1 00:00:08,119 --> 00:00:11,000 S1: When were the first maps of the Holy Land created? 2 00:00:11,119 --> 00:00:15,040 S1: And what tools did those ancient cartographers use? How do 3 00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:18,760 S1: today's maps of the region influence the Arab-Israeli conflict? Well, 4 00:00:18,760 --> 00:00:21,520 S1: that's our focus coming up. As always, we'll take plenty 5 00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:24,600 S1: of time to answer your Bible questions. Plus bring you 6 00:00:24,600 --> 00:00:27,440 S1: the latest headlines from the Middle East. That's all ahead 7 00:00:27,440 --> 00:00:30,040 S1: this week on the program we call the Land and 8 00:00:30,040 --> 00:00:33,080 S1: the book. Hey, welcome. If you're new, welcome. If you're 9 00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:35,800 S1: not new, we're glad to have you back. I'm John Gieger, 10 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:38,320 S1: glad to connect as well with your friend and mine, 11 00:00:38,360 --> 00:00:41,360 S1: Middle East expert Doctor Charlie Dyer. And this week, Charlie, 12 00:00:41,360 --> 00:00:43,840 S1: it just feels like the Middle East has once again 13 00:00:43,840 --> 00:00:45,800 S1: been shaken like a snow globe. 14 00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:48,080 S2: Oh, John. It has. You know, I'm a news junkie, 15 00:00:48,240 --> 00:00:50,520 S2: and I found myself going back again and again just 16 00:00:50,520 --> 00:00:53,640 S2: to find out the events that are happening are moving 17 00:00:53,640 --> 00:00:56,600 S2: at such a rapid pace. Uh, but yeah, it's incredible. 18 00:00:56,600 --> 00:00:59,520 S2: It's like seeing all the the snow flying around in 19 00:00:59,710 --> 00:01:00,230 S2: that globe. 20 00:01:00,590 --> 00:01:02,550 S1: Well, as we zoom out just a bit, we have 21 00:01:02,550 --> 00:01:04,350 S1: to ask ourselves, at this season of the year, what 22 00:01:04,350 --> 00:01:08,430 S1: does Passover mean for us as believers in Jesus? Some 23 00:01:08,430 --> 00:01:10,590 S1: might remember the story from the book of Exodus, but 24 00:01:10,590 --> 00:01:13,150 S1: there's so much more to it. Did you know that 25 00:01:13,150 --> 00:01:16,350 S1: the Last Supper was actually a Passover meal? And not 26 00:01:16,350 --> 00:01:20,030 S1: only did Jesus and his disciples celebrate Passover, it also 27 00:01:20,030 --> 00:01:22,670 S1: foreshadowed his death on the cross for our redemption. 28 00:01:22,750 --> 00:01:24,950 S2: That's right, John. In fact, Jewish people have been keeping 29 00:01:24,950 --> 00:01:28,830 S2: the feast of Passover for thousands of years. Understanding the 30 00:01:28,830 --> 00:01:32,110 S2: history and importance of this holiday will help you connect 31 00:01:32,110 --> 00:01:35,229 S2: better with your Jewish friends and neighbors. And what better 32 00:01:35,230 --> 00:01:37,990 S2: way is there to learn about Passover than to experience 33 00:01:38,030 --> 00:01:42,910 S2: a Passover Seder yourself? If you've never celebrated Passover, our 34 00:01:42,910 --> 00:01:45,270 S2: friends at Life in Messiah would love to partner with 35 00:01:45,270 --> 00:01:49,029 S2: you in hosting a Seder experience. Every year, their staff 36 00:01:49,030 --> 00:01:52,910 S2: engage churches and small groups in an interactive Messiah in 37 00:01:52,910 --> 00:01:56,830 S2: the Passover Seder, allowing participants to taste and see the 38 00:01:56,830 --> 00:02:00,500 S2: redemption story. Now, if you're interested in having someone come 39 00:02:00,540 --> 00:02:04,260 S2: lead a Seder in your area, visit Life in Messiah 40 00:02:04,260 --> 00:02:07,420 S2: Org and click on the radio button there to learn more. 41 00:02:07,460 --> 00:02:09,299 S2: That's life in Messiah. 42 00:02:10,419 --> 00:02:13,340 S1: Thank you Charlie. No doubt at the center of the 43 00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:16,980 S1: very swirled up snow globe situation in the Middle East 44 00:02:17,260 --> 00:02:20,540 S1: is the ongoing conflict, the drama with the hostages between 45 00:02:20,580 --> 00:02:23,500 S1: Hamas and Israel. And while, at least in theory, there's 46 00:02:23,500 --> 00:02:27,579 S1: a ceasefire in hostage exchange in place between Israel and Hamas, 47 00:02:27,860 --> 00:02:31,140 S1: everything took a dramatic turn on Monday when Hamas announced 48 00:02:31,139 --> 00:02:34,700 S1: it was suspending the further release of hostages. What reason 49 00:02:34,700 --> 00:02:37,100 S1: did they give and what's been happening since then? 50 00:02:37,460 --> 00:02:40,500 S2: Yeah, Hamas announced it was suspending the release of hostages 51 00:02:40,540 --> 00:02:44,859 S2: until further notice because of what it called Israeli violations. 52 00:02:45,060 --> 00:02:49,500 S2: In reality, Hamas is manipulating the hostages and the negotiations 53 00:02:49,500 --> 00:02:53,260 S2: for its own cynical political advantages, trying to use Israel's 54 00:02:53,300 --> 00:02:57,970 S2: anguish over the deteriorating physical condition of those hostages to 55 00:02:58,010 --> 00:03:02,050 S2: force Israel to make additional concessions. The expected protests in 56 00:03:02,050 --> 00:03:05,970 S2: Israel did take place, but then something very unexpected happened. 57 00:03:06,130 --> 00:03:09,730 S2: President Trump issued his own stark warning to Hamas. He 58 00:03:09,730 --> 00:03:13,410 S2: demanded that all hostages be released at once by noon, 59 00:03:13,410 --> 00:03:17,850 S2: February 15th. Otherwise, he said, it will be a different ballgame. Now, 60 00:03:17,850 --> 00:03:19,770 S2: he used some other words as well, but we'll leave 61 00:03:19,770 --> 00:03:23,450 S2: those unsaid right here. His clear message, though, was that 62 00:03:23,450 --> 00:03:25,970 S2: he would give Israel the green light to resume the war, 63 00:03:26,010 --> 00:03:30,130 S2: to eliminate Hamas if all the hostages aren't released. Hamas 64 00:03:30,130 --> 00:03:34,050 S2: responded by saying the president's threats have no value. Israel 65 00:03:34,050 --> 00:03:37,210 S2: called up reserves and sent additional soldiers to the Gaza 66 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:41,450 S2: border area. Prime Minister Netanyahu said Israel would resume fighting 67 00:03:41,450 --> 00:03:45,410 S2: if the hostages aren't released and the cease fire deal collapses. 68 00:03:45,610 --> 00:03:48,369 S2: And that's where the situation stands as we record this 69 00:03:48,370 --> 00:03:52,490 S2: program before the actual arrival of that deadline. In spite 70 00:03:52,490 --> 00:03:55,369 S2: of all the cheering and jeering and hand-wringing and and 71 00:03:55,370 --> 00:03:57,880 S2: threats that have been going about. Here's what we do 72 00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,400 S2: know right now. A majority of Israelis really don't want 73 00:04:01,400 --> 00:04:03,800 S2: to go back to war. They want the hostages to 74 00:04:03,840 --> 00:04:06,760 S2: come home, even if it means allowing Hamas to remain 75 00:04:06,760 --> 00:04:10,040 S2: in control of Gaza. Their fear is that renewed fighting 76 00:04:10,040 --> 00:04:13,000 S2: will result in the deaths of the remaining hostages who 77 00:04:13,000 --> 00:04:17,640 S2: are still alive, along with the deaths of additional soldiers. Hamas, 78 00:04:17,680 --> 00:04:20,960 S2: in spite of its tough talk, also doesn't really want 79 00:04:21,000 --> 00:04:24,520 S2: renewed fighting because this time Israel won't be restrained by 80 00:04:24,520 --> 00:04:27,479 S2: the US to hold back. They'll push for the total 81 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:32,720 S2: destruction of Hamas's political and military infrastructure. Israel has provided 82 00:04:32,720 --> 00:04:35,560 S2: an off ramp to the current crisis by saying it 83 00:04:35,560 --> 00:04:38,919 S2: would continue to adhere to the ceasefire deal if Hamas 84 00:04:38,920 --> 00:04:42,640 S2: releases the sixth group of hostages on Saturday, in accordance 85 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:45,480 S2: with the terms of the agreement. And that leaves us 86 00:04:45,480 --> 00:04:48,080 S2: with all eyes on Hamas to see what they'll do 87 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:50,840 S2: this weekend and then on into the future. 88 00:04:51,000 --> 00:04:53,760 S1: From Moody Radio. This is the land and the book. 89 00:04:53,920 --> 00:04:57,020 S1: Our host, doctor Charlie Dyer. I'm John Yeager. We're looking 90 00:04:57,020 --> 00:04:59,700 S1: at current events from the Middle East this week. Lebanon 91 00:04:59,700 --> 00:05:03,260 S1: has formed a new government, the first since 2022. How 92 00:05:03,260 --> 00:05:06,219 S1: important is this milestone and could it help bring about 93 00:05:06,220 --> 00:05:08,500 S1: peace between Lebanon and Israel? 94 00:05:08,900 --> 00:05:11,060 S2: Well, the formation of this new government is a good 95 00:05:11,060 --> 00:05:14,300 S2: thing and it comes with some very positive signs. You know, 96 00:05:14,339 --> 00:05:18,180 S2: Lebanon's government is arranged along religious lines. The president is 97 00:05:18,180 --> 00:05:21,219 S2: always a maronite Christian. The speaker of the parliament is 98 00:05:21,220 --> 00:05:24,140 S2: always a Shiite Muslim, and the prime minister is always 99 00:05:24,140 --> 00:05:27,860 S2: a Sunni Muslim. In 2008, an agreement was reached that 100 00:05:27,860 --> 00:05:30,900 S2: allowed any one of those three, in essence, to have 101 00:05:30,900 --> 00:05:34,260 S2: veto power in the Council of Ministers, the the executive 102 00:05:34,260 --> 00:05:38,260 S2: body of the country. Well, Hezbollah effectively used that power 103 00:05:38,260 --> 00:05:41,900 S2: to hold the country hostage by blocking issues that required 104 00:05:41,900 --> 00:05:44,500 S2: the two thirds vote or more to pass. Over the 105 00:05:44,500 --> 00:05:49,060 S2: past six years, Lebanon has experienced several traumatic events, beginning 106 00:05:49,060 --> 00:05:52,300 S2: in 2019, with the collapse in the value of its 107 00:05:52,300 --> 00:05:56,610 S2: currency that led to a banking crisis and a debt crisis. Then, 108 00:05:56,610 --> 00:05:58,930 S2: just one year later in 2020, there was a massive 109 00:05:58,930 --> 00:06:03,370 S2: explosion in the port of Beirut that killed at least 218, 110 00:06:03,410 --> 00:06:07,050 S2: injured 7000, and destroyed a major portion of the area 111 00:06:07,050 --> 00:06:10,690 S2: around the harbor. Most assumed the explosion was caused by 112 00:06:10,690 --> 00:06:14,770 S2: Hezbollah storing ammonium nitrate at the port. But Hezbollah has 113 00:06:14,770 --> 00:06:18,890 S2: blocked an investigation. Finally, over the past year, Hezbollah fired 114 00:06:18,890 --> 00:06:21,770 S2: rockets into Israel, and that led Israel to respond with 115 00:06:21,770 --> 00:06:26,929 S2: devastating airstrikes on Hezbollah's sites and leadership in Lebanon, severely 116 00:06:26,970 --> 00:06:30,890 S2: weakening the group but also impacting the infrastructure of the country. 117 00:06:31,210 --> 00:06:33,890 S2: The US and Europe pushed to have Lebanon form a 118 00:06:33,890 --> 00:06:39,530 S2: new government without Hezbollah's stranglehold. And apparently that has now succeeded. Now, 119 00:06:39,690 --> 00:06:43,810 S2: will it bring about peace between Israel and Lebanon? Probably not. 120 00:06:43,810 --> 00:06:47,050 S2: At least not anytime soon. Iran is still trying to 121 00:06:47,089 --> 00:06:51,690 S2: rearm Hezbollah until Iran's influence is removed. It seems unlikely 122 00:06:51,690 --> 00:06:54,760 S2: that Hezbollah will sit by and allow Lebanon to make 123 00:06:54,760 --> 00:06:59,160 S2: peace with Israel. However, if Iran's influence is reduced and 124 00:06:59,160 --> 00:07:02,360 S2: if the latest conflict with Hamas can be resolved, and 125 00:07:02,360 --> 00:07:05,160 S2: if Israel is then able to make peace with Saudi Arabia, 126 00:07:05,360 --> 00:07:09,159 S2: then peace between Israel and Lebanon might just follow. But, John, 127 00:07:09,160 --> 00:07:11,480 S2: there are a lot of ifs in that pathway to peace. 128 00:07:11,520 --> 00:07:13,360 S1: Well, I heard a lot. I didn't count them, but 129 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:15,800 S1: there's a lot there. Well, here's an interesting story. For 130 00:07:15,800 --> 00:07:18,840 S1: the first time in over two years, Israel has officially 131 00:07:18,840 --> 00:07:22,280 S1: entered a period of drought. What's been happening weather wise? 132 00:07:22,280 --> 00:07:25,760 S1: And has this created any short term problems for the country? 133 00:07:25,920 --> 00:07:29,000 S2: Yeah. Israel's water authority has publicly declared that the current 134 00:07:29,000 --> 00:07:31,640 S2: winter is one of the most arid in recent years, 135 00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:34,440 S2: and is on course to be the driest in a century. 136 00:07:34,760 --> 00:07:38,520 S2: Israel's winter rainy season extends from October to March. But 137 00:07:38,520 --> 00:07:42,080 S2: thus far they've only had one single heavy downpour. Up 138 00:07:42,080 --> 00:07:44,320 S2: till this past weekend, the Sea of Galilee had risen 139 00:07:44,320 --> 00:07:46,800 S2: less than one inch. And the flow of the Jordan 140 00:07:46,800 --> 00:07:50,480 S2: River was the lowest since 1960. Now rainfall totals do 141 00:07:50,480 --> 00:07:54,070 S2: totals do vary by region in northern Israel. Nazareth has 142 00:07:54,070 --> 00:07:57,270 S2: only received about 70% of its normal year to date rainfall, 143 00:07:57,270 --> 00:07:59,430 S2: or that's about 50% of what it would get for 144 00:07:59,430 --> 00:08:02,830 S2: the annual total. Further south, though, along the coast those 145 00:08:02,830 --> 00:08:05,870 S2: numbers dropped to 60% of the year to date rainfall 146 00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:09,950 S2: and 45% of the total. In Jerusalem, it drops still more. 147 00:08:10,070 --> 00:08:13,910 S2: They've only gotten 50% of the year to date average rainfall, 148 00:08:13,910 --> 00:08:16,070 S2: and only a third of the year to date total 149 00:08:16,070 --> 00:08:19,070 S2: annual rainfall. But there is a silver lining in this 150 00:08:19,070 --> 00:08:23,070 S2: cloudless sky, John. Beginning last weekend and continuing on through 151 00:08:23,070 --> 00:08:25,910 S2: this past Wednesday, a series of storms did move in 152 00:08:25,910 --> 00:08:29,990 S2: from the Mediterranean, providing a little relief, and Israel's desalination 153 00:08:29,990 --> 00:08:33,910 S2: plants continue to supply the country with water from the Mediterranean. 154 00:08:33,910 --> 00:08:35,949 S2: Some of that's even being piped into the Sea of 155 00:08:35,950 --> 00:08:39,230 S2: Galilee to help replenish it. Right now, the Sea of 156 00:08:39,230 --> 00:08:42,110 S2: Galilee is holding steady at just over eight feet below 157 00:08:42,110 --> 00:08:45,150 S2: the upper Red line, which is the lake's maximum capacity, 158 00:08:45,150 --> 00:08:48,510 S2: and just over 5.5ft above the lower red line, which 159 00:08:48,510 --> 00:08:50,740 S2: is the lowest level they ever want it to reach. 160 00:08:50,940 --> 00:08:53,540 S2: Hopefully there'll be more storms on the horizon through this 161 00:08:53,540 --> 00:08:56,179 S2: month and into early March to make up for the 162 00:08:56,179 --> 00:08:59,300 S2: shortfall this fall. You know, God said rain is a blessing. 163 00:08:59,340 --> 00:09:01,380 S2: And right now, the people in Israel are in fact, 164 00:09:01,380 --> 00:09:03,939 S2: the entire region are hoping to receive some of that 165 00:09:03,940 --> 00:09:07,340 S2: blessing before the dry summer months arrive, for sure. 166 00:09:07,820 --> 00:09:10,300 S1: Our final story takes us to the beautiful Greek island 167 00:09:10,340 --> 00:09:15,460 S1: of Santorini, which unfortunately has been experiencing a swarm of earthquakes. 168 00:09:15,620 --> 00:09:18,620 S1: How serious is the threat facing the island and what 169 00:09:18,620 --> 00:09:21,860 S1: potential impact could it have on surrounding countries? 170 00:09:21,900 --> 00:09:23,740 S2: Yeah, this swarm. And so right now it's more than 171 00:09:23,740 --> 00:09:28,340 S2: 12,000 earthquakes. It began on January 28th. It continues even 172 00:09:28,340 --> 00:09:31,020 S2: as we're speaking. Scientists don't know if the swarm will 173 00:09:31,020 --> 00:09:33,300 S2: simply cease on its own, or if it's leading up 174 00:09:33,300 --> 00:09:36,220 S2: to a much larger earthquake in the near future. The 175 00:09:36,220 --> 00:09:38,819 S2: good news, if there is any when it comes to earthquakes, 176 00:09:38,860 --> 00:09:42,140 S2: is that these aren't volcanic earthquakes. A Santorini was one 177 00:09:42,140 --> 00:09:46,219 S2: of the world's largest volcanic eruptions back in 1600 B.C. 178 00:09:46,500 --> 00:09:49,809 S2: that caused the collapse of the Minoan civilization on Crete. 179 00:09:49,809 --> 00:09:51,570 S2: But the greater risk right now with this one is 180 00:09:51,570 --> 00:09:54,730 S2: that a major earthquake might generate a tsunami that could 181 00:09:54,730 --> 00:09:58,290 S2: reach out across the region. Greece placed Santorini under a 182 00:09:58,290 --> 00:10:03,050 S2: state of emergency. Turkey's Disaster and Emergency Management Authority is 183 00:10:03,210 --> 00:10:05,730 S2: looking carefully at the coastline of Turkey, which is about 184 00:10:05,730 --> 00:10:09,449 S2: 100 miles away, and Israel's National Security Council is looking 185 00:10:09,450 --> 00:10:13,290 S2: as well, even though they're nearly 750 miles away. Uh, 186 00:10:13,290 --> 00:10:16,290 S2: let's hope that these swarms of earthquakes subside without leading 187 00:10:16,290 --> 00:10:19,010 S2: to a much larger earthquake in the near future. For 188 00:10:19,010 --> 00:10:21,610 S2: the people on the island and for all the surrounding nations, 189 00:10:21,610 --> 00:10:24,170 S2: holding their breath and hoping not to see that tsunami. 190 00:10:24,290 --> 00:10:27,170 S1: And that's a look at current events. Up next, mapping 191 00:10:27,170 --> 00:10:30,849 S1: the Holy Land. Insights into the first maps ever created 192 00:10:30,850 --> 00:10:47,800 S1: on the land. And the book. When were the first 193 00:10:47,800 --> 00:10:50,880 S1: maps of the Holy Land first drawn on paper? And 194 00:10:50,880 --> 00:10:54,800 S1: what tools did those ancient cartographers really use? How did 195 00:10:54,800 --> 00:10:58,719 S1: today's maps of the region influence the Arab-Israeli conflict? Well, 196 00:10:58,720 --> 00:11:01,720 S1: that's our focus next. Welcome to the land and the 197 00:11:01,720 --> 00:11:05,120 S1: book from Moody Radio. I'm John Gieger, inviting you into 198 00:11:05,120 --> 00:11:08,400 S1: a conversation about mapping the Holy Land. What do you 199 00:11:08,400 --> 00:11:12,920 S1: say we welcome our guest, Jean-Pierre Isbouts, along with Neil Asbury. 200 00:11:12,960 --> 00:11:17,120 S1: He has coauthored Mapping the Holy Land An Illustrated Atlas. 201 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:21,600 S1: Jean-Pierre is a professor in the social Sciences PhD program 202 00:11:21,880 --> 00:11:27,839 S1: at Fielding Graduate University in Santa Barbara, California, and an archaeologist, author, screenwriter, 203 00:11:27,840 --> 00:11:30,720 S1: director and producer. I've looked at some of his work. 204 00:11:30,800 --> 00:11:32,640 S1: It's a great collection, and we've got a lot of 205 00:11:32,640 --> 00:11:34,960 S1: regard for what you're doing. With that, welcome to the 206 00:11:34,960 --> 00:11:36,520 S1: land and the book, Jean-Pierre. 207 00:11:37,040 --> 00:11:38,680 S3: John, it's my pleasure. Thank you. 208 00:11:38,960 --> 00:11:41,920 S1: Well, what do we know about the oldest surviving maps 209 00:11:41,920 --> 00:11:44,360 S1: of the Holy Land? How old are they? And what 210 00:11:44,360 --> 00:11:45,360 S1: is their origin? 211 00:11:46,020 --> 00:11:49,780 S3: Well, of course we we don't know exactly what maps 212 00:11:49,820 --> 00:11:53,900 S3: exist during the time of the great kingdoms of Israel 213 00:11:54,020 --> 00:11:57,780 S3: and Judah. The oldest map that's in the book is 214 00:11:57,820 --> 00:12:01,820 S3: actually a Babylonian map of the world from the second 215 00:12:01,820 --> 00:12:06,020 S3: millennium B.C. so in clay it was a clay tablet. 216 00:12:06,260 --> 00:12:11,420 S3: So unfortunately, once paper starts to be used, paper is 217 00:12:11,420 --> 00:12:14,940 S3: very brittle. It's very vulnerable. And so not much of 218 00:12:14,980 --> 00:12:19,340 S3: that has survived. But we do have reconstructions of these 219 00:12:19,380 --> 00:12:23,339 S3: earliest maps and during the Roman time. So let's say 220 00:12:23,340 --> 00:12:26,420 S3: this is the time of the first century, the time 221 00:12:26,420 --> 00:12:29,780 S3: of Jesus. In fact, the oldest map in the book 222 00:12:30,059 --> 00:12:34,900 S3: was created by a Roman geographer called Pomponius Mela, and 223 00:12:34,900 --> 00:12:39,059 S3: he created a map of the world in which Palestina, 224 00:12:39,100 --> 00:12:42,980 S3: as it was called in those days, and Judea, are 225 00:12:42,980 --> 00:12:46,809 S3: very clearly marked at the center of the map. And 226 00:12:46,850 --> 00:12:49,569 S3: that's the map we're very proud of. And that's really 227 00:12:49,809 --> 00:12:51,810 S3: at the heart of the book. And from that point on, 228 00:12:51,850 --> 00:12:57,050 S3: we chart how the developments in the Holy Land from 229 00:12:57,490 --> 00:13:01,569 S3: the Roman period, from the time of Jesus all through 230 00:13:01,610 --> 00:13:06,530 S3: the Persian conquest and the Muslim conquest, have affected the 231 00:13:06,530 --> 00:13:11,730 S3: way people imagine the Holy Land, especially Christian pilgrims who 232 00:13:11,770 --> 00:13:14,170 S3: use these maps to come to the Holy Land. 233 00:13:14,809 --> 00:13:17,610 S1: Okay, so you mentioned the difficulty of of hanging on 234 00:13:17,610 --> 00:13:21,330 S1: to paper copies of these maps, but how were these 235 00:13:21,330 --> 00:13:24,410 S1: oldest of the oldest that are still extant survive? How 236 00:13:24,410 --> 00:13:27,010 S1: were they preserved? Time and elements are not friends to 237 00:13:27,050 --> 00:13:29,490 S1: printed things, as we've already discussed. 238 00:13:29,850 --> 00:13:34,570 S3: No. That's true. And we have to thank really the scribes, 239 00:13:34,650 --> 00:13:40,370 S3: first of the period in Spain. Andalusia. When Spain was 240 00:13:40,490 --> 00:13:46,760 S3: basically ruled by Muslims, and they built large libraries who 241 00:13:46,800 --> 00:13:54,160 S3: basically preserved the great texts of Greek and Roman authors. They, 242 00:13:54,240 --> 00:13:58,040 S3: of course, transcribed them and copied them, and from them 243 00:13:58,040 --> 00:14:02,119 S3: from these great libraries in Al-Andalus, which is Andalusia today. 244 00:14:02,679 --> 00:14:07,319 S3: They were transferred to the monasteries of the Great Western Europe, 245 00:14:07,320 --> 00:14:12,320 S3: the Benedictine, all these other great monasteries that emerged during 246 00:14:12,320 --> 00:14:17,359 S3: the Dark Ages and became really centers of European culture. 247 00:14:17,600 --> 00:14:21,400 S3: And they preserved these maps. And so the most important 248 00:14:21,400 --> 00:14:24,400 S3: map which is throughout the book is the map created 249 00:14:24,400 --> 00:14:29,040 S3: by a geographer called Ptolemy in the second century, who 250 00:14:29,040 --> 00:14:33,040 S3: created maps of the world, and particularly the Holy Land, 251 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:35,600 S3: which would be copied for centuries to come. 252 00:14:36,080 --> 00:14:38,800 S1: An intriguing journey to the Holy Land, as told by 253 00:14:38,800 --> 00:14:41,750 S1: the rare maps and prints that we have today That's 254 00:14:41,750 --> 00:14:44,910 S1: mapping the Holy Land. Our conversation on the land and 255 00:14:44,910 --> 00:14:48,990 S1: the book with our guest, doctor Jean-Pierre Isbouts. What tools 256 00:14:48,990 --> 00:14:53,230 S1: did ancient cartographers use? They had no laser measuring things. 257 00:14:53,230 --> 00:14:56,870 S1: No views from space, no Google Maps, certainly. What did 258 00:14:56,870 --> 00:14:57,470 S1: they use? 259 00:14:57,990 --> 00:15:02,270 S3: They used what we call portolan charts, which are basically 260 00:15:02,270 --> 00:15:06,430 S3: maps that are drawn by mariners. You know, obviously, particularly 261 00:15:06,430 --> 00:15:11,230 S3: in the second century, there were many scheduled services by 262 00:15:11,230 --> 00:15:14,470 S3: ship throughout the Mediterranean. It's amazing. You know, you could 263 00:15:14,510 --> 00:15:18,630 S3: book a seat on a ship from Alexandria to Rome 264 00:15:18,950 --> 00:15:23,430 S3: even as far as Britain. And these scheduled services obviously 265 00:15:23,430 --> 00:15:27,310 S3: required captains who knew how to navigate their way across 266 00:15:27,310 --> 00:15:30,950 S3: the Mediterranean. And so we believe that it was these 267 00:15:30,950 --> 00:15:35,990 S3: trade portolan charts that these captains used all the way, 268 00:15:36,030 --> 00:15:39,990 S3: in fact, to what we believe is Southeast Asia. Roman 269 00:15:40,300 --> 00:15:44,580 S3: traders were believed to go as far as India. Some 270 00:15:44,580 --> 00:15:47,900 S3: believe as far as Vietnam and even China, where the 271 00:15:47,900 --> 00:15:52,900 S3: Romans were customers of silk. Chinese silk made its appearance 272 00:15:52,900 --> 00:15:57,140 S3: in the Roman Empire in the second century AD. So 273 00:15:57,180 --> 00:16:01,100 S3: thanks to these great trade routes that we have, the 274 00:16:01,100 --> 00:16:04,660 S3: the great maps by Ptolemy and so many other great 275 00:16:04,660 --> 00:16:07,380 S3: geographers that were to come afterwards. 276 00:16:07,540 --> 00:16:10,220 S1: In addition to the very colorful and plentiful maps in 277 00:16:10,220 --> 00:16:13,340 S1: this book, I noticed you do a remarkable job of 278 00:16:13,340 --> 00:16:16,860 S1: explaining in your text thousands of years of history in 279 00:16:16,860 --> 00:16:20,060 S1: a relatively few number of pages. I was just amazed. 280 00:16:20,060 --> 00:16:22,380 S1: I take my hat off to you, Jean-Pierre. But how 281 00:16:22,380 --> 00:16:24,260 S1: difficult was that part of the process? 282 00:16:24,580 --> 00:16:29,380 S3: Well, I've been very blessed, John. As a historian, I 283 00:16:29,380 --> 00:16:33,820 S3: was asked in 2006 by National Geographic to write a 284 00:16:33,820 --> 00:16:37,820 S3: book called The Biblical World, which describes the world of 285 00:16:37,980 --> 00:16:43,250 S3: the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament from its geographical, political, 286 00:16:43,290 --> 00:16:47,490 S3: social viewpoint. And I had the full services of the 287 00:16:47,490 --> 00:16:52,010 S3: cartography section of National Geographic. That book, The Biblical World, 288 00:16:52,050 --> 00:16:56,490 S3: became a worldwide bestseller. I don't know who was more surprised, 289 00:16:56,530 --> 00:17:00,090 S3: my editor or myself, but in any case, they printed 290 00:17:00,090 --> 00:17:02,810 S3: close to half a million copies of that book. It's 291 00:17:02,810 --> 00:17:06,490 S3: been translated in many languages, and since then I wrote 292 00:17:06,490 --> 00:17:10,090 S3: many other books for National Geographic about In the footsteps 293 00:17:10,090 --> 00:17:13,649 S3: of Jesus and so forth. So I've become very, very 294 00:17:13,930 --> 00:17:18,250 S3: obviously very familiar with the history of the Holy Land. But, 295 00:17:18,290 --> 00:17:21,450 S3: you know, John, my goal is always to make texts 296 00:17:21,450 --> 00:17:24,730 S3: like these accessible to the general reader. These are not 297 00:17:24,730 --> 00:17:28,850 S3: scholarly works. I mean, I write scholarly articles, but maybe 298 00:17:28,850 --> 00:17:31,489 S3: two guys and a dog will read those. It's the 299 00:17:31,490 --> 00:17:35,169 S3: right books for that. Everyone can enjoy that. A family 300 00:17:35,410 --> 00:17:40,120 S3: can gather around and browse through these beautiful illustrations and 301 00:17:40,160 --> 00:17:43,520 S3: and read the text and enrich their lives. And particularly 302 00:17:43,520 --> 00:17:46,960 S3: for Christians, it's it's so important for us to know 303 00:17:47,160 --> 00:17:50,840 S3: how the Holy Land shaped the stories of the Gospels 304 00:17:50,840 --> 00:17:53,640 S3: and everything that was to follow. So that's really my 305 00:17:53,640 --> 00:17:54,720 S3: target audience. 306 00:17:54,760 --> 00:17:57,040 S1: Our guest today on the land and the book is 307 00:17:57,080 --> 00:18:00,840 S1: Jean-Pierre Isbouts. He has co-authored Mapping the Holy Land An 308 00:18:00,840 --> 00:18:05,320 S1: Illustrated Atlas. When did the idea of including a sense 309 00:18:05,320 --> 00:18:08,440 S1: of distance, a scale, you know, one inch equals x 310 00:18:08,440 --> 00:18:11,520 S1: amount of meters or miles? What did that become commonplace? 311 00:18:11,960 --> 00:18:14,879 S3: That became commonplace in the Renaissance? So what you see 312 00:18:14,880 --> 00:18:17,760 S3: in the Renaissance are two things. You see, first of all, 313 00:18:17,800 --> 00:18:22,080 S3: the invention of the printing press, which is very, very important. 314 00:18:22,119 --> 00:18:27,320 S3: In fact, the Reformation could not have succeeded as it did, 315 00:18:27,520 --> 00:18:30,920 S3: were it not that the words of Martin Luther and 316 00:18:30,920 --> 00:18:35,800 S3: John Calvin were printed in booklets and spread rapidly throughout 317 00:18:35,800 --> 00:18:40,830 S3: the Empire, and second of all, nautical charts and nautical 318 00:18:40,830 --> 00:18:46,109 S3: measuring instruments were introduced in the 16th century, particularly developed 319 00:18:46,109 --> 00:18:50,750 S3: in Florence during the time of the Medicis, who ruled 320 00:18:50,750 --> 00:18:54,110 S3: Florence in the 16th and 17th centuries. And that's when 321 00:18:54,109 --> 00:18:59,350 S3: you see that the compass and other important instruments were developed, 322 00:18:59,390 --> 00:19:03,750 S3: which allowed people to measure these distances. And in fact, 323 00:19:03,750 --> 00:19:07,830 S3: the first maps that use these distances are the ones 324 00:19:07,830 --> 00:19:10,950 S3: from the 17th century, which we call the golden era 325 00:19:11,190 --> 00:19:15,070 S3: of cartography, when you can really see rhumb lines and 326 00:19:15,310 --> 00:19:20,990 S3: other ways of measuring the distance between these various territories, 327 00:19:20,990 --> 00:19:24,270 S3: which of course was very important. If you planned a journey, 328 00:19:24,310 --> 00:19:26,750 S3: you wanted to know how much food and water you 329 00:19:26,750 --> 00:19:29,590 S3: were supposed to bring along. So yeah, that's really an 330 00:19:29,590 --> 00:19:31,150 S3: invention of the Renaissance. 331 00:19:31,950 --> 00:19:34,790 S1: Have the ways that we use maps evolved over the 332 00:19:34,790 --> 00:19:39,209 S1: over the years with the increasing sophistication and accuracy, or no. 333 00:19:39,250 --> 00:19:41,450 S1: We've pretty much always used the maps the way we've 334 00:19:41,490 --> 00:19:42,290 S1: used maps. 335 00:19:42,770 --> 00:19:45,570 S3: Oh, no. No, John, you're absolutely right. It changed a lot. 336 00:19:45,609 --> 00:19:49,970 S3: I mean, as I said, first there were documents for trade. Then, 337 00:19:49,970 --> 00:19:52,890 S3: you see, in the wake of the Reformation, it is very, 338 00:19:52,890 --> 00:19:57,130 S3: very interesting, you see that Bibles are being printed now 339 00:19:57,130 --> 00:20:01,970 S3: with the printing press, and it is specifically Protestant Bibles, 340 00:20:02,010 --> 00:20:06,530 S3: not Catholic Bibles, but Protestant Bibles, who first of all 341 00:20:06,570 --> 00:20:12,050 S3: printed the Gospels in the vernacular, whatever local language you know, 342 00:20:12,090 --> 00:20:15,010 S3: you might find. And second of all, it is these 343 00:20:15,050 --> 00:20:20,210 S3: Protestant Bibles who begin to print maps with the text 344 00:20:20,250 --> 00:20:23,530 S3: of the Gospels and of the Old Testament, because they 345 00:20:23,570 --> 00:20:28,890 S3: were really keen that people understood the social and geographical 346 00:20:28,890 --> 00:20:32,850 S3: and the historical context of the stories. And one very 347 00:20:32,850 --> 00:20:37,479 S3: prominent feature of Protestant Bibles is the Exodus, and they 348 00:20:37,480 --> 00:20:42,320 S3: are countless maps, beautiful maps, hand-colored in many cases of 349 00:20:42,359 --> 00:20:45,240 S3: the route of the exodus from Egypt. Because just as 350 00:20:45,240 --> 00:20:49,640 S3: Moses led his people from Egypt into the Promised Land, 351 00:20:49,880 --> 00:20:53,439 S3: so did Martin Luther and John Calvin, and countless people 352 00:20:53,440 --> 00:20:58,399 S3: like them lead Christians away from the papacy into the 353 00:20:58,400 --> 00:21:00,680 S3: Promised Land. Or at least that was the view of 354 00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:05,639 S3: the Protestants. And then Catholic Bibles finally began to follow 355 00:21:05,680 --> 00:21:10,320 S3: that example. And so, you see, starting in the 18th century, 356 00:21:10,359 --> 00:21:15,560 S3: that Catholic Bibles begin to include maps and engravings of 357 00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:19,880 S3: the Second Temple and important locations where these events took 358 00:21:19,880 --> 00:21:23,239 S3: place as well. And then by the 19th century, a 359 00:21:23,240 --> 00:21:28,919 S3: total change, the Christian connotation of the maps of the 360 00:21:28,920 --> 00:21:32,400 S3: Holy Land, including the placement of the 12 tribes of 361 00:21:32,550 --> 00:21:36,710 S3: Israel sort of falls away, and now maps gain far 362 00:21:36,710 --> 00:21:40,990 S3: more political character. The geographers who created these are really 363 00:21:40,990 --> 00:21:46,390 S3: more interested in the political and the geographical features, because 364 00:21:46,430 --> 00:21:49,470 S3: guess what? This is the time of the construction of 365 00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:54,630 S3: the Suez Canal. And the British primarily were very concerned 366 00:21:55,070 --> 00:22:00,630 S3: that the surrounding territory, including what was then called Ottoman Palestine, 367 00:22:00,990 --> 00:22:04,870 S3: would be accessible to troops in the event of trouble. 368 00:22:05,230 --> 00:22:08,150 S3: And when they needed to protect the Suez Canal. And 369 00:22:08,150 --> 00:22:13,149 S3: those are the maps that General Allenby used as he 370 00:22:13,190 --> 00:22:18,710 S3: conquered Palestine and entered Jerusalem in 1917, near the end 371 00:22:18,710 --> 00:22:20,470 S3: of the World War one. And, of course, for the 372 00:22:20,470 --> 00:22:28,830 S3: rest of that period, until 1947, Palestine was British ruled territory. 373 00:22:28,869 --> 00:22:31,540 S3: And that gets us into the modern era. 374 00:22:32,060 --> 00:22:36,940 S1: Jean-Pierre Isbouts has co-authored Mapping the Holy Land An Illustrated Atlas. 375 00:22:36,980 --> 00:22:39,859 S1: He is a professor in the Social Sciences PhD program 376 00:22:39,859 --> 00:22:44,820 S1: of Fielding Graduate University in Santa Barbara, California, and an archaeologist, author, 377 00:22:44,820 --> 00:22:47,820 S1: a screenwriter, director and producer. Let me ask you, how 378 00:22:47,820 --> 00:22:50,100 S1: do you look at today's maps when you try to 379 00:22:50,100 --> 00:22:55,220 S1: process the Arab-Israeli conflict? Do those maps somehow influence that conflict? 380 00:22:55,420 --> 00:22:59,460 S3: Oh, absolutely. I mean, maps have become crucial. And in fact, John, 381 00:22:59,460 --> 00:23:02,060 S3: this is interesting because originally the book was supposed to 382 00:23:02,060 --> 00:23:06,180 S3: end in the 19th century, and then the October 7th 383 00:23:06,500 --> 00:23:10,939 S3: invasion of Israel by Hamas took place. And we placed 384 00:23:10,940 --> 00:23:14,020 S3: the call to our publisher, Apollo Publishers, and we said, 385 00:23:14,020 --> 00:23:16,260 S3: we need to end this book now. We can't just 386 00:23:16,260 --> 00:23:20,900 S3: stop in the 19th century because maps are so critical. Now, 387 00:23:21,020 --> 00:23:25,139 S3: as we decide, you know, how do Palestinians and Israelis 388 00:23:25,180 --> 00:23:29,060 S3: can live in peace together? And they agreed. They postponed 389 00:23:29,060 --> 00:23:31,609 S3: the release of the of the book. And so I 390 00:23:31,609 --> 00:23:35,690 S3: wrote a last chapter with Neil. Which brings us all 391 00:23:35,690 --> 00:23:39,689 S3: up to date on the situation, including Gaza in the 392 00:23:39,690 --> 00:23:42,690 S3: 21st century. And the most important thing is that we 393 00:23:42,690 --> 00:23:48,370 S3: include the map from 1947, when the United Nations. Agreed 394 00:23:48,410 --> 00:23:54,530 S3: by majority on the division of Palestine into a Jewish 395 00:23:54,530 --> 00:23:57,409 S3: state and an Arab state. This was the two state 396 00:23:57,410 --> 00:24:01,330 S3: solution that we're still talking about. And it was agreed 397 00:24:01,609 --> 00:24:04,690 S3: in 1947 that this would take place. And we have 398 00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:09,330 S3: that map in there and the Jewish Agency led by 399 00:24:09,369 --> 00:24:13,409 S3: David Ben-Gurion. They weren't terribly happy with the way the 400 00:24:13,410 --> 00:24:17,170 S3: division was made, but okay, they accepted it. And thus 401 00:24:17,170 --> 00:24:21,209 S3: the State of Israel was born. The Arab League, on 402 00:24:21,210 --> 00:24:24,770 S3: the other hand, did not agree, and as a result, 403 00:24:24,810 --> 00:24:28,609 S3: the Arab states invaded what was then the newborn state 404 00:24:28,800 --> 00:24:33,320 S3: of Israel really trying to push the Israelis into the 405 00:24:33,440 --> 00:24:36,720 S3: Mediterranean Sea. And of course, as we know, that war 406 00:24:36,720 --> 00:24:41,600 S3: was won by Israel. 60% of the land allotted to 407 00:24:41,880 --> 00:24:45,800 S3: the Arab territories were taken. And guess what? This is 408 00:24:45,800 --> 00:24:49,480 S3: something that most people don't realize. The West Bank and 409 00:24:49,480 --> 00:24:53,680 S3: Gaza were then not given to the Palestinian people, as 410 00:24:53,680 --> 00:24:57,640 S3: the United Nations had ruled. They were taken. They were annexed. 411 00:24:57,680 --> 00:25:01,520 S3: The West Bank was annexed by Jordan or Transjordan, as 412 00:25:01,520 --> 00:25:05,200 S3: it was called at the time, and Gaza was taken 413 00:25:05,200 --> 00:25:09,280 S3: as property by Egypt. And that's why the Palestinian people 414 00:25:09,320 --> 00:25:12,920 S3: never had a chance. And often people blame a lot 415 00:25:12,920 --> 00:25:15,400 S3: of people for the conflict. But it was really the 416 00:25:15,400 --> 00:25:19,159 S3: fact that the Arab states did not turn over the 417 00:25:19,160 --> 00:25:22,800 S3: West Bank and Gaza, which were the two remnants of 418 00:25:22,800 --> 00:25:26,600 S3: the Arab state decreed by the United Nations, back to 419 00:25:26,600 --> 00:25:29,750 S3: the To the Palestinians, they were taken. And that's really 420 00:25:29,750 --> 00:25:33,550 S3: the seed of all of the conflicts that have come 421 00:25:33,550 --> 00:25:34,310 S3: ever since. 422 00:25:34,750 --> 00:25:36,950 S1: Well, so much to learn, so much to look at 423 00:25:36,950 --> 00:25:39,629 S1: in this book, Mapping the Holy Land. We encourage you 424 00:25:39,630 --> 00:25:42,070 S1: to check it out. There's a link at our website. Jean-Pierre, 425 00:25:42,109 --> 00:25:45,429 S1: it's been a great conversation. I love your enthusiasm and 426 00:25:45,430 --> 00:25:46,550 S1: thanks for keeping it simple. 427 00:25:46,910 --> 00:25:48,750 S3: John, this is wonderful. Thanks for having me. 428 00:25:48,790 --> 00:25:51,150 S1: You betcha. Up next on the land and the book 429 00:25:51,190 --> 00:25:53,830 S1: A return to Your Bible questions. I'm looking forward to 430 00:25:53,830 --> 00:26:07,830 S1: the answers next. Right here. I'm not even sure it's 431 00:26:07,830 --> 00:26:10,670 S1: possible to open the Bible and read more than one 432 00:26:10,670 --> 00:26:13,429 S1: or 2 or 3 verses and not have a question 433 00:26:13,430 --> 00:26:15,990 S1: of some kind. I am John Gager. At least that's 434 00:26:15,990 --> 00:26:19,190 S1: my experience. Welcome back to segment three of The Land 435 00:26:19,190 --> 00:26:21,869 S1: and the book, and your questions are very much at 436 00:26:21,869 --> 00:26:23,790 S1: the front and center of what we're about to do. 437 00:26:23,950 --> 00:26:26,109 S1: They come to us via email. I'll share that email 438 00:26:26,220 --> 00:26:28,780 S1: address later on. First, though, a quick thought. What does 439 00:26:28,780 --> 00:26:33,020 S1: Passover mean for us as believers in Jesus? Some might 440 00:26:33,020 --> 00:26:35,340 S1: remember the story from the book of Exodus, but there's 441 00:26:35,340 --> 00:26:37,939 S1: so much more to it. For example, did you know 442 00:26:37,940 --> 00:26:41,420 S1: that the Last Supper was actually a Passover meal? Not 443 00:26:41,420 --> 00:26:45,220 S1: only did Jesus and his disciples celebrate Passover, it's also 444 00:26:45,220 --> 00:26:48,859 S1: foreshadowing his death on the cross for our redemption. Jewish 445 00:26:48,859 --> 00:26:52,220 S1: people have been observing the feast of Passover for thousands 446 00:26:52,220 --> 00:26:55,140 S1: of years, and understanding the history and importance of this 447 00:26:55,140 --> 00:26:57,780 S1: holiday will help you better connect with your Jewish friends 448 00:26:57,780 --> 00:27:00,500 S1: and neighbors. And what better way is there to learn 449 00:27:00,500 --> 00:27:05,060 S1: about Passover than to experience a Passover Seder yourself? If 450 00:27:05,060 --> 00:27:08,420 S1: you have never celebrated Passover. Well, our friends at Life 451 00:27:08,420 --> 00:27:11,540 S1: in Messiah would love to partner with you in hosting 452 00:27:11,540 --> 00:27:15,100 S1: a Seder experience. Every year, their staff engage churches and 453 00:27:15,100 --> 00:27:19,340 S1: small groups in an interactive Messiah in the Passover Seder, 454 00:27:19,540 --> 00:27:23,899 S1: allowing participants to taste and see the redemption story. So 455 00:27:23,900 --> 00:27:25,890 S1: if you're interested in interested in having somebody come lead 456 00:27:25,890 --> 00:27:30,090 S1: a Seder in your area, visit Life in Messiah and 457 00:27:30,090 --> 00:27:32,490 S1: click on the Moody Radio button there to learn more. Again, 458 00:27:32,490 --> 00:27:37,129 S1: that's life in Messiah with me in the studio, Doctor 459 00:27:37,130 --> 00:27:40,010 S1: Gerald Peterman of the Moody Bible Institute faculty. How's your 460 00:27:40,010 --> 00:27:40,810 S1: day going, sir? 461 00:27:40,850 --> 00:27:43,170 S4: Well, I've avoided frostbite, so I'm doing well. 462 00:27:44,130 --> 00:27:46,570 S1: All right, let's dig into our questions with this one 463 00:27:46,570 --> 00:27:50,290 S1: from Stan, who takes us to Exodus 2319. Where it 464 00:27:50,290 --> 00:27:53,850 S1: says the first of the first fruits of thy land. 465 00:27:53,890 --> 00:27:56,330 S1: Thou shalt bring into the house of the Lord thy God. 466 00:27:56,530 --> 00:27:59,650 S1: Thou shalt not see the a kid in his mother's milk. 467 00:27:59,890 --> 00:28:02,930 S1: And Exodus 3426 says, the first of the first fruits 468 00:28:02,930 --> 00:28:05,210 S1: of thy land, thou shalt bring it to the house 469 00:28:05,210 --> 00:28:07,729 S1: of the Lord thy God. Thou shalt not see the 470 00:28:07,730 --> 00:28:10,369 S1: kid in his mother's milk. All right. He wants to know. 471 00:28:10,410 --> 00:28:13,850 S1: Don't boil a kid in his mother's milk. Why did 472 00:28:13,850 --> 00:28:16,850 S1: God have Moses write this? Can your Jewish expertise help 473 00:28:16,850 --> 00:28:19,090 S1: me answer this? And I think it it might be 474 00:28:19,090 --> 00:28:22,570 S1: a way to avoid prions disease. Prions only comes from 475 00:28:22,570 --> 00:28:26,550 S1: eating infected meats. Is it possible that the DNA in 476 00:28:26,550 --> 00:28:29,669 S1: the mother and the baby could become infected, creating mad 477 00:28:29,670 --> 00:28:33,429 S1: cows disease or chronic wasting disease of deer? I know 478 00:28:33,430 --> 00:28:35,430 S1: this is getting complex, but I'd love to hear some 479 00:28:35,430 --> 00:28:37,110 S1: Jewish perspectives on this law. 480 00:28:37,150 --> 00:28:39,430 S4: Yeah, good. Well, the law against boiling a kid in 481 00:28:39,430 --> 00:28:42,070 S4: his mother's milk is in these two verses you mentioned, 482 00:28:42,110 --> 00:28:46,270 S4: and also one in Deuteronomy 14. Now, I've actually never 483 00:28:46,270 --> 00:28:50,350 S4: heard this about a theory about prions disease. And maybe God, 484 00:28:50,510 --> 00:28:54,070 S4: in his great wisdom and his omniscience, is giving this 485 00:28:54,070 --> 00:28:56,910 S4: as a health concern, but I doubt it. I think 486 00:28:56,910 --> 00:28:58,910 S4: the best way to understand these verses is that God 487 00:28:58,910 --> 00:29:02,510 S4: wants his people, and their sacrifices that they bring to 488 00:29:02,510 --> 00:29:06,229 S4: be holy, to be set apart for him, and to 489 00:29:06,270 --> 00:29:10,469 S4: be different from the pagan religious practices around them, because 490 00:29:10,470 --> 00:29:12,950 S4: all around them in the land of Israel would be 491 00:29:13,190 --> 00:29:16,430 S4: all worship and all sorts of corrupt worship. This difference, 492 00:29:16,430 --> 00:29:20,590 S4: indeed this holiness, is implied in the Deuteronomy passage about this, 493 00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:24,220 S4: which says, you shall not eat anything that has died naturally. 494 00:29:24,220 --> 00:29:26,540 S4: You may give it to the sojourners within your towns, 495 00:29:26,540 --> 00:29:28,220 S4: that he may eat it, or you may sell it 496 00:29:28,220 --> 00:29:32,340 S4: to a foreigner. For you are a people holy to 497 00:29:32,340 --> 00:29:35,020 S4: the Lord your God. You shall not boil a goat 498 00:29:35,020 --> 00:29:37,140 S4: in its mother's milk. So I think the practice is 499 00:29:37,140 --> 00:29:40,540 S4: forbidden because it's a pagan practice which God forbids for 500 00:29:40,540 --> 00:29:41,180 S4: his people. 501 00:29:41,220 --> 00:29:44,900 S1: Okay. Great answer. Hope that's helpful. There, Stan. Aaron says, 502 00:29:44,900 --> 00:29:49,020 S1: is the Euphrates River mentioned in Genesis two before the flood? 503 00:29:49,180 --> 00:29:52,340 S1: The same river mentioned in revelation? I thought the flood 504 00:29:52,340 --> 00:29:55,420 S1: changed the earth so dramatically that features like rivers would 505 00:29:55,420 --> 00:29:57,580 S1: have been completely changed or destroyed. 506 00:29:57,980 --> 00:30:01,020 S4: Yeah, I appreciate that. Certainly. When the flood came, it 507 00:30:01,020 --> 00:30:03,580 S4: caused all sorts of changes. But but of course, we 508 00:30:03,580 --> 00:30:07,060 S4: can't know exactly what those changes were. So I think 509 00:30:07,060 --> 00:30:10,540 S4: the short answer is yes, we're dealing with the same 510 00:30:10,540 --> 00:30:15,300 S4: river later in Genesis. Genesis 15, God makes a covenant 511 00:30:15,780 --> 00:30:19,500 S4: about the promised Land to Abraham, with the river Euphrates 512 00:30:19,540 --> 00:30:22,170 S4: as its eastern border. So here we're, you know, after 513 00:30:22,170 --> 00:30:24,850 S4: the flood and the Euphrates River is there as a border. 514 00:30:24,850 --> 00:30:28,410 S4: And then later, centuries later with Solomon, the Euphrates is 515 00:30:28,410 --> 00:30:32,410 S4: not just the promised border, but the actual geographic border 516 00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:34,890 S4: of the kingdom. So I take it the short answer 517 00:30:34,890 --> 00:30:37,770 S4: is yes. The river in revelation and the river in 518 00:30:37,770 --> 00:30:39,370 S4: Genesis are the same river. 519 00:30:39,730 --> 00:30:41,970 S1: You're listening to the land and the book with Doctor 520 00:30:41,970 --> 00:30:45,850 S1: Gerald Peterman answering questions. I'm John Gieger. Yours is welcome 521 00:30:45,850 --> 00:30:50,410 S1: at the land and the book at. Pat says, I 522 00:30:50,410 --> 00:30:52,330 S1: recently read a book that had a chapter or two 523 00:30:52,370 --> 00:30:55,890 S1: on the different genealogies, two of them given for Jesus 524 00:30:55,890 --> 00:30:58,770 S1: in Matthew one. And then in Luke three. The author 525 00:30:58,770 --> 00:31:02,370 S1: gave his explanation for them both about Jeconiah being cursed 526 00:31:02,370 --> 00:31:05,370 S1: so he'd be childless, and then being listed as the 527 00:31:05,370 --> 00:31:09,490 S1: father of Shealtiel and the two different fathers listed for Joseph. Now, 528 00:31:09,490 --> 00:31:11,530 S1: I've looked at several other books since then and each 529 00:31:11,530 --> 00:31:14,370 S1: one has a different opinion. Can you help me untangle this? 530 00:31:14,410 --> 00:31:17,010 S4: Well, I hope so. First, in the ancient world, we 531 00:31:17,010 --> 00:31:19,370 S4: have to keep in mind that genealogies are serving a 532 00:31:19,370 --> 00:31:22,120 S4: serving a purpose that it's kind of unusual for us. 533 00:31:22,440 --> 00:31:26,400 S4: So Matthew has 41 names and Luke has 57 names, 534 00:31:26,400 --> 00:31:29,520 S4: so they're obviously doing something a little bit different. As 535 00:31:29,560 --> 00:31:34,480 S4: for Jeconiah, he's also known as Konia and sometimes known 536 00:31:34,480 --> 00:31:38,920 S4: as Jehoiachin. Was he childless? In the typical sense that 537 00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:42,400 S4: we think about it, let's go to Jeremiah 22 and 538 00:31:42,400 --> 00:31:45,480 S4: we're going to start at verse 28. Quote. Is this 539 00:31:45,480 --> 00:31:49,520 S4: man konia a despised broken pot, a vessel no one 540 00:31:49,520 --> 00:31:54,640 S4: cares for? Why are he and his children hurled and 541 00:31:54,640 --> 00:31:57,760 S4: cast into the land? They do not know. Oh, land, land! 542 00:31:57,760 --> 00:32:00,560 S4: Hear the word of the Lord. Thus says the Lord God, 543 00:32:00,560 --> 00:32:04,640 S4: write this man down as childless, a man who will 544 00:32:04,640 --> 00:32:08,160 S4: not succeed in his days, for none of his offspring 545 00:32:08,280 --> 00:32:12,640 S4: will sit upon the throne. So Jeconiah is not actually childless, 546 00:32:12,640 --> 00:32:15,520 S4: just childless in the sense of the kingdom does not 547 00:32:15,520 --> 00:32:17,040 S4: keep going through him. 548 00:32:17,080 --> 00:32:20,430 S1: Okay. Important distinction. Thank you for that. Judy wants to 549 00:32:20,430 --> 00:32:23,229 S1: know when Jesus was 12 years old, the religious teachers 550 00:32:23,230 --> 00:32:27,030 S1: were amazed at all he knew and taught. My question 551 00:32:27,070 --> 00:32:30,590 S1: were these the same religious leaders who wanted him crucified? 552 00:32:30,630 --> 00:32:32,630 S1: 18 years later, this. 553 00:32:32,630 --> 00:32:34,830 S4: Question really made me think and I just love that. 554 00:32:35,190 --> 00:32:38,030 S4: So thanks so much for the question. The time when 555 00:32:38,030 --> 00:32:42,310 S4: Jesus at 12 years old was astonishing. The religious leaders. 556 00:32:42,310 --> 00:32:46,070 S4: That's Luke two. So the short answer is we really 557 00:32:46,070 --> 00:32:49,270 S4: can't know exactly whether the leaders then are the same 558 00:32:49,270 --> 00:32:52,230 S4: ones at the time of his crucifixion, because that's, as 559 00:32:52,230 --> 00:32:55,510 S4: you mentioned, 18 years later. But I suspect there was 560 00:32:55,510 --> 00:32:59,030 S4: a lot of overlap when our Lord was 12. Perhaps 561 00:32:59,030 --> 00:33:01,990 S4: the religious leaders were in their 40s or 50 or 60, 562 00:33:02,230 --> 00:33:05,030 S4: so perhaps a number of them have died, but perhaps 563 00:33:05,030 --> 00:33:07,550 S4: a number of them are still alive when we come 564 00:33:07,710 --> 00:33:11,030 S4: to how they treat him horribly several years later, let's 565 00:33:11,030 --> 00:33:14,710 S4: look at a slightly different example. You recall the triumphal 566 00:33:14,710 --> 00:33:18,780 S4: entry in Luke 19. Yes, Jesus is coming in and 567 00:33:18,780 --> 00:33:21,660 S4: the crowd is praising him and the crowd is joyful 568 00:33:21,660 --> 00:33:23,980 S4: and they're calling him King of Israel. And then one 569 00:33:23,980 --> 00:33:28,060 S4: week later, the crowd shouts for his crucifixion. So I 570 00:33:28,060 --> 00:33:30,380 S4: think part of this question is, how can there be 571 00:33:30,380 --> 00:33:33,460 S4: such a radical change over the course of maybe even 572 00:33:33,460 --> 00:33:35,780 S4: a week, or just a few years? Well, there are 573 00:33:35,780 --> 00:33:37,500 S4: several examples of that in Scripture. 574 00:33:38,100 --> 00:33:41,340 S1: Marvin asks, do we know how many years there were 575 00:33:41,340 --> 00:33:44,820 S1: between Noah and Abraham? What are we to make of 576 00:33:44,820 --> 00:33:47,540 S1: the gaps that are apparently there? How do we account 577 00:33:47,580 --> 00:33:50,220 S1: on a larger scale for China, for example, with a 578 00:33:50,220 --> 00:33:53,900 S1: 5000 year history? How does this fit in? Or are 579 00:33:54,060 --> 00:33:56,980 S1: these people just wrong? Do they not allow for more time? 580 00:33:56,980 --> 00:33:58,900 S1: Do you know of any good book that matches Bible 581 00:33:58,900 --> 00:34:01,940 S1: history to world history? Some people say the Bible isn't 582 00:34:01,940 --> 00:34:06,380 S1: true because it doesn't fit historical data. Maybe non-Christian historians 583 00:34:06,380 --> 00:34:08,540 S1: data is not accurate. Your thoughts? 584 00:34:09,020 --> 00:34:14,140 S4: Well, according to Genesis seven, Noah is 600 years old 585 00:34:14,180 --> 00:34:16,690 S4: at the time of the flood. Blood. And then in 586 00:34:16,690 --> 00:34:21,410 S4: Genesis 929, we find that he lived 350 years after 587 00:34:21,410 --> 00:34:24,569 S4: the flood. Then if we go to Genesis 11 and 588 00:34:24,570 --> 00:34:27,370 S4: we follow the list of descendants, we find that Abraham 589 00:34:27,370 --> 00:34:32,210 S4: was born 292 years after the flood. So in other words, 590 00:34:32,370 --> 00:34:36,489 S4: their lives overlapped a little bit. As for China's 5000 591 00:34:36,489 --> 00:34:39,410 S4: year history, that's not a problem. The Bible doesn't tell 592 00:34:39,410 --> 00:34:41,970 S4: us the history of all people groups. It focuses on 593 00:34:41,969 --> 00:34:45,009 S4: the people of God. But if we look at biblical history, 594 00:34:45,290 --> 00:34:49,609 S4: and with 2000 years since the life of Christ, then 595 00:34:49,610 --> 00:34:52,210 S4: all of biblical history comes out to be 6000 years. 596 00:34:52,210 --> 00:34:56,090 S4: So 5000 years of Chinese history is not a problem. Lastly, 597 00:34:56,130 --> 00:34:59,610 S4: a good book. Yes, there is one by Doctor Stephen 598 00:34:59,610 --> 00:35:04,930 S4: Leston the Bible in World History How History and Scripture intersect. 599 00:35:05,170 --> 00:35:06,370 S4: From 2011. 600 00:35:06,370 --> 00:35:09,690 S1: All right. Interesting question. And I appreciate that resource that 601 00:35:09,690 --> 00:35:11,850 S1: you were able to provide. Here's a question from Ken, 602 00:35:11,850 --> 00:35:14,710 S1: who takes us to Genesis 219. Got a lot of 603 00:35:14,710 --> 00:35:18,149 S1: Genesis type questions today. Verse 19 of chapter two says 604 00:35:18,150 --> 00:35:21,230 S1: that out of the ground God created the fowls of 605 00:35:21,230 --> 00:35:23,629 S1: the air and the beasts of the field. So were 606 00:35:23,630 --> 00:35:25,910 S1: the sea creatures created out of nothing. 607 00:35:26,430 --> 00:35:28,630 S4: That's a great question, Ken. I'm sorry. I don't know 608 00:35:28,630 --> 00:35:32,629 S4: the answer. We're not told exactly. But we see that 609 00:35:32,630 --> 00:35:35,750 S4: God can create out of nothing, and he can create 610 00:35:35,790 --> 00:35:39,109 S4: using something that he's previously made. So we come to 611 00:35:39,110 --> 00:35:42,830 S4: Genesis 124. What do we find? God said, let the 612 00:35:42,830 --> 00:35:45,870 S4: earth bring forth living creatures. This is similar to Genesis 613 00:35:45,870 --> 00:35:49,870 S4: 120 And God said, let the waters swarm with swarms 614 00:35:49,870 --> 00:35:54,190 S4: of living creatures. So the commonality is God creates by 615 00:35:54,190 --> 00:35:56,230 S4: his powerful command. 616 00:35:56,390 --> 00:35:58,629 S1: Well, thank you, Jerry. And, you know, we have covered 617 00:35:58,630 --> 00:36:00,989 S1: a lot of ground today, as we always do. And 618 00:36:00,989 --> 00:36:04,070 S1: maybe you'd like to join this conversation with a question 619 00:36:04,070 --> 00:36:06,950 S1: of your own. You're welcome to do that any old time. 620 00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:09,509 S1: You can just email us at The Land and the 621 00:36:09,550 --> 00:36:14,020 S1: book at. That's a mouthful. Let me slow it down. 622 00:36:14,340 --> 00:36:19,859 S1: The land and the book at Moody's. You may well 623 00:36:19,900 --> 00:36:22,540 S1: know that we've got a podcast at our website for 624 00:36:22,540 --> 00:36:24,779 S1: you to take advantage of that if you're not already. 625 00:36:25,020 --> 00:36:27,140 S1: More importantly, we'd love for you to share us with 626 00:36:27,140 --> 00:36:30,420 S1: a friend. You know, there's no advertising budget here, and 627 00:36:30,420 --> 00:36:32,739 S1: you're letting somebody else know about the podcast is a 628 00:36:32,739 --> 00:36:35,700 S1: great endorsement and we'd appreciate you doing that. Again, you'll 629 00:36:35,700 --> 00:36:40,100 S1: find the podcast at The Land and the book.org. Charlie 630 00:36:40,100 --> 00:36:42,420 S1: Dyer's devotional is coming up next here on the land 631 00:36:42,420 --> 00:36:57,779 S1: and the book. Hope you stick around. We're sure glad 632 00:36:57,780 --> 00:36:59,939 S1: for your company today at the Land and the book. 633 00:36:59,980 --> 00:37:02,540 S1: You've got lots of choices and you're spending time with 634 00:37:02,540 --> 00:37:05,900 S1: us and we say thank you. In a recent visit 635 00:37:05,900 --> 00:37:09,540 S1: out to the Boston area, I remember visiting the bridge 636 00:37:09,820 --> 00:37:11,810 S1: from which the shot that was heard around the around 637 00:37:11,810 --> 00:37:14,610 S1: the world was fired the start of the American Revolution. 638 00:37:14,610 --> 00:37:17,210 S1: There's a a statue there. And there was an inscription 639 00:37:17,210 --> 00:37:19,850 S1: on that statue I read, and boy, it really, really 640 00:37:19,850 --> 00:37:22,450 S1: kind of tugged at my heart. But Charlie, your devotional 641 00:37:22,450 --> 00:37:25,210 S1: is about an inscription of a different type. Is that right? 642 00:37:25,250 --> 00:37:27,730 S2: It is. It's one that goes back much earlier in 643 00:37:27,730 --> 00:37:30,450 S2: time and I think is incredibly relevant for those of 644 00:37:30,450 --> 00:37:31,450 S2: us who love the Bible. 645 00:37:31,450 --> 00:37:33,250 S1: We're looking forward to your devotional, which we're going to 646 00:37:33,250 --> 00:37:35,969 S1: get to after this Holy Land experience. Listen. 647 00:37:40,130 --> 00:37:43,009 S5: Hi. I'm fearless and I cherish this Holy Land experience 648 00:37:43,010 --> 00:37:46,730 S5: because it confirms that everything in Scripture makes sense down 649 00:37:46,730 --> 00:37:49,410 S5: to the smallest detail. Doctor Dyer took us up to 650 00:37:49,450 --> 00:37:51,770 S5: the top of Mount Carmel, where Elijah and our Lord 651 00:37:51,810 --> 00:37:54,530 S5: took care of the priests of Baal. And then Scripture 652 00:37:54,530 --> 00:37:58,210 S5: reports that Elijah scampered down the mountain and beat Ahab home. 653 00:37:58,730 --> 00:38:01,169 S5: How can that happen? Seeing the terrain, I could very 654 00:38:01,170 --> 00:38:05,170 S5: well understand. I could probably do it myself. We visited Engedi, 655 00:38:05,210 --> 00:38:09,690 S5: where Saul and his thousands of troops chased after David 656 00:38:09,690 --> 00:38:12,719 S5: for months and months. And you think he should be 657 00:38:12,719 --> 00:38:14,719 S5: able to find David? But I saw the holes in 658 00:38:14,719 --> 00:38:17,359 S5: the rocks and the cracks and the ruggedness of the terrain, 659 00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:20,880 S5: and it all made sense. And then just yesterday, I 660 00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:24,719 S5: believe we visited Ayla Valley and stopped at this inconsequential 661 00:38:24,719 --> 00:38:30,239 S5: and very inconvenient place. And Doctor Dyer read scripture and 662 00:38:30,239 --> 00:38:32,799 S5: painted the picture of how the Philistine army came up 663 00:38:32,800 --> 00:38:35,040 S5: from the sea and covered the hills on one side 664 00:38:35,040 --> 00:38:38,880 S5: of the valley. And Saul and the troops were protecting 665 00:38:38,880 --> 00:38:44,240 S5: the road leading to Bethlehem and Jerusalem. And how David 666 00:38:44,239 --> 00:38:47,080 S5: walked into the brook and picked up his five smooth stones. 667 00:38:47,080 --> 00:38:50,359 S5: And the brook still has an adequate number of smooth stones. 668 00:38:52,360 --> 00:38:57,480 S1: All right, Charlie, take us to your continuing series, 11 inscriptions. 669 00:38:57,640 --> 00:39:00,359 S2: Yeah. And today we're beginning this multi-part series, which I'm 670 00:39:00,360 --> 00:39:04,000 S2: calling 11 inscriptions to the Bible. We'll be exploring 11 671 00:39:04,000 --> 00:39:08,360 S2: archaeological finds, written inscriptions that have given us new insight 672 00:39:08,360 --> 00:39:11,870 S2: into our understanding of God's Word. So lace up your boots, 673 00:39:11,910 --> 00:39:15,670 S2: grab your shovel. Don't forget your Indiana Jones fedora. Today's 674 00:39:15,670 --> 00:39:18,950 S2: journey takes us to the plaza just outside the main 675 00:39:18,950 --> 00:39:22,109 S2: gate of the ancient city of Dan. As we walk 676 00:39:22,110 --> 00:39:23,549 S2: up to the gate, I have so many things I 677 00:39:23,550 --> 00:39:26,790 S2: want to show you. For example, notice how we came 678 00:39:26,790 --> 00:39:29,029 S2: through the outer gate into the courtyard, and you were 679 00:39:29,030 --> 00:39:32,750 S2: forced to turn to the left before reaching the inner gate. Now, 680 00:39:32,750 --> 00:39:35,910 S2: how many of you listening are right handed? Well, you 681 00:39:35,910 --> 00:39:39,230 S2: just died. And think about it. Right handed warriors carry 682 00:39:39,230 --> 00:39:41,549 S2: their sword in their right hand and their shield in 683 00:39:41,550 --> 00:39:44,509 S2: their left. As you came in the gate and turned left, 684 00:39:44,550 --> 00:39:47,870 S2: your shield is on the wrong side. It won't protect 685 00:39:47,870 --> 00:39:50,109 S2: you from the archers shooting down at you from the 686 00:39:50,110 --> 00:39:54,270 S2: wall inside. No wonder the Bible singled out left handed warriors. 687 00:39:54,750 --> 00:39:56,830 S2: And before we turn around, take note of the small 688 00:39:56,830 --> 00:40:00,430 S2: platform here in this inner courtyard. This was the spot 689 00:40:00,430 --> 00:40:03,469 S2: where the local governor would sit to judge. We read 690 00:40:03,469 --> 00:40:05,790 S2: in the Bible about the elders sitting in the gates, 691 00:40:05,790 --> 00:40:09,140 S2: and about the kings setting up their thrones in the gate. Well, 692 00:40:09,180 --> 00:40:12,820 S2: here's a real life example. This courtyard was the courthouse 693 00:40:12,820 --> 00:40:15,900 S2: for the ancient city of Dan. Now follow me back 694 00:40:15,900 --> 00:40:19,100 S2: outside the gate. As you can see, the archaeologists also 695 00:40:19,100 --> 00:40:22,140 S2: excavated out here in this broad plaza. And this is 696 00:40:22,140 --> 00:40:25,580 S2: where the first inscription in our series was uncovered. As 697 00:40:25,580 --> 00:40:28,660 S2: the archaeologists were digging, they found a small fragment of 698 00:40:28,660 --> 00:40:30,900 S2: a monumental pillar that had been set up in this 699 00:40:30,900 --> 00:40:34,339 S2: courtyard area. And then another piece was discovered and another. 700 00:40:34,620 --> 00:40:37,419 S2: What was even more amazing was the fact that there 701 00:40:37,420 --> 00:40:40,819 S2: was writing on this pillar commemorating a military victory by 702 00:40:40,820 --> 00:40:44,180 S2: one of Israel's enemies. But later the pillar was smashed 703 00:40:44,180 --> 00:40:47,500 S2: and buried, most likely by the Israelites when they retook 704 00:40:47,500 --> 00:40:50,580 S2: the city. The inscription was written by a king who 705 00:40:50,580 --> 00:40:54,380 S2: worshiped the god Hadad. Hadad was another name for Baal, 706 00:40:54,380 --> 00:40:57,940 S2: but more importantly it was the chief god of Aram, 707 00:40:57,980 --> 00:41:01,060 S2: modern day Syria, and the king of Aram, who ruled 708 00:41:01,060 --> 00:41:05,180 S2: in Damascus, was known as the son of Hadad Ben Hadad. 709 00:41:05,460 --> 00:41:08,290 S2: This inscription was Was placed at the city of Dan 710 00:41:08,330 --> 00:41:11,930 S2: by one of Syria's kings. But which one and when 711 00:41:11,930 --> 00:41:15,250 S2: was it written? In the inscription, the king names two 712 00:41:15,250 --> 00:41:17,810 S2: of his enemies, though parts of the names are missing 713 00:41:17,810 --> 00:41:20,890 S2: enough remains to fill in the blanks. Here's the boast 714 00:41:20,890 --> 00:41:24,489 S2: made by the king of Syria I killed Joram, son 715 00:41:24,489 --> 00:41:27,930 S2: of Ahab, King of Israel, and I killed Ahaziah, son 716 00:41:27,930 --> 00:41:31,209 S2: of Jehoram, king of the house of David. And with 717 00:41:31,210 --> 00:41:35,089 S2: that statement were taken to a very specific, tumultuous period 718 00:41:35,090 --> 00:41:37,570 S2: in the history of the kingdoms of Israel and Judah. 719 00:41:38,090 --> 00:41:40,810 S2: Ahab and his wife Jezebel are two of the most 720 00:41:40,810 --> 00:41:44,250 S2: evil individuals in the Bible. They made Baal the official 721 00:41:44,250 --> 00:41:47,130 S2: god of the northern kingdom of Israel, and by giving 722 00:41:47,130 --> 00:41:49,810 S2: their daughter in marriage to the king of Judah, they 723 00:41:49,810 --> 00:41:53,530 S2: exported Baal worship to that kingdom as well. The Bible 724 00:41:53,530 --> 00:41:56,969 S2: says King Ahaziah of Judah walked in the ways of 725 00:41:56,969 --> 00:41:59,850 S2: the house of Ahab. The king of Israel and the 726 00:41:59,850 --> 00:42:02,770 S2: king of Judah were not only united in marriage, they 727 00:42:02,770 --> 00:42:06,120 S2: also shared a commitment to follow the god Baal. And 728 00:42:06,120 --> 00:42:09,040 S2: that's when the true God of Israel called for a change. 729 00:42:09,400 --> 00:42:11,640 S2: The two kings of Israel and Judah went to fight 730 00:42:11,640 --> 00:42:14,520 S2: against the king of Syria at Ramoth Gilead on the 731 00:42:14,560 --> 00:42:18,120 S2: Golan Heights. And the Bible tells us that the Arameans 732 00:42:18,120 --> 00:42:21,279 S2: wounded Joram, the king of Israel. So Joram returned to 733 00:42:21,280 --> 00:42:24,480 S2: Jezreel to recover from the wounds. And King Hezekiah of 734 00:42:24,480 --> 00:42:28,399 S2: Judah also went to Jezreel to see Joram. Picture the 735 00:42:28,400 --> 00:42:31,400 S2: scene in the camp of the Syrians. An officer rushes 736 00:42:31,400 --> 00:42:34,160 S2: into the tent of the king. Your Majesty, we just 737 00:42:34,160 --> 00:42:36,799 S2: got this report from the front. Our archers hit the 738 00:42:36,800 --> 00:42:40,080 S2: King of Israel. We saw him slumped down in the chariot, 739 00:42:40,080 --> 00:42:43,359 S2: which then raced from the battlefield. We're not certain, but 740 00:42:43,360 --> 00:42:46,520 S2: we believe we might have killed him. The king then asks, 741 00:42:46,520 --> 00:42:49,120 S2: and what about his ally, the King of Judah? We're 742 00:42:49,120 --> 00:42:51,600 S2: not sure. It's possible. He was also hit in that 743 00:42:51,600 --> 00:42:54,600 S2: volley of arrows and taken from the field. His chariot 744 00:42:54,640 --> 00:42:58,040 S2: is nowhere to be seen. In the confusion of battle, 745 00:42:58,040 --> 00:43:01,600 S2: one king is definitely wounded and another goes missing. The 746 00:43:01,600 --> 00:43:03,839 S2: reports are sketchy, but it bodes well for the King 747 00:43:03,840 --> 00:43:06,739 S2: of Syria, and the news only seems to get better. 748 00:43:06,940 --> 00:43:10,420 S2: The military commander of Israel's forces, a man named Jehu, 749 00:43:10,460 --> 00:43:14,460 S2: is seen leaving the battlefield and driving his chariot furiously 750 00:43:14,500 --> 00:43:17,980 S2: across the Jordan Valley, back toward the city of Jezreel. 751 00:43:18,500 --> 00:43:20,940 S2: The king of Syria doesn't know what's taking place, but 752 00:43:20,940 --> 00:43:24,940 S2: with the opposing kings possibly killed and the general racing away, 753 00:43:24,980 --> 00:43:27,660 S2: he's quick to press the battle. In fact, the Bible 754 00:43:27,660 --> 00:43:31,939 S2: reports that Haziel overpowered the Israelites throughout their territory east 755 00:43:31,940 --> 00:43:34,900 S2: of the Jordan, in all the land of Gilead. And 756 00:43:34,900 --> 00:43:36,899 S2: this is also when he must have captured the city 757 00:43:36,900 --> 00:43:39,940 S2: of Dan. The Bible tells us what really happened to 758 00:43:39,940 --> 00:43:42,580 S2: the kings of Israel and Judah. They were killed by 759 00:43:42,580 --> 00:43:45,819 S2: Jehu when he reached the city of Jezreel, not by 760 00:43:45,820 --> 00:43:48,460 S2: the King of Syria, but since the king of Syria 761 00:43:48,460 --> 00:43:50,980 S2: knew his archers had wounded the King of Israel, he 762 00:43:50,980 --> 00:43:53,380 S2: claimed the credit when he heard the king was dead. 763 00:43:53,739 --> 00:43:57,940 S2: We know exactly when this all took place. 841 BC. 764 00:43:58,380 --> 00:44:01,219 S2: And once we understand the historical background, we can now 765 00:44:01,219 --> 00:44:04,930 S2: see how the inscription and the Bible fit hand in glove, 766 00:44:05,090 --> 00:44:08,650 S2: each helping us better understand what was really happening at 767 00:44:08,650 --> 00:44:11,930 S2: the time. But here's the real significance of the inscription. 768 00:44:12,250 --> 00:44:14,890 S2: In it, the ruler over the kingdom of Judah was 769 00:44:14,890 --> 00:44:18,410 S2: called the King of the House of David. Now, why 770 00:44:18,410 --> 00:44:22,250 S2: is that important? Well, many have claimed that David never existed, 771 00:44:22,290 --> 00:44:25,290 S2: that he was a mythological ruler invented much later in 772 00:44:25,290 --> 00:44:29,129 S2: Israel's history. According to the Bible's account, David died in 773 00:44:29,130 --> 00:44:33,530 S2: 970 B.C. here, just over a century after his death, 774 00:44:33,690 --> 00:44:37,689 S2: is an inscription clearly identifying the rulers of Judah as 775 00:44:37,690 --> 00:44:41,530 S2: descendants of the House of David. This inscription might very 776 00:44:41,530 --> 00:44:45,489 S2: well be the original MythBusters. By showing the accuracy and 777 00:44:45,489 --> 00:44:48,690 S2: historicity of the Bible and the silliness of the idea 778 00:44:48,690 --> 00:44:52,170 S2: that David was just a myth, it's even more significant 779 00:44:52,170 --> 00:44:55,009 S2: in light of God's words to David in second Samuel seven. 780 00:44:55,290 --> 00:44:57,890 S2: David wanted to build a house for God, but God 781 00:44:57,890 --> 00:45:00,529 S2: didn't allow him to do so. However, just a few 782 00:45:00,530 --> 00:45:04,560 S2: verses later, God uses the same expression to describe the 783 00:45:04,560 --> 00:45:07,880 S2: dynasty he would give to David. The Lord will establish 784 00:45:07,880 --> 00:45:10,759 S2: a house for you. Your house and your kingdom will 785 00:45:10,760 --> 00:45:14,440 S2: endure forever before me. The inscription found at Tel Dan 786 00:45:14,440 --> 00:45:17,239 S2: mentions the name of the King of Israel, but it 787 00:45:17,239 --> 00:45:20,560 S2: then identifies Judah's king as the king from the house 788 00:45:20,719 --> 00:45:24,279 S2: or dynasty of David. But what does any of this 789 00:45:24,280 --> 00:45:26,640 S2: have to do with us today? Let me end with 790 00:45:26,680 --> 00:45:31,239 S2: two quick thoughts. First, the more archaeologists uncover, the more 791 00:45:31,239 --> 00:45:34,080 S2: reliable the Bible is shown to be. The House of 792 00:45:34,080 --> 00:45:37,759 S2: David inscription is just one more example showing you can 793 00:45:37,760 --> 00:45:41,560 S2: trust the Bible. And second, this inscription also reminds us 794 00:45:41,560 --> 00:45:43,839 S2: that the Bible is accurate when it says there are 795 00:45:43,840 --> 00:45:47,520 S2: consequences for actions. Two kings chose to turn away from 796 00:45:47,520 --> 00:45:50,680 S2: God and God judged them for it. We not only 797 00:45:50,680 --> 00:45:53,480 S2: can trust the Bible, we also need to listen carefully 798 00:45:53,480 --> 00:45:57,200 S2: to what it says and live our lives accordingly. Now, 799 00:45:57,200 --> 00:45:59,840 S2: as I go through this series, I'll also post photos 800 00:45:59,840 --> 00:46:03,110 S2: of these fines on our land in the book Facebook page. 801 00:46:03,270 --> 00:46:05,950 S2: So take some time to go to Facebook, explore the 802 00:46:05,950 --> 00:46:08,990 S2: site and see what these discoveries look like up close 803 00:46:08,989 --> 00:46:09,870 S2: and personal. 804 00:46:10,150 --> 00:46:12,549 S1: Thank you Charlie. The first in your new series on 805 00:46:12,550 --> 00:46:16,310 S1: biblical inscriptions. I'm looking forward to more. And if you've 806 00:46:16,310 --> 00:46:18,350 S1: not been to our website lately, we do encourage you 807 00:46:18,350 --> 00:46:20,870 S1: to give it a visit. We're found at The Land 808 00:46:20,870 --> 00:46:25,310 S1: and the book. That's the land and the book. Org. 809 00:46:25,510 --> 00:46:30,030 S1: You can find information about today's guest, past guest, future programs, books, 810 00:46:30,030 --> 00:46:32,630 S1: Charlie's written, and a whole lot more. That's the land 811 00:46:32,630 --> 00:46:36,989 S1: and the book. Sure appreciate having you with us today, 812 00:46:36,989 --> 00:46:38,469 S1: and I hope you'll share us with a friend. Let 813 00:46:38,469 --> 00:46:40,870 S1: them know how they can listen, either on this station 814 00:46:40,870 --> 00:46:44,110 S1: or by our podcast at The Land and the book 815 00:46:45,830 --> 00:46:48,790 S1: for our producer, Dan Anderson, our host, Charlie Dyer. I'm 816 00:46:48,790 --> 00:46:51,469 S1: John Gallagher and the land and the book is a 817 00:46:51,469 --> 00:46:54,990 S1: production of Moody Radio, a ministry of Moody Bible Institute.