1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,400 S1: Hi friends, this is Janet Parshall. Thanks so much for 2 00:00:02,400 --> 00:00:05,160 S1: downloading this podcast, and I hope you hear something that 3 00:00:05,160 --> 00:00:07,560 S1: will really encourage and edify you. But before you start 4 00:00:07,560 --> 00:00:09,400 S1: to listen, let me take a moment of your time 5 00:00:09,400 --> 00:00:11,399 S1: and tell you about this month's truth tool. It's called 6 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:14,640 S1: secure How to Have a Healthy Attachment to God. And 7 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:17,360 S1: it follows that very often, whatever our relationship is like 8 00:00:17,360 --> 00:00:21,000 S1: with authority figures, predominantly our parents, we somehow transferred to 9 00:00:21,040 --> 00:00:23,000 S1: how we see God. So if we have an angry parent, 10 00:00:23,040 --> 00:00:25,319 S1: he's an angry God. If it's a distant parent, he's 11 00:00:25,320 --> 00:00:27,520 S1: a God who's not there. I think it's important we 12 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:30,680 S1: understand who God really is. And in this wonderful book 13 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:33,760 S1: called secure, you're going to discover the character of God 14 00:00:33,760 --> 00:00:37,120 S1: and how deeply in love God is with you. It's 15 00:00:37,120 --> 00:00:38,839 S1: our truth tool. Our truth tools are my way of 16 00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:41,680 S1: saying thank you because we are listener supported radio. So 17 00:00:41,680 --> 00:00:45,600 S1: if you'd like a copy of secure, just call eight 7758. 18 00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:48,760 S1: That's eight 7758. Give a gift of any amount. My 19 00:00:48,760 --> 00:00:50,840 S1: way of saying thank you for supporting the program is 20 00:00:50,840 --> 00:00:53,000 S1: I'll send you a copy of secure. You can also 21 00:00:53,000 --> 00:00:56,560 S1: do this online at in the Market with Janet. Scroll 22 00:00:56,560 --> 00:00:58,720 S1: to the bottom of the page. There's the cover of 23 00:00:58,720 --> 00:01:02,290 S1: the book secure. Click on the photo. Go right on through. 24 00:01:02,330 --> 00:01:04,529 S1: Make your donation and we'll send you a copy again 25 00:01:04,530 --> 00:01:07,530 S1: of secure. If you want to consider becoming a partial partner, 26 00:01:07,530 --> 00:01:10,530 S1: that is the ever increasing circle of friends who give 27 00:01:10,530 --> 00:01:13,010 S1: every single month at a level of their own choosing. 28 00:01:13,010 --> 00:01:15,209 S1: And my way of saying thank you is this you 29 00:01:15,209 --> 00:01:17,490 S1: always get the truth tool for each and every month. 30 00:01:17,490 --> 00:01:20,090 S1: And in addition to that, you get a weekly newsletter 31 00:01:20,090 --> 00:01:22,490 S1: that includes some of my writing and a little audio 32 00:01:22,490 --> 00:01:25,089 S1: piece just for my partial partners. So either way, thank 33 00:01:25,090 --> 00:01:28,650 S1: you in advance for prayerfully considering the opportunity to financially 34 00:01:28,650 --> 00:01:31,330 S1: support in the market with Janet partial and keeping it 35 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:33,330 S1: on the air. Now, I hope you hear something that 36 00:01:33,330 --> 00:01:36,170 S1: will encourage you to get out and influence and occupy 37 00:01:36,290 --> 00:01:37,850 S1: in the marketplace of ideas. 38 00:01:39,010 --> 00:01:40,569 S2: Here are some of the news headlines we're watching. 39 00:01:40,850 --> 00:01:43,089 S3: The conference was over. The president won a pledge. 40 00:01:43,290 --> 00:01:45,290 S4: Americans worshiping government over God. 41 00:01:45,650 --> 00:01:47,770 S3: Extremely rare safety move by a. 42 00:01:48,170 --> 00:01:51,130 S4: 17 years the Palestinians and Israelis negotiated. 43 00:01:52,410 --> 00:02:06,930 S3: Is not. Hi friends. 44 00:02:06,930 --> 00:02:09,250 S1: Welcome to In the Market with Janet Parshall. Thank you 45 00:02:09,250 --> 00:02:11,329 S1: so much for spending the hour with me. We are 46 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:13,929 S1: about to engage in what I think anyway is a 47 00:02:13,930 --> 00:02:17,369 S1: fascinating conversation. And let me give you this just recent 48 00:02:17,370 --> 00:02:21,769 S1: headline in The Jerusalem Post. Here's the headline Did Giants exist? 49 00:02:22,050 --> 00:02:26,370 S1: Ancient Egyptian Papyrus points to proof of gargantuan Canaanite tribe 50 00:02:26,370 --> 00:02:29,050 S1: organization says. Let me just share this with you. I 51 00:02:29,050 --> 00:02:33,489 S1: think this is really cool. It's a 3300 year old 52 00:02:33,490 --> 00:02:37,169 S1: Egyptian papyrus. It's displayed at the British Museum. It's been 53 00:02:37,169 --> 00:02:40,609 S1: there since 1839, and it's been recently cited by the 54 00:02:40,610 --> 00:02:45,490 S1: associates for Biblical Research Abroad as evidence proving the existence 55 00:02:45,490 --> 00:02:49,850 S1: of biblical giants. Now the papyrus is known as Anastasi one, 56 00:02:49,850 --> 00:02:54,090 S1: or the Satirical letter, and it's viewed by most as 57 00:02:54,090 --> 00:02:58,780 S1: a somewhat mocking letter, apparently written between two army scribes 58 00:02:58,780 --> 00:03:03,260 S1: describing an ancient Egyptian military excursion into Qana. So, according 59 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:07,300 S1: to a 1911 translation of the letter done by one 60 00:03:07,340 --> 00:03:11,620 S1: Alan Henderson Gardiner, it refers to the Sasha's people. I 61 00:03:11,620 --> 00:03:14,299 S1: hope I'm saying this right. Believed by researchers to be 62 00:03:14,300 --> 00:03:17,820 S1: a nomadic Canaanite tribe who were about 4 to 5 63 00:03:17,820 --> 00:03:21,540 S1: royal Egyptian cubits tall. Don't take out your calculator. Break 64 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:24,220 S1: that down for you. That would mean, according to ABR, 65 00:03:24,460 --> 00:03:27,180 S1: that the height of those encountered varied from at least 66 00:03:27,180 --> 00:03:32,100 S1: six feet 8in to 8ft six inches. Somebody call the Celtics. 67 00:03:32,100 --> 00:03:35,140 S1: This is particularly interesting when you consider that a main 68 00:03:35,140 --> 00:03:39,380 S1: point of the letter regards the need for accuracy. So 69 00:03:39,420 --> 00:03:41,860 S1: ABR backed up its claim of the letter being truthful 70 00:03:41,860 --> 00:03:45,700 S1: rather than satirical, citing a relief depicting two Sasha spies 71 00:03:45,740 --> 00:03:50,540 S1: being beaten by ancient Egyptians during the 13th century BC 72 00:03:50,580 --> 00:03:54,420 S1: Battle of Kadesh between the Egyptian and Hittite empires. Sound 73 00:03:54,420 --> 00:03:58,150 S1: like your Bible, right? It's one thing for Egyptian carvings 74 00:03:58,150 --> 00:04:01,550 S1: to represent their pharaohs with almost superhuman size. It's quite 75 00:04:01,550 --> 00:04:04,110 S1: another for them to depict their enemies as such. ABR 76 00:04:04,150 --> 00:04:07,550 S1: said again, the Egyptians seem to be encountering forces of 77 00:04:07,550 --> 00:04:11,990 S1: unusual heights in their exploits in and around Canaan. In addition, 78 00:04:12,030 --> 00:04:15,190 S1: ABR noted that there are ancient Egyptian pottery shards on 79 00:04:15,190 --> 00:04:18,990 S1: display at the Berlin Museum, citing I'm going to definitely 80 00:04:18,990 --> 00:04:22,390 S1: say this wrong. Ill Anneke theorized by some to be 81 00:04:22,390 --> 00:04:27,590 S1: the biblical Anakim referred to in numbers 1333. ABR also 82 00:04:27,589 --> 00:04:30,229 S1: claimed that Goliath, from the story of David and Samuel, 83 00:04:30,230 --> 00:04:33,869 S1: one of the king of Bashan, Deuteronomy and a third 84 00:04:33,870 --> 00:04:38,229 S1: giant who allegedly appears in Samuel two are further evidence 85 00:04:38,230 --> 00:04:42,030 S1: of biblical references for the existence of giants. Now why 86 00:04:42,029 --> 00:04:45,230 S1: is that cool? Because I love it when the rocks 87 00:04:45,230 --> 00:04:47,550 S1: cry out. You know, I used to think archeology was 88 00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:49,870 S1: the most boring, boring science on planet Earth. And then 89 00:04:49,870 --> 00:04:51,270 S1: I fell in love with this guy that had been 90 00:04:51,270 --> 00:04:54,000 S1: married to for half a century. And he's still gaga 91 00:04:54,040 --> 00:04:56,360 S1: about biblical archaeology. In fact, one of the first things 92 00:04:56,360 --> 00:04:58,280 S1: he asked for for Christmas the first year we were 93 00:04:58,279 --> 00:05:01,920 S1: married was a subscription to Biblical Archaeology magazine, and that 94 00:05:01,920 --> 00:05:05,039 S1: man taught me years ago how exciting this science is 95 00:05:05,040 --> 00:05:09,640 S1: because of its veracity in confirming the validity of the scriptures, 96 00:05:09,640 --> 00:05:12,480 S1: aside from the fact that it's history. Amazing history, but 97 00:05:12,480 --> 00:05:15,800 S1: it just continues to validate and validate and validate the 98 00:05:15,800 --> 00:05:18,520 S1: truths we find in Scripture. Even the rocks cry out. 99 00:05:18,680 --> 00:05:20,600 S1: So that's why it's a cool science, and I will 100 00:05:20,640 --> 00:05:23,120 S1: often post in my social media about recent diggings that 101 00:05:23,120 --> 00:05:25,840 S1: are taking place and findings that have taken place. And 102 00:05:25,839 --> 00:05:27,840 S1: it's also why, for example, right here in my town 103 00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:30,800 S1: of Washington, DC, we currently have on display part of 104 00:05:30,800 --> 00:05:32,840 S1: the Dead Sea Scrolls. They have to go back after 105 00:05:32,839 --> 00:05:34,160 S1: a while, but they're here for a while. It's why 106 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:36,040 S1: we're in Israel. We always go to the Museum of 107 00:05:36,040 --> 00:05:38,480 S1: the scroll, so we can see some of the writings 108 00:05:38,480 --> 00:05:41,479 S1: that were found in the book of Isaiah, uh, in Qumran. 109 00:05:41,480 --> 00:05:44,520 S1: So it's fascinating stuff. So you can imagine when a 110 00:05:44,520 --> 00:05:47,360 S1: book came across my desk called archaeology and the people 111 00:05:47,360 --> 00:05:50,520 S1: of the Bible exploring the evidence for the historical existence 112 00:05:50,520 --> 00:05:53,240 S1: of biblical characters. I had to arm wrestle my husband 113 00:05:53,240 --> 00:05:56,159 S1: to get it back so I could talk to the author, 114 00:05:56,160 --> 00:05:59,239 S1: Doctor Titus Kennedy, who is our guest this hour. Titus, 115 00:05:59,240 --> 00:06:01,760 S1: by the way, is an archaeologist who's been involved in 116 00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:06,599 S1: projects in 18 sites spanning six countries and has conducted 117 00:06:06,600 --> 00:06:09,960 S1: artifact research at museums and collections around the world. He's 118 00:06:09,960 --> 00:06:11,920 S1: a research fellow at one of my favorite places, the 119 00:06:11,920 --> 00:06:15,680 S1: Discovery Institute, a university and seminary professor. He's the author 120 00:06:15,680 --> 00:06:18,599 S1: of numerous articles and books, editor of the Near East 121 00:06:18,600 --> 00:06:22,280 S1: Archaeological Society Bulletin, and has been a consultant, writer and 122 00:06:22,279 --> 00:06:26,080 S1: guide for history and archaeological documentaries and curricula. So put 123 00:06:26,080 --> 00:06:28,080 S1: on your Indiana Jones hat. We're going to have fun 124 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:31,680 S1: this hour. Titus. The Warmest of Welcomes. Love the picture 125 00:06:31,680 --> 00:06:33,920 S1: that we have of you on the motorcycle. A modern 126 00:06:33,920 --> 00:06:37,839 S1: day Indiana Jones, I'm sure. What got you interested in archaeology? 127 00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:42,880 S5: Thanks so much. You know, I was really interested in 128 00:06:42,880 --> 00:06:46,360 S5: history from a young age. I didn't even know that 129 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:50,330 S5: archaeology was a thing at first, but I was taken 130 00:06:50,529 --> 00:06:54,570 S5: to an archaeological site when I was in about third grade, 131 00:06:54,570 --> 00:07:00,529 S5: and it was a recreated, partially excavated Hawaiian village. Ancient 132 00:07:00,570 --> 00:07:03,130 S5: Hawaiian village. So I thought, this is pretty cool. This 133 00:07:03,130 --> 00:07:06,010 S5: stuff's really old. And the next year in school, we 134 00:07:06,010 --> 00:07:08,529 S5: were taken to an old American fort. I was pretty 135 00:07:08,529 --> 00:07:12,410 S5: surprised that it was still standing because I thought, you know, 136 00:07:12,450 --> 00:07:15,530 S5: old buildings were like 100 years old. I didn't think 137 00:07:15,530 --> 00:07:18,730 S5: there was much of anything older than that. And then 138 00:07:18,730 --> 00:07:21,650 S5: I got a book in fourth grade, and it was 139 00:07:21,650 --> 00:07:26,490 S5: about the excavation of Troy and the Heinrich Schliemann project. 140 00:07:26,650 --> 00:07:30,570 S5: And that was really my introduction into archaeology, that people 141 00:07:30,930 --> 00:07:37,130 S5: went to these ancient sites, basically hills of dirt, and 142 00:07:37,130 --> 00:07:42,010 S5: they started digging and they uncovered these ancient cities and artifacts, 143 00:07:42,010 --> 00:07:46,050 S5: and they gave us new historical information. And I just 144 00:07:46,050 --> 00:07:49,380 S5: thought that was fascinating. And I had had no idea. 145 00:07:49,420 --> 00:07:52,180 S5: I thought before we just sort of handed down all 146 00:07:52,220 --> 00:07:56,380 S5: these old manuscripts and ancient historical books, but people are 147 00:07:56,380 --> 00:07:59,460 S5: out there discovering new history through archaeology. 148 00:07:59,820 --> 00:08:03,940 S1: Yeah. Wow. So in your undergrad, your master's degree and 149 00:08:03,940 --> 00:08:07,060 S1: also your doctoral program, was it archaeology or some form 150 00:08:07,060 --> 00:08:10,060 S1: of that science in all three of those degree pursuits? 151 00:08:11,340 --> 00:08:15,660 S5: I did study archaeology in all three. In my first 152 00:08:15,660 --> 00:08:19,540 S5: one it was more North American archaeology, and then I 153 00:08:19,540 --> 00:08:25,460 S5: did history and humanities, biblical studies. But my master's was 154 00:08:25,500 --> 00:08:29,500 S5: Near Eastern archaeology. So the the ancient Middle East. And 155 00:08:29,500 --> 00:08:33,579 S5: then master's and doctorate in biblical archaeology in particular. 156 00:08:33,980 --> 00:08:37,460 S1: Wow. How exciting is that? So that the article that 157 00:08:37,460 --> 00:08:39,740 S1: I just read and I'm so glad, in fact, I thought, well, 158 00:08:39,740 --> 00:08:41,940 S1: the Titus is coming. That's a perfect timing with that article. 159 00:08:41,940 --> 00:08:44,620 S1: I thought that was so cool. So we hear now 160 00:08:44,620 --> 00:08:46,180 S1: you hear the music. So let me ask the question. 161 00:08:46,179 --> 00:08:48,179 S1: I'll take the answer on the other side. Did you 162 00:08:48,220 --> 00:08:51,940 S1: know about that finding? Do you concur? And that raises 163 00:08:51,940 --> 00:08:54,340 S1: an even bigger question. So that we understand for people 164 00:08:54,340 --> 00:08:56,940 S1: who are amateur backyard diggers, what do you have to 165 00:08:56,940 --> 00:09:01,020 S1: have to affirm to substantiate the historicity of what is 166 00:09:01,020 --> 00:09:03,740 S1: found at a site? We're just getting started. This isn't 167 00:09:03,740 --> 00:09:06,540 S1: just boring, dusty stones by any stretch of the imagination. 168 00:09:06,780 --> 00:09:09,420 S1: It's history come alive. And that's really what it's all. 169 00:09:09,420 --> 00:09:11,300 S1: In fact, when you go to Israel, it's nothing but 170 00:09:11,340 --> 00:09:14,260 S1: history upon layer of history upon layer of history. And 171 00:09:14,260 --> 00:09:16,100 S1: now you look at the archaeology of the Bible. You 172 00:09:16,100 --> 00:09:18,220 S1: get to discover who some of these characters are and 173 00:09:18,220 --> 00:09:22,100 S1: their affirmation outside of the Bible through archaeology back after this. 174 00:09:46,270 --> 00:09:48,950 S1: Are you constantly feeling like God is disappointed in you, 175 00:09:48,950 --> 00:09:51,750 S1: or do you feel like he's too busy for your problems? Well, 176 00:09:51,750 --> 00:09:54,190 S1: that's why I've chosen secure how to have a healthy 177 00:09:54,190 --> 00:09:57,110 S1: attachment to God as this month's truth tool. Learn to 178 00:09:57,150 --> 00:09:59,950 S1: grasp the depth of God's love for you. Ask for 179 00:09:59,950 --> 00:10:01,829 S1: your copy of secure. When you give a gift of 180 00:10:01,830 --> 00:10:07,510 S1: any amount in the market, call 87758. That's 87758 or 181 00:10:07,550 --> 00:10:12,469 S1: go to in the market with Janet Parshall. We get 182 00:10:12,470 --> 00:10:14,990 S1: to spend the hour with Doctor Titus Kennedy, who's an 183 00:10:14,990 --> 00:10:19,030 S1: archaeologist who has been involved in projects at 18 sites 184 00:10:19,429 --> 00:10:23,150 S1: spanning six countries and has conducted artifact research at museums 185 00:10:23,150 --> 00:10:26,309 S1: and collections around the world. He joins us today as 186 00:10:26,309 --> 00:10:28,590 S1: the author of the new book, archaeology and the people 187 00:10:28,590 --> 00:10:32,230 S1: of the Bible Exploring the evidence for the Historical Existence 188 00:10:32,230 --> 00:10:34,750 S1: of Bible Characters. And by the way, this is one 189 00:10:34,750 --> 00:10:36,270 S1: of those precious books that you're going to want in 190 00:10:36,270 --> 00:10:39,390 S1: your home library. All kinds of graphics, pictures of coins 191 00:10:39,390 --> 00:10:42,150 S1: and charts and graphs. And it really takes a look 192 00:10:42,150 --> 00:10:45,840 S1: at all of these marvelous Bible characters and breaks them down, 193 00:10:45,840 --> 00:10:48,920 S1: and the historicity that's validated through the science of archaeology. 194 00:10:48,920 --> 00:10:51,280 S1: It's really cool stuff. So let me just ask you 195 00:10:51,320 --> 00:10:52,839 S1: and I have a million questions to ask you, but 196 00:10:52,840 --> 00:10:55,160 S1: let me go first to this Egyptian papyrus that seems 197 00:10:55,160 --> 00:10:58,400 S1: to validate the existence of giants. You know, people take 198 00:10:58,400 --> 00:11:00,720 S1: the story of King David and Goliath, and we'll talk 199 00:11:00,720 --> 00:11:03,480 S1: about David later on in our conversation. But let's just 200 00:11:03,480 --> 00:11:06,360 S1: look at the Giants for a minute. So, um, tell 201 00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:08,840 S1: me what your reaction is. Did you know about this? 202 00:11:08,840 --> 00:11:12,720 S1: And is this enough to say, okay, this affirms what 203 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:13,800 S1: science tells us? 204 00:11:15,120 --> 00:11:17,320 S5: Yes, I did know about this. I mean, this has 205 00:11:17,320 --> 00:11:21,040 S5: been known for a long time, well over 100 years, 206 00:11:21,600 --> 00:11:25,439 S5: and it's often talked about in different classes or books. 207 00:11:25,960 --> 00:11:29,480 S5: And if we if we say, all right, the Egyptians, 208 00:11:29,480 --> 00:11:34,600 S5: sometimes they embellished some things or sometimes they exaggerated a 209 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:37,959 S5: little bit. But if we look at this four cubits 210 00:11:37,960 --> 00:11:41,040 S5: and it's an Egyptian cubit, so it's slightly longer than 211 00:11:41,480 --> 00:11:46,170 S5: the cubit that the Israelites typically used for cubits tall. 212 00:11:46,490 --> 00:11:51,490 S5: We're talking about probably about six foot ten somewhere, somewhere 213 00:11:51,490 --> 00:11:54,930 S5: in there, which is quite tall. You know, that's like 214 00:11:55,090 --> 00:11:57,170 S5: almost Shaquille O'Neal's height. 215 00:11:57,490 --> 00:11:57,970 S1: Exactly. 216 00:11:58,010 --> 00:12:02,610 S5: And people, people in ancient times were generally much shorter. 217 00:12:02,610 --> 00:12:05,610 S5: A lot of that had to do with nutrition. But 218 00:12:05,929 --> 00:12:11,690 S5: say King David, for example, the average man around that 219 00:12:11,690 --> 00:12:16,810 S5: time in ancient Israel would have been five, four, five, five. 220 00:12:16,809 --> 00:12:21,809 S5: So you're talking five five versus about seven feet tall. 221 00:12:22,370 --> 00:12:25,410 S5: And a lot, a lot more weight. Right. To go 222 00:12:25,450 --> 00:12:29,970 S5: with that frame. So that definitely conjures up the idea 223 00:12:29,970 --> 00:12:34,330 S5: of a giant. So the Bible doesn't use giant. The 224 00:12:34,330 --> 00:12:36,809 S5: term giant doesn't use it in those terms like we 225 00:12:36,809 --> 00:12:40,569 S5: would read in the medieval fairy tales or something we're 226 00:12:40,570 --> 00:12:44,250 S5: not talking about. 20ft tall or anything like that. But 227 00:12:44,250 --> 00:12:49,569 S5: it's very, very large people. And the, uh, the relief 228 00:12:49,570 --> 00:12:53,650 S5: that they reference there, uh, I mean, sometimes the Egyptians 229 00:12:53,650 --> 00:12:59,290 S5: depict certain people larger than others in their reliefs for, uh, 230 00:12:59,330 --> 00:13:02,770 S5: sort of demonstrative artistic purposes. But, I mean, maybe, maybe 231 00:13:02,770 --> 00:13:05,010 S5: they're trying to show they're taller. But we do have 232 00:13:05,010 --> 00:13:12,170 S5: archaeological evidence of some particularly tall people from the Philistia area, uh, 233 00:13:12,170 --> 00:13:16,210 S5: a couple of skeletons that are around six foot nine 234 00:13:16,250 --> 00:13:20,170 S5: or approximately in that area. So, you know, it all 235 00:13:20,210 --> 00:13:25,210 S5: sort of merges together. And with the the biblical text 236 00:13:25,250 --> 00:13:28,890 S5: talking about the height of Goliath, his height in the 237 00:13:28,890 --> 00:13:31,970 S5: Septuagint and the Dead Sea Scrolls, not in the Masoretic Text. 238 00:13:32,010 --> 00:13:34,330 S5: He was about six foot nine or something like that. 239 00:13:34,330 --> 00:13:38,370 S5: So there definitely were some people who were much, much 240 00:13:38,370 --> 00:13:43,420 S5: larger than the average person was. So I think that's 241 00:13:43,420 --> 00:13:47,020 S5: very plausible. And we have multiple lines of evidence backing 242 00:13:47,020 --> 00:13:47,500 S5: that up. 243 00:13:47,940 --> 00:13:50,580 S1: Wow. So it's been known, like you said. In fact, 244 00:13:50,580 --> 00:13:53,700 S1: I referenced a couple of dates, the 1800s, early 1900s. 245 00:13:53,700 --> 00:13:57,380 S1: I wonder why publications like The Jerusalem Post wanted to 246 00:13:57,420 --> 00:13:59,780 S1: make this an item again. Is it because there seems 247 00:13:59,780 --> 00:14:02,700 S1: to be more clarification than before? 248 00:14:04,500 --> 00:14:07,900 S5: I think it just came back into the news cycle again. 249 00:14:08,700 --> 00:14:11,980 S5: That's that's what happens. And with old things like this, 250 00:14:11,980 --> 00:14:15,020 S5: people forget about it. Or maybe, you know, they never knew. 251 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:15,500 S1: In. 252 00:14:15,540 --> 00:14:18,940 S5: The first place. Exactly. Obscure. And it's interesting. And it 253 00:14:18,940 --> 00:14:24,140 S5: generates views so that this happens a lot in archaeology. 254 00:14:24,180 --> 00:14:28,500 S5: Very often there's the same information pops up every ten 255 00:14:28,500 --> 00:14:31,740 S5: years or so because people have forgotten about it. Or 256 00:14:31,740 --> 00:14:34,460 S5: you can reach a different audience or a wider audience, 257 00:14:34,460 --> 00:14:35,780 S5: or it's just interesting. 258 00:14:35,980 --> 00:14:37,950 S1: Wow. Well, I'm glad that I got to share it 259 00:14:37,950 --> 00:14:39,350 S1: with my friends, because I bet a whole lot of 260 00:14:39,350 --> 00:14:42,910 S1: people didn't know about this. Which raises again, the criteria. 261 00:14:42,910 --> 00:14:46,430 S1: So walk me into the world of the science of archaeology. 262 00:14:46,630 --> 00:14:49,710 S1: Why do I think the word contextualize is important? What 263 00:14:49,710 --> 00:14:53,390 S1: do you have to do to say this can be substantiated? 264 00:14:53,430 --> 00:14:56,670 S1: What other sources do you use? How do you validate? 265 00:14:56,670 --> 00:14:58,790 S1: How do you look at its intersection with other peoples 266 00:14:58,790 --> 00:15:00,430 S1: or other cultures? Walk me through that. 267 00:15:01,990 --> 00:15:05,310 S5: So when we're talking about contextualization, this is a little 268 00:15:05,350 --> 00:15:10,190 S5: bit different than if we're discussing the issue of historical accuracy. 269 00:15:10,510 --> 00:15:14,910 S5: But they do have some overlap. So for contextualization we're 270 00:15:14,910 --> 00:15:20,790 S5: going to look at the historical and geographical and social 271 00:15:20,790 --> 00:15:26,070 S5: and religious context of say an ancient passage that we're reading. 272 00:15:26,590 --> 00:15:30,350 S5: And we may have a little bit of information about 273 00:15:30,350 --> 00:15:33,350 S5: that in the text itself. So if we're reading a 274 00:15:33,390 --> 00:15:38,230 S5: biblical passage, say, about David and Goliath and the Philistines 275 00:15:38,230 --> 00:15:42,550 S5: versus the Israelites. So we've got some information in the text. Uh, 276 00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:46,270 S5: we've got Goliath's height and we've got the name, uh, 277 00:15:46,270 --> 00:15:48,790 S5: the people, the Philistines. And we have the area where 278 00:15:48,790 --> 00:15:53,310 S5: they went, the Allah Valley, and we have the armies 279 00:15:53,310 --> 00:15:57,070 S5: talked about and even some of the weapons. So we 280 00:15:57,070 --> 00:16:00,790 S5: have some information where we can say, we can compare 281 00:16:00,790 --> 00:16:04,590 S5: that to the archaeological material, and then we have other 282 00:16:04,590 --> 00:16:08,710 S5: places where we can fill that in with what we 283 00:16:08,710 --> 00:16:14,750 S5: have researched through geography, through archaeology and history. And, you know, 284 00:16:14,790 --> 00:16:18,550 S5: we can say things about Philistine pottery, or we can 285 00:16:18,550 --> 00:16:21,950 S5: talk about all the different cities that the Philistines lived 286 00:16:21,950 --> 00:16:25,790 S5: in that maybe aren't talked about in that passage. And 287 00:16:25,790 --> 00:16:28,910 S5: we could discuss what kind of weaponry the Israelites had 288 00:16:28,950 --> 00:16:33,510 S5: based on excavations of of their different metal work and 289 00:16:33,510 --> 00:16:37,000 S5: their metallurgy and the tools and weapons that they formed. 290 00:16:38,000 --> 00:16:40,800 S5: So we have all that kind of thing for context. 291 00:16:40,800 --> 00:16:45,800 S5: But when we're talking about historical corroboration or looking into 292 00:16:45,800 --> 00:16:49,520 S5: the accuracy of the historical text, then we need to 293 00:16:49,560 --> 00:16:53,880 S5: look at a 1 to 1 correspondence between what's written 294 00:16:53,880 --> 00:16:57,600 S5: in the text and what's found archaeologically. And in the 295 00:16:57,600 --> 00:17:01,600 S5: case of something like David and the narratives about him, 296 00:17:01,600 --> 00:17:06,440 S5: we have quite a bit ranging from names to cities 297 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:07,920 S5: to events that occurred. 298 00:17:08,359 --> 00:17:10,600 S1: So cool. And I want to talk about him and 299 00:17:10,600 --> 00:17:12,440 S1: the way the book is laid out, how you do 300 00:17:12,440 --> 00:17:15,200 S1: this for different characters in the Bible. It's absolutely fascinating. 301 00:17:15,200 --> 00:17:17,160 S1: But when we come back, Titus, just to dig in 302 00:17:17,160 --> 00:17:21,000 S1: a little more, no pun intended, you've been on 18 sites. 303 00:17:21,000 --> 00:17:22,560 S1: I want to find out from you what was your 304 00:17:22,560 --> 00:17:26,040 S1: most interesting site, and what was the most fascinating object 305 00:17:26,040 --> 00:17:28,720 S1: that you found? The new book is called archaeology and 306 00:17:28,720 --> 00:17:32,200 S1: the people of the Bible Exploring the Evidence. Important word 307 00:17:32,200 --> 00:17:35,649 S1: for the historical existence of Bible characters. More with Doctor 308 00:17:35,650 --> 00:17:51,409 S1: Titus Kennedy right after this. We're visiting with Doctor Titus Kennedy, 309 00:17:51,410 --> 00:17:53,850 S1: who's a fellow at the Discovery Center Center for Science 310 00:17:53,850 --> 00:17:57,409 S1: and Culture. He's a field archaeologist working primarily with sites 311 00:17:57,410 --> 00:18:00,770 S1: and materials of the ancient Near East and the Mediterranean world. 312 00:18:00,970 --> 00:18:03,490 S1: He joins us today as the author of archaeology and 313 00:18:03,490 --> 00:18:06,090 S1: the people of the Bible, exploring the evidence for the 314 00:18:06,090 --> 00:18:10,210 S1: Historical Existence of Bible Characters. Okay, so can I close 315 00:18:10,210 --> 00:18:12,129 S1: the loop on something? Because my team asked me during 316 00:18:12,130 --> 00:18:15,570 S1: the break that if you look at Scripture, it says 317 00:18:15,570 --> 00:18:18,129 S1: six cubits, and this is back to Goliath's height, six 318 00:18:18,130 --> 00:18:21,410 S1: cubits and a span. Uh, but the Dead Sea Scrolls 319 00:18:21,410 --> 00:18:25,850 S1: say four cubits. So no, six cubits would be about 320 00:18:25,850 --> 00:18:28,690 S1: nine feet. Four cubits would be over six feet. So 321 00:18:28,690 --> 00:18:29,369 S1: which is it? 322 00:18:30,609 --> 00:18:33,739 S5: It's it's the shorter one. So that's both in the 323 00:18:33,740 --> 00:18:37,540 S5: Dead Sea Scrolls and the Septuagint which are much, much 324 00:18:37,540 --> 00:18:40,460 S5: older manuscripts than the Masoretic Text. 325 00:18:41,460 --> 00:18:43,740 S1: So there you go. That's the the older source would 326 00:18:43,740 --> 00:18:45,100 S1: be the better source on this one. 327 00:18:45,540 --> 00:18:46,100 S5: Yes. 328 00:18:46,300 --> 00:18:48,820 S1: Cool. All right. So then I asked you about the 329 00:18:48,820 --> 00:18:50,979 S1: fact I brought this up just before the break, that 330 00:18:50,980 --> 00:18:54,340 S1: you've been on 18 sites spanning six countries. What was 331 00:18:54,340 --> 00:18:56,939 S1: your favorite site, your favorite dig, and what was the 332 00:18:56,940 --> 00:18:58,820 S1: most astonishing thing that you found? 333 00:19:00,220 --> 00:19:04,300 S5: Oh, that's that's a difficult one. And it probably changes 334 00:19:04,300 --> 00:19:08,260 S5: with each site that I go to. But, uh, you know, 335 00:19:08,300 --> 00:19:12,500 S5: one of one of the most fun digs or enjoyable, 336 00:19:12,500 --> 00:19:16,179 S5: I should say, uh, was was a recent dig in 337 00:19:16,180 --> 00:19:18,740 S5: Jordan at the site of Zohar. We just had such 338 00:19:18,780 --> 00:19:24,100 S5: a great team team for that excavation. And, uh, as 339 00:19:24,100 --> 00:19:27,619 S5: far as exciting. And there have been a lot of 340 00:19:27,619 --> 00:19:31,900 S5: exciting things. I mean, I think back to one project 341 00:19:31,900 --> 00:19:35,300 S5: I was on in Jerusalem, where we were excavating through 342 00:19:35,300 --> 00:19:38,540 S5: a lot of first century material, and we're finding coins 343 00:19:38,540 --> 00:19:41,699 S5: with the names of people on them in the, in 344 00:19:41,700 --> 00:19:44,660 S5: the New Testament, in the Gospels, like Herod the Great 345 00:19:44,660 --> 00:19:48,460 S5: and Herod Antipas and, and Pontius Pilate. Well, not actually 346 00:19:48,460 --> 00:19:52,260 S5: pilot's name. It was Tiberius, but there were coins issued 347 00:19:52,260 --> 00:19:55,380 S5: by Pilate while he was the governor. So that was 348 00:19:55,380 --> 00:19:59,899 S5: really exciting. Um, you know, I've excavated destruction layers linked 349 00:19:59,900 --> 00:20:06,180 S5: to Joshua. I've excavated a Canaanite altar, sacrificial altar that 350 00:20:06,180 --> 00:20:09,980 S5: was that was pretty unique. So just so many things. 351 00:20:09,980 --> 00:20:14,260 S5: And it's, uh, each, each new season, there's usually something 352 00:20:14,260 --> 00:20:15,379 S5: very interesting. 353 00:20:15,420 --> 00:20:18,340 S1: Oh. How cool. Now, for my friends who don't know 354 00:20:18,580 --> 00:20:20,780 S1: when you find something, and I'm going to say you 355 00:20:20,820 --> 00:20:22,740 S1: find it in Israel because I can speak to Israel 356 00:20:22,740 --> 00:20:25,780 S1: better than I can to for, say, Jordan. Very. And 357 00:20:25,780 --> 00:20:29,110 S1: I'm so glad they're very, very careful about their antiquities, 358 00:20:29,109 --> 00:20:32,270 S1: and they want to make sure that they're not exported, 359 00:20:32,270 --> 00:20:35,550 S1: that they're validated, that they're protected as well. You find 360 00:20:35,590 --> 00:20:39,150 S1: something in Israel and you know that it has historical significance. 361 00:20:39,190 --> 00:20:41,510 S1: What's your first step? You can't just say, I'll pocket 362 00:20:41,510 --> 00:20:43,150 S1: this and it'll look good on my bookcase. You have 363 00:20:43,150 --> 00:20:44,629 S1: to do something with it. So what do you do 364 00:20:44,630 --> 00:20:45,149 S1: with it? 365 00:20:46,750 --> 00:20:52,630 S5: Everything is documented. All all artifacts are given their own 366 00:20:52,670 --> 00:20:57,109 S5: number designation. We photographed them and cataloged them for things 367 00:20:57,109 --> 00:21:02,310 S5: like pottery sherds. We don't necessarily do that individually. We 368 00:21:02,350 --> 00:21:05,270 S5: will count them up and we will take what's called 369 00:21:05,270 --> 00:21:09,230 S5: diagnostic sherds. And those get a little bit more attention. 370 00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:13,550 S5: Photography and drawing. But yeah, all these things are documented 371 00:21:13,550 --> 00:21:17,470 S5: and they are all then turned over to the Department 372 00:21:17,470 --> 00:21:21,910 S5: of Antiquities. And most things just go into storage in 373 00:21:21,910 --> 00:21:26,070 S5: a warehouse. But some exceptional finds will eventually make it 374 00:21:26,070 --> 00:21:30,520 S5: into a museum if we need to do further testing 375 00:21:30,520 --> 00:21:35,399 S5: or research on them. We've got to get separate permission 376 00:21:35,400 --> 00:21:39,080 S5: to do that. And in some cases, some countries will 377 00:21:39,080 --> 00:21:43,880 S5: also allow short term loans to do a special exhibition. 378 00:21:44,240 --> 00:21:47,840 S1: Mhm. And it's different isn't country by country. For example. 379 00:21:47,880 --> 00:21:51,040 S1: The handling of antiquities in Israel is different than the 380 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:54,400 S1: antiquities in Jordan. I remember they had found a mosaic 381 00:21:54,400 --> 00:21:57,160 S1: on a floor in Jordan and they were just having 382 00:21:57,160 --> 00:21:59,280 S1: people walk over it. It wasn't roped off or anything. 383 00:21:59,280 --> 00:22:01,880 S1: And my husband and I were heartsick. We stepped around it. 384 00:22:01,880 --> 00:22:05,480 S1: We thought, you want to preserve this, so you have 385 00:22:05,480 --> 00:22:08,119 S1: to deal with the government, obviously. And when you're digging, 386 00:22:08,160 --> 00:22:10,400 S1: do you have to get permission to go into a site? 387 00:22:12,000 --> 00:22:15,160 S5: Oh, any time you're doing an archaeological project, you have 388 00:22:15,160 --> 00:22:19,359 S5: to get a permit beforehand, even for a survey. Yeah, 389 00:22:19,359 --> 00:22:23,800 S5: but most most countries have very similar antiquities laws now. 390 00:22:24,119 --> 00:22:29,450 S5: And for things like a mosaic like you're discussing, most 391 00:22:29,450 --> 00:22:34,689 S5: mosaics on archaeological sites actually are unprotected. They would only 392 00:22:35,050 --> 00:22:38,690 S5: protect those in really high traffic areas usually, or if 393 00:22:38,690 --> 00:22:42,930 S5: it was a delicate. They do conservation. So same same 394 00:22:42,930 --> 00:22:47,650 S5: with museums. Some museums even have mosaics conserved so that 395 00:22:47,650 --> 00:22:50,250 S5: people can walk on them. So just kind of varies 396 00:22:50,250 --> 00:22:51,810 S5: on a case by case basis. 397 00:22:52,609 --> 00:22:55,410 S1: Wow. So talk to me a little bit. I have 398 00:22:55,410 --> 00:22:57,570 S1: the book in front of me. So it's a rhetorical question. 399 00:22:57,730 --> 00:22:59,330 S1: Let me just say up front, I love the way 400 00:22:59,330 --> 00:23:01,970 S1: you did this, the way you categorized these different characters, 401 00:23:01,970 --> 00:23:04,490 S1: but for the friends who are listening so they can 402 00:23:04,490 --> 00:23:07,010 S1: get excited about the way this book is put together, 403 00:23:07,010 --> 00:23:08,970 S1: and they can conceptualize how they would use it in 404 00:23:08,970 --> 00:23:11,530 S1: their own study as well. Explain. You broke it up 405 00:23:11,530 --> 00:23:13,930 S1: into the Old Testament and the New Testament, and you 406 00:23:13,970 --> 00:23:16,770 S1: put down a myriad of characters, and then you looked 407 00:23:16,770 --> 00:23:20,810 S1: at the historical and the archaeological substantiation of the character. Um, 408 00:23:20,850 --> 00:23:22,770 S1: was there a way in which you did it when 409 00:23:22,770 --> 00:23:24,649 S1: you looked at the Old Testament, for example, in the 410 00:23:24,650 --> 00:23:27,409 S1: New Testament, you don't start with Jesus, you start with Herod, 411 00:23:27,410 --> 00:23:28,970 S1: which is interesting. Tell me why. 412 00:23:29,970 --> 00:23:34,570 S5: I went in chronological order. So I put the oldest 413 00:23:34,570 --> 00:23:40,209 S5: people first, and as the history progressed, I kept moving 414 00:23:40,210 --> 00:23:43,930 S5: forward in time. And that's that's why I start with 415 00:23:43,970 --> 00:23:47,449 S5: Herod the Great. Herod the first, because he is the 416 00:23:47,490 --> 00:23:52,530 S5: the earliest person, the earliest ruler that's attested. You know, 417 00:23:52,570 --> 00:23:57,810 S5: he started his reign in about 40 BC, whereas the 418 00:23:57,850 --> 00:24:02,450 S5: next earliest ruler we have is Augustus in 27 BC. 419 00:24:03,490 --> 00:24:03,930 S3: Wow. 420 00:24:04,609 --> 00:24:08,570 S1: And again, graphics break down the history pictures of all 421 00:24:08,570 --> 00:24:13,010 S1: kinds of historical findings and an amazing reference book. Just amazing. 422 00:24:13,050 --> 00:24:14,409 S1: I want to look at some of these characters. I'm 423 00:24:14,410 --> 00:24:15,649 S1: going to come back. I'm going to go to the 424 00:24:15,650 --> 00:24:18,689 S1: Old Testament. Let's talk about David. But before we do that, 425 00:24:18,690 --> 00:24:21,369 S1: talk to me, Titus, when we come back about, um, 426 00:24:21,369 --> 00:24:25,619 S1: how we accept this history. Stories of people in ancient 427 00:24:25,619 --> 00:24:29,700 S1: history who have not the same level of substantiation as 428 00:24:29,700 --> 00:24:32,860 S1: biblical archaeology. And yet we tend to accept that at 429 00:24:32,859 --> 00:24:36,740 S1: face value as fact. So for people who ridicule the scriptures, 430 00:24:36,740 --> 00:24:40,580 S1: why is archaeology so important in affirming biblical validity? Back 431 00:24:40,580 --> 00:24:57,580 S1: after this, friends? When we tackle tough issues on in 432 00:24:57,580 --> 00:24:59,700 S1: the market, do you find yourself nodding in agreement? Then 433 00:24:59,700 --> 00:25:01,460 S1: why not take the next step today and become a 434 00:25:01,460 --> 00:25:04,060 S1: partial partner? Your monthly gift will help to keep us 435 00:25:04,100 --> 00:25:06,420 S1: on the air, and you'll receive exclusive behind the scenes 436 00:25:06,420 --> 00:25:09,460 S1: resources directly from me, like a transcript of my weekly 437 00:25:09,460 --> 00:25:13,020 S1: commentary and exclusive weekly audio briefing, and more. Become one 438 00:25:13,020 --> 00:25:16,420 S1: of our partial partners today by calling 877 Janet, 58, 439 00:25:16,460 --> 00:25:20,230 S1: or go online to In the market with Janet Parshall. G. 440 00:25:21,590 --> 00:25:23,910 S1: We are visiting with Doctor Titus Kennedy, who is an 441 00:25:23,910 --> 00:25:27,710 S1: archaeologist who's been involved in projects at 18 sites spanning 442 00:25:27,710 --> 00:25:31,510 S1: six countries and has conducted artifact research at museums and 443 00:25:31,510 --> 00:25:34,790 S1: collections around the globe. He's a research fellow at the 444 00:25:34,790 --> 00:25:38,149 S1: Discovery Institute. He's a university and seminary professor. He's an 445 00:25:38,150 --> 00:25:41,510 S1: author of numerous articles and books, editor of the Near 446 00:25:41,550 --> 00:25:45,270 S1: East Archaeological Society Bulletin. He's been a consultant, writer and 447 00:25:45,270 --> 00:25:49,270 S1: guide for history and archaeology documentaries and curricula. He joins 448 00:25:49,270 --> 00:25:51,830 S1: us today, is the author of his newest book, archaeology 449 00:25:51,830 --> 00:25:54,710 S1: and the people of the Bible exploring the evidence for 450 00:25:54,710 --> 00:25:58,950 S1: historical existence of Bible Characters. And he breaks it into 451 00:25:58,950 --> 00:26:01,510 S1: the old and to the new, and has long lists 452 00:26:01,510 --> 00:26:04,629 S1: of people taken in chronological order as recorded in history, 453 00:26:04,630 --> 00:26:06,990 S1: which is really cool. Titus, before I go, and I 454 00:26:06,990 --> 00:26:08,550 S1: want to look at David as one of the Old 455 00:26:08,550 --> 00:26:12,350 S1: Testament examples because of the plethora of substantiation of the 456 00:26:12,350 --> 00:26:15,670 S1: reality of his existence. But, you know, we talk about 457 00:26:15,670 --> 00:26:18,750 S1: extra-biblical sources, and the skeptic would say the Bible is 458 00:26:18,869 --> 00:26:22,230 S1: nothing but mythology. And yet, why do we not have. 459 00:26:22,270 --> 00:26:24,070 S1: I mean, when you just look at all the archaeology 460 00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:29,070 S1: that substantiates Julius Caesar, for example, I mean, we take 461 00:26:29,109 --> 00:26:32,389 S1: on absolute face value. It's inarguable. Everything that we know 462 00:26:32,390 --> 00:26:37,429 S1: about him has been affirmed through archaeology. Why is the world? 463 00:26:37,430 --> 00:26:39,510 S1: And maybe this is a rhetorical question, a little more 464 00:26:39,510 --> 00:26:42,510 S1: reticent to say that the same standard of the science 465 00:26:42,510 --> 00:26:46,070 S1: of archaeology to affirm the validity of Scripture is called 466 00:26:46,070 --> 00:26:49,310 S1: into account, and it's not in other historical figures. 467 00:26:51,350 --> 00:26:57,389 S5: We certainly have this situation. It's not universal, but where 468 00:26:57,390 --> 00:27:01,750 S5: the Bible is held to a different standard than some 469 00:27:01,750 --> 00:27:06,550 S5: other ancient historical texts. And part of that is the 470 00:27:06,590 --> 00:27:11,550 S5: reputation of the Bible, that it is this religious text, 471 00:27:11,910 --> 00:27:20,480 S5: and part of it is probably the Ingrained idea within 472 00:27:20,480 --> 00:27:27,080 S5: academia that this Assyrian text is reflecting historical reality. This 473 00:27:27,119 --> 00:27:31,720 S5: Egyptian text is reflecting historical reality, but this Hebrew text 474 00:27:31,720 --> 00:27:35,480 S5: is not. And so we need to read it differently, 475 00:27:35,480 --> 00:27:38,920 S5: even even in this, the straight historical section. So we 476 00:27:38,920 --> 00:27:42,119 S5: do see that happening. Um, but not all scholars are 477 00:27:42,119 --> 00:27:45,720 S5: like that. Some will just cut out the historical sections 478 00:27:45,720 --> 00:27:49,760 S5: from the Bible and say, okay, these are valid. Or maybe, 479 00:27:49,760 --> 00:27:53,280 S5: maybe they are. They they sound like they could be, um, 480 00:27:53,280 --> 00:27:55,200 S5: and then they will look at an Egyptian or an 481 00:27:55,200 --> 00:27:58,480 S5: Assyrian text and they'll say, okay, most of this probably happens. 482 00:27:58,480 --> 00:28:01,879 S5: Some of this might be exaggeration. So it really a 483 00:28:01,920 --> 00:28:05,199 S5: lot of it comes down to the the worldview or 484 00:28:05,200 --> 00:28:08,040 S5: the preconceived notions of the individual. 485 00:28:08,320 --> 00:28:11,200 S1: Mhm. Mhm. That's a great answer. All right. So let 486 00:28:11,200 --> 00:28:13,200 S1: me roll up my sleeves because there are oh so 487 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:15,720 S1: many characters in your newest book archaeology and the people 488 00:28:15,720 --> 00:28:17,730 S1: of the Bible. I want to get to David but 489 00:28:17,730 --> 00:28:20,129 S1: talk to me about Bethia first. I find her to 490 00:28:20,170 --> 00:28:24,370 S1: be fascinating. And so, um, talk to me about who 491 00:28:24,369 --> 00:28:27,810 S1: she is and what we have found in archaeology that 492 00:28:27,810 --> 00:28:29,250 S1: validates her existence. 493 00:28:30,810 --> 00:28:36,090 S5: So according to first Chronicles four, there was a a person, 494 00:28:36,130 --> 00:28:41,010 S5: a woman named Bethia and a designate her as the 495 00:28:41,010 --> 00:28:44,890 S5: daughter of Pharaoh. And we're told that she married an 496 00:28:44,890 --> 00:28:49,170 S5: Israelite named Mared. And there's there's not really much of 497 00:28:49,170 --> 00:28:53,290 S5: anything else that is said about her. It's just in 498 00:28:53,330 --> 00:28:59,770 S5: passing briefly mentioned, but based on the context of that 499 00:28:59,770 --> 00:29:03,290 S5: passage in the Book of Chronicles, we see that she's 500 00:29:03,290 --> 00:29:07,730 S5: being placed in the judges period. So the judges period 501 00:29:08,010 --> 00:29:11,770 S5: were were roughly looking at the late Bronze Age and 502 00:29:11,770 --> 00:29:14,700 S5: the beginning of the Iron Age or in Egyptian history, 503 00:29:14,940 --> 00:29:20,420 S5: something like the 19th dynasty or so. So we what 504 00:29:20,420 --> 00:29:25,700 S5: we can do is take a look at Egyptian texts 505 00:29:26,020 --> 00:29:29,900 S5: and see if there is some person in the royal 506 00:29:29,900 --> 00:29:35,580 S5: family who has an equivalent name during during that time period. 507 00:29:36,060 --> 00:29:41,380 S5: And oddly enough, what I saw was that there was 508 00:29:41,380 --> 00:29:46,340 S5: a daughter of Ramses the Second, who lived in the 509 00:29:46,340 --> 00:29:51,700 S5: 13th century BC, and he had a daughter that in 510 00:29:51,700 --> 00:29:57,420 S5: the Egyptian texts was named Bintanath. So people might be like, okay, 511 00:29:57,460 --> 00:30:00,420 S5: that's a totally different name, but you've got to break 512 00:30:00,420 --> 00:30:04,220 S5: it down into the two elements. Both of them start 513 00:30:04,620 --> 00:30:10,140 S5: with this bent part, this daughter. It means daughter. So 514 00:30:10,180 --> 00:30:13,820 S5: it's actually Semitic name. It's not an Egyptian name. And 515 00:30:13,820 --> 00:30:17,980 S5: then Anath is the name of a goddess. It's a 516 00:30:18,020 --> 00:30:21,900 S5: Semitic goddess. And so she is the daughter of Anath 517 00:30:21,900 --> 00:30:24,340 S5: or a not so. She's in her name. Her original 518 00:30:24,340 --> 00:30:29,820 S5: name was invoking this goddess. Now with Bithia, what we 519 00:30:29,820 --> 00:30:33,060 S5: see is it starts the same it's daughter of. And 520 00:30:33,060 --> 00:30:36,900 S5: then it's ya. So it's the daughter of Yah or 521 00:30:36,940 --> 00:30:43,740 S5: Yahweh invoking Yahweh. And although I have to speculate on this, 522 00:30:44,500 --> 00:30:50,220 S5: my hypothesis was that when she married this Israelite, she 523 00:30:50,620 --> 00:30:56,020 S5: changed her name from honoring Anat to honoring Yahweh. And 524 00:30:56,020 --> 00:30:58,820 S5: this is something that we see elsewhere in the Bible, 525 00:30:58,980 --> 00:31:02,900 S5: where where names are changed like this, where a pagan deity, 526 00:31:03,140 --> 00:31:07,660 S5: their name is removed, and it's either the spellings modified 527 00:31:07,660 --> 00:31:12,590 S5: or it's changed to honoring God instead l using l 528 00:31:12,630 --> 00:31:16,750 S5: or your. So the fact that this person. They're both 529 00:31:17,190 --> 00:31:20,470 S5: daughters of Pharaoh in the same time period and have 530 00:31:20,750 --> 00:31:25,870 S5: this same construction of name led me to suggest that 531 00:31:25,910 --> 00:31:29,150 S5: this is quite possibly the same person. So I don't 532 00:31:29,150 --> 00:31:33,870 S5: rate this as a firm or even probable. I put 533 00:31:33,870 --> 00:31:38,110 S5: it as tentative, but it's very it's interesting and it's possible. 534 00:31:38,310 --> 00:31:41,190 S1: Yeah. Okay, so let me linger with Daughters of Pharaoh 535 00:31:41,190 --> 00:31:43,190 S1: for a while. First of all, her name is in 536 00:31:43,270 --> 00:31:46,670 S1: that book, above all books. All right. And so you're 537 00:31:46,670 --> 00:31:49,750 S1: named in history in First Chronicles, exactly as you pointed out. 538 00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:52,510 S1: I think your theory that perhaps the name was changed 539 00:31:52,510 --> 00:31:55,710 S1: because of her marriage to a Hebrew, I think is 540 00:31:55,710 --> 00:31:59,190 S1: very plausible. And it raises an interesting question. So let's 541 00:31:59,190 --> 00:32:01,670 S1: talk about another daughter of Pharaoh. How about the one 542 00:32:01,670 --> 00:32:04,950 S1: that drew Moses out of the water? She isn't named, 543 00:32:04,950 --> 00:32:08,550 S1: and yet she plays this significant role. Is that and 544 00:32:08,590 --> 00:32:10,280 S1: this is all theory and we're allowed to use our 545 00:32:10,280 --> 00:32:13,880 S1: sanctified imagination here. Do you think she's not named because 546 00:32:13,880 --> 00:32:17,680 S1: she never converts? Doesn't become a god fear, but she's 547 00:32:17,680 --> 00:32:20,360 S1: identified as a daughter of Pharaoh because of the significance 548 00:32:20,360 --> 00:32:22,880 S1: of Moses's entrance into the court. 549 00:32:24,040 --> 00:32:27,479 S5: I think she's not named because that was the writing 550 00:32:27,480 --> 00:32:31,200 S5: convention at the time. So when Moses is writing, it 551 00:32:31,200 --> 00:32:37,520 S5: was typical to not honor your enemies by using their 552 00:32:37,520 --> 00:32:40,400 S5: personal names. And so we see all throughout the books 553 00:32:40,400 --> 00:32:44,720 S5: of Moses, it's just Pharaoh and king of Egypt, and 554 00:32:44,720 --> 00:32:49,320 S5: we don't actually get the personal name of any pharaoh 555 00:32:49,360 --> 00:32:53,200 S5: until we get to Shishak or Shoshenq. Uh, we have 556 00:32:53,240 --> 00:32:57,920 S5: we have a couple of princesses, daughters of Pharaoh. Uh oh. Actually, 557 00:32:57,960 --> 00:33:00,000 S5: I should say one. And then we have a queen. 558 00:33:00,160 --> 00:33:03,760 S5: A wife of Pharaoh, uh, who is who's named, uh, 559 00:33:03,760 --> 00:33:07,680 S5: early on. But again, it's also after the time of Moses. 560 00:33:07,840 --> 00:33:10,440 S5: So I think it was that convention. But I do 561 00:33:10,440 --> 00:33:13,680 S5: think that we can identify that daughter of Pharaoh who 562 00:33:13,680 --> 00:33:17,680 S5: drew Moses out of the Nile based on the the 563 00:33:17,720 --> 00:33:21,040 S5: time period and the fact that the royal family at 564 00:33:21,080 --> 00:33:24,800 S5: that time only had one, one daughter who was alive 565 00:33:24,800 --> 00:33:26,280 S5: and who it could have been. 566 00:33:26,280 --> 00:33:27,280 S1: So who do you think it is? 567 00:33:27,960 --> 00:33:33,640 S5: Hatshepsut, who's quite famous for being this queen who proclaimed 568 00:33:33,640 --> 00:33:35,000 S5: herself Pharaoh? 569 00:33:35,240 --> 00:33:38,120 S1: Yeah, exactly. The only one which I think is very significant, 570 00:33:38,120 --> 00:33:40,520 S1: but doesn't I mean, this is I love the scriptures. 571 00:33:40,520 --> 00:33:42,320 S1: You just you read it and you just get to 572 00:33:42,360 --> 00:33:45,120 S1: dive deeper all the time. Moses is writing about the 573 00:33:45,120 --> 00:33:47,760 S1: woman who was adopted, who was his adoptive mother. Now 574 00:33:47,760 --> 00:33:50,280 S1: he was wet nursed by his own mom, right? For 575 00:33:50,320 --> 00:33:53,200 S1: the a typical till the age of three until he's weaned. 576 00:33:53,400 --> 00:33:56,400 S1: And then we don't know the hands on that he 577 00:33:56,800 --> 00:33:59,400 S1: would have had in terms of his daily raising, but 578 00:33:59,400 --> 00:34:03,000 S1: surely he was there from three we can presume forward 579 00:34:03,000 --> 00:34:07,450 S1: until things change. Uh, so the fact that he doesn't 580 00:34:07,450 --> 00:34:11,129 S1: mention this woman, does that speak? I understand the idea 581 00:34:11,130 --> 00:34:13,290 S1: that you don't write of your enemies, but was there 582 00:34:13,290 --> 00:34:16,969 S1: any attachment to her at all? Um, you know, she 583 00:34:16,969 --> 00:34:19,450 S1: calls him Moses because I drew you out of the water. 584 00:34:19,570 --> 00:34:22,609 S1: His mama didn't call him Moses. She did. So would 585 00:34:22,610 --> 00:34:25,290 S1: there not have been some kind of an attachment there 586 00:34:25,489 --> 00:34:28,690 S1: for his adoptive mom? I just I mean, these are people. 587 00:34:28,690 --> 00:34:31,209 S1: These are not black ink on white paper only. These 588 00:34:31,210 --> 00:34:35,450 S1: are 3D living, historical people. He didn't mention the name 589 00:34:35,450 --> 00:34:37,770 S1: of his adoptive mom. I find that interesting. 590 00:34:39,090 --> 00:34:43,370 S5: Yeah. Yeah, again, I just think he's. He's taking a 591 00:34:43,370 --> 00:34:46,489 S5: step back. And this is, uh, this is the official 592 00:34:46,489 --> 00:34:50,130 S5: record rather than his personal feelings. 593 00:34:50,130 --> 00:34:52,969 S1: Exactly right. Wow. Fascinating. All right, so let me go 594 00:34:52,969 --> 00:34:56,610 S1: to David because he's early on in the list of characters, uh, 595 00:34:56,610 --> 00:34:59,410 S1: as you do this chronologically. You know, it's interesting, I 596 00:34:59,410 --> 00:35:02,730 S1: just I'm I'm stupefied how people can say, well, there 597 00:35:02,730 --> 00:35:05,660 S1: was no reality for his existence at all. Titus, haven't 598 00:35:05,660 --> 00:35:09,379 S1: there been just a flurry of discoveries that validate David's existence? 599 00:35:10,780 --> 00:35:12,980 S5: Yeah, they have, but they've all come in the last 600 00:35:12,980 --> 00:35:17,020 S5: 30 years or so. That's that's why I mean, this 601 00:35:17,020 --> 00:35:22,780 S5: is such an interesting example because it shows how archaeological 602 00:35:22,780 --> 00:35:29,140 S5: discoveries can completely change the perspective on biblical characters or 603 00:35:29,180 --> 00:35:34,980 S5: events very rapidly. In the 1980s, the vast majority of 604 00:35:35,660 --> 00:35:39,940 S5: archaeologists and ancient historians would have said and did say 605 00:35:39,940 --> 00:35:44,939 S5: that David was a fictional or mythological character, because they 606 00:35:44,940 --> 00:35:49,300 S5: had no archaeological evidence for his existence and his reign. 607 00:35:49,300 --> 00:35:52,660 S5: And so they were thinking from the perspective of the 608 00:35:52,660 --> 00:35:56,700 S5: Bible is not a historical source that's trustworthy. So they 609 00:35:56,700 --> 00:36:01,660 S5: say we've got to have external evidence. But then in 1993, 610 00:36:01,700 --> 00:36:06,510 S5: all that changed. and since then there have been multiple discoveries. 611 00:36:06,830 --> 00:36:10,029 S1: Wow. Now that's a tease in my business, Titus. Let 612 00:36:10,030 --> 00:36:13,070 S1: me go back to 1993 when we come back, because, again, 613 00:36:13,110 --> 00:36:15,750 S1: this is pretty recent stuff, but it really, I think, 614 00:36:15,750 --> 00:36:18,630 S1: beyond a shadow of a doubt substantiates the historical figure, 615 00:36:18,670 --> 00:36:21,870 S1: King David of Israel, Doctor Titus Kennedy is with us. 616 00:36:21,870 --> 00:36:24,870 S1: It is an absolutely fascinating book and it is an 617 00:36:24,870 --> 00:36:27,310 S1: excellent resource book. If you're like me, you want to 618 00:36:27,350 --> 00:36:30,310 S1: build a legacy library that's got lots of great resource 619 00:36:30,350 --> 00:36:32,150 S1: books in it. This is one of them. Again, it's 620 00:36:32,150 --> 00:36:35,190 S1: called archaeology and the people of the Bible back after this. 621 00:36:55,390 --> 00:36:58,550 S1: Archaeology and the people of the Bible exploring the evidence 622 00:36:58,550 --> 00:37:01,710 S1: for the Historical Existence of Bible characters. Brand new book 623 00:37:01,950 --> 00:37:04,230 S1: by Doctor Titus Kennedy, who is a fellow at the 624 00:37:04,230 --> 00:37:08,870 S1: Discovery Center Center for Science and Culture. He's a field archaeologist. 625 00:37:08,910 --> 00:37:11,589 S1: He's been working primarily with sites and materials of the 626 00:37:11,590 --> 00:37:14,950 S1: ancient Near East and the Mediterranean world. So we're taking 627 00:37:14,989 --> 00:37:17,469 S1: he does the book in chronological order in terms of 628 00:37:17,469 --> 00:37:20,590 S1: characters where they're mentioned in Scripture. So it's Old Testament, 629 00:37:20,590 --> 00:37:24,110 S1: first New Testament, every single one gives you the name, 630 00:37:24,110 --> 00:37:26,910 S1: the time period, the geographical area, the biblical references, the 631 00:37:26,910 --> 00:37:30,310 S1: ancient sources and the identification rating. That means is this 632 00:37:30,310 --> 00:37:32,550 S1: firm or is this supposition, or is the evidence pointing 633 00:37:32,550 --> 00:37:35,589 S1: that way? Absolutely. Marvelous resource section. And so I'm looking 634 00:37:35,590 --> 00:37:38,149 S1: at the section right now on David. And you talked 635 00:37:38,150 --> 00:37:40,310 S1: about how the world really changed in terms of the 636 00:37:40,310 --> 00:37:45,029 S1: skepticism about the historicity of David in 1993. What was 637 00:37:45,030 --> 00:37:46,830 S1: the catalyst for that change? Titus. 638 00:37:47,910 --> 00:37:51,670 S5: There was an excavation at the site of Tel Dan, 639 00:37:51,670 --> 00:37:55,470 S5: north of Galilee. This was the ancient city of Dan, 640 00:37:55,469 --> 00:37:58,470 S5: and they were excavating in an area outside of the 641 00:37:58,469 --> 00:38:02,760 S5: gate in this plaza, and one of the large stones 642 00:38:02,760 --> 00:38:06,480 S5: they found had been reused, because on one side of 643 00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:11,040 S5: it was an Aramaic inscription. And they took a look 644 00:38:11,080 --> 00:38:14,560 S5: at this and translated it, and they found that this 645 00:38:14,560 --> 00:38:17,960 S5: had been a victory stele of the Arameans, that one 646 00:38:17,960 --> 00:38:21,200 S5: of the enemies of the northern Kingdom of Israel at 647 00:38:21,239 --> 00:38:24,520 S5: that time. This was dated to the ninth century BC, 648 00:38:25,280 --> 00:38:28,440 S5: and in it the king. This Aramean king talks about 649 00:38:28,440 --> 00:38:32,480 S5: how he had defeated his enemies, the kings of Judah 650 00:38:32,480 --> 00:38:35,960 S5: and Israel, and then he references that they are of 651 00:38:36,000 --> 00:38:40,640 S5: the House of David. And so suddenly we have not 652 00:38:40,640 --> 00:38:44,560 S5: only David's name given, but we have this phrase House 653 00:38:44,560 --> 00:38:48,080 S5: of David, which actually occurs in the Book of Samuel, 654 00:38:48,080 --> 00:38:52,440 S5: for example, and it refers to the dynasty of kings 655 00:38:52,440 --> 00:38:56,560 S5: that David started. And obviously we're talking about Israelite kings 656 00:38:56,560 --> 00:39:00,489 S5: here because he had just named some of them. And 657 00:39:01,090 --> 00:39:05,050 S5: this then completely changed things for so many scholars. There 658 00:39:05,050 --> 00:39:08,170 S5: were some who objected to it at first and then 659 00:39:08,410 --> 00:39:11,089 S5: came around, and there are some who have continued to 660 00:39:11,130 --> 00:39:14,850 S5: object to it. But but the vast majority accept this 661 00:39:14,850 --> 00:39:18,330 S5: as a reference to King David, and see that he 662 00:39:18,330 --> 00:39:24,810 S5: is corroborated by an archaeological inscription. Well, this discovery prompted 663 00:39:24,810 --> 00:39:28,689 S5: a reanalysis of the Mesha Stele, which is also from 664 00:39:28,690 --> 00:39:31,410 S5: the ninth century, also a victory stele of one of 665 00:39:31,410 --> 00:39:35,010 S5: the enemies of the Israelites. But the Moabites in this case, 666 00:39:35,370 --> 00:39:38,570 S5: and it also has this phrase the House of David 667 00:39:38,570 --> 00:39:43,130 S5: found on it, and subsequent to that, excavations in Jerusalem 668 00:39:43,170 --> 00:39:47,610 S5: uncovered what many would consider to be the Palace of David. 669 00:39:48,050 --> 00:39:50,930 S5: There's a little bit more scholarly division on this, but 670 00:39:50,930 --> 00:39:54,890 S5: there are many archaeologists who believe David's palace has been discovered. 671 00:39:55,290 --> 00:39:58,410 S5: And then after that, there have been some projects that 672 00:39:58,410 --> 00:40:02,169 S5: have looked at the wider Kingdom of David and all 673 00:40:02,170 --> 00:40:07,810 S5: these cities and fortress towns outside of Jerusalem, on the 674 00:40:07,810 --> 00:40:11,610 S5: border of what at the time was the united monarchy, 675 00:40:11,650 --> 00:40:14,450 S5: you know, up to the border of the Philistines, for example, 676 00:40:14,489 --> 00:40:17,250 S5: at Khirbet Qeiyafa. And this shows that there was there 677 00:40:17,250 --> 00:40:20,330 S5: was a government, it was a kingdom. It was not 678 00:40:20,330 --> 00:40:26,450 S5: just a little tribal chiefdom centered in the Jerusalem periphery. 679 00:40:26,450 --> 00:40:29,089 S5: But it is fitting of the description that we read 680 00:40:29,090 --> 00:40:31,450 S5: about in the Bible for the Kingdom of David. 681 00:40:32,050 --> 00:40:34,730 S1: Wow. Um, you answered the question in the book, but 682 00:40:34,730 --> 00:40:36,129 S1: I'm going to ask it for my friends who don't 683 00:40:36,130 --> 00:40:38,850 S1: yet have a copy of the book. So in the 684 00:40:38,850 --> 00:40:43,210 S1: secular world, the sort of, um, belief in David as 685 00:40:43,210 --> 00:40:46,410 S1: a mythical character has been pretty eradicated, has it not? 686 00:40:46,450 --> 00:40:49,770 S1: Is it now generally accepted, even in the secular world, 687 00:40:49,770 --> 00:40:52,650 S1: that he has been substantiated historically? 688 00:40:53,290 --> 00:40:58,020 S5: Yes, it is, except for a few scholars who interpret 689 00:40:58,060 --> 00:41:01,100 S5: it differently or just refuse to acknowledge it. 690 00:41:01,780 --> 00:41:04,020 S1: Their own bias comes to bear on this. Get that 691 00:41:04,060 --> 00:41:06,900 S1: you you talk about in the book that, um, perhaps 692 00:41:06,900 --> 00:41:09,980 S1: even his tomb has been substantiated. What do we know 693 00:41:09,980 --> 00:41:10,700 S1: about that? 694 00:41:11,980 --> 00:41:16,299 S5: So there are two monumental rock cut tombs in the 695 00:41:16,300 --> 00:41:19,259 S5: city of David. So these would be south of the 696 00:41:19,260 --> 00:41:25,060 S5: palace area? Uh, they are very large and impressive. Of course, 697 00:41:25,060 --> 00:41:27,460 S5: they would have been a lot more impressive in ancient 698 00:41:27,460 --> 00:41:31,980 S5: times before they were completely looted. But we do have 699 00:41:32,260 --> 00:41:35,860 S5: some reason to believe those would be the tombs of 700 00:41:35,980 --> 00:41:41,779 S5: David and Solomon. Uh, unfortunately, these were looted long time 701 00:41:41,780 --> 00:41:48,940 S5: ago in antiquity. Uh, probably no later than the time 702 00:41:48,980 --> 00:41:53,340 S5: of the Hasmoneans in the second century BC. Because, according 703 00:41:53,380 --> 00:41:58,109 S5: to Josephus, Herod the Great had wanted to loot the 704 00:41:58,110 --> 00:42:00,670 S5: tomb of David, and then he went in there and 705 00:42:00,670 --> 00:42:03,750 S5: he saw it had already been robbed out, supposedly by 706 00:42:04,030 --> 00:42:08,790 S5: by this earlier Hasmonean king, John Hyrcanus. So there was 707 00:42:08,790 --> 00:42:12,189 S5: something in there in ancient times, they seems like they 708 00:42:12,190 --> 00:42:15,110 S5: believed that it was the tomb of David back then, 709 00:42:15,670 --> 00:42:19,270 S5: and we could see archaeologically, and it fits what we 710 00:42:19,270 --> 00:42:22,989 S5: would expect for the tombs of David and Solomon in 711 00:42:23,030 --> 00:42:24,150 S5: that city of David. 712 00:42:24,469 --> 00:42:27,790 S1: Wow. Fascinating. I could linger on every one of these, 713 00:42:27,790 --> 00:42:29,270 S1: and I want to give my friends just a little 714 00:42:29,270 --> 00:42:33,110 S1: taste of the New Testament. Uh, again, I keep using 715 00:42:33,110 --> 00:42:35,030 S1: the word because I can't think of a better one. 716 00:42:35,310 --> 00:42:38,469 S1: One of my favorite passages in Scripture is in acts eight. 717 00:42:38,469 --> 00:42:41,270 S1: I adore the story of Philip and the Ethiopian eunuch 718 00:42:41,270 --> 00:42:42,989 S1: for a myriad of reasons, but we know that the 719 00:42:42,989 --> 00:42:47,029 S1: Ethiopian eunuch served Queen Candace, and he had come to 720 00:42:47,070 --> 00:42:50,469 S1: make a pilgrimage to Jerusalem. Talk to me about her. 721 00:42:50,469 --> 00:42:53,240 S1: And you've got this rated as a B, which is probable, 722 00:42:53,880 --> 00:42:56,879 S1: but even the name Candace, you start to tell us, 723 00:42:56,920 --> 00:42:59,000 S1: is a little bit different. It's kind of a reference. 724 00:42:59,040 --> 00:43:01,320 S1: It's not a name, it's a reference to her position 725 00:43:01,320 --> 00:43:02,920 S1: as a queen. Talk to me about this. 726 00:43:03,840 --> 00:43:07,560 S5: Yeah. So this this is her her title for the 727 00:43:07,560 --> 00:43:11,560 S5: kingdom of Meroe. Kandake. So that was the Queen. And 728 00:43:11,560 --> 00:43:14,800 S5: the reason that this is probable is we don't have 729 00:43:15,080 --> 00:43:18,160 S5: her personal name. We have her throne name or her 730 00:43:18,160 --> 00:43:23,799 S5: title here. But because this particular queen Amanitore, ruled for 731 00:43:23,800 --> 00:43:27,680 S5: so long around this period, it would be very hard 732 00:43:27,960 --> 00:43:30,520 S5: for us to get get it wrong. Who this is 733 00:43:30,520 --> 00:43:35,000 S5: referring to. But, uh, we have so many monuments of 734 00:43:35,000 --> 00:43:38,080 S5: hers from the kingdom of Meroe and what is now Sudan. 735 00:43:38,600 --> 00:43:40,520 S1: Well, and you've got pictures of this in the book. 736 00:43:40,520 --> 00:43:42,960 S1: So when I read that scripture again and I say 737 00:43:42,960 --> 00:43:47,320 S1: it out loud, I shouldn't call her Candace. It's Kandake instead. Correct? 738 00:43:47,960 --> 00:43:48,600 S5: Right? 739 00:43:48,600 --> 00:43:52,319 S1: Wow. How cool. So there's so much in this book 740 00:43:52,320 --> 00:43:54,960 S1: that just will change your reading of the Bible. Titus. 741 00:43:54,960 --> 00:43:57,320 S1: It went far too quickly, I tell you. It's just 742 00:43:57,320 --> 00:43:59,239 S1: a fabulous book. I couldn't wait to talk to you 743 00:43:59,239 --> 00:44:01,920 S1: about it. Uh, tell me before we go. And a 744 00:44:01,920 --> 00:44:04,399 S1: conversation that's memorable and gone by far too quickly. What's 745 00:44:04,400 --> 00:44:06,200 S1: your next dig? Where are you going next? 746 00:44:07,440 --> 00:44:10,160 S5: Well, hopefully back to Zohar and Jordan. 747 00:44:10,520 --> 00:44:14,040 S1: In Jordan. Wow. Well, traveling mercies to you. And, uh, 748 00:44:14,040 --> 00:44:16,640 S1: I'm jealous. And I hope you have a very fruitful 749 00:44:16,680 --> 00:44:20,200 S1: time doing some digs around there. Thank you for doing this. Because, 750 00:44:20,239 --> 00:44:23,240 S1: you know, the gospel changes everything. And we can believe 751 00:44:23,239 --> 00:44:27,120 S1: the historicity of the scriptures. And archaeology, I think, is 752 00:44:27,120 --> 00:44:29,600 S1: a wonderful way. God just tells us and tells us 753 00:44:29,600 --> 00:44:31,439 S1: and tells us again. So we can't say we ain't 754 00:44:31,440 --> 00:44:35,920 S1: been told so. Archaeology affirms so much of the valid history, 755 00:44:35,960 --> 00:44:39,160 S1: not the mythology. There is no mythology there. The valid 756 00:44:39,160 --> 00:44:42,080 S1: history of the scriptures. And your book will go far 757 00:44:42,080 --> 00:44:45,840 S1: in opening our eyes as we read with those those perspectives. 758 00:44:45,840 --> 00:44:48,040 S1: Thank you Titus. Thank you friends. We'll see you next 759 00:44:48,040 --> 00:44:50,080 S1: time on In the Market with Janet Parshall.