought that the sun had struck his shoulder and 345 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:43,600 Speaker 1: penetrated his inner organs, which would be a disturbing thought, 346 00:18:43,720 --> 00:18:48,359 Speaker 1: I think absolutely. After the conflict ended, though, and Spain 347 00:18:48,400 --> 00:18:51,359 Speaker 1: patched things up with France, Philip still managed to fill 348 00:18:51,359 --> 00:18:54,160 Speaker 1: his role pretty well and pretty adequately. For a few years. 349 00:18:54,240 --> 00:18:57,040 Speaker 1: He kept a semi normal schedule. He took care of 350 00:18:57,080 --> 00:19:00,320 Speaker 1: political decisions, hunted in the afternoons, that was one of 351 00:19:00,320 --> 00:19:03,840 Speaker 1: his favorite pastimes, and he even participated in court activities, 352 00:19:03,880 --> 00:19:07,639 Speaker 1: balls and dancing celebrations, and spent lots and lots of 353 00:19:07,680 --> 00:19:09,960 Speaker 1: time with his queen. They were also like he and 354 00:19:09,960 --> 00:19:12,719 Speaker 1: Marie Louise, they were inseparable, they love to spend time together. 355 00:19:13,080 --> 00:19:16,000 Speaker 1: So things seem to be fairly normal even after these 356 00:19:16,119 --> 00:19:18,600 Speaker 1: massive bouts of depression that he had. He managed to 357 00:19:18,800 --> 00:19:21,520 Speaker 1: gain some sense of normalcy now and again until he 358 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:27,439 Speaker 1: surprises everyone and in January Sevo announced that he was 359 00:19:27,480 --> 00:19:30,760 Speaker 1: resigning the throne and leaving Spain and all of its 360 00:19:30,880 --> 00:19:35,199 Speaker 1: territories to his eldest son, Don Louise. And obviously, a 361 00:19:35,320 --> 00:19:38,879 Speaker 1: king resigning the throne, not a not a particularly old 362 00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:43,680 Speaker 1: or sickly king either, is a shock. And the truly 363 00:19:43,720 --> 00:19:46,400 Speaker 1: shocking thing about it, though, is that it turned out 364 00:19:46,400 --> 00:19:49,000 Speaker 1: that it wasn't a sudden decision. It wasn't just that 365 00:19:49,040 --> 00:19:53,200 Speaker 1: he was suffering more and more from his depression and 366 00:19:53,359 --> 00:19:56,760 Speaker 1: just decided to pull the plug on being king. It 367 00:19:56,880 --> 00:20:00,440 Speaker 1: was something that Philip and Elizabeth too had out about 368 00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:04,200 Speaker 1: for a really long time. Yeah. They first signed a resolution, 369 00:20:04,359 --> 00:20:08,199 Speaker 1: a kind of secret written vow that he would do this, 370 00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:11,000 Speaker 1: he would abdicate the throne. They signed a resolution to 371 00:20:11,000 --> 00:20:15,240 Speaker 1: this effect in seventeen nineteen, following his distress about the 372 00:20:15,320 --> 00:20:18,040 Speaker 1: conflict with France that had gone on while he was 373 00:20:18,119 --> 00:20:21,439 Speaker 1: pursuing interests in Italy, and they repeated this vow that 374 00:20:21,480 --> 00:20:23,679 Speaker 1: they made every year after that. So basically what they 375 00:20:23,720 --> 00:20:26,200 Speaker 1: did is they wrote this vow out on a sheet 376 00:20:26,200 --> 00:20:28,680 Speaker 1: of paper, you know, on such a such a date 377 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:32,280 Speaker 1: in seventeen twenty three, we planned to resign the throne, 378 00:20:32,600 --> 00:20:36,600 Speaker 1: and then every year after that they confirmed it by 379 00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:38,720 Speaker 1: you know, writing a son is confirming their intentions and 380 00:20:38,720 --> 00:20:42,440 Speaker 1: signing underneath it. So this was something they had calculated 381 00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:44,560 Speaker 1: for a long time, or at least Philip had and 382 00:20:44,600 --> 00:20:47,680 Speaker 1: Elizabeth kind of went along with it. That's what we 383 00:20:47,720 --> 00:20:51,520 Speaker 1: can assume, I mean, a very bizarre situation. And the 384 00:20:51,560 --> 00:20:54,359 Speaker 1: reason he gave for resigning his throne was that he 385 00:20:54,400 --> 00:20:58,000 Speaker 1: wanted to serve God free from other cares, to meditate 386 00:20:58,040 --> 00:21:02,719 Speaker 1: on death and see his salvation. And of course Spain, 387 00:21:02,840 --> 00:21:06,640 Speaker 1: even even the pious Spanish, don't quite buy this explanation, 388 00:21:07,359 --> 00:21:09,800 Speaker 1: and a lot of people thought that maybe he just 389 00:21:09,880 --> 00:21:14,200 Speaker 1: wanted to make himself available in case that French throne 390 00:21:14,280 --> 00:21:17,240 Speaker 1: came open, because of course, by being King of Spain, 391 00:21:17,320 --> 00:21:20,560 Speaker 1: he had renounced his claim to the French throne right 392 00:21:20,600 --> 00:21:23,159 Speaker 1: and that was a very real possibility, but common The 393 00:21:23,160 --> 00:21:25,760 Speaker 1: biographer says, that there's really no evidence that this was 394 00:21:25,800 --> 00:21:28,680 Speaker 1: the case. We can only take the information that he 395 00:21:28,720 --> 00:21:31,800 Speaker 1: gave us, the motives that he gave us as as truth. 396 00:21:31,960 --> 00:21:35,880 Speaker 1: But he thinks that these actions, this abducation, also had 397 00:21:35,920 --> 00:21:39,360 Speaker 1: to do with his bipolar disorder. Philip was very preoccupied 398 00:21:39,400 --> 00:21:42,560 Speaker 1: with death, and common suggests that abjucating the throne was 399 00:21:42,680 --> 00:21:46,879 Speaker 1: kind of a type of political suicide, so represented a 400 00:21:47,000 --> 00:21:49,520 Speaker 1: death in that way. Yeah, for this man who was 401 00:21:49,560 --> 00:21:53,840 Speaker 1: obsessed with death. But regardless of his motives, the situation 402 00:21:53,880 --> 00:21:56,800 Speaker 1: didn't last long at all, especially when you consider how 403 00:21:56,800 --> 00:22:01,680 Speaker 1: many years of planning go into it. Because Philip's heir, Louise, 404 00:22:02,000 --> 00:22:06,200 Speaker 1: got smallpox and died in August of seventeen twenty four, 405 00:22:06,280 --> 00:22:09,679 Speaker 1: so that very same year, and on his deathbed, he 406 00:22:10,000 --> 00:22:13,720 Speaker 1: made his father his successor. And Philip didn't really want 407 00:22:13,760 --> 00:22:16,080 Speaker 1: to become king again. I mean, that's like going into 408 00:22:16,160 --> 00:22:20,399 Speaker 1: retirement and coming back right away, but he was convinced. 409 00:22:20,440 --> 00:22:22,959 Speaker 1: He was talked into it since his other sons were 410 00:22:23,000 --> 00:22:27,280 Speaker 1: still considered too young to rule, and the Spanish people 411 00:22:27,359 --> 00:22:30,439 Speaker 1: understandably were not that excited to have him back, this 412 00:22:30,520 --> 00:22:34,720 Speaker 1: guy who's quit on them. Um, they were pretty happy 413 00:22:34,840 --> 00:22:38,840 Speaker 1: with Louise. You know, finally they have this Spanish born king, 414 00:22:39,040 --> 00:22:43,760 Speaker 1: somebody who who knows Spain and appreciate Spain, and they're 415 00:22:43,800 --> 00:22:46,879 Speaker 1: back to their their Bourbon king again. Yeah, back to 416 00:22:46,960 --> 00:22:51,120 Speaker 1: foreigners on the throne. And it's funny that he Philip 417 00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:53,080 Speaker 1: I mean, had been a foreigner on the throne for 418 00:22:53,119 --> 00:22:55,280 Speaker 1: his entire reign, but this was sort of the first 419 00:22:55,320 --> 00:22:58,840 Speaker 1: time that his legitimacy in that position had been questioned, 420 00:22:58,840 --> 00:23:01,080 Speaker 1: so it was kind of a big d But Philip 421 00:23:01,080 --> 00:23:03,639 Speaker 1: at first seems to do reasonably well in his return 422 00:23:03,720 --> 00:23:06,960 Speaker 1: to the throne, though his illness still comes and goes 423 00:23:07,040 --> 00:23:11,040 Speaker 1: now and again. Then, in the first major signs of 424 00:23:11,040 --> 00:23:14,679 Speaker 1: a change in his mental health came about, he started 425 00:23:14,680 --> 00:23:16,880 Speaker 1: doing a few weird things. At this time, he would 426 00:23:16,920 --> 00:23:19,439 Speaker 1: spend several days at a time in bed, and he 427 00:23:19,480 --> 00:23:22,879 Speaker 1: also inverted the order of day and night. So his 428 00:23:22,960 --> 00:23:25,639 Speaker 1: once normal schedule that involves taking care of business in 429 00:23:25,680 --> 00:23:28,800 Speaker 1: the morning and hunting in the afternoons now involved him 430 00:23:28,840 --> 00:23:32,639 Speaker 1: holding audiences with ambassadors at midnight and meeting with his 431 00:23:32,760 --> 00:23:35,800 Speaker 1: ministers in the wee hours of the morning, sometimes finishing 432 00:23:35,800 --> 00:23:39,480 Speaker 1: meetings around dawn. I'm sure they loved that. Um. It 433 00:23:39,560 --> 00:23:43,240 Speaker 1: also became clear that he was thinking about abdicating again, 434 00:23:43,480 --> 00:23:46,159 Speaker 1: which I mean, come on, I don't know if you 435 00:23:46,200 --> 00:23:50,119 Speaker 1: can try that already that twice. This time Elizabeth, instead 436 00:23:50,119 --> 00:23:54,360 Speaker 1: of being his his partner in abdication, managed to stop him, 437 00:23:54,400 --> 00:23:57,119 Speaker 1: and she had to really go to great lengths to 438 00:23:57,200 --> 00:24:00,320 Speaker 1: do so. She took away all the paper or an 439 00:24:00,400 --> 00:24:02,760 Speaker 1: ink from the royal suite so he wouldn't be able 440 00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:06,120 Speaker 1: to dash off a little note of abdication and send 441 00:24:06,160 --> 00:24:08,959 Speaker 1: it onto the appropriate party. And she had a watch 442 00:24:09,040 --> 00:24:11,560 Speaker 1: kept on him at all times too to make sure 443 00:24:11,600 --> 00:24:14,200 Speaker 1: and Casey did get ahold of some ink or let 444 00:24:14,520 --> 00:24:17,960 Speaker 1: some important person know, but still he rebelled, and he 445 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:25,200 Speaker 1: tried these escape attempts from the palace. Escape attempts, escape attempts. Yeah, 446 00:24:25,240 --> 00:24:27,000 Speaker 1: he would try to get out of the palace half 447 00:24:27,080 --> 00:24:29,919 Speaker 1: naked in the early hours of the morning, and she 448 00:24:29,960 --> 00:24:31,919 Speaker 1: would have to have the guards kind of restrain him 449 00:24:31,920 --> 00:24:34,240 Speaker 1: and look out from and bring him back. But by 450 00:24:34,240 --> 00:24:36,960 Speaker 1: that summer everyone at the palace knew about his condition 451 00:24:37,080 --> 00:24:38,800 Speaker 1: because it would be a hard secret to keep. It 452 00:24:38,880 --> 00:24:41,000 Speaker 1: would be a very hard secret to keep. And after 453 00:24:41,040 --> 00:24:43,920 Speaker 1: that things just seemed to get worse. He would give 454 00:24:43,960 --> 00:24:46,919 Speaker 1: audiences to ambassadors dressed only in his night shirt, so 455 00:24:47,000 --> 00:24:50,439 Speaker 1: apparently had some fixation with not being in clothes. But 456 00:24:50,520 --> 00:24:54,440 Speaker 1: in addition to that, he couldn't sleep. He would have terrors, delusions, 457 00:24:54,440 --> 00:24:57,800 Speaker 1: and hallucinations. He was also paranoid, and he thought people 458 00:24:57,800 --> 00:25:00,639 Speaker 1: were plotting to poison him. So there was one story 459 00:25:00,680 --> 00:25:03,399 Speaker 1: that I saw where he would actually wear one of 460 00:25:03,440 --> 00:25:07,040 Speaker 1: Elizabeth's shirts underneath his shirt because there was some shirt 461 00:25:07,080 --> 00:25:08,960 Speaker 1: poisoning thing that was going on at the time. I 462 00:25:09,040 --> 00:25:11,760 Speaker 1: was afraid somebody would would give him a gift of 463 00:25:11,760 --> 00:25:15,480 Speaker 1: a poison shirt, or exactly his laundries somehow get into 464 00:25:15,520 --> 00:25:19,200 Speaker 1: his closet. Maybe at night he would bite himself, scream 465 00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:22,800 Speaker 1: or start singing randomly. Sometimes he would relieve himself in 466 00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:25,520 Speaker 1: his bed. At one time he even believed that he 467 00:25:25,560 --> 00:25:28,000 Speaker 1: was a frog, and at another he believed he was dead. 468 00:25:28,320 --> 00:25:32,600 Speaker 1: So all kinds of extremes going on. He also had 469 00:25:32,680 --> 00:25:35,399 Speaker 1: believe me it too. He would eat voraciously for an 470 00:25:35,400 --> 00:25:38,840 Speaker 1: hour or two at a time without stopping. Also, though 471 00:25:38,840 --> 00:25:42,080 Speaker 1: he started to just generally neglect his person himself. He 472 00:25:42,680 --> 00:25:45,959 Speaker 1: I think when his disease advanced, not necessarily around seventy eight, 473 00:25:46,040 --> 00:25:50,760 Speaker 1: but in the thirties, he wouldn't bathe regularly, he wouldn't 474 00:25:50,800 --> 00:25:52,880 Speaker 1: cut his toe nails. Sometimes he would lie in bed 475 00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:54,520 Speaker 1: for days at a time and really just not take 476 00:25:54,560 --> 00:25:56,160 Speaker 1: care of them at all, so he would have trouble 477 00:25:56,200 --> 00:25:58,239 Speaker 1: walking then when he got up again because his toe 478 00:25:58,320 --> 00:26:00,760 Speaker 1: nails were so long. He also would cut his hair, 479 00:26:01,600 --> 00:26:05,160 Speaker 1: and so it grew to be this kind of crazy 480 00:26:05,800 --> 00:26:08,440 Speaker 1: mass of hair and he would wear a wig over 481 00:26:08,440 --> 00:26:11,720 Speaker 1: it to kind of, I guess, mitigate the situation. But 482 00:26:12,960 --> 00:26:16,840 Speaker 1: it's it's interesting though, in the midst of all of this, 483 00:26:17,119 --> 00:26:19,320 Speaker 1: there was one thing that would kind of snap him 484 00:26:19,320 --> 00:26:21,600 Speaker 1: out of it every now and then and and bring 485 00:26:21,640 --> 00:26:24,080 Speaker 1: him back to a functioning state, and that was the 486 00:26:24,119 --> 00:26:28,160 Speaker 1: idea that he might claim the French throne um. One example, 487 00:26:28,520 --> 00:26:33,600 Speaker 1: he heard that Louis was sick with smallpox in and 488 00:26:33,600 --> 00:26:35,920 Speaker 1: and he did snap out of it briefly. He thought 489 00:26:36,000 --> 00:26:39,440 Speaker 1: that maybe if he was back in France again, all 490 00:26:39,480 --> 00:26:42,399 Speaker 1: his problems would be solved and he could be happy 491 00:26:42,440 --> 00:26:46,040 Speaker 1: and he could go back to the idealized man he 492 00:26:46,040 --> 00:26:49,680 Speaker 1: he thought he once was. Yeah. Again, that was probably 493 00:26:49,720 --> 00:26:53,280 Speaker 1: just another factor in his illness of probably just more delusions, 494 00:26:53,320 --> 00:26:58,960 Speaker 1: because he obviously had a medical disorder that couldn't just 495 00:26:59,000 --> 00:27:01,520 Speaker 1: be fixed by changing location, and there was obviously no 496 00:27:01,600 --> 00:27:04,080 Speaker 1: way for him to go back to get to France. Yeah, well, 497 00:27:04,080 --> 00:27:07,400 Speaker 1: that is also an aspect of it too. Elizabeth Farnese, though, 498 00:27:07,440 --> 00:27:10,320 Speaker 1: stood by him throughout all of this. She ended up 499 00:27:10,320 --> 00:27:13,080 Speaker 1: actually having to take control of government at times when 500 00:27:13,119 --> 00:27:16,680 Speaker 1: he was incapacitated, but she also tried to alleviate his suffering, 501 00:27:16,800 --> 00:27:19,240 Speaker 1: so she was very kind towards him as well. She 502 00:27:19,359 --> 00:27:22,240 Speaker 1: did this in a couple of ways. She traveled with him, 503 00:27:22,359 --> 00:27:25,240 Speaker 1: took him out of Madrid to visit other palaces in Spain, 504 00:27:25,680 --> 00:27:28,800 Speaker 1: in Seville and arn for example, and they did this 505 00:27:28,840 --> 00:27:32,200 Speaker 1: for extended periods of time. I think in Seville especially, 506 00:27:32,200 --> 00:27:34,760 Speaker 1: they spent five years there or something. Moved the entire 507 00:27:34,800 --> 00:27:37,480 Speaker 1: court there and it gave him a change of environment, 508 00:27:37,720 --> 00:27:39,680 Speaker 1: but it also took him out of the public eye, 509 00:27:39,720 --> 00:27:42,280 Speaker 1: so it served a couple of purposes. She also did 510 00:27:42,320 --> 00:27:44,000 Speaker 1: something else to kind of help him out though, and 511 00:27:44,040 --> 00:27:47,679 Speaker 1: help him escape his depression. In seventeen thirty seven, she 512 00:27:47,880 --> 00:27:52,280 Speaker 1: invited a famous Castrado singer known as Farinelli his real 513 00:27:52,359 --> 00:27:55,520 Speaker 1: name was Carlo Broschi, and she invited him to Madrid 514 00:27:55,760 --> 00:27:58,440 Speaker 1: into the palace at that time, Philip was in one 515 00:27:58,440 --> 00:28:01,000 Speaker 1: of his periods of really deep depression, so he was 516 00:28:01,080 --> 00:28:02,960 Speaker 1: lying in bed. I don't think he even attended the 517 00:28:03,000 --> 00:28:05,200 Speaker 1: first performance. Just to give you a little bit of 518 00:28:05,200 --> 00:28:08,760 Speaker 1: background Farinelle before we go on. Farinelli is often called 519 00:28:08,800 --> 00:28:10,920 Speaker 1: one of the greatest singers in the history of opera, 520 00:28:11,400 --> 00:28:14,400 Speaker 1: a quote from Nicholas Clapton, and he created a two 521 00:28:14,440 --> 00:28:18,720 Speaker 1: thousand and six exhibit on Castrati at London's Handle House Museum. 522 00:28:18,760 --> 00:28:22,680 Speaker 1: He said Farinelli was more famous than Madonna, Johnny Depp 523 00:28:22,720 --> 00:28:26,280 Speaker 1: and David Beckham combined. So this would be the equivalent 524 00:28:26,320 --> 00:28:29,480 Speaker 1: of asking David Beckham to your backyard to do free 525 00:28:29,520 --> 00:28:32,560 Speaker 1: kicks or something. Yeah, well you have Madonna perform a 526 00:28:32,640 --> 00:28:36,520 Speaker 1: concert and Johnny to do some improv or something. Pretty 527 00:28:36,560 --> 00:28:42,080 Speaker 1: amazing and hearing Farinelli thing really did help snap Philip 528 00:28:42,120 --> 00:28:44,040 Speaker 1: out of his depression, at least for a little bit. 529 00:28:44,120 --> 00:28:47,560 Speaker 1: So the Queen demanded that Farnelli thing for them every 530 00:28:47,600 --> 00:28:51,600 Speaker 1: single day, and he became a real part of their lives. 531 00:28:51,720 --> 00:28:55,200 Speaker 1: He was given a title which essentially translated to my 532 00:28:55,280 --> 00:28:58,200 Speaker 1: personal assistant, and he did never have to give a 533 00:28:58,320 --> 00:29:02,560 Speaker 1: public concert again. I mean, so imagine people of that 534 00:29:02,600 --> 00:29:06,680 Speaker 1: fame level Madonna or Johnny Depp or somebody just retiring 535 00:29:06,760 --> 00:29:13,600 Speaker 1: to become someone's personal assistant putting on private shows. I mean, unbelievable. Yeah, 536 00:29:13,600 --> 00:29:15,720 Speaker 1: he's saying only for the royal family and lived rent 537 00:29:15,800 --> 00:29:18,280 Speaker 1: free in the Royal Palace, and he set up an 538 00:29:18,320 --> 00:29:21,240 Speaker 1: Italian opera at court, and he was paid under the table, 539 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:23,360 Speaker 1: and he was paid his pay was tax free. He 540 00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:25,120 Speaker 1: was paid the same rate that he was being paid 541 00:29:25,120 --> 00:29:27,640 Speaker 1: in London before he came to Madrid, but didn't have 542 00:29:27,680 --> 00:29:30,080 Speaker 1: to pay taxes. So yeah, really raking it in. But 543 00:29:30,720 --> 00:29:34,600 Speaker 1: you know, some compromises on Farnelli's part. Of course, he 544 00:29:34,640 --> 00:29:38,480 Speaker 1: had to adapt to the king's strange waking hours and 545 00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:41,720 Speaker 1: make himself available at all hours of the night, and 546 00:29:42,080 --> 00:29:45,000 Speaker 1: every single night he would sing eight or nine arias 547 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:48,840 Speaker 1: and the general belief. And I actually thought this was 548 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:53,120 Speaker 1: that Farnelli sang the same songs every single night, which 549 00:29:53,240 --> 00:29:56,000 Speaker 1: makes it a little disturbing. I guess I had heard 550 00:29:56,000 --> 00:29:59,640 Speaker 1: that as well, But apparently he had a much larger 551 00:30:00,000 --> 00:30:03,160 Speaker 1: pitoire that he would sing for the king. Um, I 552 00:30:03,200 --> 00:30:06,920 Speaker 1: think you said that common claimed Farnelli's paper showedy thing 553 00:30:07,040 --> 00:30:10,880 Speaker 1: hundreds of different songs, so so a more more varied 554 00:30:11,680 --> 00:30:15,000 Speaker 1: program going on nightly. But the thing I was kind 555 00:30:15,040 --> 00:30:18,560 Speaker 1: of a therapist. I get a musical therapy therapist position. 556 00:30:18,640 --> 00:30:21,200 Speaker 1: This was maybe the first one of the first examples 557 00:30:21,280 --> 00:30:25,040 Speaker 1: of music therapy out there. But although Philip improved a 558 00:30:25,040 --> 00:30:27,920 Speaker 1: little bit with his music therapy, his basic symptoms never 559 00:30:27,960 --> 00:30:31,320 Speaker 1: really disappeared. He still kept his weird schedule and really 560 00:30:31,360 --> 00:30:34,600 Speaker 1: just continued to decline until he passed away quite suddenly 561 00:30:34,600 --> 00:30:38,760 Speaker 1: on July nine. And this made his son Ferdinand king, 562 00:30:38,880 --> 00:30:41,720 Speaker 1: and that was King Ferdinand the sixth of Spain. And 563 00:30:41,760 --> 00:30:44,240 Speaker 1: at the end many considered him to be mad, so 564 00:30:44,320 --> 00:30:47,760 Speaker 1: it was really kind of quite sad. But in conversations 565 00:30:47,960 --> 00:30:50,440 Speaker 1: most people reported that he was still lucid, and with 566 00:30:50,440 --> 00:30:52,280 Speaker 1: the help of his advisors, he was able to make 567 00:30:52,320 --> 00:30:56,160 Speaker 1: many economic and governmental reforms throughout his reign. So who 568 00:30:56,200 --> 00:30:59,280 Speaker 1: knows if Commons theory about bipolar disorder was correct, but 569 00:30:59,520 --> 00:31:02,520 Speaker 1: I think, judging from reports and things that people say 570 00:31:02,520 --> 00:31:04,239 Speaker 1: about meeting with him at the time, he was at 571 00:31:04,280 --> 00:31:07,000 Speaker 1: least able to seem lucid. He was able at least 572 00:31:07,040 --> 00:31:09,959 Speaker 1: to seem like he was saying when you spoke to him, 573 00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:12,320 Speaker 1: and I mean, he if we're going to go back 574 00:31:12,320 --> 00:31:15,320 Speaker 1: to the Bourbon series here, I mean he is at 575 00:31:15,320 --> 00:31:17,960 Speaker 1: the beginning of a line that, as you mentioned at 576 00:31:18,000 --> 00:31:20,680 Speaker 1: the beginning, does still exist today. I think it's been 577 00:31:21,160 --> 00:31:23,760 Speaker 1: one of the fun aspects of this Bourbon series has 578 00:31:23,800 --> 00:31:27,720 Speaker 1: been covering the beginning and ends of these lines from 579 00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:31,760 Speaker 1: from Henry and now his his head that was relocated, 580 00:31:31,920 --> 00:31:35,800 Speaker 1: and the strange Comte de Chambourg, the last French Bourbon 581 00:31:37,280 --> 00:31:40,800 Speaker 1: Philip for Spanish. It's interesting to see the group of 582 00:31:40,800 --> 00:31:42,680 Speaker 1: people when you put them that way, and the and 583 00:31:42,720 --> 00:31:47,560 Speaker 1: the type of people who found lines and who in them. Yeah, definitely, 584 00:31:47,920 --> 00:31:50,920 Speaker 1: he's he was a he was a good founder. I 585 00:31:50,960 --> 00:31:55,040 Speaker 1: think he's still strange bird, the strange bird, definitely. But 586 00:31:55,560 --> 00:31:57,000 Speaker 1: you know, like we said, he was known for a 587 00:31:57,000 --> 00:31:59,280 Speaker 1: lot of reforms and also known, i think especially for 588 00:31:59,320 --> 00:32:02,040 Speaker 1: building up the Spanish navy. So he did a lot. 589 00:32:02,200 --> 00:32:05,280 Speaker 1: And Elizabeth also stuck around for a long time as well. 590 00:32:05,320 --> 00:32:08,520 Speaker 1: She actually outlived Ferdinand um and ended up acting as 591 00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:11,600 Speaker 1: regent for a few months before her son Charles the 592 00:32:11,640 --> 00:32:14,760 Speaker 1: Third came back to Spain to rule, so she was 593 00:32:14,800 --> 00:32:18,560 Speaker 1: around and Parnelli was in the picture for a while too. 594 00:32:18,680 --> 00:32:21,680 Speaker 1: He ended up really achieving distinction as a Spanish and Presario, 595 00:32:21,960 --> 00:32:24,640 Speaker 1: and he took an active role in public affairs. To 596 00:32:25,240 --> 00:32:27,600 Speaker 1: Charles the Third, I think eventually dismissed him because they 597 00:32:27,600 --> 00:32:30,280 Speaker 1: had political differences, but he still was around for a 598 00:32:30,280 --> 00:32:32,680 Speaker 1: while and ended up retiring peacefully to Italy and was 599 00:32:32,760 --> 00:32:35,400 Speaker 1: very wealthy at the time. So and of Lenna and 600 00:32:35,440 --> 00:32:38,560 Speaker 1: I were talking about how we might have to revisit 601 00:32:38,800 --> 00:32:42,200 Speaker 1: some of these famous castrati, just because I mean, I 602 00:32:42,240 --> 00:32:45,160 Speaker 1: knew y'all are interested in that. You'd have to be right, Yeah, 603 00:32:45,200 --> 00:32:48,840 Speaker 1: And there's an exhamation involved. There is an exhamation. Paranelli's 604 00:32:48,880 --> 00:32:52,240 Speaker 1: body was exhumed in two thousand six for study. So 605 00:32:52,880 --> 00:32:56,240 Speaker 1: you know, we began with the head, we began the 606 00:32:56,280 --> 00:32:58,239 Speaker 1: burn series with the head, and now we're ending with 607 00:32:58,280 --> 00:33:02,120 Speaker 1: exhumes remains something else. We had to book end it 608 00:33:02,200 --> 00:33:05,840 Speaker 1: like that. Well, um, yeah, so that's that's the end 609 00:33:05,840 --> 00:33:08,560 Speaker 1: of the bourbon series. I'm sure we will, of course 610 00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:11,120 Speaker 1: revisit this family. How could we not, How could we 611 00:33:11,160 --> 00:33:14,680 Speaker 1: not revisit people at least influenced by the bourbon Um. 612 00:33:14,680 --> 00:33:18,120 Speaker 1: But it's been it's been pretty interesting talking about all 613 00:33:18,120 --> 00:33:21,040 Speaker 1: these different rulers and the people close to them, people 614 00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:25,000 Speaker 1: associated with them, I always like a good series. The 615 00:33:25,080 --> 00:33:27,640 Speaker 1: series was fun. It was fun to see how everybody 616 00:33:27,720 --> 00:33:31,560 Speaker 1: was connected, and just also explore some of the tinier 617 00:33:31,640 --> 00:33:33,400 Speaker 1: stories too. I think, just pull out some of these 618 00:33:33,440 --> 00:33:39,040 Speaker 1: little intrigues and um, random medical conditions that we didn't 619 00:33:39,080 --> 00:33:43,000 Speaker 1: know people have medical conditions. Yes, um, so yeah, if 620 00:33:43,000 --> 00:33:46,360 Speaker 1: you have any more suggestions for cool series, I mean 621 00:33:46,400 --> 00:33:48,920 Speaker 1: it'll probably be a little while, but we're always that 622 00:33:49,200 --> 00:33:52,520 Speaker 1: for a series. As we mentioned, it's fun to to 623 00:33:52,640 --> 00:33:56,560 Speaker 1: just enter that world completely. Um. Feel free to drop 624 00:33:56,640 --> 00:33:59,560 Speaker 1: us a note. We're on Twitter at Myston history, We're 625 00:33:59,560 --> 00:34:01,479 Speaker 1: on Phase fuck, and you can also send us an 626 00:34:01,520 --> 00:34:04,680 Speaker 1: email at History podcast at how stuff works dot com. 627 00:34:04,720 --> 00:34:07,400 Speaker 1: We'd love to hear your ideas. Yeah, and if you 628 00:34:07,440 --> 00:34:09,759 Speaker 1: would like to learn a little bit more about how 629 00:34:09,800 --> 00:34:14,239 Speaker 1: bipolar disorder works, maybe compare what you read to some 630 00:34:14,360 --> 00:34:17,200 Speaker 1: of the symptoms that Philip the Fifth pad. You can 631 00:34:17,239 --> 00:34:19,640 Speaker 1: look up a story about it on our website just 632 00:34:19,719 --> 00:34:23,360 Speaker 1: by visiting our homepage and typing in bipolar disorder at 633 00:34:23,480 --> 00:34:30,520 Speaker 1: www dot how stuff works dot com. For more on 634 00:34:30,600 --> 00:34:33,160 Speaker 1: this and thousands of other topics, visit how stuff works 635 00:34:33,200 --> 00:34:35,880 Speaker 1: dot com. To learn more about the podcast, click on 636 00:34:35,920 --> 00:34:38,840 Speaker 1: the podcast icon in the upper right corner of our homepage. 637 00:34:39,600 --> 00:34:42,200 Speaker 1: The How Stuff Works iPhone up has a rise. Download 638 00:34:42,239 --> 00:34:43,600 Speaker 1: it today on iTunes