WEBVTT - How the Digestive System Works 0:00:00.280 --> 0:00:02.840 Brought to you by the reinvented two thousand twelve camera. 0:00:03.160 --> 0:00:07.560 It's ready. Are you welcome to Stuff you should know 0:00:08.160 --> 0:00:16.360 from house Stuff Works dot com? Hey, and welcome to 0:00:16.400 --> 0:00:19.680 the podcast. I'm Josh Clark with me as always as 0:00:19.800 --> 0:00:26.920 Charles W. Chuck Bryant. And that's uh, that's good, Chuck, 0:00:27.000 --> 0:00:30.000 even just in jazz hands everybody, that's what you have 0:00:30.040 --> 0:00:35.600 to do? That? Yeah, I think it's either that or 0:00:35.880 --> 0:00:39.839 like pump your elbow right right, maybe like flick the 0:00:39.840 --> 0:00:42.800 bottom of your chin like I can't wait to hear 0:00:42.840 --> 0:00:50.040 your intro. Uh. Okay, I've been gnawing on this one. Okay, 0:00:50.600 --> 0:00:52.800 I don't know what to say. I have, I have 0:00:52.840 --> 0:00:55.080 an idea. I'll try it, all right, this man get 0:00:55.160 --> 0:00:58.680 edited out, all right? Probably not though, because it's not bad. 0:00:59.320 --> 0:01:04.160 But Chuck, yes, did you know that? I think probably 0:01:04.200 --> 0:01:08.279 the worst thing humans ever invented? Not the nuclear bomb, 0:01:08.720 --> 0:01:15.959 not saren gas, not reality TV. The second stall in 0:01:15.959 --> 0:01:20.720 the men's bathroom, the second one in our bathroom, in 0:01:20.760 --> 0:01:23.720 any public bathroom, what do you mean my second? I 0:01:23.760 --> 0:01:28.000 think the worst thing that male human being can do 0:01:28.200 --> 0:01:31.600 to another male, and I'm just speaking for my gender, 0:01:32.760 --> 0:01:34.919 is to come in and sit down in the stall 0:01:35.000 --> 0:01:37.959 next to an already occupied stall. You know what I mean? Second, 0:01:38.000 --> 0:01:41.000 you just mean more than one? Yeah? Ok, the second 0:01:41.040 --> 0:01:43.960 through infinity exactly. Yeah, I don't you know me, I 0:01:43.959 --> 0:01:47.280 don't do that either. I know you are a courteous, 0:01:48.200 --> 0:01:52.240 fine person who opens the bathroom door, sees one stall occupied, 0:01:52.360 --> 0:01:54.720 turns around. I guess it's not my time. Maybe I 0:01:54.720 --> 0:01:57.640 should go find another bathroom. There are other things you 0:01:57.680 --> 0:02:00.800 can do, so you just hand of one thing, like 0:02:00.880 --> 0:02:04.520 what what's the terminology we're gonna use here? I like poop? Okay, 0:02:04.520 --> 0:02:09.720 Poop's fine with me. Two feces, fecal matter Okay, poop 0:02:09.840 --> 0:02:13.639 is way like easier to I'm gonna say either swallow. 0:02:13.880 --> 0:02:18.360 Excrement sounds gross, Yeah, excrement is gross sometimes the fun word. 0:02:18.600 --> 0:02:21.320 I mean, this article uses the word fart. But I 0:02:21.360 --> 0:02:23.480 haven't gotten the article. You are you still in my intro? 0:02:24.160 --> 0:02:26.640 Uh So I think that that's a horrible assault on 0:02:26.720 --> 0:02:29.840 a person's humanity to sit down and already occupiestall to 0:02:29.880 --> 0:02:32.519 sit down in the stall next to it. Um, you 0:02:32.600 --> 0:02:35.200 must hate the airport, but I don't. I don't us 0:02:35.320 --> 0:02:39.600 just stall in the airport like I literally an emergency, 0:02:40.080 --> 0:02:42.079 like tin guys pooping next to each other and every 0:02:42.120 --> 0:02:44.880 airport never never, I think maybe one time in my 0:02:45.080 --> 0:02:50.680 entire life. Anyway. Uh, I hate it just as much 0:02:50.760 --> 0:02:53.720 as before. But now that I've read this article, I 0:02:53.760 --> 0:02:57.720 understand what's going on next door a little better. That's 0:02:57.760 --> 0:03:01.240 my intro. I like it. We're talking about the digestive system. Yes, 0:03:01.320 --> 0:03:05.240 who we are, which there's some amazing facts right off 0:03:05.240 --> 0:03:07.760 the bat that Melissa Jeffreys, who I'm not familiar with 0:03:07.800 --> 0:03:10.400 her work, but this is a pretty quality article. If 0:03:10.400 --> 0:03:13.120 you ask me to use the word for it she did. 0:03:13.280 --> 0:03:16.000 I that may be the only article on the site 0:03:16.240 --> 0:03:21.320 or that word comes in I find that. Is there 0:03:21.360 --> 0:03:24.399 a no that's in the that's in this article, which 0:03:24.400 --> 0:03:26.160 we'll get to that later. Huh. She also has what 0:03:26.200 --> 0:03:28.399 I think maybe one of the best sentences on our website, 0:03:28.400 --> 0:03:32.280 which is, h the digestive team is composed of a 0:03:32.280 --> 0:03:35.240 bunch of hollow passageways that start at your mouth and 0:03:35.360 --> 0:03:38.560 end at your anus. Pretty much does it all? Yeah, 0:03:38.640 --> 0:03:41.200 Food goes in one end, waste comes out the other, 0:03:41.520 --> 0:03:43.560 and we're going to tell you how. Yeah. But let's 0:03:43.600 --> 0:03:45.920 talk a little bit about the digestive system, like how 0:03:45.960 --> 0:03:48.960 long is it man about thirty ft. Yeah, that's good 0:03:49.000 --> 0:03:50.920 long length. I mean, if you think about it, what 0:03:51.000 --> 0:03:55.520 you're six ft five nine eleven okay, so five ten, 0:03:56.400 --> 0:04:01.440 but your entrails are thirty ft long. That pretty impressive. Yeah. 0:04:01.480 --> 0:04:03.760 And the one that nailed me was the oh I 0:04:03.800 --> 0:04:06.640 know what this is. Yeah, the small intestines surface area 0:04:06.720 --> 0:04:09.120 is the size of a tennis court. Yeah. So basically, 0:04:09.120 --> 0:04:12.760 if you splayed your small intestine and if you put 0:04:12.800 --> 0:04:16.000 it loose from the rest of your bowels, splaited it 0:04:16.560 --> 0:04:19.960 and unfolded it because it's the folds that that gets you. 0:04:20.360 --> 0:04:22.560 If you've straightened it out, you could pretty much play 0:04:22.600 --> 0:04:28.120 tennis on it and it be regulation size. You've got clay, 0:04:28.839 --> 0:04:35.880 asphalt and intestine. Alright. So the cool thing about this 0:04:36.040 --> 0:04:39.920 article and the digestive system period is that there's a 0:04:39.960 --> 0:04:44.599 beginning and there's an end. And they used ham sandwich 0:04:44.600 --> 0:04:46.760 in the article, so let's go with that. Yeah, it 0:04:46.839 --> 0:04:50.200 makes sense, like like basically we're going to now follow 0:04:50.600 --> 0:04:53.240 what happens to ham sandwich the moment you not even 0:04:53.240 --> 0:04:55.159 the moment you eat it, starting when you pick it 0:04:55.240 --> 0:04:57.479 up and bring it to your mouth and it hits 0:04:57.520 --> 0:04:59.520 the area where your nose can smell it and so 0:04:59.640 --> 0:05:06.160 begin the journey to your anus. So, so we can 0:05:06.200 --> 0:05:10.440 do this one man, I've done way way more tawdry, 0:05:10.760 --> 0:05:13.560 potentially explosive topics in this man, we can do this. 0:05:13.640 --> 0:05:15.919 I'm a shame that I'm a grown man and I 0:05:17.279 --> 0:05:20.279 so uh you. As the sandwich comes to your to 0:05:20.400 --> 0:05:25.200 your mouth, Um, your nose smells that ham right, and 0:05:25.240 --> 0:05:26.800 it sends a signal of the brain. It says it's 0:05:26.880 --> 0:05:30.040 chow time. Let's get this party started. And your brain 0:05:30.080 --> 0:05:32.440 sends a signal of your salivary glands in your mouth 0:05:32.440 --> 0:05:35.000 and they start pumping out saliva. Yeah. Like when you 0:05:35.040 --> 0:05:37.400 say my mouth was watering when I smelled that, That's 0:05:37.440 --> 0:05:40.320 exactly what's going on. It's exactly right, um. And I 0:05:40.320 --> 0:05:42.400 think my brain is overactive. You know how people are 0:05:42.400 --> 0:05:44.680 always like it sounds like Josh is eating a piece 0:05:44.680 --> 0:05:47.720 of candy. No, I'm just I overproduced spit because I'm 0:05:47.720 --> 0:05:50.200 always hungry and I can smell anything and be like, 0:05:50.240 --> 0:05:52.400 well I could go for that right now? Well not 0:05:52.440 --> 0:05:55.880 an right? Um. So you've got your mouth watering, your 0:05:55.920 --> 0:05:58.760 saliva and the reason you salivate is because it has 0:05:59.240 --> 0:06:03.880 digestive routines in it called with like amlas and Emily's 0:06:03.920 --> 0:06:05.520 is the reason you don't lick your lips. Did you 0:06:05.520 --> 0:06:07.640 know that? That's why your lips chap when you look 0:06:07.680 --> 0:06:11.159 them too much, because you're actually destroying the very thin, 0:06:11.240 --> 0:06:13.880 delicate skin of your lips with this protein that is 0:06:13.920 --> 0:06:16.719 designed to break down food. Boy, my lips are a mess. 0:06:17.720 --> 0:06:21.880 Always looking at him that man. Uh so, yeah, Josh, 0:06:22.200 --> 0:06:25.599 the amlaise gets to work immediately on the carbs and 0:06:25.640 --> 0:06:28.920 the bread. Uh. When you swallow, it's gonna go down 0:06:28.960 --> 0:06:31.160 your throat, your farynx. Yeah. And we covered a lot 0:06:31.200 --> 0:06:33.760 of this in the sword swallowing episodes, So if you 0:06:33.800 --> 0:06:37.320 want to even more in depth, look at that. Go 0:06:37.480 --> 0:06:39.120 listen to that one. Yeah, but it takes the same 0:06:39.120 --> 0:06:41.200 path because you don't want a sword going down into 0:06:41.200 --> 0:06:44.000 your lungs and you don't want bread going into your 0:06:44.080 --> 0:06:49.520 lung So thank you. Epiglottis. It's a little a little flap. 0:06:49.720 --> 0:06:52.720 It's gonna guide it in the right direction almost all 0:06:52.760 --> 0:06:55.280 the time, unless there's a malfunction. Anytime you swallowed, the 0:06:55.279 --> 0:06:59.640 epiglottis covers the trichia, leaving the esophagus to open up 0:07:00.080 --> 0:07:04.320 except your spit or your bullus. Remember bullus is chewed food. 0:07:04.839 --> 0:07:08.080 So your sandwich is no longer considered sandwich. It's bullus. Now, 0:07:08.240 --> 0:07:12.120 that's right. And I actually choked last week on a 0:07:12.160 --> 0:07:17.080 sandwich like Mama Cass, I did uh, and I uh 0:07:17.320 --> 0:07:20.600 ended up blowing it through my nose for the next 0:07:20.600 --> 0:07:25.000 ten minutes. Is it even possible? It is? That's horrific. 0:07:25.160 --> 0:07:29.080 Something happened. I choked and coughed, and it, you know, went, 0:07:29.720 --> 0:07:33.760 I guess entered my nasal passageway and I was literally 0:07:33.760 --> 0:07:36.360 blowing sandwich out of my nose. It was not fun. 0:07:36.520 --> 0:07:39.640 You have mustard, Okay, you're lucky it didn't have mustard. 0:07:42.160 --> 0:07:44.560 All right, So now we are well. We got to 0:07:44.600 --> 0:07:47.400 point out at the the top of the esophagus is 0:07:47.440 --> 0:07:51.240 the upper esophical sphincter. At the bottom there's a lower 0:07:51.680 --> 0:07:58.080 lower esophical sphincter, and they let food in and then 0:07:57.920 --> 0:08:01.360 they let it right back out, which is exactly how 0:08:01.400 --> 0:08:03.480 it should work. Right, And along the way, you have 0:08:03.560 --> 0:08:10.000 these muscle contractions, remember called parastalis sees parastalsis parastalsis. That 0:08:10.160 --> 0:08:13.080 is just basically like the rings and your esophagus and 0:08:13.200 --> 0:08:17.080 rings and muscles contracting and relaxing, and they are contract 0:08:17.120 --> 0:08:20.040 above and relax below and push the bowls down and 0:08:20.080 --> 0:08:23.640 then when it hits that lower esophageal sphincter, that opens 0:08:23.720 --> 0:08:27.280 up and it pops into your stomach, and parastalsis is 0:08:27.320 --> 0:08:31.200 the key to everything. Yeah, throughout the entire process of digestion, 0:08:31.440 --> 0:08:34.640 basically your whole, your guts and your stomach are just 0:08:34.720 --> 0:08:37.840 like contracting and expanding and stirring things up, and it's 0:08:37.880 --> 0:08:42.480 all just basically a bunch of spasmodic muscle contractions and 0:08:42.520 --> 0:08:45.400 it will get the gird later. But if you have 0:08:45.440 --> 0:08:50.240 heartburn or genuine gurd, then that means you're lower esophical 0:08:50.240 --> 0:08:52.720 sphincter is not working right and some of your stomach 0:08:52.920 --> 0:08:56.080 acid is getting back up in there right. As Melissa 0:08:56.160 --> 0:08:59.480 Jeffreys puts it, you have a lazy lower esophageal sphincter 0:09:01.000 --> 0:09:05.079 ingurd his gastro esophageal reflux disease. I've got it, a 0:09:05.200 --> 0:09:10.080 k heartburn. Do you have it? My brother in law 0:09:10.160 --> 0:09:14.120 had it um so bad that he they they first 0:09:14.120 --> 0:09:17.440 diagnosed him misdiagnosed him with a panic attack because his 0:09:17.520 --> 0:09:20.240 chest was so tight. But it hurts so bad that 0:09:20.280 --> 0:09:22.600 it just like covered his entire chest and it felt 0:09:22.640 --> 0:09:25.160 like a like a heart attack. That's what mine would 0:09:25.200 --> 0:09:27.800 be like if I didn't take take my pill. That's awful, 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:30.959 Like a good boy didn't know that. Yeah, it's terrible. Um, 0:09:31.240 --> 0:09:33.720 the way you have him sandwich coming out your nose, 0:09:35.120 --> 0:09:39.840 you have bile and other stuff coming up into your esophagus. Okay, 0:09:39.960 --> 0:09:43.280 I got problems with it with my digestive system. Let's 0:09:43.280 --> 0:09:46.160 just say that. Okay, Okay, So we're in the stomach. 0:09:47.080 --> 0:09:50.319 Uh in your stomach is gonna you basically basically, the 0:09:50.320 --> 0:09:52.480 stomach is gonna get everything ready to go to the 0:09:52.480 --> 0:09:55.440 next step, which is a small intestine by producing all 0:09:55.520 --> 0:09:58.720 kinds of enzymes and acids to break stuff down and 0:09:58.760 --> 0:10:03.160 also uh, mucus to coat the stomach, because the acid 0:10:03.160 --> 0:10:05.720 would damage your stomach as well if it wouldn't for 0:10:05.760 --> 0:10:11.000 this protective mucus. Yes, which is very good that that's there. Yeah, 0:10:11.040 --> 0:10:13.240 and if you don't have the protective mucus or your 0:10:13.280 --> 0:10:17.440 acid can beat your mucus in a wrestling match. That's 0:10:17.440 --> 0:10:21.880 how you get ulcers in one way. One way. Yeah, Um, 0:10:22.040 --> 0:10:24.440 twenty seconds, every twenty seconds to the stomach is going 0:10:24.480 --> 0:10:27.480 to go through the parastalsis Yeah. I think you can 0:10:27.520 --> 0:10:31.000 do that more frequently because I looked up why your 0:10:31.000 --> 0:10:36.360 stomach growls, rumbles, gurgles, that's just the sounds of digestion. 0:10:37.120 --> 0:10:40.079 The reason it happens when you're hungry is because your 0:10:40.120 --> 0:10:42.559 brain is not only sent a message to your salivary 0:10:42.559 --> 0:10:45.600 glands to start salivating, it's also sent it to your 0:10:45.600 --> 0:10:48.079 stomach to start the digestive process because there's food to 0:10:48.160 --> 0:10:51.160 come in. So that's why you gurgle when you're hungry. 0:10:51.840 --> 0:10:54.360 It also happens when you eat too much or after 0:10:54.440 --> 0:11:00.679 you've eaten. Your gurgling it's that's your stomach contracting, all right. So, uh, 0:11:01.640 --> 0:11:04.120 if if everything goes well and all the stuff in 0:11:04.160 --> 0:11:07.280 there can be liquefied in the clime and by the way, 0:11:07.320 --> 0:11:11.320 don't google image that. Yeah, bolus converts to cime so 0:11:11.520 --> 0:11:14.920 sandwich into bolus into kime now, and that's if it 0:11:14.960 --> 0:11:18.400 can be converted into the kind which is liquefied. Um, 0:11:18.400 --> 0:11:20.559 it's gonna get out of your stomach in about twenty minutes. 0:11:20.600 --> 0:11:25.240 It's a liquefied blob. That's that's a good definition of time. Uh. 0:11:25.280 --> 0:11:29.319 And not everything can can turn into kime though, so 0:11:29.360 --> 0:11:31.559 that's gonna remain. It's gonna take a little longer. It 0:11:31.559 --> 0:11:33.760 takes about an hour to get the more solid stuff out. 0:11:34.280 --> 0:11:37.640 And that's not a liquefied blob, is more pasty, a 0:11:37.679 --> 0:11:41.839 pasty blob. And it's not called time. That's called yield. 0:11:43.960 --> 0:11:46.240 So you get the come in's out of your stomach, right, 0:11:46.840 --> 0:11:49.880 it's now in the duodenum. Yeah, it's it's entered the 0:11:49.920 --> 0:11:52.440 small intestine, which, as we said, the small intestine is 0:11:52.559 --> 0:11:55.720 considered the small intestine because the circumference of it is 0:11:55.720 --> 0:11:59.480 is narrower than the large intestine. But the small intestine 0:11:59.679 --> 0:12:03.520 is broken into three parts, and the entire point of 0:12:03.559 --> 0:12:08.040 the small intestine is digestion and absorption breakdown of the 0:12:08.080 --> 0:12:12.440 food materials, and then the absorption of the particles that 0:12:12.480 --> 0:12:15.200 are broken down. Right, So the first part of the 0:12:15.240 --> 0:12:19.280 small intestine is what the duodenum is. How we're pronouncing it, 0:12:19.920 --> 0:12:21.960 maybe do it in um. I think that's what I 0:12:22.040 --> 0:12:24.680 was doing in my head, but I like duoten um uh. 0:12:24.720 --> 0:12:30.440 And that that's basically a big burst of um enzymes 0:12:30.480 --> 0:12:34.360 from the pancreas and the liver from the Yeah, and 0:12:34.440 --> 0:12:37.320 it starts really breaking down food like the foods like 0:12:37.360 --> 0:12:39.640 no more, no more, And then it leaves the stomach 0:12:39.679 --> 0:12:41.520 for the small intestines, and it's like out of the 0:12:41.520 --> 0:12:45.679 frying pan and into the fire for this stuff. That's right. Yeah. 0:12:45.720 --> 0:12:50.200 The next two parts are the jum and the ilium, 0:12:50.320 --> 0:12:52.080 and they don't do a lot of breaking down the food. 0:12:52.120 --> 0:12:55.120 They mainly are absorbing the nutrients before you send it 0:12:55.160 --> 0:12:58.360 to the large intestine. Yeah. And here's this is what 0:12:58.480 --> 0:13:01.360 gets me, man, I love this UM. The large intestines 0:13:01.400 --> 0:13:04.040 also about absorption to some parts of it are but 0:13:04.120 --> 0:13:09.840 it's also the biggest function it provides is um preparing waste. 0:13:09.840 --> 0:13:14.240 It seems like UM that I've always wondered, like how 0:13:14.240 --> 0:13:18.680 do you get your nutrients oude of food? And this 0:13:18.840 --> 0:13:23.560 article explains it. It's awesome, man, think about this. So 0:13:24.640 --> 0:13:28.160 this breakdown process, and you have specialized enzymes, like some 0:13:28.320 --> 0:13:32.600 enzymes from your liver are meant to break down like fats, right, 0:13:32.640 --> 0:13:36.160 and proteins your pancreas is meant to break down like 0:13:36.360 --> 0:13:40.480 um uh carbohydrates. So you have specialized enzymes that break 0:13:40.480 --> 0:13:44.440 down certain things UM. And then you have billy, like 0:13:44.440 --> 0:13:48.120 you said, these little tiny hair like projectiles that cover 0:13:48.240 --> 0:13:52.559 the folds of your small intestines. And then you have microvilli, 0:13:52.640 --> 0:13:56.199 which are projectiles on the small projectiles, and these things, 0:13:56.240 --> 0:13:59.760 like you remember, taste buds are or taste receptors are 0:13:59.760 --> 0:14:04.000 two into certain tastes. These things are attuned to certain nutrients, 0:14:04.040 --> 0:14:06.520 so they pick up certain types of nutrients and then 0:14:06.640 --> 0:14:09.760 absorb them through the cell, through the wall of your 0:14:09.840 --> 0:14:13.000 intestines and into your bloodstream to be delivered throughout your body. 0:14:13.320 --> 0:14:18.679 That is amazing. Is it's amazing. That's an amazing process. 0:14:18.760 --> 0:14:20.680 I'm glad you're knocked out by this. And so basically 0:14:20.680 --> 0:14:22.880 along the way this food is traveling down and like 0:14:22.920 --> 0:14:24.920 it just gets hit by all like hit and run 0:14:24.960 --> 0:14:28.680 by all these different proteins that just go into the 0:14:29.440 --> 0:14:33.680 walls of your intestines, leaving what's left over. That's right. 0:14:34.320 --> 0:14:38.520 I'm just amazed by that. That's great. Uh. Now you're 0:14:38.520 --> 0:14:41.800 in the large intestine um, the indigestible parts that is, 0:14:42.640 --> 0:14:46.160 and this is the last stretch here you're gonna get. 0:14:46.240 --> 0:14:50.200 You know, fluid is going to be extracted to produce 0:14:50.560 --> 0:14:52.400 what you want in the end, which is a solid 0:14:52.480 --> 0:14:56.760 fecal matter. You don't want it to solid. You don't 0:14:56.760 --> 0:14:58.960 want it too solid either. That there's like a there's 0:14:58.960 --> 0:15:02.880 a balance to ext and uh, the large intestine, you 0:15:02.880 --> 0:15:05.040 know the bottom, there's three parts of that. The bottom 0:15:05.080 --> 0:15:08.400 is that the scum, and the little appendix dangles off 0:15:08.440 --> 0:15:13.200 the end of that. Then there's the ascending ascending colon 0:15:13.760 --> 0:15:18.320 which goes up obviously, the transverse colon which shoots across 0:15:18.360 --> 0:15:21.320 your body, and then it drops back down to the 0:15:21.400 --> 0:15:25.880 descending colon. The first two sections salts and fluids are 0:15:25.920 --> 0:15:32.520 absorbed from the food electro lights has electro lights, that's right. 0:15:33.160 --> 0:15:36.880 And uh, also bacteria, good bacteria in the colon. They're 0:15:36.920 --> 0:15:40.640 gonna ferment and absorbed fiber, which is that's how you 0:15:40.640 --> 0:15:43.680 get your fiber. Yeah, it's pretty amazing, Chuck. We know 0:15:43.720 --> 0:15:48.680 a little bit about bacteria. Remember the little video we made. 0:15:48.800 --> 0:15:52.400 I don't think it's out yet. Yeah, about healthy bacteria 0:15:52.840 --> 0:15:56.760 and how you have really good, like really beneficial colonies 0:15:56.760 --> 0:16:02.440 of bacteria in your intestines. And um, if your bacteria 0:16:02.480 --> 0:16:05.000 is not doing the trick or you lose it, you 0:16:05.040 --> 0:16:08.680 can get a poop transplant, that's right, which is poop 0:16:08.680 --> 0:16:12.320 taken from another healthy person, ground up in a blender 0:16:12.600 --> 0:16:17.120 with uh sailing solution maybe, and then injected into the 0:16:17.520 --> 0:16:21.440 ailing patient. That's right. Basically, get a good colony of 0:16:22.200 --> 0:16:25.280 bacteria going in the intestine, which is a great thing. 0:16:26.160 --> 0:16:29.360 It works, man, Uh, poop is going to move about 0:16:29.400 --> 0:16:32.600 a centimeter per hour do your large intestine, so it's 0:16:32.960 --> 0:16:36.600 a lot slower than your small intestine. And it does 0:16:36.680 --> 0:16:40.080 this with the help of more mucus produced on the 0:16:40.120 --> 0:16:42.560 inside of your large intestine to help the poop move through. 0:16:42.760 --> 0:16:45.480 And then you know, at that point you basically have 0:16:45.520 --> 0:16:49.160 one in the chamber. As they say, So that's the 0:16:49.320 --> 0:16:51.840 that's the that's the path. Yeah, if you're if you're 0:16:51.880 --> 0:16:56.040 a bite of ham sandwich, that's what happens to you. Um, 0:16:56.160 --> 0:16:58.760 that's all you see. But there's other things that play 0:16:58.840 --> 0:17:03.080 there's other factors. Are other organs um involved in this. 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.600 And I looked at the spleen spleens immune system. I 0:17:05.640 --> 0:17:08.080 thought for sure the spleen had something to do with digestion. 0:17:08.160 --> 0:17:12.240 It has like almost no role in digestion whatsoever. Basically, 0:17:12.480 --> 0:17:16.720 the two big organs outside of the actual digestive system 0:17:16.800 --> 0:17:19.800 that play a major role in digestion are the liver, 0:17:20.200 --> 0:17:23.320 which by the way, makes up what two and a 0:17:23.359 --> 0:17:25.200 half percent of your body weight? Did you know that? 0:17:26.400 --> 0:17:29.840 I had no idea and do not look up cirrhosis 0:17:29.960 --> 0:17:34.159 and google images either. Yeah, you realize, you know you 0:17:34.200 --> 0:17:36.000 say that a lot. You tell people not to look 0:17:36.000 --> 0:17:38.040 things up. You know that every time you do, people 0:17:38.080 --> 0:17:41.119 go look things up. That's why I talk. Um. So, 0:17:41.200 --> 0:17:44.240 the liver, like we said, creates bile, which is a 0:17:44.240 --> 0:17:50.119 brownish yellowish fluid that's designed to break down fats and 0:17:50.280 --> 0:17:55.760 proteins UM, and the liver stores this extra bilot produces 0:17:55.800 --> 0:17:58.639 in the gallbladder. And you say, well, wait a minute, 0:17:58.640 --> 0:18:01.159 I have my gall bladder taken out. That's worry. The 0:18:01.240 --> 0:18:03.800 liver has it covered. It's just stores extra bile and 0:18:03.840 --> 0:18:09.960 bile ducks, right, that's right. The pancreas. Pancreas creates enzymes 0:18:10.000 --> 0:18:12.639 that are designed to break down things like carbs, I believe, 0:18:13.440 --> 0:18:16.960 um also fats and proteins as well. But for the 0:18:17.000 --> 0:18:20.120 most part UM the liver handles that. So basically, both 0:18:20.160 --> 0:18:23.480 of these these organs are producing these proteins, they're shooting 0:18:23.480 --> 0:18:28.920 them into your intestines, particularly you're small intestine, and um, 0:18:29.560 --> 0:18:34.280 they're helping break down your food. That's right, But that's 0:18:34.280 --> 0:18:37.760 not all. In parastalsis is helping this whole time. It's 0:18:37.760 --> 0:18:43.280 making everything move around involuntarily contracting, relaxing. It's all about 0:18:43.320 --> 0:18:46.520 and especially in the stomach too. It's basically like a 0:18:46.560 --> 0:18:51.439 washer on the washed cycle. Yeah, you know, washing machine. 0:18:52.640 --> 0:18:57.080 Glands are very important. If you didn't have glands, then 0:18:57.280 --> 0:18:59.760 you wouldn't be secreting anything, right, and you need all 0:18:59.760 --> 0:19:04.639 these juices, acids, enzymes. The glands basically start in your 0:19:04.640 --> 0:19:07.560 mouth with saliva and go all the way you know, 0:19:07.600 --> 0:19:10.479 through the stomach. Not I mean it doesn't go all 0:19:10.520 --> 0:19:14.760 the way. I don't think you well an glands. I 0:19:14.840 --> 0:19:16.919 think those are just in dogs. I don't think humans 0:19:16.960 --> 0:19:19.119 have those, and not just in dogs. But you know, 0:19:19.200 --> 0:19:21.119 I don't think we have a normal glance. You should 0:19:21.119 --> 0:19:25.200 look that up. And hormones are really important, like super important. 0:19:25.240 --> 0:19:28.600 They basically control everything. Yeah, as far as starting off 0:19:28.840 --> 0:19:33.199 each process so well, a hormone it doesn't matter what 0:19:33.280 --> 0:19:36.359 you're what your body is doing. A hormone is a 0:19:36.480 --> 0:19:41.400 chemical signal, and specifically with digestion, you've got gastron um. 0:19:41.480 --> 0:19:45.600 It tells the stomach to produce acid. Secreting um tells 0:19:45.640 --> 0:19:49.000 the pancreas to do its thing. Same with the liver. 0:19:49.800 --> 0:19:53.320 Um and uh, what is it talked to the stomach 0:19:53.640 --> 0:19:56.840 so basically secret and says, go start secreting your juices, right, 0:19:58.200 --> 0:20:02.119 And then c c K, which, if I may coali 0:20:02.280 --> 0:20:10.520 cisto kinan, col colcist cold, colocister kinan. It was very close. 0:20:10.760 --> 0:20:13.080 You're much better at pronouncing things than me. Well, I 0:20:13.160 --> 0:20:16.680 look it up. C c K basically says, hey, pancreas, hey, 0:20:16.800 --> 0:20:20.080 gall bladder, we need some more stuff, and they give 0:20:20.119 --> 0:20:23.080 it to them. So basically, the hormones are running throughout 0:20:23.080 --> 0:20:26.080 the body, saying you you you start. That's right, there's 0:20:26.119 --> 0:20:29.480 food a foot. There are other hormones. And we covered 0:20:29.560 --> 0:20:33.640 these grellan and pep tide y y, where do we cover? That? 0:20:33.520 --> 0:20:35.280 Was that? And I don't remember, but I got it 0:20:35.359 --> 0:20:38.440 totally backwards. What the first time we did it? Yeah, 0:20:38.480 --> 0:20:42.000 I said that grellan um was the stomach signal that 0:20:42.080 --> 0:20:45.720 it was full. It's the exact opposite means you're hungry. Yeah. 0:20:45.800 --> 0:20:48.280 The stomach and the small intestine produce the hormone grilling 0:20:48.400 --> 0:20:51.840 and that communicates to the brain to say, get some 0:20:51.880 --> 0:20:53.560 food in here. Did we get listener mail on that 0:20:53.680 --> 0:20:56.760 or a lot of it? And then pep tide why 0:20:56.800 --> 0:21:00.200 why does the opposite says whoa we're very full, or 0:21:00.280 --> 0:21:04.160 is I like call it peptide Why why I don't 0:21:04.160 --> 0:21:08.960 eat until I hurt any longer? Do you? Uh No, Yeah, 0:21:09.200 --> 0:21:13.240 it's just it's just I don't get it. It's so American. Yeah, 0:21:13.240 --> 0:21:16.840 it just pretty growth. Yeah, peptide y y says, whoa, 0:21:16.920 --> 0:21:21.760 we got enough to stop stop feeding fat boy? That's right. Uh. 0:21:21.760 --> 0:21:25.399 Nerves play a big part um. Extrinsic nerves are in 0:21:25.400 --> 0:21:27.720 the unconscious part of the brain and the spinal cord. 0:21:28.520 --> 0:21:31.679 And here you know the main fun You got acetocoline 0:21:31.760 --> 0:21:35.280 and adrenaline. The main function of a ctocoline is to 0:21:35.320 --> 0:21:40.320 signal all this parastalsis, all this muscle contraction, and basically 0:21:40.359 --> 0:21:45.000 adrenaline shuts it down when there's no food, saying you 0:21:45.040 --> 0:21:47.680 don't need to keep contracting and relaxing and moving around. 0:21:47.760 --> 0:21:49.680 Just take a take a chill, bill, right, And those 0:21:49.680 --> 0:21:52.720 are conducted by extrinsic nerves, which are in the brain 0:21:52.760 --> 0:21:58.080 and spinal cord. Right. The intrinsic nerves are located in 0:21:58.520 --> 0:22:02.720 the actual guts. And what's cool is they circumvent the brain. 0:22:02.760 --> 0:22:06.720 They're activated by basically the pressure of food in your intestine. Yeah, 0:22:06.760 --> 0:22:08.720 I thought that was a little weird. Usually the brain 0:22:08.760 --> 0:22:16.119 isn't bypassed. It's generally the seed of everything, agreed. So 0:22:17.400 --> 0:22:20.919 you know that's digestion. We should talk about all the 0:22:20.960 --> 0:22:25.200 stuff in your food. What it means like carbs. This 0:22:25.240 --> 0:22:27.080 is this is the amazing part that I was talking 0:22:27.080 --> 0:22:30.760 about earlier, where it's just absorbed. You know, this is 0:22:30.800 --> 0:22:34.600 where it happens somewhere this molecular level. Carbs are broken 0:22:34.640 --> 0:22:38.320 down by all these juices absorbed into the small intestine 0:22:38.359 --> 0:22:42.160 and then eventually the blood um starch in the bread. 0:22:42.280 --> 0:22:44.320 If you're eating bread, the same thing is going to 0:22:44.400 --> 0:22:46.280 happen to that. But it's also going to produce a 0:22:46.320 --> 0:22:49.760 byproduct called glucose, which will give you some energy. They're 0:22:49.800 --> 0:22:52.240 in your liver. Yep, we'll give your whole body energy, 0:22:52.280 --> 0:22:54.639 but stored in the liver at least it will give 0:22:54.680 --> 0:22:57.760 your whole body energy eventually when your liver releases and 0:22:57.920 --> 0:23:01.960 burns it. That's right, it's a car aren't a dirty word. Now. 0:23:02.040 --> 0:23:03.720 You just have to be careful what kind of carves 0:23:03.720 --> 0:23:06.879 you're you're taking in. Some are definitely better than others. 0:23:06.960 --> 0:23:11.880 Complex carbohydrates are generally better than simple carbo hydrates. But remember, 0:23:12.000 --> 0:23:14.679 you know not too long ago, everyone thought bread was 0:23:14.760 --> 0:23:17.720 like an evil thing on the planet, all the stuff. Well, 0:23:17.760 --> 0:23:20.879 if you want to lose weight really fast, stop eating bread. 0:23:21.880 --> 0:23:24.359 It's as simple as that. Doesn't make it evil though. 0:23:24.880 --> 0:23:29.879 That's one way. Um protein. Remember you've got um, so 0:23:29.960 --> 0:23:33.560 you're you're specialized enzymes, some coming from the pancreas, but 0:23:33.640 --> 0:23:36.240 most of it coming from the liver in the gall 0:23:36.280 --> 0:23:41.119 bladder to break the stuff down ultimately into amino acids. 0:23:42.000 --> 0:23:44.760 And the amino acids are what are absorbed and taken 0:23:44.760 --> 0:23:47.560 throughout your body. Amino Acids are the building blocks of 0:23:47.760 --> 0:23:52.320 all life, that's what they say. And then vitamins, as 0:23:52.600 --> 0:23:57.919 my English friends say, you have an English friend, I've 0:23:57.960 --> 0:24:02.240 got more than one. What do you collecting them? How 0:24:02.240 --> 0:24:06.080 many English friends do you have? I got dozens. Vitamins 0:24:06.119 --> 0:24:10.320 are there's a couple of kinds, water soluble and fat soluble. 0:24:11.040 --> 0:24:13.320 B and C are the ones that are water soluble, 0:24:13.440 --> 0:24:17.280