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Speaker 1: Welcome to Get Connected with Nina del Rio, a weekly

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Speaker 1: conversation about fitness, health and happenings in our community on

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Speaker 1: one oh six point seven light FM.

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Speaker 2: Thanks for listening to Get Connected. Perhaps you weren't aware

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Speaker 2: the fastest growing brain disease in the world is almost

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Speaker 2: entirely preventable, So why are cases of Parkinson's disease skyrocketing?

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Speaker 2: In the Parkinson's plan, Leading neurologists doctor Ray Dorsey and

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Speaker 2: doctor Michael Oakan explore how chemicals, including those banned in

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Speaker 2: dozens of countries but still used widely in the States,

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Speaker 2: are fueling a hidden Parkinson's epidemic. Our guests are doctor

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Speaker 2: Ray Dorsey and doctor Michael Oakin. Thank you for being

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Speaker 2: on the show.

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Speaker 3: Thank you for sharing us.

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Speaker 2: Doctor Ray Dorsey is director of the Center for the

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Speaker 2: Brain and Environment ATRIA Health and Research Institute in New

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Speaker 2: York City, and doctor Michael Oakin is director of the

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Speaker 2: Norman Fixedel Institute for Neurological Diseases at the University of

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Speaker 2: Florida Health. Just to kind of set a baseline for

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Speaker 2: what we're talking about, what is Parkinson's disease and what

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Speaker 2: is going on with the body and brain?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, So Parkinson's disease, it is a considered a brain disorder,

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Speaker 4: but one of the things, Nina, that you may find

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Speaker 4: interesting is it isn't just the brain. So we think

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Speaker 4: about it in very simple terms as these cells that

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Speaker 4: are dying that have this chemical called dopamine that we've

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Speaker 4: all heard of that helps us with movement, it helps

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Speaker 4: us with emotion and mood and learning, so really important chemical.

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Speaker 4: And then as that chemical goes down or it becomes deficient,

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Speaker 4: you develop symptoms of Parkinson's. But actually there are other

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Speaker 4: circuits in the brain that are affected, and we're now

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Speaker 4: finding evidence of parkinson in the skin and other organs,

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Speaker 4: in the gastrointestinal tracks, so in your gut, and so

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Speaker 4: we're learning that parkinson is a whole body disease, not

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Speaker 4: just a brain disease. And the symptoms that people need

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Speaker 4: to be aware of are things like tremor, stiffness and

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Speaker 4: slowness and kind of a shuffling, you know, gate meaning

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Speaker 4: you're walking, you're taking little short steps. But some of

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Speaker 4: the most disabling features are what we call non motor features,

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Speaker 4: so things like depression, anxiety, apathy.

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Speaker 2: Parkinson's can run in families. But what is the balance

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Speaker 2: between hereditary and environmental factors raising someone's risk.

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Speaker 3: There was a great study done by the Parkinson's Foundation

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Speaker 3: called PD Generation and they sought to answer exactly this question,

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Speaker 3: and so they offered free genetic counseling and genetic testing

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Speaker 3: to thousands of individuals with Parkins disease in the US.

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Speaker 3: And after the first eight thousand individuals, they found that

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Speaker 3: twelve and a half percent of Americans with parkinson disease

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Speaker 3: carry a genetic cause or genetic risk craft for the disease.

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Speaker 3: Said another way, eighty seven percent of Americans, the vast

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Speaker 3: majority of Americans with Parkinson disease do not carry any

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Speaker 3: known genetic cause or genetic risk fact for the disease.

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Speaker 3: For these individuals and even for some with genetic cause,

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Speaker 3: that answered the life not within us, but outside of us.

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Speaker 3: Chemicals in our environment are fueling the rise of this disease.

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Speaker 2: It is a very scary thought when you put it

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Speaker 2: that way. New research shows ninety thousand Americans are diagnosed

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Speaker 2: each year with Parkinson's, fifty percent more than originally thought.

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Speaker 2: And let's talk about some of the chemical causes. We'll

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Speaker 2: start with PARKUOT, which is commonly used as an herbicide

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Speaker 2: in the US. You have a map in the book.

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Speaker 2: It's pretty much everywhere. It's a weed killer. It's in orchards, roadsides,

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Speaker 2: animal crops. How is it connected to Parkinson's So?

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Speaker 3: Paraquat is a commonly used weed killer sprayed throughout the

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Speaker 3: United States on corn, soyed beans, vineyards, and cotton fields.

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Speaker 3: It's so toxic it's been used to commit homicide and suicide.

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Speaker 3: Research shows that in humans, farmers who use the chemical

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Speaker 3: have one hundred and fifty percent increased risk of developing

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Speaker 3: Parkinson disease. People who simply live or work near where

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Speaker 3: it's sprayed have a doubling of the risk of Parkinson disease.

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Speaker 3: In the laboratory, paraquot reproduces the features of parkins ze,

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Speaker 3: including tremor and laboratory animals. Over fifty countries, including China,

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Speaker 3: have banned the chemical, but the United States has not.

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Speaker 3: In fact, you use a paraquat in the United States

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Speaker 3: for the last five years which data are available, has doubled.

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Speaker 3: So over fifty countries have banned this chemical, but we

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Speaker 3: continue to spray it, including on fields in New York City,

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Speaker 3: including in vineyards that have been to vineyards in upstate

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Speaker 3: New York that are still using paraquat and the farmers

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Speaker 3: largely don't even know about the risks.

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Speaker 2: So I went to the CDC website before our conversation.

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Speaker 2: There's no mention of Parkinson's at all. It is used

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Speaker 2: very widely. It's under a bunch of different brand names.

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Speaker 2: Perhaps you're talking about in the book you mentioned. Hebron,

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Speaker 2: New York, there were eleven farmers in a town of

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Speaker 2: eighteen hundred who were diagnosed with Parkins's. As of twenty

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Speaker 2: twenty four, countless farmers have sued the manufacturers. What has

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Speaker 2: been the result of that and the farming industry's awareness,

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Speaker 2: How have they changed practices where they are aware it's still.

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Speaker 3: Been used as being used in increasing amounts. We stand

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Speaker 3: alone in this. China, as I mentioned, has banned it.

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Speaker 3: England bans its use but exports it to Brazil, Mexico,

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Speaker 3: and the United States. There's no reason for this. The

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Speaker 3: EPA's own website says, one sip can kill and the

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Speaker 3: failure to do this is just letting the seeds of

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Speaker 3: future cases of Parkinson's disease to be planted every day

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Speaker 3: in New York and across the country.

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Speaker 2: If you watch cable. You've undoubtedly seen ads for the

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Speaker 2: Camp Lajune lawsuits. Let's talk about water contamination there.

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Speaker 3: So Camp Lajeene's a marine base in North Carolina, and

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Speaker 3: the water supply for Camp la June from nineteen fifty

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Speaker 3: three nineteen eighty seven was contaminated with a very simple

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Speaker 3: molecule called trichloroethylene. Your listeners know that water is made

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Speaker 3: up of three atoms H two O. Trichloresthlinge is made

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Speaker 3: up of a wopping six atoms, and it's widely used

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Speaker 3: to decrease tanks, for example, and it's widely used to

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Speaker 3: dry clean clothes. So marine officers on the base need

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Speaker 3: to get their uniforms dry clean, and so they went

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Speaker 3: to dry cleaners that inappropriately disposed of their dry cleaning chemical,

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Speaker 3: which contaminate the water. Our colleagues, doctor Caroline Tanner and

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Speaker 3: Sam Goldman at University of California and San Francisco studied

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Speaker 3: these marines and found that marines who on average were

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Speaker 3: twenty years old, generally healthy, and only at the base

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Speaker 3: for two years thirty three years later had a seventy

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Speaker 3: percent increased risk of developing Parkinson disease. Marines who served

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Speaker 3: at a contaminated base when there were young men thirty

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Speaker 3: three years later have a seventy percent increased risk of

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Speaker 3: developing Parkinson disease. The same researchers had previously shown in

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Speaker 3: a twin study that the risk of Parkinson disease among

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Speaker 3: people who have used that chemical and hobby or work

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Speaker 3: is five hundred percent increased, and research done by doctor

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Speaker 3: Brimma de Miranda and others have shown that in the

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Speaker 3: laboratory that chemical reproduces the features of Parkinson disease.

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Speaker 2: TCE and PCE. You talk about it extensively in the

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Speaker 2: They're used in dry cleaning, as you mentioned. Do they

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Speaker 2: contaminate the air or water or both?

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Speaker 3: They contaminate both, So up to thirty percent of ground

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Speaker 3: where the United States has been contaminating with trichloroethylene and then,

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Speaker 3: like radon, which many of your listeners know, can evaporate

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Speaker 3: from contaminated soil and enter people's homes and workplaces and

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Speaker 3: cause lung cancer, TCE can evaporate from dry cleaning sites

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Speaker 3: and contaminated sites and cause cancer and likely Parkinson disease.

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Speaker 3: I'll give you two New York examples. Many New York

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Speaker 3: City high rises have apartment buildings have dry cleaners on

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Speaker 3: the ground floor, and research done by the New York

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Speaker 3: Department Environmental Conservation found, i think in twenty four of

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Speaker 3: twenty seven apartments above a dry cleaner, they found toxic

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Speaker 3: levels of that dry cleaning chemical in the indoor air

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Speaker 3: of the apartments. Even more concerning because the chemical dissolves.

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Speaker 3: In fact, when they opened the refrigerator in those apartments,

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Speaker 3: they found the chemical in the in the butter and

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Speaker 3: the cheese in the refrigerator. And still today sixty percent

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Speaker 3: of dry cleaners in the United States and probably in

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Speaker 3: New York City are still using this chemical. So if

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Speaker 3: you're listening, use a green dry clean that does not

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Speaker 3: use per chlorethylene or perk. Second example is guanas Canal

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Speaker 3: in Brooklyn, which is also contaminated with trichloroethylene, and there

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Speaker 3: are homes up up to half million people in guanas

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Speaker 3: Canal are potentially affected by a contaminated site there in

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Speaker 3: Guanas Canal in Brooklyn, and there are homes and workplaces

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Speaker 3: that have high levels elevated unsafe levels of trichloroethylene or

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Speaker 3: perchloroethylene in in their indoor air and people are breathing

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Speaker 3: in this chemical, you know, on a daily basis.

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Speaker 2: At the end of the book, you present a number

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Speaker 2: of actions to lower our risk of the disease or

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Speaker 2: slow progression. We'll talk about those in a moment. Let

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Speaker 2: me remind everyone who we're speaking with. We're speaking with

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Speaker 2: neurologists doctor Ray Dorsey and doctor Michael Oakan, co authors

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Speaker 2: of the book The Parkinson's Plan, A New Path to

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Speaker 2: Prevention and Treatment. They're also the co authors of Ending

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Speaker 2: Parkinson's Disease. You're listening to get connected on one oh

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Speaker 2: six point seven light FM. I'm Nina del Rio. In

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Speaker 2: the list of the actions you present, you talk about

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Speaker 2: water purifiers, air purifiers. I happen to live in a

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Speaker 2: town where we have water purifiers because of dry cleaners

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Speaker 2: and all that kind of stuff. What are we looking

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Speaker 2: for when it comes to the air purifiers and water purefiers.

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Speaker 2: What actually removes PCE and TCE or prevents it from

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Speaker 2: getting into the drinking water.

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Speaker 3: So there are simple water purefires carbon filters that you

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Speaker 3: can buy in your grocery store. Some going to the

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Speaker 3: name brain names pure BREDA. We're not endorsing any and

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Speaker 3: they can help remove some of these chemicals, and then

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Speaker 3: air purefiers can also help reduce exposure. Now, if you're

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Speaker 3: living in an apartment above a dry cleaner, or you're

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Speaker 3: living in Goana's canal, these air purifiers may not be enough,

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Speaker 3: and you may want to have your indoor air tested,

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Speaker 3: But if you want to reduce your exposure to like

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Speaker 3: particular matter ambient outdoor air pollution, these air purifiers are

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Speaker 3: a good step. I keep one in my living room

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Speaker 3: at home, in one in our bedroom.

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Speaker 2: Before we talk about other ways to lessen our exposure.

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Speaker 2: Not every person who's exposed to Parkinson's causing chemicals will

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Speaker 2: develop the disease, so what do we know about people

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Speaker 2: who are more likely to be diagnosed?

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Speaker 3: So only ten percent of smokers develop lung cancer, so

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Speaker 3: we know there have to be other risk factors that

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Speaker 3: explain why some people get the disease and why some don't.

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Speaker 3: In the book, we highlight three things exposure, interactions and modifiers. Exposure,

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Speaker 3: what's your dose of exposure, duration of exposure, routive exposure,

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Speaker 3: I think inhalation might be more the most disabling or

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Speaker 3: most concerning, And when were you exposed? And it turns

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Speaker 3: out that people expose as young children. Potentially even when

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Speaker 3: they're in utero, the seeds of the disease could be

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Speaker 3: planted that early and might be more dangerous. Then we

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Speaker 3: look at the interactions where the interactions with the genes.

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Speaker 3: So we know about twelve and a half percent of

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Speaker 3: Americans carry a genetic risk factor, and turns out some

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Speaker 3: of those genes, including a genetic risk factor called GBA,

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Speaker 3: have harmful interactions with pesticides, making individuals who are exposed

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Speaker 3: to that genetic call genetic risk factor GBA, which is

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Speaker 3: actually quite common among Ashkenazi Jewish populations in New York

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Speaker 3: be especially susceptible to the toxic effects of pesticides. And

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Speaker 3: then there's interactions with the environment like head trauma, and

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Speaker 3: then sometimes there's chance or bad luck, and then we

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Speaker 3: can look at modifiers age and other diseases.

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Speaker 2: Since you mentioned childhood, what should you be aware of

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Speaker 2: at your child's school?

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Speaker 3: There are a few things you should be concerned about. One,

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Speaker 3: we spray pesticides on kids' schools and playgrounds. In the book,

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Speaker 3: we highlight that needs to stop. I think we can

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Speaker 3: all agree that kids, kids, playgrounds, and schools can do

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Speaker 3: without pesticides. There are better ways to do this than

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Speaker 3: spraying nerve toxins that could be contributing to part and

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Speaker 3: disease could be constubed. Intellectual disabilities can be contributed to autism,

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Speaker 3: could be contributing to cancer. Second, you want to make

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Speaker 3: sure your school children's school is not near one of

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Speaker 3: these contaminated sites. It's not in Brooklyn near Guwana's Canal.

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Speaker 3: There are dozens of contaminated TCE contaminated sites in Long Island.

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Speaker 3: For example, there was a major aerospace facility news Day

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Speaker 3: reported on that has a two by four mile plume

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Speaker 3: underground river of trichloroethylene. You want to make sure your

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Speaker 3: children are not going to school there. And then, if

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Speaker 3: you live in more rural areas, you want to make

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Speaker 3: sure your children's school is not near farms where pesticides

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Speaker 3: are sprayed. As I mentioned earlier, simply living or working

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Speaker 3: near where paraquad is sprayed is associated with a doubling

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Speaker 3: of your risk at Parkinson disease. And then one more

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Speaker 3: for New York City is avoiding you know, schools near

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Speaker 3: highways maybe increase exposure to particulate matter, little pieces of

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Speaker 3: dirt and soot that are in the air. These This

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Speaker 3: particular matter is increasingly associated with Parkins's and even much

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Speaker 3: more associated with dementia in Alzheimer's disease.

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Speaker 2: We just have a couple of minutes left. I think

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Speaker 2: the good news is that Parkinson's is a treatable disease.

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Speaker 2: To what extent is the balance of lifestyle practices such

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Speaker 2: as diet and exercise with drugs and other therapies. To

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Speaker 2: what extent can you lessen the symptoms? Can you keep

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Speaker 2: the symptoms from advancing.

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Speaker 4: So one of the myths, Nina, of parkinson disease is

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Speaker 4: that it's not treatable. And one of the messages that

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Speaker 4: we want to get give to everyone who's listening is

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Speaker 4: this is actually quite a treatable disease. We need to

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Speaker 4: change the way that we're diagnosing it because a lot

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Speaker 4: of folks when they hear those words you have Parkinson's disease,

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Speaker 4: they assume it means Alzheimer's disease. It's not Alzheimer's, And

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Speaker 4: in fact, we have lots of drugs, we have lots

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Speaker 4: of behavioral therapies, we even have really cool surgical therapies.

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Speaker 4: And then in our new book, The Parkinson Plan, we

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Speaker 4: talk about the navigation of new therapies, and so there's short, medium,

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Speaker 4: and long term, you know therapies, and people should know

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Speaker 4: gene editing, you know, gene therapy is neuromodulation, you know, medicine.

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Speaker 4: It's all coming and we're we're pretty excited about where

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Speaker 4: the future is going. But you should definitely see someone

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Speaker 4: be identified as somebody with parkinson disease. Twenty five percent

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Speaker 4: of people live, you know, with stigma. They shouldn't shouldn't

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Speaker 4: have to live that way. Shouldn't be hiding their diagnosis.

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Speaker 4: Get somebody who's interested in your care because there's so

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Speaker 4: much we can do to treat you.

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Speaker 2: There's also so much more in the book The Parkinson's

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Speaker 2: Plan by doctor Ray Dorsey and doctor Michael Oakin. Thank

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Speaker 2: you for being on to Get Connected.

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Speaker 3: Thank you.

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Speaker 1: This has been Get Connected with Nina del Rio on

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Speaker 1: one oh six point seven light Fm. The views and

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Speaker 1: opinions of our guests do not necessarily reflect the views

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Speaker 1: of the station. If you missed any part of our

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Speaker 1: show or want to share it, visit our website. We're

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Speaker 1: downloads and podcasts at one oh six to seven lightfm

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Speaker 1: dot com. Thanks for listen. A name

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Speaker 3: H.