S1: This podcast is sponsored by Action Steel.
S2: I'm talking dry showing because we've got a whole range
S2: of new pre-emergent herbicides, mostly from other groups. So group
S2: 13 and so on, and group 15, which have completely
S2: different properties to what we had 20 years ago. We've
S2: actually now got an opportunity where we can use that
S2: set of chemistry to deal with our weed, our ryegrass issues,
S2: and add to that our crop competition from getting our
S2: crop in early in the season. So it's just thinking,
S2: I think about the whole system and saying instead of
S2: trying to make knock down herbicides work all the time,
S2: what if we replaced knock down herbicides with something that's different?
S1: Hello and welcome back to Shared Solutions by BCG. I'm
S1: Janine Batters and in this episode we're very lucky to
S1: be speaking with Professor Chris Preston about some away control
S1: and some of the things that we need to be
S1: thinking about in the lead up to summer and really
S1: getting a good kill on these weeds. Welcome, Chris.
S2: Thanks for having me.
S1: Super excited to have you on our podcast, Chris. So
S1: for a start, I think probably everybody that's listening to
S1: this podcast is going to know who you are. So
S1: I'm not going to ask you to introduce yourself. What
S1: I thought might be interesting is if you could tell us,
S1: how did you get into all of this? What made
S1: you decide that you wanted to be one of the
S1: leading experts in weeds?
S2: The short version of it is that I've got a
S2: training in plant biochemistry, I've got a chemistry degree, and
S2: I was working in the US a number, well, three
S2: decades ago now, working on biofuels. And eventually one day
S2: I decided that nobody really cared about biofuels that much.
S2: And I want to do something that people cared about.
S2: So I look for other things to do. And I
S2: kind of fell into agriculture by accident. But one of
S2: the things that I discovered when I started working on
S2: herbicide resistant weeds, which back then was more of an
S2: academic pursuit than what it is now, was that actually
S2: farmers were really interested in finding out ways to farm better,
S2: and they were really interested in the sort of research
S2: that I was doing that seemed to be perhaps going
S2: to give them some insights on how to do that.
S2: One of the things about working on weeds is that
S2: things change all the time. Well, there's going to be
S2: trying to think creatively about how are we going to
S2: tackle these new problems that are coming. And there's already
S2: some well and truly on the horizon, I'm sure we're
S2: going to talk about on this podcast, but the whole
S2: Apvma paraquat review is getting me to rethink, look, what
S2: are we going to do, particularly around the double Knock?
S1: Can you give me your thoughts on the Apvma review
S1: on paraquat and Diquat, and how you think that will
S1: affect farmers?
S2: Well, I think farmers are actually quite a lot worried
S2: about the outcome of the review. And they're looking at it.
S2: Perhaps they're going to completely lose these products. The current
S2: proposal from the Apvma suggests that we're going to lose
S2: a lot of users of these products, and we will
S2: have reduced rates for most of the users that are left. Now,
S2: this is going to be challenging for farmers. However, what
S2: the current proposal is mightn't be what we end up
S2: getting handed. So industry has made quite a number of
S2: submissions to the Apvma about various aspects of their review,
S2: and so we might get a few more use patterns back.
S2: We might get some higher rates, but I'm moderately convinced
S2: that we won't go back to the rates that we have,
S2: and we won't go back to all the use patterns
S2: we have. I'm looking forward and going, okay, if we're
S2: going to have reduced rates and reduced use patterns, what
S2: can we do that's going to fill the spaces that
S2: the review is going to lead us in? Some of
S2: our challenging situations. And so one of those is the
S2: double knock. We've used the double knock very widely to
S2: help us manage glyphosate resistant weeds. And if we don't
S2: have the right to paraquat we've been using, are there
S2: other things that we can do? For example, with the
S2: reduced rate of paraquat we've got or adding other practices
S2: to that. So that might be other herbicides or maybe
S2: other things that we can do that will help us
S2: get over that problem. I'm finding the thinking and the
S2: challenge about the double knock in summer as being harder,
S2: because there's really fewer options available for us in that space.
S2: But nonetheless, I think that we will look at some
S2: of those and look to see what the opportunities are.
S2: There is a level of urgency about this because the
S2: decision will be made probably sometime next year, and then
S2: labels will change after that. But it's not something that
S2: we have to get done for this coming season. We'll
S2: still be able to use paraquat as the current labels
S2: for the time being.
S1: What are some of the recommendations that you think you
S1: might be putting forward? If the Apvma do make this change.
S2: In the double NOx based, um, sort of things that
S2: I've been thinking about is that I've done a couple
S2: of years of research where we've been looking essentially at
S2: cropping without glyphosate because of, at that time, the potential
S2: risk that some of our key markets might ban glyphosate.
S2: But I think that whole thinking can be also repurposed
S2: cropping without paraquat. So what we are essentially looking at
S2: there is how can we make glufosinate work in that space,
S2: and what is the sort of set of practices we
S2: might have to get something that'll be effective enough for
S2: that knockdown space. So we were looking at Glufosinate plus
S2: group 14 herbicide. So these are your spike herbicides things
S2: like sharpen and so on. And we were looking at
S2: dry seeding as potential options in that space. So instead
S2: of having a glufosinate mixture followed up by paraquat we
S2: might have to have a double knock. That's glufosinate mixture
S2: followed up by glyphosate. The opportunities for products like Amatol
S2: in that space. So there's a herbicide called gorilla, which
S2: is a mix of paraquat plus amatol that might have
S2: an opportunity in some of that space. But I think
S2: it's a thing that we have to explore. We have
S2: to explore what are the things that we can do.
S2: And then when we work out which ones seem to
S2: be effective, then we should look at how is that
S2: actually going to work for a farmer.
S1: So what was the one that you said? Was it.
S2: Glufosinate. So this is sold as Liberty for use in canola.
S2: But it does have a pre crop registration as in
S2: the product before.
S1: What group is that.
S2: Each group.
S1: Ten okay. And you don't.
S2: Use very much of it. It's a lot cheaper than
S2: it used to be. But when we're talking about comparisons
S2: to glyphosate most of our herbicides are expensive. So, um,
S2: this will be more expensive than what we're currently doing.
S2: Probably not. Massively so.
S1: Okay, that's good news. And it's good news that you're
S1: already thinking about this. Is there any other alternatives that
S1: you've been looking into other than chemicals?
S2: Our other alternatives at that time are fairly limited. So,
S2: you know, for example, we used to use tillage to
S2: control weeds at that period. But one of the things
S2: that tillage did was it damaged our soils. It removed
S2: the crop residue we had on the testing the soils,
S2: it delayed sowing from most perspectives. Tillage is not an
S2: attractive option. The sort of new bits of chemistry that
S2: are out there, or new bits of non chemistry, I
S2: should say, that are out there that you might be
S2: hearing about things like we've heard about microwaves, for example,
S2: and lasers and electrocution of weeds. Most of those, I
S2: think are going to be too slow for that particular purpose.
S2: Where we have tried to change things up is to
S2: really have a bit of a focus on can we
S2: get all this done with dry sowing? And so we're
S2: not actually using knock down herbicides, and we're going to
S2: use instead a combination of our pre-emergent herbicides plus crop competition.
S2: So really that focused more around dry sowing in particular
S2: with wheat compared to say some of the other crops.
S2: Looking at how do we take advantage of that competitive
S2: ability we get from sowing wheat early and using the
S2: right set of pre-emergent herbicides to actually fill that space
S2: and take the pressure off those knockdown herbicides that we've had.
S2: So this is it's still using chemistry, but it's using
S2: chemistry and other practices. So it's not a direct we're
S2: going to replace paraquat with this herbicide. We're actually going
S2: to replace paraquat with the system.
S1: And that system is dry sowing.
S2: Dry sowing. And you won't be able to dry. So
S2: every year of course. But this would be an opportunistic approach.
S2: I'm talking dry sowing because we've got a whole range
S2: of new pre-emergent herbicides, mostly from other groups. So group
S2: 13 and so on, and group 15, which have completely
S2: different properties to what we had 20 years ago. So
S2: 20 years ago when we were reliant on trifluralin as
S2: our pre-emergent herbicide. Yeah, dry sowing was a thing that
S2: people only did when they really had no other choice.
S2: With the range of products we have available now, and
S2: particularly with our ability to have some use some of
S2: these herbicides as an early post-emergent herbicide in crop. So
S2: things like box gold, uh, sulfur, carp, mattino complete, for example.
S2: We've actually now got an opportunity where we can use
S2: that set of chemistry to deal with our weed, our
S2: ryegrass issues. And add to that our crop competition from
S2: getting our crop in early in the season. So it's
S2: just thinking, I think about the whole system and saying
S2: instead of trying to make knockdown herbicides work all the time,
S2: what if we replaced knock down herbicides with something that's different?
S1: I'm quite a hands on kind of learner. Chris, can
S1: you talk me through this approach? So I want to.
S1: So barley in a paddock next year. Talk me through
S1: the system.
S2: The sort of options that you might have in barley
S2: might be that you would show it dry, and you
S2: might use Trifluralin or even Trifluralin plus Avonex as your
S2: pre-emergent herbicide in a dry seeding system. And then you might,
S2: if ryegrass comes through, that you might come back in
S2: crop with some box of gold, for example, or some Pacifica,
S2: or even if you need it a little bit extra
S2: weed control. You could use matino complete in that circumstance.
S2: So this is about thinking about how do you take
S2: advantage of the competition that barley is going to give you.
S2: So you only have to have weed control for a
S2: few weeks. If you've sown barley at early in the season,
S2: it's going to end up covering the ground and getting
S2: canopy closure quite quickly because the soil's warm.
S1: Okay, so where does glycine okay.
S2: Glufosinate comes into this. So if you want to use
S2: a more traditional knockdown approach, either you've had rain in
S2: early to mid-April where it's kind of still too early
S2: to sew and you need to get rid of the
S2: vegetation that's currently there. So that's where you would go.
S2: All right. We're going to need to control some weeds there.
S2: We probably don't have enough paraquat for our traditional double
S2: knock to work. What are our other alternatives? The problem
S2: of using glufosinate in that space is it's got a plant.
S2: Back to sowing your crop of two weeks on the label.
S2: So if you're going to double knock, you have to
S2: put glufosinate in your first knock so you can come
S2: back with glyphosate in your second knock. And instead of
S2: the traditional double knock we've had where you would use
S2: glyphosate and you could come back the next day with paraquat,
S2: we're going to have to require a longer space between
S2: the two herbicides, because our glufosinate tends to be a
S2: a bleacher. It burns the leaves off plants. And if
S2: you've got glyphosate sitting on the outside and you burn
S2: the leaf off, you're not going to get as much
S2: glyphosate taken up. So you need to wait that little
S2: bit of extra time until any surviving weeds start to regrow.
S2: And then you hit them with the glyphosate component. And
S2: I think the in thinking about it that way, the
S2: kind of unknown question there is that if you're going
S2: to put a group 14 herbicide in to help this,
S2: which part of that would you put it in? The
S2: work we did with Glufosinate suggested that probably Virachkul was
S2: the best Group 14 herbicide to mix with it. That
S2: also has a plant back for most crops on the label.
S2: And so in that case, you'd probably think of putting
S2: the virachkul in with that first knock. So probably in
S2: with the glyphosate component. Now there are other things that
S2: we could do because we still will have paraquat at
S2: a lower rate. So for example, we could decide that
S2: instead of putting glyphosate in as that second knock, we
S2: could put paraquat plus our group 14 in that second knock.
S2: And in which case we'd probably want to use maybe
S2: something like Terrador where we don't have that plant back problem.
S2: So there's lots of options. It's a case of what's
S2: going to work. Depending upon the weed spectrum you have
S2: and what you're trying to do.
S1: So you're really talking my language, Chris, when you go
S1: into the details of it, was there any more advice
S1: that you would have in the meantime?
S2: I think the Glufosinate work is going to be a
S2: couple of years till we've got a really good idea
S2: of what the best approaches are. So at the moment
S2: we've done a bit of work around without glyphosate, but
S2: we now need to do the same thing with our
S2: paraquat essentially. I think we'll have an idea by the
S2: time farmers are probably going to have to really focus on,
S2: I can't use the traditional double knock, what am I
S2: going to do? We'll probably have some better idea about that.
S2: But I think the idea of dry seeding, particularly wheat, but,
S2: you know, you can dry so some of your other
S2: crops with advantage. It's something farmers can probably do. Now
S2: if we get a dry start to a season, hopefully
S2: they've learnt a bit about what are the bits of
S2: chemistry that really suit dry sewing compared to the ones
S2: that don't? And certainly I've talked a fair bit over
S2: the years about which ones we should be focusing on.
S2: Things like peroxide Sulfone Trifluralin really suit dry sewing. So
S2: if you know you've got a big problem and you're
S2: going to go dry sewing, you probably need something in
S2: crop as well as that pre-emergent herbicide. So I think
S2: this is a practice that farmers can go, yeah, we
S2: can take on this now if we get a dry
S2: start next year and then we don't have to worry
S2: about what rate of paraquat we're using because we're not
S2: using it.
S1: Okay. But if the apvma rule in the next couple
S1: of months is that likely.
S2: I think it's unlikely that we would have label change
S2: by the time of sowing next year. That's my current feeling,
S2: because the Apvma has got to review all the material
S2: that's been sent to it. If it reviews all the
S2: material that's been sent to it and works out really quickly.
S2: It doesn't change our decision. Then maybe we might see
S2: some changes more quickly, but I'm suspecting that what will
S2: happen is that they'll look at it and they'll go,
S2: oh yeah, we didn't actually consider that piece of information.
S2: We might have to go back and revisit our decision,
S2: and if that's the case, then that'll take extra time.
S2: So it's one of those kind of hard ones to
S2: predict when we're going to see it. I mean, the
S2: reason we've been doing this work is to find different
S2: approaches to a looming problem for us anyway. I mean,
S2: because we're getting a lot of weeds that have got
S2: resistance to glyphosate, we have to do something about that
S2: knock down space.
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S1: sizes and prices. Okay, so moving on to summer weed
S1: control in general, I think, Chris, we have seen particularly
S1: in this area, probably over towards Adelaide as well, that
S1: summer weed control has just played such a big role
S1: this year in whether a crop does any good or
S1: whether it's really struggling. You can really see the paddocks
S1: that have either been on fallow, of course, or have
S1: had that good summer knock compared to those that might
S1: have missed it. What would your advice be to farmers
S1: that are there already, probably in harvest, or doing hay,
S1: or about to start harvest to control their summer weeds? away.
S1: Keeping in mind they are in harvest, they are really
S1: busy and then they want to go on holidays.
S2: Yeah, it's probably one of our, our biggest issues is
S2: getting some weed control. Exactly right. What we do know
S2: is we really are now fully understanding the value of
S2: moisture saving over the summer period for the next year's crop.
S2: One of the parts of planning is, I think, to
S2: understand which of your packets are you going to put
S2: into crop next year? Which ones are you sure you
S2: really want to have a crop? In which ones are
S2: you going to rotate into pasture? Because that might change
S2: your decision about how you approach some of weeds in
S2: those paddocks. I think it's fairly straightforward to say these
S2: are the paddocks I'm going to put into crop next year.
S2: They're the ones where I need to retain as much
S2: moisture as possible. That's fallen over that summer period, and
S2: they're the ones to focus on summer wheat control going
S2: into pasture. You can take a much less focused approach
S2: to summer weed control in those paddocks, and you might
S2: really think about only controlling some specific weeds, like heliotrope
S2: if they come up in those paddocks. So when we're
S2: thinking about summer weed control, a number of the weeds
S2: that challenge us over summer have actually already germinated. They
S2: were germinating back late August early September and they'll be
S2: in under the crop canopy. So weeds like fleabane, for example,
S2: and we will find them, will most likely be in
S2: the crops we have that have got much less crop competition.
S2: So pulses and where cereals have been uncompetitive for whatever reason.
S2: So they've been late sown, for example, or you've sown
S2: them on really wide rows Eyes or whatever's caused them
S2: to be uncompetitive. So they're going to be the paddocks
S2: where the main planning is going to have to be done.
S2: So things that farmers can do is that prior to harvest,
S2: they can actually go out and check crops and see,
S2: do I have some weeds already growing there? It's fleabane
S2: already germinated. Uh, in which case, I know I've got
S2: to deal with that paddock as a priority after harvest.
S2: If the paddocks are relatively clean, then you are going
S2: to have a much lower weed burden. It's going to
S2: have much less impact on how much moisture it takes.
S2: And you can afford to have that as a sort
S2: of a second or third priority paddock that you're going
S2: to deal with. The I think the biggest issue with
S2: the problems that we're having around these spring germinating weeds
S2: is that the earlier we get on to controlling those weeds,
S2: the smaller they are and the easier they are to
S2: control going. I've got to get harvest off. I've spent
S2: long days harvesting and I want to go on holidays
S2: for four weeks down the beach, and I'm not going
S2: to think about anything until I get back, just allows
S2: those weeds to get larger and larger and become more
S2: and more difficult to control. If there's the ability to
S2: in between harvest and heading to the beach to get
S2: those high priority paddocks some weed control on them and
S2: reduce the weed burden, they're going to be much easier
S2: to manage further into the summer fallow period. So part
S2: of it's, I think, about sorting paddocks into which ones
S2: absolutely need some weed control, which ones don't have too
S2: much in them so they can afford to wait a
S2: little bit. And if I do have to control them,
S2: it might be a little bit more difficult because they
S2: don't have too many weeds. It's not a problem. Ones
S2: I can put the sheep in to eat the weeds
S2: for a while because they're going to go into pasture,
S2: and therefore that summer moisture retention is not going to
S2: be quite as valuable. What we also get as we
S2: saw last year is we can get those really big
S2: summer rainfall events and those really big summer rainfall events
S2: will do a couple of things. One, if you've got
S2: existing weeds in the paddock, they will really allow those
S2: weeds to push on. They're already deep rooted. They're just
S2: going to grow into massive, great monsters, but it'll germinate
S2: a whole bunch of new weeds. So if you're weed
S2: free and you get a rainfall event and it just
S2: wets up the surface and dries out again, all those
S2: surface germinating weeds won't come up. What might happen is
S2: you might get things like melons and so on. That
S2: can be a bit troublesome. They might come up, but
S2: you probably end up with a lot lower weed problem
S2: than if you get a large rainfall event where the
S2: soil remains wet for three, four, five days because that'll
S2: germinate those summer weeds as well. Are those some sort
S2: of spring germinating summer weeds? So. Things like fleabane. Often
S2: in the South, we don't see a lot of fleabane
S2: germinate over summer because we just tend to have these
S2: thunderstorms that drop ten 15mm of rain, and then we'll
S2: have a couple of 30 degree days, and they dry
S2: the surface out where we will see them germinate in
S2: those circumstances, often in the crop row where there's a
S2: bit of shading and the surface doesn't dry out as fast.
S2: So I think there are places to actually go and
S2: look after these summer rainfall events to work out what's
S2: really happening. So, you know, driving around the paddock and going,
S2: I don't see anything, stop, move some of the straw
S2: away and just see that you don't have anything germinating
S2: where that moisture has been accumulating.
S1: You know, we get a rain after harvest or in harvest.
S1: And I often think, oh, that's going to summer weeds.
S1: But you're saying it actually raining for one day and
S1: then we get another five hot days. It's probably not
S1: as big a deal. That's what you're saying? Yeah.
S2: So if we get a sustained period of rainfall in summer.
S2: So if you get rain every afternoon for 3 or
S2: 4 days, that'll be enough to keep the soil moist.
S2: And you might get a large crop of summer weeds
S2: occurring all over the paddock. Otherwise, these weeds, like these
S2: surface germinating weeds like fleabane, are really going to turn
S2: up where water is collecting. And that's why, you know,
S2: in the summertime we see a lot of this happening
S2: on roadsides. That's because water runs off the roads and
S2: collects on the roadside edge. We've got vegetation and other
S2: material on there, which helps shade the surface so it
S2: doesn't dry out as fast. So we're looking at those
S2: places where the soil doesn't dry out quickly. But I
S2: think the big issue we often have is that we'll
S2: after harvest, we'll end up with those big weeds that
S2: require a lot of attention. Dealing with those later ones
S2: is often a not every year problem, because you don't
S2: always get a big rainfall event over summer. You might
S2: get a few millimeters here and a few millimeters somewhere else,
S2: and it's really not adding up to a whole lot.
S2: So you're often trying to protect that first rainfall event
S2: you got in time for harvest. The planning component of
S2: it is to really make some decisions about which of
S2: your paddocks are a must for early summer weed control
S2: to reduce the weed burden so they're easier to manage
S2: as the season goes on and you have less losses.
S2: Which ones can you get away with? Being not so
S2: rigorous around some of weed control on that gives you
S2: a bit of flexibility.
S1: I like what you're saying there. You're really breaking it
S1: down because it's all very easy to say. But I
S1: like that you've actually thought about this in terms of
S1: being a farmer because yeah, it's easy to say, oh yeah,
S1: once you've finished harvest, I know you want to go
S1: on holidays, but, you know, just to get your weeds.
S1: But people are exhausted. They're so tired and they need
S1: a holiday. So I really like what you're saying about
S1: break down your paddocks, prioritize the ones that are really important,
S1: perhaps put some sheep on some other ones, and hopefully
S1: you've got someone to look after your sheep while you
S1: go on holidays. That's the next problem. But we won't
S1: go into that. Um, and then would you also suggest
S1: getting a contractor in? Because I'm just thinking, again, all
S1: very easy to say, and I know contractors cost money,
S1: but it's just so important that farmers get to have
S1: a break. It might not be four weeks, it might
S1: be one week. But if they feel like they're tied
S1: to the farm and they have to get these summer weeds,
S1: which are obviously really important and they need to be killed,
S1: and it's going to be cheaper, isn't it? If they
S1: get them when they're smaller as well.
S2: It will be cheaper to get them when they're smaller.
S2: And I think the idea about getting a contractor in
S2: is a good one. If you're a farmer and you're
S2: feeling under pressure about, you know, time pressure about getting
S2: everything done. Yeah, absolutely. Part of the issue that I
S2: think farmers have around some of the things that we're
S2: doing is that their farms have got too big for
S2: the amount of equipment they have, and this creates some
S2: real challenges about how to get things done in a
S2: timely fashion. We see that every year, where we have
S2: a lot of summer rain, is that farmers struggle to
S2: get across their paddocks to do all their summer weed control.
S2: So I think it's understanding what your own limitations are
S2: and just thinking about all the practicalities around this and
S2: how to do a good job may really make sense
S2: that you've got a few paddocks that a contractor needs
S2: to do, just to make sure that the whole of
S2: the farm you need to get done gets done in
S2: a timely fashion. That's probably what you should be thinking
S2: about doing.
S1: Some away, some aloft balance, I think. So do you
S1: have any calculations on how much money farmers are losing
S1: by letting those summer weeds grow?
S2: I think that's probably the most difficult question you can
S2: ask is, because a lot of it depends on how
S2: much moisture you're going to save in the soil. So
S2: how much moisture loss is going to happen? And we
S2: would the old if you think about it, the old
S2: French Schultz model that said you got 20 kilos of
S2: grain for every millimeter of rainfall. Well, we've now shifted that.
S2: And part of the reason we've shifted that is one
S2: we don't get as much evaporation as we used to have.
S2: But secondly, we're using stored moisture. And that stored moisture
S2: can be worth depending on how much is there can
S2: be worth, you know, up to a ton of grain.
S2: That's the bit. Is that how much do you have
S2: to protect is how much you've got to lose where
S2: we get those big seasons like some guys had last year,
S2: there's some farmers in the Valley who've virtually grown their
S2: crop on on stored moisture this year. If you'd lost
S2: all that because you didn't get your summer weed control done,
S2: then you've lost a significant amount of this year's revenue.
S2: We know in the big picture the average is you
S2: get $35 back for every dollar you spend on summer
S2: wheat control. Um, but that varies widely from almost nothing
S2: to hundreds of dollars.
S1: So if you can put that cost in at the
S1: start of the year, it might save your whole season.
S1: We've spoken about first going out and monitoring your paddock.
S1: So if you've perhaps even before harvest, seeing what's there
S1: after harvest, making sure you're moving the stubble around, getting
S1: out of the ute and actually seeing what's underneath. Talking
S1: about with those summer rainfall events to get out and
S1: check after those rainfall events, knowing that if you just
S1: get one rain and then five hot days, it might
S1: actually not do anything. Whereas if something's being sheltered or
S1: you really need to get in and see if the
S1: ground is still damp to see whether something's germinating. So
S1: prioritizing those paddocks, perhaps putting some sheep on, maybe getting
S1: a contractor in, and then also you're talking about with
S1: the apvma and the diquat and the paraquat to just
S1: wait and see, obviously what happens. But knowing that you,
S1: you and your science buddies and people at BCG were
S1: working on strategies to to help farmers because we know
S1: that these things are just going to pop up all
S1: the time. And as you say, we have to look
S1: at these strategies anyway because we're seeing resistance. Was there
S1: anything else that I capture that okay. No, I think.
S2: You've you've caught everything that I've talked about so far. Yes.
S1: Good. Was there anything else if you had a key message, Chris,
S1: for farmers this harvest and post-harvest, what would it be?
S2: I think the key message I would have would be
S2: to have a plan, develop a plan for what you're
S2: going to do, and within that have an idea about
S2: some contingencies. So your plan at the moment might be
S2: that I've got these paddocks where I'm going to make
S2: sure I'm going to get complete summer weed control. I've
S2: got these other paddocks which I'm going to have sheep on,
S2: so it doesn't really matter. And then if it rains, Rides.
S2: What will I do? Will I change any of my
S2: decisions and understand how you might change your decisions before
S2: that event happens? That if it does happen, you can
S2: step into those new decisions. Prioritise how you're going to plan.
S2: Because those paddocks that had more competitive crops in this
S2: year are probably going to need less attention than those
S2: ones that had less competitive crops.
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