1 00:00:01,080 --> 00:00:04,240 Speaker 1: Welcome to you Stuff you Should Know from House Stuff 2 00:00:04,240 --> 00:00:12,560 Speaker 1: Works dot com. Hey, and welcome to the podcast. I'm 3 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:16,440 Speaker 1: Josh Clark with guess who tell him tell him home 4 00:00:16,520 --> 00:00:20,720 Speaker 1: with Chuck Chuck. I'm with Chuck and Jerry's in the 5 00:00:20,800 --> 00:00:23,040 Speaker 1: room as well, And since the three of us are 6 00:00:23,079 --> 00:00:31,080 Speaker 1: together in this room, we have that's right, the podcast. Um. 7 00:00:31,280 --> 00:00:34,120 Speaker 1: I am so excited about this podcast. I knew you 8 00:00:34,159 --> 00:00:36,440 Speaker 1: would be, so much so that I'm worried about it because, 9 00:00:36,600 --> 00:00:39,720 Speaker 1: as you know, in anybody who even like occasionally listens 10 00:00:39,760 --> 00:00:42,040 Speaker 1: to the Stuff you should Know is aware of the 11 00:00:42,080 --> 00:00:46,240 Speaker 1: more excited I get about a topic, the poorer job 12 00:00:46,640 --> 00:00:50,519 Speaker 1: I do at explaining it. Yeah, so you already did it. 13 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:54,640 Speaker 1: I should have said, the poorer the job I do. Yeah, 14 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:58,520 Speaker 1: it's true. So I'm just gonna try to remain calm 15 00:00:58,560 --> 00:01:00,760 Speaker 1: because all we're talking about magna. It's after all, you know, 16 00:01:01,360 --> 00:01:04,319 Speaker 1: And that's the way I feel. We usually balance each 17 00:01:04,319 --> 00:01:06,920 Speaker 1: other up nicely like that. But you don't think that 18 00:01:07,000 --> 00:01:11,600 Speaker 1: there is some a certain cash to walking around understanding 19 00:01:12,319 --> 00:01:15,600 Speaker 1: how a magnet works? Do you realize what percentage of 20 00:01:15,600 --> 00:01:19,800 Speaker 1: the population you're a member of for knowing that maybe maybe, 21 00:01:19,800 --> 00:01:23,640 Speaker 1: and this is a guess like point zero zero to 22 00:01:23,880 --> 00:01:27,880 Speaker 1: nine percent of the human populations how magnets work. I 23 00:01:27,920 --> 00:01:31,280 Speaker 1: don't know anybody else until we selected this and started 24 00:01:31,319 --> 00:01:34,840 Speaker 1: reading it besides Tracy Wilson, who knew how magnets work. 25 00:01:35,000 --> 00:01:37,680 Speaker 1: I think you are underestimating the curiosity of the general 26 00:01:37,760 --> 00:01:40,440 Speaker 1: public for people to look up this stuff on their own. 27 00:01:40,800 --> 00:01:43,119 Speaker 1: All right, Um, I would like to hear from people 28 00:01:43,160 --> 00:01:45,240 Speaker 1: if you already knew how magnets act. Like if we 29 00:01:45,280 --> 00:01:48,640 Speaker 1: don't tell people this and they're just dumb dummies walking up, 30 00:01:48,680 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 1: I don't think that. That's not at all what I think. 31 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:54,800 Speaker 1: But I will get corrections on this, and I think 32 00:01:54,800 --> 00:01:59,120 Speaker 1: that will prove that people know this and more. If 33 00:01:59,160 --> 00:02:02,320 Speaker 1: you're if you're a is a cyst whose specialty is 34 00:02:02,440 --> 00:02:05,680 Speaker 1: the electro magnetic crack in their knuckles right now and listening, 35 00:02:06,360 --> 00:02:09,280 Speaker 1: then yes, we're gonna mess things up, it's true. But 36 00:02:09,880 --> 00:02:13,839 Speaker 1: we have a general, good, well i'd say, fairly detailed 37 00:02:14,280 --> 00:02:18,600 Speaker 1: idea of why magnets exist. That's right, and we're gonna 38 00:02:18,639 --> 00:02:22,120 Speaker 1: explain that to everybody. But nic not in any way, 39 00:02:22,160 --> 00:02:26,000 Speaker 1: shape or form in a condescending manner. No, no, no, no, 40 00:02:26,160 --> 00:02:28,800 Speaker 1: because all we did was research and it's right. It's 41 00:02:28,800 --> 00:02:31,760 Speaker 1: not like we're making magnets here. No, we're just talking 42 00:02:31,800 --> 00:02:35,760 Speaker 1: about them. You know, they discovered these in Magnesia in Greece. 43 00:02:35,919 --> 00:02:41,080 Speaker 1: Did you know that what magnets like natural magnets? Yeah, 44 00:02:41,120 --> 00:02:48,680 Speaker 1: like loadstone in Magnesia increase. Is that really a place Magnesia? Absolutely, 45 00:02:49,120 --> 00:02:52,760 Speaker 1: you're not pulling my leg Nope, okay, but it was loadstone, 46 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:55,880 Speaker 1: a type of magnetite. It was magnetite because that's the 47 00:02:55,880 --> 00:03:01,000 Speaker 1: strongest naturally occurring magnet, right, Like you can attract a 48 00:03:01,000 --> 00:03:03,880 Speaker 1: paper clip just with this rock. That's pretty cool. Yeah. 49 00:03:03,880 --> 00:03:07,000 Speaker 1: It is even cooler, though, are the ones that humans 50 00:03:07,000 --> 00:03:10,680 Speaker 1: have conquered and mastered and own. That's right, because all 51 00:03:10,720 --> 00:03:13,799 Speaker 1: the magnets you come in contact with on a daily basis, 52 00:03:13,840 --> 00:03:18,160 Speaker 1: maybe a weekly basis, um have been manipulated by humanity. 53 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:21,840 Speaker 1: I never come into contact with magnets. You know something, 54 00:03:22,360 --> 00:03:24,760 Speaker 1: It's hard to find a decent magnet these days in 55 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:27,240 Speaker 1: an average store, Like you have to like mail off 56 00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:31,119 Speaker 1: for him. Yeah, And I don't have a refrigerator magnets 57 00:03:31,120 --> 00:03:35,240 Speaker 1: because you know, the stainless steel uh fridges, you can't 58 00:03:35,240 --> 00:03:37,560 Speaker 1: put a magnet on them. That's so weird. You can 59 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:39,920 Speaker 1: put on the side. So we have a few. You know, 60 00:03:40,000 --> 00:03:41,840 Speaker 1: you get magnets over the court of your life, whether 61 00:03:41,880 --> 00:03:45,040 Speaker 1: it's like the pizza delivery guy has, like we have 62 00:03:45,080 --> 00:03:46,920 Speaker 1: one in the shape of a pizza slice with their 63 00:03:47,000 --> 00:03:49,680 Speaker 1: number on it, you do, and that's on the side, 64 00:03:49,800 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 1: and like our vet, like we have a vet magnet 65 00:03:52,880 --> 00:03:55,920 Speaker 1: in this shape of a pizza slice the number and 66 00:03:55,960 --> 00:04:00,840 Speaker 1: then like you know, random random people have given me 67 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:02,800 Speaker 1: magnets here and there, which I'll throw up there on 68 00:04:02,800 --> 00:04:05,200 Speaker 1: the side. That's good. Those are nice me mentos. You 69 00:04:05,240 --> 00:04:11,160 Speaker 1: mean you did, Yeah, that's nice. That's great. So anyway, 70 00:04:11,160 --> 00:04:14,280 Speaker 1: I don't have a lot of magnets or experience with magnets, 71 00:04:14,280 --> 00:04:16,200 Speaker 1: but I understand them now now that you say that, 72 00:04:16,360 --> 00:04:19,520 Speaker 1: I realized that I have more experience than I realized 73 00:04:19,560 --> 00:04:21,919 Speaker 1: with magnets, because we really you mean, I do have 74 00:04:21,960 --> 00:04:27,360 Speaker 1: a pretty good magnet collection fridge um. But yeah, it is. 75 00:04:28,160 --> 00:04:30,440 Speaker 1: It always struck me as weird that like stainless steel 76 00:04:31,279 --> 00:04:34,960 Speaker 1: wouldn't you couldn't put a magnet on that. I understand 77 00:04:34,960 --> 00:04:38,719 Speaker 1: why stainless steel is not a fairest metal. That's right. 78 00:04:39,440 --> 00:04:41,280 Speaker 1: You have to have a fairest metal, like something to 79 00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:47,359 Speaker 1: say iron nickel, cobalt aluminum. Even really, I think so 80 00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:52,440 Speaker 1: because there's a type of male magnet called the Alnico magnet, 81 00:04:53,360 --> 00:04:56,800 Speaker 1: and that's aluminum, nickel, cobalt alloy. Yeah, that have If 82 00:04:56,800 --> 00:04:58,880 Speaker 1: you've got a really good guitar amp, you might have 83 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:04,680 Speaker 1: an Alnico seker. Yeah, they're they're pricing. Oh yeah. I 84 00:05:04,720 --> 00:05:06,920 Speaker 1: can imagine like you can buy the speaker separately and 85 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:08,320 Speaker 1: like switch it out in your amp to make your 86 00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:10,120 Speaker 1: amp some better, which I have been meaning to do 87 00:05:10,200 --> 00:05:12,000 Speaker 1: for years. But they're just kind of pricing. It's like 88 00:05:12,000 --> 00:05:15,400 Speaker 1: foucks just for the speaker. But how's this sound? Well, 89 00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:19,960 Speaker 1: I'm told it's great. But music guys here much more 90 00:05:19,960 --> 00:05:23,200 Speaker 1: than I do, like real real music guys. They're like, 91 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:25,520 Speaker 1: can't you have the difference. Then I'll be like, yeah, sort, 92 00:05:26,080 --> 00:05:29,440 Speaker 1: are these music guys also al Nico speaker salesman? Yeah? Probably? 93 00:05:29,440 --> 00:05:31,960 Speaker 1: So all right, So let's get so this is what 94 00:05:32,080 --> 00:05:36,040 Speaker 1: I like about this article. It goes like basic, too specific, 95 00:05:36,880 --> 00:05:39,080 Speaker 1: and you can start with the basics about magnets. They 96 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 1: attract specific metals, as we said, typically fairest metals. Uh. 97 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:46,560 Speaker 1: They have a north and south pole. All magnets do. 98 00:05:46,839 --> 00:05:50,400 Speaker 1: There's no north and east polled magnet, and the Earth 99 00:05:50,440 --> 00:05:52,080 Speaker 1: is the biggest magnet of all. I guess it is, 100 00:05:52,240 --> 00:05:57,000 Speaker 1: at least on Earth. Opposite poles attract one another like 101 00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:00,520 Speaker 1: poles repel one another. They hate each other. That's right. 102 00:06:01,480 --> 00:06:04,359 Speaker 1: Magnetic and electrical fields are related. And we're going to 103 00:06:04,400 --> 00:06:08,960 Speaker 1: explain why I'm so excited. And magnetism I think I 104 00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:12,119 Speaker 1: said electro magnetism earlier, so you can put your email 105 00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:15,440 Speaker 1: away because I'm correcting myself. Is one of the four 106 00:06:15,440 --> 00:06:18,839 Speaker 1: fundamental forces of the universe. Right, that's right, with gravity 107 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:23,560 Speaker 1: and the strong and weak nuclear forces. That's right. That's magnets. 108 00:06:23,600 --> 00:06:27,400 Speaker 1: That's a great intro um magnets the object itself or 109 00:06:27,560 --> 00:06:30,880 Speaker 1: a magnet is an object in itself, Uh, that produces 110 00:06:30,880 --> 00:06:34,039 Speaker 1: a magnetic field, and it's gonna attract like you said, 111 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:39,000 Speaker 1: ferrous metals, and uh. There can be permanent magnets um 112 00:06:39,040 --> 00:06:42,279 Speaker 1: a k A. Hard magnets and they always have a 113 00:06:42,320 --> 00:06:45,600 Speaker 1: magnetic field going. And then you have the temporary magnets 114 00:06:45,760 --> 00:06:49,080 Speaker 1: a k A. Soft magnets, and they just produce a 115 00:06:49,120 --> 00:06:52,560 Speaker 1: magnetic field when they're in the presence of h or 116 00:06:53,160 --> 00:06:54,920 Speaker 1: when they're in the presence of a magnetic field, and 117 00:06:54,960 --> 00:06:56,800 Speaker 1: only for a short time and then for a little 118 00:06:56,839 --> 00:07:01,160 Speaker 1: bit thereafter, like once it's gone once yeah, and then electromagnets. 119 00:07:01,200 --> 00:07:03,440 Speaker 1: When you apply an electrical current to some magnets, they 120 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:06,039 Speaker 1: become magnetic. That's right. And if you have a doorbell, 121 00:07:06,120 --> 00:07:09,320 Speaker 1: you probably have an electromagnet in your house. Yeah, the doorbell, 122 00:07:10,240 --> 00:07:12,720 Speaker 1: I looked it up. It's it's more complicated than you 123 00:07:12,720 --> 00:07:15,640 Speaker 1: would think. It's it's like a contract. It's like a 124 00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:22,440 Speaker 1: Rube Goldbergesque contraption that that is apparently pretty standard uses electromagnets. 125 00:07:22,480 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 1: It's the Actually, if you're interested in that, there's an 126 00:07:24,560 --> 00:07:27,440 Speaker 1: article how doorbells work on how Stuff Works dot com. Yeah, 127 00:07:27,520 --> 00:07:29,720 Speaker 1: isn't it weird that the door or maybe it's just 128 00:07:29,800 --> 00:07:32,680 Speaker 1: me as a missing throw, but like the sound of 129 00:07:32,680 --> 00:07:35,040 Speaker 1: a doorbell, now it's not like, oh, I wonder who's here? 130 00:07:35,080 --> 00:07:37,720 Speaker 1: It's a crap who's here? Right? Because no one just 131 00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:41,960 Speaker 1: drops by anymore? Right? Either that or like they know yeah, yeah, 132 00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:46,840 Speaker 1: so chuck um. The magnets that you typically have, like 133 00:07:46,920 --> 00:07:51,040 Speaker 1: your pizza pizza boy magnet um or like the circle 134 00:07:51,080 --> 00:07:53,840 Speaker 1: ones that are probably the best example, just a ring, 135 00:07:53,920 --> 00:07:57,160 Speaker 1: that magnetic ring that you see, yeah, and grew up 136 00:07:57,160 --> 00:08:00,000 Speaker 1: with those are a specific type and they're called um 137 00:08:00,080 --> 00:08:05,120 Speaker 1: ceramic magnets, and they're probably the weakest magnets commercially available, 138 00:08:05,200 --> 00:08:09,280 Speaker 1: except for the pizza slice ones, right, because that's almost 139 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:13,480 Speaker 1: like a sticker. Yeah, I mean it's connected to or 140 00:08:13,520 --> 00:08:17,160 Speaker 1: it's got a you know, a topper on it with 141 00:08:17,200 --> 00:08:23,320 Speaker 1: printing topper. That's that's there's the topper, the pizza slice toper. 142 00:08:24,280 --> 00:08:27,679 Speaker 1: But with the ceramic magnet, it's um. It's magnetic material 143 00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:32,200 Speaker 1: mixed with ceramics and it kind of cuts it um 144 00:08:32,360 --> 00:08:34,679 Speaker 1: and it makes it a little weak, Yeah, but good 145 00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:36,199 Speaker 1: enough to stick on the fridge, which is all you're 146 00:08:36,200 --> 00:08:39,880 Speaker 1: looking for. And it's cheap, very cheap. You already mentioned 147 00:08:39,880 --> 00:08:44,679 Speaker 1: the Alnico magnets, which are more expensive and like you said, aluminum, nickel, 148 00:08:44,720 --> 00:08:48,480 Speaker 1: and cobalt, and they are stronger than ceramic obviously, but 149 00:08:48,640 --> 00:08:51,160 Speaker 1: not as strong as the ones we're about to talk about, 150 00:08:51,360 --> 00:09:00,320 Speaker 1: like uh neodymium magnets or sammari um samarium. You gotta 151 00:09:00,360 --> 00:09:07,559 Speaker 1: be kidding, Samariam, Okay, Samariam. Both of those magnets incorporate 152 00:09:07,679 --> 00:09:12,760 Speaker 1: rare earth metals which are extremely magnetic or when combining 153 00:09:12,840 --> 00:09:15,880 Speaker 1: an alloy, can be very magnetic It's true. And now 154 00:09:15,880 --> 00:09:18,240 Speaker 1: they even have uh and this is something I never knew. 155 00:09:18,360 --> 00:09:22,560 Speaker 1: They have a plastic magnets called magnetic polymers uh. And 156 00:09:22,760 --> 00:09:24,600 Speaker 1: I guess those are pret used in just very certain 157 00:09:24,640 --> 00:09:29,959 Speaker 1: applications like cold cold temperature applications, or maybe that's what's 158 00:09:30,040 --> 00:09:33,839 Speaker 1: on your pizza slice magnet or it says they pick 159 00:09:33,920 --> 00:09:36,200 Speaker 1: up very only very lightweight things like iron fillings. So 160 00:09:36,200 --> 00:09:40,240 Speaker 1: I wonder if that's what you use with like your uh. 161 00:09:40,480 --> 00:09:43,040 Speaker 1: You remember the little little toy kids thing where you 162 00:09:43,040 --> 00:09:46,120 Speaker 1: could had a guy's face and I had the little 163 00:09:46,160 --> 00:09:48,760 Speaker 1: iron fillings and you can move it around and make 164 00:09:48,800 --> 00:09:51,079 Speaker 1: a beard or a mustache or whatever. I bet that's 165 00:09:51,080 --> 00:09:53,360 Speaker 1: what that is. What was that call? I don't know, 166 00:09:53,559 --> 00:09:56,599 Speaker 1: old timey toy number two seventy three a sketch, not 167 00:09:56,679 --> 00:09:59,439 Speaker 1: a hugo, something like that. And why was it that 168 00:09:59,520 --> 00:10:02,800 Speaker 1: anybody who had a beard. From the nineteen forties to 169 00:10:02,840 --> 00:10:06,200 Speaker 1: the nineteen sixties, any child's toy was like the most 170 00:10:06,600 --> 00:10:11,040 Speaker 1: disturbing looking creature you could come up with. You think, oh, yeah, 171 00:10:11,400 --> 00:10:14,320 Speaker 1: have you ever heard of rushed in dolls? They had 172 00:10:14,360 --> 00:10:16,839 Speaker 1: They were this very successful toy company and they came 173 00:10:16,880 --> 00:10:19,240 Speaker 1: out with a line of hobo dolls that were like 174 00:10:19,280 --> 00:10:22,280 Speaker 1: the scariest things you've ever seen in your life, like 175 00:10:22,360 --> 00:10:25,559 Speaker 1: they were meant to damage children. Obviously, we'll keep them 176 00:10:25,559 --> 00:10:29,640 Speaker 1: from hopping trains probably, I guess, you know, yeah, play 177 00:10:29,679 --> 00:10:32,120 Speaker 1: with it at home on the road, Yeah, if you 178 00:10:32,200 --> 00:10:35,880 Speaker 1: hop trains. Interesting. Uh, let's see. Oh, I made a 179 00:10:35,880 --> 00:10:38,640 Speaker 1: blog post actually called twenty seven and the most unintentionally 180 00:10:38,720 --> 00:10:41,760 Speaker 1: terrifying dolls you've ever seen or ever created. It's like 181 00:10:41,800 --> 00:10:44,079 Speaker 1: almost every doll in my opinion. You should see the slides. 182 00:10:44,160 --> 00:10:46,680 Speaker 1: It's pretty good. I'll check it up. Okay, So let's 183 00:10:46,679 --> 00:10:49,480 Speaker 1: talk about making magnets chuckers. All right, Well you talked 184 00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:52,760 Speaker 1: about load stone, uh, form of magnetite, and that is, 185 00:10:53,480 --> 00:10:56,680 Speaker 1: you know, the natural strongest natural magnet You don't have 186 00:10:56,720 --> 00:11:00,120 Speaker 1: to do anything to it. Um. So, I guess the 187 00:11:00,160 --> 00:11:02,880 Speaker 1: discovery of loadstone and the fact that it attractive metals 188 00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:06,439 Speaker 1: made people start to tinker around with it. And um, 189 00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,320 Speaker 1: I guess around the twelfth century people figured out that 190 00:11:09,440 --> 00:11:12,160 Speaker 1: if you took a little iron pin and he took 191 00:11:12,200 --> 00:11:15,040 Speaker 1: some loadstone, and you petted it in the same direction, 192 00:11:16,240 --> 00:11:20,760 Speaker 1: preferably in a north northern direction, like you, you could 193 00:11:20,840 --> 00:11:23,840 Speaker 1: magnetize that iron filling and if you suspended it in 194 00:11:23,920 --> 00:11:26,960 Speaker 1: something like water in a leaf. For anyone who's seen 195 00:11:27,000 --> 00:11:33,960 Speaker 1: that movie with Alec Baldwin and um Anthony Hopkins, the 196 00:11:34,120 --> 00:11:37,440 Speaker 1: edge they magnetize like a needle and put it in 197 00:11:37,520 --> 00:11:40,400 Speaker 1: like a water filled leaf and it they figure out 198 00:11:40,400 --> 00:11:42,360 Speaker 1: which way is north through. I knew had seen that before. 199 00:11:42,559 --> 00:11:47,720 Speaker 1: So that's uh, that's basically magnetizing a pin using loadstone. 200 00:11:48,080 --> 00:11:51,360 Speaker 1: That's how the earliest compasses were made. Very cool. So 201 00:11:51,440 --> 00:11:54,080 Speaker 1: what's going on here, and this is sort of the basis, 202 00:11:54,160 --> 00:11:56,080 Speaker 1: and we'll break it down to, like you said, a 203 00:11:56,120 --> 00:11:59,760 Speaker 1: more molecular level. But what's going on here is something 204 00:12:00,000 --> 00:12:03,360 Speaker 1: own as a region called a magnetic domain, and it 205 00:12:03,480 --> 00:12:07,040 Speaker 1: is actually part of the physical structure of any uh, 206 00:12:07,160 --> 00:12:11,800 Speaker 1: ferromagnetic material. So we're talking again iron, cobalt, and nickel largely, 207 00:12:12,600 --> 00:12:15,960 Speaker 1: and each one is like its own tiny little magnet 208 00:12:16,480 --> 00:12:18,320 Speaker 1: right there. It's got its own little north pole, its 209 00:12:18,320 --> 00:12:24,079 Speaker 1: own little south pole, and um they if it's unmagnetized, 210 00:12:24,320 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 1: then this stuff is just gonna be random and pointing 211 00:12:26,640 --> 00:12:29,240 Speaker 1: in all different directions. Right. The domain has its own 212 00:12:29,320 --> 00:12:31,679 Speaker 1: north and south pole, but it's not necessarily aligned with 213 00:12:31,880 --> 00:12:34,080 Speaker 1: the north and south pole. On Earth, right, they're just 214 00:12:34,280 --> 00:12:36,839 Speaker 1: kind of a skew. If it's magnetized, they're all pointing 215 00:12:36,840 --> 00:12:40,480 Speaker 1: in the same direction, right, Yes, that's that's pretty much 216 00:12:40,520 --> 00:12:42,360 Speaker 1: all you have to do is figure out how to 217 00:12:43,120 --> 00:12:46,200 Speaker 1: um get all of those magnetic domains to align in 218 00:12:46,240 --> 00:12:49,120 Speaker 1: the same north south line, yeah, because if they're not, 219 00:12:49,160 --> 00:12:53,440 Speaker 1: they're just canceling each other out exactly. So, um, the 220 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:55,679 Speaker 1: more domains that you have pointing in the same direction, 221 00:12:55,960 --> 00:13:00,760 Speaker 1: the more powerful magnet you have, UM, and the in 222 00:13:00,880 --> 00:13:02,840 Speaker 1: each of these little domains you can just kind of 223 00:13:02,880 --> 00:13:04,680 Speaker 1: I almost see it as like a little pocket in 224 00:13:04,679 --> 00:13:11,120 Speaker 1: the molecular makeup of this, like an iron. Um. The 225 00:13:11,160 --> 00:13:14,320 Speaker 1: north pole of one domain flows into the south pole 226 00:13:14,320 --> 00:13:16,480 Speaker 1: of the domain in front of it. If they're all 227 00:13:16,520 --> 00:13:18,839 Speaker 1: aligned and you add a bunch of these up, they 228 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:23,760 Speaker 1: produce one large magnetic field for the magnet as a whole, right, Yeah, 229 00:13:23,800 --> 00:13:26,200 Speaker 1: which explains why if you you know, if you do 230 00:13:26,240 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 1: the old trick in elementary school, or you bring one 231 00:13:28,000 --> 00:13:30,720 Speaker 1: magnet close to the other one, it'll either repel it 232 00:13:31,040 --> 00:13:34,400 Speaker 1: or you know, snap it together like one larger magnet, right, 233 00:13:34,400 --> 00:13:38,640 Speaker 1: Because the force, this magnetic force is going into out 234 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:41,560 Speaker 1: of the north pole of the magnet and into the 235 00:13:41,600 --> 00:13:44,360 Speaker 1: south pole of the magnet in front of it. Very dirty, 236 00:13:44,880 --> 00:13:48,360 Speaker 1: it is right. Um. Or if you take the north 237 00:13:48,400 --> 00:13:50,480 Speaker 1: pole of one magnet north pole of another magnet and 238 00:13:50,480 --> 00:13:52,720 Speaker 1: put them together, they were polling another because their magnetic 239 00:13:52,760 --> 00:13:56,680 Speaker 1: forces are flowing in opposite directions and pushing one another apart. 240 00:13:57,200 --> 00:13:59,880 Speaker 1: Which is kind of funny because this is how magnets work. 241 00:14:00,160 --> 00:14:03,080 Speaker 1: But it bears such a striking resemblance like something they 242 00:14:03,080 --> 00:14:05,000 Speaker 1: would have come up with in the fifteenth century, like 243 00:14:05,280 --> 00:14:11,440 Speaker 1: the force flowing out, this invisible force. It's witchery. And 244 00:14:11,440 --> 00:14:14,079 Speaker 1: this is why magnets won't be brought together. Like people 245 00:14:14,080 --> 00:14:15,920 Speaker 1: would come and drag us out of here and toss 246 00:14:15,960 --> 00:14:18,840 Speaker 1: us in a lake to see if we float that. Uh. 247 00:14:18,880 --> 00:14:20,600 Speaker 1: So we could stop there and you would have a 248 00:14:20,600 --> 00:14:24,200 Speaker 1: pretty good idea of things, but we won't know. We'll 249 00:14:24,200 --> 00:14:27,240 Speaker 1: continue on. Okay, we'll go a little a little more 250 00:14:27,320 --> 00:14:29,240 Speaker 1: in detail. Huh. That's right. If you want to make 251 00:14:29,280 --> 00:14:32,120 Speaker 1: a magnet, you have you have to get all these 252 00:14:32,520 --> 00:14:36,040 Speaker 1: magnetic domains flowing in the same direction, just like we 253 00:14:36,040 --> 00:14:37,600 Speaker 1: were talking about earlier. When you rub the needle on 254 00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:40,960 Speaker 1: the magnet, uh, you expose it to this magnetic field 255 00:14:41,160 --> 00:14:43,360 Speaker 1: and we're getting these suckers to align in the same 256 00:14:43,400 --> 00:14:46,400 Speaker 1: way and then boom. That is one way that you 257 00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:48,560 Speaker 1: can get a magnet, right, And there's different ways of 258 00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:51,400 Speaker 1: doing this. Um you place it in a magnetic field 259 00:14:51,400 --> 00:14:53,800 Speaker 1: in the north south direction. You can hold it in 260 00:14:53,880 --> 00:14:56,560 Speaker 1: north south direction and hit it at the hammer. That's crazy. 261 00:14:57,440 --> 00:14:59,920 Speaker 1: It is a little crazy, like you're physically jarring these 262 00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:04,680 Speaker 1: domains into alignment. Yeah, okay, I'll point this way then um. 263 00:15:04,840 --> 00:15:07,400 Speaker 1: Or you can pass an electrical current through it. That's 264 00:15:07,440 --> 00:15:09,240 Speaker 1: kind of a cheap. And they think that this is 265 00:15:09,280 --> 00:15:14,600 Speaker 1: where um loadstone came from. Either it was when this 266 00:15:15,080 --> 00:15:21,120 Speaker 1: rock formed the magnetize formed um from a lava. It 267 00:15:21,200 --> 00:15:24,320 Speaker 1: was aligned with the north south pole of the Earth, 268 00:15:24,760 --> 00:15:28,200 Speaker 1: so it became magnetized, or it was struck by lightning, 269 00:15:28,240 --> 00:15:30,520 Speaker 1: so an electrical current paths through it. That'd be pretty cool, 270 00:15:30,600 --> 00:15:32,920 Speaker 1: and it became magnetized as a result, And it seems 271 00:15:32,960 --> 00:15:36,400 Speaker 1: likely right, um, But today the most common method of 272 00:15:36,400 --> 00:15:38,480 Speaker 1: of making magnet is to place them in a very 273 00:15:38,520 --> 00:15:41,920 Speaker 1: strong magnetic field and by a boom, by a being, 274 00:15:41,960 --> 00:15:44,880 Speaker 1: their domains start to to wind up. But yeah, there's 275 00:15:44,920 --> 00:15:47,200 Speaker 1: gonna be a little delay though. And I saw this 276 00:15:48,040 --> 00:15:50,120 Speaker 1: like on a on a YouTube video of this guy. 277 00:15:50,160 --> 00:15:51,520 Speaker 1: There's a really good one. I can't remember what it 278 00:15:51,520 --> 00:15:54,160 Speaker 1: was called where the guy broke it down. Whateverage stuff 279 00:15:54,160 --> 00:15:57,840 Speaker 1: I don't understand. I always type kid science and then 280 00:15:58,440 --> 00:16:00,600 Speaker 1: then I look and see what videos are A yeah, yeah, no, 281 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:03,840 Speaker 1: it's it really helps out. Um. But there will be 282 00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:09,840 Speaker 1: a delay called hysteresis or hysteresis, and uh that that's 283 00:16:09,880 --> 00:16:13,040 Speaker 1: basically just the time it takes for these for the 284 00:16:13,080 --> 00:16:16,240 Speaker 1: field to change direction and I'll align itself right, Because 285 00:16:16,240 --> 00:16:19,120 Speaker 1: when you get these domains going, um, the ones that 286 00:16:19,160 --> 00:16:24,120 Speaker 1: aren't already lined up on a north south pole, Um, 287 00:16:24,320 --> 00:16:27,000 Speaker 1: they just rotate around and do a little crazy spinning 288 00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:29,800 Speaker 1: until they land on it. And the ones that are 289 00:16:29,840 --> 00:16:34,400 Speaker 1: already aligned north south, Um, are they grow bigger, Yeah, 290 00:16:34,440 --> 00:16:36,640 Speaker 1: become more robust, I guess yeah. And as a result 291 00:16:36,720 --> 00:16:40,800 Speaker 1: other ones, the walls between um, smaller domains will shrink, 292 00:16:41,400 --> 00:16:46,440 Speaker 1: and so you have large north south domains and then 293 00:16:46,480 --> 00:16:49,760 Speaker 1: even the smaller ones are now probably polarized along that 294 00:16:49,760 --> 00:16:54,000 Speaker 1: that north south line and you have just created a magnet. Yeah. 295 00:16:54,040 --> 00:16:55,640 Speaker 1: And here's what I think was one of the really 296 00:16:55,840 --> 00:16:59,400 Speaker 1: cooler aspects of this is how strong your magnet is 297 00:16:59,440 --> 00:17:02,640 Speaker 1: depends on how hard it was to get these domains 298 00:17:02,640 --> 00:17:06,600 Speaker 1: to move in that direction, and the harder it is, 299 00:17:06,720 --> 00:17:09,840 Speaker 1: the longer it will stay magnetized, which sort of makes sense. 300 00:17:09,880 --> 00:17:13,400 Speaker 1: It's almost like that it was so stubborn to get going, 301 00:17:13,880 --> 00:17:15,960 Speaker 1: but then once you got it going in the right direction, 302 00:17:16,000 --> 00:17:19,399 Speaker 1: it was then stubborn on doing it at that action right, 303 00:17:19,440 --> 00:17:22,960 Speaker 1: which kind of makes you wonder like if over enough 304 00:17:23,000 --> 00:17:26,960 Speaker 1: of a time span, well, any magnetized material eventually lose 305 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:32,080 Speaker 1: its magnetism just left alone. Huh, that's a good question. Uh, 306 00:17:32,160 --> 00:17:35,040 Speaker 1: you there are things you can do to de magnetized things. 307 00:17:35,280 --> 00:17:37,320 Speaker 1: You could take a magnet and put it in a 308 00:17:37,359 --> 00:17:41,879 Speaker 1: magnetic field that's polarized the opposite direction. It's kind of mean. Yeah, 309 00:17:42,000 --> 00:17:45,320 Speaker 1: you can. You can boil it alive, which is also 310 00:17:45,480 --> 00:17:47,800 Speaker 1: very mean, and uh, heat it to the point where 311 00:17:47,840 --> 00:17:50,800 Speaker 1: it loses its magnetism. Yeah, the cury point. The guy 312 00:17:51,040 --> 00:17:53,840 Speaker 1: in the video tested this. He had a paper clip 313 00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:57,320 Speaker 1: on a string tied to the table and then the 314 00:17:57,359 --> 00:17:59,199 Speaker 1: magnet was like a foot off, so it was just 315 00:17:59,280 --> 00:18:05,080 Speaker 1: like doing and then he took a Jerry Lewis and 316 00:18:05,119 --> 00:18:07,959 Speaker 1: then he said, Dean, bring me a lighter, and uh, 317 00:18:08,480 --> 00:18:10,720 Speaker 1: he got a lighter and heat it up the paper 318 00:18:10,720 --> 00:18:12,840 Speaker 1: clip and then you see it start to shake and 319 00:18:12,880 --> 00:18:17,280 Speaker 1: then eventually it just poop fell. That is a weird story. 320 00:18:18,600 --> 00:18:24,280 Speaker 1: He demagnetized it using the Curry point. Um. So, okay, again, 321 00:18:24,560 --> 00:18:28,800 Speaker 1: we could stop here. I think everybody understands how magnets work, right, Like, 322 00:18:28,840 --> 00:18:32,159 Speaker 1: there's little magnetic domains that are in all kinds of 323 00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:34,919 Speaker 1: crazy directions, and then when you expose them to a 324 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:38,600 Speaker 1: magnetic field, they line up together and they produced their 325 00:18:38,600 --> 00:18:42,080 Speaker 1: own magnetic field around that magnetic material, and then there 326 00:18:42,080 --> 00:18:44,600 Speaker 1: you go. It flows out of the north and into 327 00:18:44,640 --> 00:18:49,119 Speaker 1: the south. Magnets, right, I would like to see a survey. 328 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:50,960 Speaker 1: I wish you could take an instant survey of people 329 00:18:51,000 --> 00:18:54,920 Speaker 1: that you know, half of them are going go, go go, 330 00:18:55,119 --> 00:18:57,840 Speaker 1: and half of them are like, I'm good. Right, that's 331 00:18:57,840 --> 00:19:01,000 Speaker 1: all I need to know about magnets, right know. I 332 00:19:01,040 --> 00:19:04,440 Speaker 1: think our listeners are pretty curious folk. Okay, so we're 333 00:19:04,440 --> 00:19:08,520 Speaker 1: going deeper. And Tracy Wilson, m who are site manager 334 00:19:08,560 --> 00:19:12,639 Speaker 1: here of stuff you miss in history class? Now, she 335 00:19:12,680 --> 00:19:15,240 Speaker 1: wrote this one, and she's so thorough. She has a 336 00:19:15,320 --> 00:19:19,040 Speaker 1: very nice little pun in this section called shipping magnets 337 00:19:19,760 --> 00:19:23,760 Speaker 1: get it ah shipping magnets. Yeah, I got it now. 338 00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:26,280 Speaker 1: I didn't notice that before. Yeah, it's a pun um. 339 00:19:26,359 --> 00:19:28,560 Speaker 1: What she's talking about in this section though, was interesting 340 00:19:28,560 --> 00:19:32,080 Speaker 1: in that very large magnets present a lot of problems 341 00:19:32,359 --> 00:19:34,480 Speaker 1: because they're super strong and you can't just throw it 342 00:19:34,480 --> 00:19:37,760 Speaker 1: on a truck. Uh, and you know, drive it across country. 343 00:19:37,840 --> 00:19:42,919 Speaker 1: You know, it'll disrupt everything. So very uh specific precautions 344 00:19:42,960 --> 00:19:46,840 Speaker 1: have to be taken when delivering large magnets used for 345 00:19:47,240 --> 00:19:51,679 Speaker 1: certain like industrial applications, one of which is they have 346 00:19:51,840 --> 00:19:54,719 Speaker 1: machines that because it will pick up all this fairest 347 00:19:54,760 --> 00:19:57,480 Speaker 1: material along the way, they have machines when they get 348 00:19:57,480 --> 00:19:59,520 Speaker 1: there to remove all that stuff. Yeah, and I mean 349 00:19:59,560 --> 00:20:01,720 Speaker 1: a manager if you're shipping it in like a truck, 350 00:20:02,080 --> 00:20:04,400 Speaker 1: and the truck is made of or has some sort 351 00:20:04,440 --> 00:20:07,520 Speaker 1: of iron alloy in it, and you have a huge 352 00:20:07,720 --> 00:20:09,920 Speaker 1: industrial magnet, how are you going to get that off 353 00:20:09,920 --> 00:20:13,920 Speaker 1: of the truck? You're not exactly, So they magnetize these 354 00:20:14,000 --> 00:20:18,280 Speaker 1: materials on site typically, right, That's what I understand. Or 355 00:20:18,320 --> 00:20:21,760 Speaker 1: else they just rely almost exclusively on electro magnets, which 356 00:20:21,760 --> 00:20:23,879 Speaker 1: become magnetic when you pass the current through ather. You 357 00:20:23,880 --> 00:20:30,040 Speaker 1: can say manpower, right, American ingenuity. That's how you do it. 358 00:20:30,040 --> 00:20:34,439 Speaker 1: It stuck, sir, right, um, Well, speaking of sticking, we're 359 00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:36,960 Speaker 1: going to break it down to the electrons, which the 360 00:20:37,000 --> 00:20:39,760 Speaker 1: atomic level. This is about to happen because that's really 361 00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:41,480 Speaker 1: where it all starts. Well, we're I was just saying, 362 00:20:41,520 --> 00:20:45,000 Speaker 1: like electro magnets, they become magnetic when you pass the 363 00:20:45,040 --> 00:20:49,080 Speaker 1: field of electricity through them, or current, And all electrical 364 00:20:49,080 --> 00:20:52,240 Speaker 1: current is is a flow of electrons. Movement of electrons 365 00:20:52,280 --> 00:20:56,800 Speaker 1: produces electricity, and electricity and magnetism are are very much related. 366 00:20:57,040 --> 00:21:00,840 Speaker 1: And this is why because on the atomic level of 367 00:21:00,960 --> 00:21:05,159 Speaker 1: a ferrous material, iron, nickel, cobalt, right, because are the 368 00:21:05,160 --> 00:21:08,320 Speaker 1: big ones. It's called the big three. Well, let's let's 369 00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:13,880 Speaker 1: talk specifically about iron in In an iron atom, there 370 00:21:13,920 --> 00:21:18,520 Speaker 1: are around it's its orbit. In its orbit, there are 371 00:21:18,640 --> 00:21:24,040 Speaker 1: electrons moving around the spin downward or or upward, and 372 00:21:24,160 --> 00:21:27,119 Speaker 1: typically they're paired. And when you have a pair of electrons, 373 00:21:27,280 --> 00:21:30,920 Speaker 1: one spinning upward, one spinning downward, there's there never any 374 00:21:30,960 --> 00:21:33,920 Speaker 1: other way. There's no pair of electrons that both spin 375 00:21:33,960 --> 00:21:36,400 Speaker 1: in the same direction. Is always opposite. Yeah, it's called 376 00:21:36,400 --> 00:21:40,639 Speaker 1: the poly exclusion principles. Just not possible, right, exactly. Um, 377 00:21:40,680 --> 00:21:46,240 Speaker 1: So in iron, you also have four unpaired electrons that 378 00:21:46,320 --> 00:21:48,440 Speaker 1: all spin the same way. Now, those ones that are 379 00:21:48,560 --> 00:21:52,280 Speaker 1: paired in spinning the opposite direction, they cancel one another out. 380 00:21:52,680 --> 00:21:56,240 Speaker 1: But these four spinning the same way produce a magnetic field, 381 00:21:56,240 --> 00:21:59,040 Speaker 1: a very very very very very tiny magnetic field, but 382 00:21:59,040 --> 00:22:01,480 Speaker 1: a magnetic field. Then the last, right, and this is 383 00:22:01,560 --> 00:22:05,760 Speaker 1: very unusual for these unpaired electrons to be spinning in 384 00:22:05,800 --> 00:22:07,800 Speaker 1: the same direction. That's why it only happens in things 385 00:22:07,840 --> 00:22:10,720 Speaker 1: like iron, cobalt, nickel, right exactly. That's what makes them 386 00:22:10,720 --> 00:22:14,480 Speaker 1: ferro magnetic materials. Yeah, potentially magnetic because they have these 387 00:22:14,560 --> 00:22:18,080 Speaker 1: unpaired electrons that are spinning in a certain direction. Right. 388 00:22:18,240 --> 00:22:20,639 Speaker 1: And then because these things are spinning in the same direction, 389 00:22:20,680 --> 00:22:23,199 Speaker 1: they attract other atoms to kind of line up that 390 00:22:23,240 --> 00:22:26,439 Speaker 1: are spinning in the same direction, to line up nearby, 391 00:22:26,640 --> 00:22:29,880 Speaker 1: and then those create what domains well, what a moment 392 00:22:29,920 --> 00:22:31,920 Speaker 1: they have a moment? Oh yeah, I forgot the moment. 393 00:22:31,960 --> 00:22:36,320 Speaker 1: It's called the orbital magnetic moment. And I get maybe 394 00:22:36,320 --> 00:22:38,360 Speaker 1: that's just when they realize, hey, we're all we're all 395 00:22:38,560 --> 00:22:41,880 Speaker 1: partying in the same way, we're all spinning downward, and 396 00:22:42,000 --> 00:22:44,840 Speaker 1: we all like slacks. Yeah, and hey, we've got a 397 00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:48,199 Speaker 1: magnetic field all of a sudden, small, but let's get 398 00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:50,479 Speaker 1: a bunch of other ones and let's create a larger one, right, 399 00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:54,479 Speaker 1: And that moment is um. It's a It describes the force, 400 00:22:54,600 --> 00:22:58,040 Speaker 1: the I guess, the power and the direction of the spin. Yeah. 401 00:22:58,280 --> 00:22:59,960 Speaker 1: So yeah, when you have a bunch of them having 402 00:23:00,040 --> 00:23:03,359 Speaker 1: the same moment, they kind of line up around one another. 403 00:23:03,400 --> 00:23:08,400 Speaker 1: When this when iron forms, that's right, And then that 404 00:23:08,520 --> 00:23:11,760 Speaker 1: causes the domain or that creates the little magnetic domains 405 00:23:11,760 --> 00:23:14,600 Speaker 1: and in the material that's right. Uh. And if you 406 00:23:14,680 --> 00:23:17,720 Speaker 1: notice that um materials that make good magnets are the 407 00:23:17,760 --> 00:23:23,920 Speaker 1: same materials that magnets attract, then uh, it's because they 408 00:23:24,000 --> 00:23:26,679 Speaker 1: attract unpaired electrons that are spending in that direction. It's 409 00:23:27,119 --> 00:23:30,040 Speaker 1: it's the same thing. And you can also have something 410 00:23:30,080 --> 00:23:35,600 Speaker 1: called die magnetic, which are unpaired electrons creating a field 411 00:23:35,640 --> 00:23:40,600 Speaker 1: that repels instead of attracts. And then some materials don't 412 00:23:40,600 --> 00:23:44,679 Speaker 1: react at all with magnetics, like pine straw. I think 413 00:23:44,840 --> 00:23:46,960 Speaker 1: now is the time for a word from our sponsor. 414 00:23:55,480 --> 00:23:58,800 Speaker 1: All right, back to magnets, because there's still some more 415 00:23:58,800 --> 00:24:02,040 Speaker 1: to go. I mean, now everyone's listening to this understands 416 00:24:02,040 --> 00:24:06,879 Speaker 1: magnets on a an atomic level. It's the spin of electrons. 417 00:24:07,040 --> 00:24:11,520 Speaker 1: It's physics. Yeah, my favorite thing. Yeah, this one actually 418 00:24:11,560 --> 00:24:14,600 Speaker 1: appealed to me more than usual phys physics one is here. 419 00:24:14,680 --> 00:24:20,160 Speaker 1: You know, remember the physics is surfing I do. Alright, 420 00:24:20,200 --> 00:24:23,920 Speaker 1: So people measure magnets to see, you know, how strong 421 00:24:23,960 --> 00:24:27,080 Speaker 1: the magnetic field is using something called a goss meter, 422 00:24:27,960 --> 00:24:34,040 Speaker 1: and um, flux or Webber's are the um what would 423 00:24:34,080 --> 00:24:37,840 Speaker 1: you call that? You measure? Okay, so flux is a 424 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,320 Speaker 1: line of magnetic force coming out of it, but I botch, 425 00:24:41,400 --> 00:24:45,240 Speaker 1: that's all right, Okay, So the density of the flux 426 00:24:45,320 --> 00:24:48,920 Speaker 1: is measured in either tesla or goss, with Tesla being 427 00:24:49,400 --> 00:24:52,440 Speaker 1: ten thousand goss, which is pretty cool that you get 428 00:24:52,560 --> 00:24:55,560 Speaker 1: a unit of measurement named after you. If you're Tesla, 429 00:24:55,680 --> 00:24:59,119 Speaker 1: you better if you're tesla stuff. Uh. And you can 430 00:24:59,160 --> 00:25:03,080 Speaker 1: also measure it in Webber's per square meter, but really 431 00:25:03,240 --> 00:25:08,200 Speaker 1: who wants to do that in Canada? Probably, And then 432 00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:11,280 Speaker 1: the magnitude of the field is measured in Ampire's per 433 00:25:11,359 --> 00:25:15,760 Speaker 1: meter or something called or stead. Yeah. I like Courstead. 434 00:25:16,280 --> 00:25:19,080 Speaker 1: I'm a fan of Oorstead, and I also like flux 435 00:25:19,359 --> 00:25:22,560 Speaker 1: and Testa's pretty awesome too. So where do we use 436 00:25:22,560 --> 00:25:28,680 Speaker 1: magnets besides pizza reminders or doorbell um word of course speakers, 437 00:25:28,840 --> 00:25:31,240 Speaker 1: we use them too. If you were in the cassette 438 00:25:31,240 --> 00:25:35,680 Speaker 1: tapes back in the day, brother, you were into magnets. Yeah, um, 439 00:25:35,720 --> 00:25:40,760 Speaker 1: we also used them again, encompasses, burglar alarms, electric motors. 440 00:25:40,800 --> 00:25:44,560 Speaker 1: We use them to provide torque. Yeah, car spetometers. If 441 00:25:44,560 --> 00:25:47,200 Speaker 1: you have an old fashioned cathode rate tube television set, 442 00:25:47,280 --> 00:25:51,720 Speaker 1: you're using magnets. Did you listen to cassettes? What sure? Man? 443 00:25:51,720 --> 00:25:53,480 Speaker 1: It was I grew up in the eighties, Okay, I 444 00:25:53,560 --> 00:25:55,879 Speaker 1: was just I wasn't quite sure. You know, you're a 445 00:25:55,880 --> 00:25:57,760 Speaker 1: little younger, but I didn't know. I was a late 446 00:25:57,800 --> 00:26:01,840 Speaker 1: adopter of cassettes, well know of everything, because what I 447 00:26:01,880 --> 00:26:03,920 Speaker 1: would do is I would have a big collection and 448 00:26:03,960 --> 00:26:06,679 Speaker 1: then be like, I got all these records. So I 449 00:26:06,680 --> 00:26:08,680 Speaker 1: was late to cassettes, and then I had all these cassettes. 450 00:26:08,720 --> 00:26:10,960 Speaker 1: I didn't want to switch to CDs until all my 451 00:26:11,000 --> 00:26:13,280 Speaker 1: cassettes got stolen and I was like, all right, I 452 00:26:13,280 --> 00:26:16,000 Speaker 1: guess I'll get CDs now. Let IM going CDs. Yeah, yeah, No. 453 00:26:16,080 --> 00:26:19,320 Speaker 1: I was there for the big transition from cassettes to 454 00:26:19,520 --> 00:26:23,000 Speaker 1: c ds, remember, like they were across the board, twenty 455 00:26:23,040 --> 00:26:30,119 Speaker 1: dollars in the big box to waste. See look at 456 00:26:30,160 --> 00:26:33,359 Speaker 1: that maglev trains. Yeah, we talked about this. We have 457 00:26:33,400 --> 00:26:35,520 Speaker 1: a cool one of our little one minute um live 458 00:26:35,560 --> 00:26:39,320 Speaker 1: action shorts online. We we uh and maybe I'll post 459 00:26:39,320 --> 00:26:43,360 Speaker 1: this when we release this. But the maglev train system 460 00:26:43,440 --> 00:26:45,399 Speaker 1: and a lot of roller coasters and things like that 461 00:26:45,520 --> 00:26:48,560 Speaker 1: use super magnets. You don't remember that one. Yeah, the 462 00:26:48,560 --> 00:26:51,919 Speaker 1: maglev train uses it to propel the train forward, and 463 00:26:52,200 --> 00:26:54,520 Speaker 1: roller coasters use magnets for breaking a lot of times, 464 00:26:55,400 --> 00:26:58,040 Speaker 1: like new ones. Yeah, the good ones. You don't remember 465 00:26:58,080 --> 00:27:01,360 Speaker 1: that one. No, we did like a dozen of them 466 00:27:01,359 --> 00:27:04,600 Speaker 1: in four days. I don't remember that one. I'll send 467 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:07,760 Speaker 1: it to you, thank you. The magnetis sphere is a 468 00:27:07,800 --> 00:27:10,879 Speaker 1: part of our atmosphere. I guess it's outside of the atmosphere, 469 00:27:10,880 --> 00:27:14,000 Speaker 1: but it surrounds Earth in a protective layer that protects 470 00:27:14,000 --> 00:27:17,400 Speaker 1: it from charged ions known as solar winds. And when 471 00:27:17,400 --> 00:27:20,359 Speaker 1: these solar winds come in contact with the magnetosphere, you 472 00:27:20,440 --> 00:27:24,199 Speaker 1: get something that's called the northern or southern lights. Ah, 473 00:27:24,359 --> 00:27:26,960 Speaker 1: that's what that is. I knew. We talked about that 474 00:27:27,000 --> 00:27:30,080 Speaker 1: at some point in another short that's right. Um. And 475 00:27:30,119 --> 00:27:32,960 Speaker 1: then our favorite, of course, the Wonder Machine, would not 476 00:27:33,040 --> 00:27:38,400 Speaker 1: be possible without magnets because it is magnetic resonance imaging, right, 477 00:27:38,640 --> 00:27:41,840 Speaker 1: you know, and just be resonance imaging without it. Yeah, 478 00:27:41,960 --> 00:27:44,520 Speaker 1: and there's no fun in that. Uh. And then doctor 479 00:27:44,640 --> 00:27:49,080 Speaker 1: sometimes use pulse electro magnetic fields to actually heal broken 480 00:27:49,119 --> 00:27:51,920 Speaker 1: bones that haven't heal correctly. It's amazing. I looked into this. 481 00:27:52,440 --> 00:27:55,320 Speaker 1: They have no idea how it works on a molecular level. 482 00:27:55,920 --> 00:28:00,480 Speaker 1: All they know is that if you expose bone or tissue. 483 00:28:00,680 --> 00:28:04,680 Speaker 1: I think bones more more bone and muscle maybe are 484 00:28:04,760 --> 00:28:09,160 Speaker 1: easier to grow to an electromagnetic pulse, it grows. Even 485 00:28:09,200 --> 00:28:12,080 Speaker 1: if it like it hasn't healed under after surgery or 486 00:28:12,119 --> 00:28:17,560 Speaker 1: any other procedure, if you hit it with an electromagnetic pulse, 487 00:28:17,600 --> 00:28:20,000 Speaker 1: it'll you'll get a reaction. And they're figuring out how 488 00:28:20,000 --> 00:28:23,560 Speaker 1: to put this in garments for astronauts. Yeah, because you 489 00:28:23,600 --> 00:28:27,000 Speaker 1: have you you suffer substantial bone loss on a very 490 00:28:27,040 --> 00:28:31,040 Speaker 1: long microgravity flight. Um. So they're figuring out how to 491 00:28:31,200 --> 00:28:33,800 Speaker 1: weave it into their clothes so their clothes can get 492 00:28:34,280 --> 00:28:37,480 Speaker 1: can blast them with an electromagnetic pulse to make sure 493 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:40,479 Speaker 1: their bone density keeps up. That's pretty cool. But they 494 00:28:40,480 --> 00:28:42,480 Speaker 1: don't know why it works. They just know it works. 495 00:28:43,360 --> 00:28:48,080 Speaker 1: Cows are pretty happy they're magnets because there's this horrific 496 00:28:48,160 --> 00:28:53,080 Speaker 1: thing called traumatic you know, we'll just call it hardware disease. 497 00:28:54,120 --> 00:28:57,400 Speaker 1: And this is when when cows eat small metal objects 498 00:28:57,400 --> 00:29:00,760 Speaker 1: that are in their food. And it's pretty awful that 499 00:29:00,760 --> 00:29:03,480 Speaker 1: that happens. But luckily they have a cow magnet to 500 00:29:03,560 --> 00:29:07,200 Speaker 1: feed them, and I guess gathers up all this stuff 501 00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:10,120 Speaker 1: and then they poop it out. Uh they I'll bet 502 00:29:10,200 --> 00:29:12,720 Speaker 1: that's horrible to poop out, isn't that what happens? Or 503 00:29:12,920 --> 00:29:17,120 Speaker 1: punctures the magnet? Yeah, the magnet out. I don't know it. 504 00:29:17,160 --> 00:29:18,800 Speaker 1: He surely doesn't just stay in the body, does it. 505 00:29:19,080 --> 00:29:20,880 Speaker 1: I don't know. All right, I'm gonna have to look 506 00:29:20,880 --> 00:29:23,040 Speaker 1: into that some more. And people are known to put 507 00:29:23,120 --> 00:29:29,200 Speaker 1: their arms into cows rears. Yeah, now we we that 508 00:29:29,520 --> 00:29:31,720 Speaker 1: some some of them have a hole cut in their side, remember, 509 00:29:31,720 --> 00:29:33,320 Speaker 1: so they can examine their stomach. Yeah, the one with 510 00:29:33,360 --> 00:29:35,520 Speaker 1: the poor hole. Yeah, yeah, that's pretty cool. I'm going 511 00:29:35,560 --> 00:29:40,640 Speaker 1: to try this one. Traumatic reticulo pericarditis. You practice that beforehand? 512 00:29:42,080 --> 00:29:45,040 Speaker 1: Well done, so nothing wrong with that. Yeah, some people 513 00:29:45,120 --> 00:29:48,200 Speaker 1: might think practicing hard words before you do a professionally 514 00:29:48,200 --> 00:29:52,680 Speaker 1: released audio program a good thing. Um. If if a 515 00:29:52,800 --> 00:29:55,520 Speaker 1: human swallows a magnet, that's not good. Yeah, you don't 516 00:29:55,520 --> 00:29:58,600 Speaker 1: want to do that. Cows intestines and stomachs are different 517 00:29:58,600 --> 00:30:01,200 Speaker 1: than humans. Intestines and stuff mix. And if we swallow, 518 00:30:01,600 --> 00:30:04,560 Speaker 1: especially more than one magnet, they will basically clamp your 519 00:30:05,440 --> 00:30:07,640 Speaker 1: entrails together and you will be in big trouble and 520 00:30:07,640 --> 00:30:10,239 Speaker 1: you'll have to undergo surgery to have them removed. So 521 00:30:10,320 --> 00:30:13,120 Speaker 1: that's no good. The parents be caution to when your 522 00:30:13,160 --> 00:30:15,280 Speaker 1: kids are playing with magnets because kids like the swallow things. 523 00:30:15,320 --> 00:30:19,000 Speaker 1: You shouldn't swallow. Yeah. And since we talked about electromagnetic 524 00:30:19,040 --> 00:30:29,240 Speaker 1: pulses being um capable of spurring bone loss man spurning growth, 525 00:30:29,880 --> 00:30:33,960 Speaker 1: thank you. Um. You would think that people wearing like 526 00:30:34,040 --> 00:30:38,040 Speaker 1: magnetic bracelets or magnetic insoles are getting some sort of benefit, 527 00:30:38,120 --> 00:30:41,000 Speaker 1: there's no there's no study that's ever shown that there 528 00:30:41,040 --> 00:30:43,440 Speaker 1: those things actually help. Although there's a lot of people 529 00:30:43,480 --> 00:30:46,480 Speaker 1: out there who believe in static magnetic therapy, which is 530 00:30:46,520 --> 00:30:49,960 Speaker 1: just a magnet on your skin. There's no pulse or 531 00:30:50,000 --> 00:30:53,360 Speaker 1: anything going off, and they think that possibly the people 532 00:30:53,360 --> 00:30:56,560 Speaker 1: who are adherent to this, I think that it's either 533 00:30:56,600 --> 00:30:59,240 Speaker 1: attracting iron in the hemoglobin that kind of makes sense 534 00:30:59,360 --> 00:31:03,640 Speaker 1: to improve their sculation, or um, it has some sort 535 00:31:03,640 --> 00:31:08,280 Speaker 1: of effect on the cellular structure in the body. Uh, 536 00:31:08,360 --> 00:31:12,600 Speaker 1: and that that's why it helps your back. Insoles help 537 00:31:12,680 --> 00:31:16,320 Speaker 1: your back, or a bracelet helps your authorritis. Yeah. Um, 538 00:31:16,360 --> 00:31:19,000 Speaker 1: but again there's no studies that suggest this. Well, it's 539 00:31:19,000 --> 00:31:22,800 Speaker 1: big money. Um. Americans alone spent about five million per 540 00:31:22,880 --> 00:31:26,320 Speaker 1: year on this kind of thing, um, and worldwide about 541 00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:29,680 Speaker 1: five billion dollars a year on magnetic treatment. So the 542 00:31:29,760 --> 00:31:33,440 Speaker 1: b Yeah, that's a lot of dough. Uh. And then 543 00:31:34,120 --> 00:31:36,680 Speaker 1: there was one more thing. Magnetized drinking water is a 544 00:31:36,760 --> 00:31:40,560 Speaker 1: thing now to treat ailments. And I think that they 545 00:31:40,560 --> 00:31:44,440 Speaker 1: have not shown in clinical trials that that's been proven either. 546 00:31:44,680 --> 00:31:48,520 Speaker 1: Most of the minerals in drinking water are not pharo magnetic, 547 00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:50,479 Speaker 1: so to begin with, we didn't have anything to do 548 00:31:50,520 --> 00:31:53,280 Speaker 1: with it. And they they found that UM in clinical trials, 549 00:31:53,320 --> 00:31:57,320 Speaker 1: a lot of the positive benefits come from placebo maybe 550 00:31:57,400 --> 00:31:59,920 Speaker 1: or a passage of time, or maybe the fact that 551 00:32:00,160 --> 00:32:03,880 Speaker 1: these insult cushionings are just better made, more padded. To 552 00:32:03,880 --> 00:32:08,720 Speaker 1: begin with. There's also apparently um a device that removes 553 00:32:08,800 --> 00:32:16,400 Speaker 1: um hard water minerals from water using magnets, but apparently, again, 554 00:32:16,880 --> 00:32:19,480 Speaker 1: it's not really doing anything as far as Consumer Report 555 00:32:19,560 --> 00:32:21,680 Speaker 1: says in a two year study. Yeah, we had a 556 00:32:21,680 --> 00:32:24,920 Speaker 1: water softener when I lived in Yuma. Yeah, and I've 557 00:32:24,960 --> 00:32:27,760 Speaker 1: never heard of that. I was like what, And it's like, 558 00:32:28,000 --> 00:32:29,360 Speaker 1: you know, it's in the garage. Just sort of looked 559 00:32:29,360 --> 00:32:31,800 Speaker 1: like a hot water heater and it's soft in the 560 00:32:31,800 --> 00:32:34,120 Speaker 1: water whatever that means. Yeah, do do you know what 561 00:32:34,160 --> 00:32:37,920 Speaker 1: it did? It's soften the water. But I think I 562 00:32:37,960 --> 00:32:40,000 Speaker 1: remember asking my sister what hard water did and she 563 00:32:40,080 --> 00:32:41,720 Speaker 1: was like, oh, you could tell the difference, Like I 564 00:32:41,720 --> 00:32:45,080 Speaker 1: can't remember your skin real dry, I think, And I think, yeah, 565 00:32:45,160 --> 00:32:48,640 Speaker 1: I don't remember. So that's hard water everyone. If you 566 00:32:48,680 --> 00:32:51,120 Speaker 1: want to learn more about that, type the word magnets 567 00:32:51,240 --> 00:32:53,440 Speaker 1: into the search bar at how stuff works dot com. 568 00:32:53,480 --> 00:32:57,120 Speaker 1: It will bring up this awesome and exhaustive article. Also, 569 00:32:57,160 --> 00:32:59,400 Speaker 1: if you're interested in doorbells, type that word in the 570 00:32:59,440 --> 00:33:02,800 Speaker 1: search part you And since I said search part twice, 571 00:33:03,240 --> 00:33:09,239 Speaker 1: it means we go straight to listener mail. Yeah, I'm 572 00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:12,720 Speaker 1: gonna call this military shout out. We don't do shoutouts 573 00:33:12,760 --> 00:33:15,000 Speaker 1: that often sometimes we do. We get a lot of requests. 574 00:33:15,000 --> 00:33:17,040 Speaker 1: I don't feel bad people if we don't do your 575 00:33:17,040 --> 00:33:21,920 Speaker 1: shout out. Um, this is from Trevor. Hey, guys, my 576 00:33:22,000 --> 00:33:24,240 Speaker 1: name is Trevor, and yes that it's spelled with to 577 00:33:24,320 --> 00:33:26,200 Speaker 1: be and not a V. And that is a long 578 00:33:26,240 --> 00:33:28,640 Speaker 1: story that I'll tell you you would like, but that's 579 00:33:28,680 --> 00:33:31,600 Speaker 1: not why i'm writing in. I'm currently serving in the 580 00:33:31,680 --> 00:33:34,280 Speaker 1: US arm Forces and I am in stationed overseas. My 581 00:33:34,280 --> 00:33:36,520 Speaker 1: wife and I recently welcome my daughter into the world. 582 00:33:36,720 --> 00:33:39,960 Speaker 1: Congratulations Trevor and wife, and I got to spend some 583 00:33:40,040 --> 00:33:42,240 Speaker 1: time with them, although not as much as I would 584 00:33:42,240 --> 00:33:44,720 Speaker 1: like to obviously, before I had to come back overseas. 585 00:33:45,280 --> 00:33:48,960 Speaker 1: It's been a really long tough trip being away from them, 586 00:33:48,960 --> 00:33:51,800 Speaker 1: and even harder on our marriage. I work long hours 587 00:33:51,840 --> 00:33:54,120 Speaker 1: and when I come home to talk to my wife, 588 00:33:54,160 --> 00:33:57,440 Speaker 1: I really dread talking about work, and she really hates 589 00:33:57,480 --> 00:33:59,640 Speaker 1: talking about herself all the time. So that's when I 590 00:33:59,680 --> 00:34:01,760 Speaker 1: bring up topics that you guys talk about on the show. 591 00:34:02,320 --> 00:34:04,280 Speaker 1: I've listened for years and I have turned her onto 592 00:34:04,320 --> 00:34:06,160 Speaker 1: them as well. And I just want to thank you 593 00:34:06,200 --> 00:34:08,279 Speaker 1: guys and ask if you could give a shout out 594 00:34:08,280 --> 00:34:11,360 Speaker 1: to her and listener mail. Her name is Tony with 595 00:34:11,440 --> 00:34:14,880 Speaker 1: an eye. So Trevor and Tony, Trevor, thanks for your 596 00:34:14,920 --> 00:34:18,759 Speaker 1: service obviously, and both of you thanks for hanging in there. 597 00:34:18,760 --> 00:34:21,840 Speaker 1: As a military couple. It's stuff when you're away for 598 00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:25,360 Speaker 1: that long and uh, it's quite a sacrifice. My sister 599 00:34:25,400 --> 00:34:29,640 Speaker 1: and her husband. He's a career marine helicopter pilot as 600 00:34:29,680 --> 00:34:32,239 Speaker 1: I mentioned before. Yeah, he's been to Afghanistan, right, Yeah, 601 00:34:32,239 --> 00:34:34,360 Speaker 1: and they go for you know, long tour six and 602 00:34:34,400 --> 00:34:36,040 Speaker 1: eight months at a time, and you do enough of 603 00:34:36,040 --> 00:34:39,480 Speaker 1: those in your life and you realize you're spending years 604 00:34:39,480 --> 00:34:42,560 Speaker 1: away from your husband or wife totaled up and family 605 00:34:42,560 --> 00:34:45,480 Speaker 1: and the daughters and sons, and so it's tough stuff. 606 00:34:45,520 --> 00:34:48,800 Speaker 1: So shouting out to you guys hanging there. Yeah, thanks 607 00:34:48,800 --> 00:34:52,400 Speaker 1: Trevor and Tony. Um, that's pretty awesome that we're like 608 00:34:52,600 --> 00:34:56,239 Speaker 1: keeping their marriage happy. Well, we're providing their sustenance to 609 00:34:56,239 --> 00:34:59,200 Speaker 1: talk about. It's awesome exactly. H If you want to 610 00:34:59,239 --> 00:35:02,480 Speaker 1: let us know how we have helped your marriage, we're 611 00:35:02,600 --> 00:35:04,640 Speaker 1: very interested in that. You can also try us on 612 00:35:04,680 --> 00:35:07,240 Speaker 1: a shout out. Again, we don't do it very often, 613 00:35:07,280 --> 00:35:10,120 Speaker 1: but it's worth a shot. If you really think so. Um. 614 00:35:10,200 --> 00:35:13,080 Speaker 1: You can tweet to us at s y s K podcast. 615 00:35:13,239 --> 00:35:15,120 Speaker 1: You can join us on Facebook dot com, slash Stuff 616 00:35:15,160 --> 00:35:17,680 Speaker 1: you Should Know, send us an email to Stuff Podcasts 617 00:35:17,680 --> 00:35:19,880 Speaker 1: at Discovery dot com, and join us at our home 618 00:35:19,960 --> 00:35:30,040 Speaker 1: on the web www dot Stuff you should Know dot com. 619 00:35:30,080 --> 00:35:32,480 Speaker 1: For more on this and thousands of other topics, is 620 00:35:32,520 --> 00:35:42,040 Speaker 1: that how Stuff Works dot com. This episode of Stuff 621 00:35:42,080 --> 00:35:43,920 Speaker 1: You Should Know is brought to you by Jack Threads 622 00:35:43,960 --> 00:35:44,839 Speaker 1: dot com.