1 00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:04,760 Speaker 1: It's Night's Eyes with Dan ray On, Gelloging Beasy Boston's 2 00:00:04,840 --> 00:00:07,920 Speaker 1: News Radio, Indeed Nights Your Dad, Ray Bradley, Jay Dare, 3 00:00:07,920 --> 00:00:11,080 Speaker 1: and Tonight Hope you had a good holiday season. I 4 00:00:11,080 --> 00:00:13,880 Speaker 1: guess it's still kind of holiday eScout there. It feels 5 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:18,040 Speaker 1: like it. We uh, We have three guests tonight, and 6 00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:20,639 Speaker 1: I think you're gonna love them all. And then in 7 00:00:20,680 --> 00:00:24,120 Speaker 1: the last hour of the final hour of the eleventh hour, no, yeah, 8 00:00:24,200 --> 00:00:27,480 Speaker 1: the eleventh hour or our fourth hour, I think I'm 9 00:00:27,520 --> 00:00:32,480 Speaker 1: gonna share with you the details of my ride share 10 00:00:33,479 --> 00:00:35,519 Speaker 1: ride home last night. Usually I take the tea. I 11 00:00:35,560 --> 00:00:38,160 Speaker 1: love the tea. I'm a big tea lover. So cold 12 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:41,560 Speaker 1: last night I thought I'm gonna treat myself. It was 13 00:00:41,600 --> 00:00:46,800 Speaker 1: a mistake. It was awful and and and trust me, 14 00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:49,080 Speaker 1: I'm gonna give you so much, so many details on 15 00:00:49,120 --> 00:00:51,159 Speaker 1: this that you're gonna feel like you're with me and 16 00:00:51,200 --> 00:00:56,240 Speaker 1: you're gonna say what what was going on there? But 17 00:00:56,320 --> 00:00:57,960 Speaker 1: that's then. This is now. In the first up, we 18 00:00:57,960 --> 00:01:01,640 Speaker 1: have Kelly Leonard. I spend a lot of time on YouTube, 19 00:01:02,080 --> 00:01:08,600 Speaker 1: a lot of time learning about history and philosophy and biographies, 20 00:01:08,920 --> 00:01:12,360 Speaker 1: and I started that during the pandemic, and now I 21 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:15,200 Speaker 1: continue it. I'll put on something long to go to 22 00:01:15,240 --> 00:01:18,080 Speaker 1: sleep too, So I'm learning something hopefully even when I'm 23 00:01:18,120 --> 00:01:22,160 Speaker 1: sleeping and I'm cruising around on TikTok, and every once 24 00:01:22,520 --> 00:01:26,080 Speaker 1: in a while you see something that you think that 25 00:01:26,200 --> 00:01:30,199 Speaker 1: I think, gee whiz, these people should be a guest 26 00:01:30,520 --> 00:01:32,920 Speaker 1: on night Side. And that's the case tonight we have 27 00:01:33,040 --> 00:01:37,920 Speaker 1: Kelly Leonard of the Boston History Company. Did I get 28 00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:40,759 Speaker 1: that right? Thank God? Wouldn't imagine if you came here 29 00:01:40,760 --> 00:01:43,600 Speaker 1: and I got it wrong, you would storm out and 30 00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:45,000 Speaker 1: it would all have been a waste of time. 31 00:01:45,760 --> 00:01:46,760 Speaker 2: No, certainly not. 32 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:52,640 Speaker 1: And the deal with y'all is that you think tend 33 00:01:52,640 --> 00:02:01,160 Speaker 1: to have a more niched information packet than many history sources. 34 00:02:01,960 --> 00:02:04,560 Speaker 1: A lot of folks give you the broad Strokes, the 35 00:02:04,560 --> 00:02:09,560 Speaker 1: Freedom Trail, the North Church, the South Church. But the 36 00:02:09,639 --> 00:02:16,639 Speaker 1: thing that interested me about you, plural was how detailed 37 00:02:16,639 --> 00:02:18,200 Speaker 1: it got, and you were telling me things that I 38 00:02:18,240 --> 00:02:21,200 Speaker 1: didn't know. And I talk about history a lot. Someone 39 00:02:21,240 --> 00:02:24,399 Speaker 1: you know slightly, Bob Allison, is a regular guest here. 40 00:02:24,639 --> 00:02:27,679 Speaker 1: He is very involved with the Constitution and the Revolution. 41 00:02:29,400 --> 00:02:32,080 Speaker 1: And I'd like to first find out a little bit 42 00:02:32,120 --> 00:02:34,880 Speaker 1: about what makes your company to How You Got Different? 43 00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:39,480 Speaker 1: That you're founder is named Daniel. 44 00:02:39,160 --> 00:02:40,960 Speaker 2: Right, Yes, Daniel Berger Jones. 45 00:02:41,520 --> 00:02:46,000 Speaker 1: Daniel Berger Jones, and and he is just a high 46 00:02:46,160 --> 00:02:49,320 Speaker 1: energy person who really digs digs digs into the history. 47 00:02:49,960 --> 00:02:52,640 Speaker 1: What can you tell me about him and how he 48 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:53,280 Speaker 1: got that way? 49 00:02:54,200 --> 00:02:59,880 Speaker 2: Daniel, to my knowledge, has always been an insatiably curious person. 50 00:03:00,680 --> 00:03:05,760 Speaker 2: So when he moved here to Boston for his undergraduate degree, 51 00:03:06,200 --> 00:03:08,839 Speaker 2: he was pursuing a degree in theater, which he has. 52 00:03:09,760 --> 00:03:12,800 Speaker 2: He's a fabulous performer, but he started working on the 53 00:03:12,800 --> 00:03:14,840 Speaker 2: Freedom Trail and really fell in love with it. 54 00:03:14,919 --> 00:03:16,080 Speaker 1: What did he do on the Freedom Trail? 55 00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:18,000 Speaker 2: He was an interpreter on the Freedom Trail for a 56 00:03:18,040 --> 00:03:18,560 Speaker 2: number of years. 57 00:03:18,639 --> 00:03:21,320 Speaker 1: Yeah, and a role if you will. 58 00:03:21,320 --> 00:03:24,000 Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, a costumed tour guide on the Freedom Trail. 59 00:03:24,160 --> 00:03:27,959 Speaker 2: Oh yeah, and he really fell in love with that. 60 00:03:28,160 --> 00:03:32,520 Speaker 2: He ended up getting really curious about just the history 61 00:03:32,680 --> 00:03:37,280 Speaker 2: in Cambridge, especially around Harvard University Harvard Square, and he 62 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:40,680 Speaker 2: and another Freedom Trail tour guide went in together to 63 00:03:40,840 --> 00:03:45,760 Speaker 2: found what was originally Cambridge Historical Tours, which is the 64 00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:48,840 Speaker 2: nonprofit that we are still. We've changed our name since 65 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:52,880 Speaker 2: to Boston History Company to kind of broaden the scope 66 00:03:53,680 --> 00:03:54,520 Speaker 2: when people sort of. 67 00:03:54,480 --> 00:03:58,120 Speaker 1: First right, want to just do Cambridge, but you know 68 00:03:58,160 --> 00:03:58,960 Speaker 1: a lot about. 69 00:03:59,160 --> 00:04:01,600 Speaker 2: We do Square, and we do spend a lot of 70 00:04:01,600 --> 00:04:04,080 Speaker 2: time talking about Harvard Square. Still we still do a 71 00:04:04,120 --> 00:04:08,360 Speaker 2: lot of tours at Harvard University, the Natural History Museum, 72 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:11,840 Speaker 2: the Art Museum. We love the area. It's really fabulous. 73 00:04:11,960 --> 00:04:14,839 Speaker 1: So anyone can go on these tours. Yep, even though 74 00:04:14,840 --> 00:04:16,800 Speaker 1: they are at Harvard University. You don't have to be. 75 00:04:18,160 --> 00:04:19,880 Speaker 2: Oh no, you don't have to be a student, or. 76 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:23,520 Speaker 1: You're kind of associated with them in that they you're sanctioned. 77 00:04:24,680 --> 00:04:26,440 Speaker 2: Yes, we're an approved herd. 78 00:04:26,680 --> 00:04:27,400 Speaker 1: Know you're there. 79 00:04:27,480 --> 00:04:28,480 Speaker 2: Yeah, they are aware. 80 00:04:28,960 --> 00:04:31,240 Speaker 1: Ye're going to come up and go who are you? People? 81 00:04:33,080 --> 00:04:36,200 Speaker 2: Generally not once a year we have a tour guide 82 00:04:36,240 --> 00:04:39,200 Speaker 2: forget to bring their pass and has to explain it 83 00:04:39,240 --> 00:04:40,080 Speaker 2: to a security guard. 84 00:04:40,160 --> 00:04:42,680 Speaker 1: What do you have to do? What kind of hoops 85 00:04:42,680 --> 00:04:44,200 Speaker 1: do you have to jump through to be a tour. 86 00:04:44,040 --> 00:04:50,360 Speaker 2: Guide for It varies from company to company. We really 87 00:04:50,400 --> 00:04:54,400 Speaker 2: look for people who are curious and who are engaging 88 00:04:55,080 --> 00:04:56,880 Speaker 2: when we meet them. That's the big thing for us. 89 00:04:56,960 --> 00:04:58,560 Speaker 2: We can teach you the history, we can teach you 90 00:04:58,600 --> 00:05:03,039 Speaker 2: the information. But if folks aren't, yeah, if they're not 91 00:05:03,120 --> 00:05:06,200 Speaker 2: gregarious or if they're not excited about it, that kind 92 00:05:06,200 --> 00:05:08,760 Speaker 2: of rubs off on the people that they're taking that 93 00:05:08,760 --> 00:05:10,120 Speaker 2: they're giving the tour too, if. 94 00:05:10,040 --> 00:05:14,840 Speaker 1: They're just kind of slouchy. And Yeah, and also I 95 00:05:14,920 --> 00:05:17,680 Speaker 1: learned this the hard way one time in my life. 96 00:05:17,680 --> 00:05:20,400 Speaker 1: I was thinking about being a Boston Harbor tour kay 97 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:23,560 Speaker 1: and I went around a couple of times, and I 98 00:05:23,600 --> 00:05:26,920 Speaker 1: see them saying the same thing every time, and I'm thinking, 99 00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:29,760 Speaker 1: I don't think I can do this. Yes, so it 100 00:05:29,839 --> 00:05:33,880 Speaker 1: has to be somebody that can remain excited telling folks 101 00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:36,040 Speaker 1: the same information. Yeah, every time. 102 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:41,440 Speaker 2: Some companies really carefully script excuse me, really carefully script 103 00:05:41,440 --> 00:05:43,880 Speaker 2: their tours so that they have a really consistent product 104 00:05:43,880 --> 00:05:47,640 Speaker 2: across the board, and that there's a great reason to 105 00:05:47,680 --> 00:05:54,360 Speaker 2: do that. We have tour guides who are really curious people, 106 00:05:54,400 --> 00:05:56,320 Speaker 2: so we try to give them the free reign to 107 00:05:56,400 --> 00:06:01,559 Speaker 2: be able to keep learning and keep incorporating new information. Yeah. 108 00:06:01,640 --> 00:06:03,440 Speaker 2: If you some of our tour guides have been tour 109 00:06:03,480 --> 00:06:05,799 Speaker 2: guides for a really long time. If they were giving 110 00:06:05,839 --> 00:06:08,760 Speaker 2: the same tour on the Freedom Trail that they gave 111 00:06:08,800 --> 00:06:12,919 Speaker 2: when they first started ten years ago, I can't imagine 112 00:06:12,920 --> 00:06:15,160 Speaker 2: how bored they might be right. Yeah, so we try 113 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:15,719 Speaker 2: to make sure. 114 00:06:15,560 --> 00:06:19,160 Speaker 1: That they have it projects to the customer. 115 00:06:19,360 --> 00:06:19,880 Speaker 2: Yeah. 116 00:06:19,920 --> 00:06:21,760 Speaker 1: So recording must be kind of an issue for you 117 00:06:21,800 --> 00:06:25,000 Speaker 1: because you have to find talented people who know a 118 00:06:25,040 --> 00:06:28,839 Speaker 1: lot about history and care. I mean, it's, as I understand, it, 119 00:06:28,920 --> 00:06:32,359 Speaker 1: hard to recruit people to do anything that you have to. 120 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:34,720 Speaker 1: You have a pretty specific pool you need to draw from. 121 00:06:34,760 --> 00:06:35,560 Speaker 1: How do you recruit? 122 00:06:35,920 --> 00:06:40,520 Speaker 2: Yeah, A lot of it is actually is word of mouth. 123 00:06:40,560 --> 00:06:45,840 Speaker 2: It's other tour guides on our roster who they meet 124 00:06:45,880 --> 00:06:48,560 Speaker 2: somebody at another job. A lot of folks on our 125 00:06:48,600 --> 00:06:52,640 Speaker 2: team are in theater here in the sort of Boston area, 126 00:06:52,800 --> 00:06:56,680 Speaker 2: So we we get a lot of folks who I 127 00:06:56,800 --> 00:06:59,480 Speaker 2: met this actor on this show that I was doing. 128 00:06:59,520 --> 00:07:03,200 Speaker 2: They're really fabulous, they're super interesting job other jobs that 129 00:07:03,240 --> 00:07:07,719 Speaker 2: they're working, friends of theirs who are really into it, 130 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:09,960 Speaker 2: and they think, I think they might actually be a 131 00:07:09,960 --> 00:07:13,000 Speaker 2: really good fit. And we do hiring pushes on you know, 132 00:07:13,400 --> 00:07:16,000 Speaker 2: higher culture and you know, indeed. 133 00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:18,200 Speaker 1: Or a personal question you don't have to you don't 134 00:07:18,240 --> 00:07:19,520 Speaker 1: have to answer it, but that would be cool if 135 00:07:19,560 --> 00:07:21,480 Speaker 1: you did. A lot of times, if I just asked 136 00:07:21,480 --> 00:07:24,320 Speaker 1: something matter of fact, if folks think, well, I should 137 00:07:24,360 --> 00:07:26,080 Speaker 1: answer that, So I'll ask how much does a tour 138 00:07:26,120 --> 00:07:26,680 Speaker 1: guide make? 139 00:07:27,640 --> 00:07:31,440 Speaker 2: It varies a little bit, so we pay. It varies 140 00:07:31,480 --> 00:07:33,480 Speaker 2: a lot from company. In a company, I can't really 141 00:07:33,520 --> 00:07:38,240 Speaker 2: speak for other companies. We pay between forty two and 142 00:07:38,320 --> 00:07:38,960 Speaker 2: sixty five. 143 00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:42,920 Speaker 1: An hour, between forty two and sixty five. Yeah, plus tips. Yes, 144 00:07:43,640 --> 00:07:44,640 Speaker 1: so that's really good. 145 00:07:45,080 --> 00:07:45,760 Speaker 2: It's pretty good. 146 00:07:45,840 --> 00:07:47,840 Speaker 1: Yeah, and how many people on a. 147 00:07:47,800 --> 00:07:52,600 Speaker 2: Tour it can vary. So yeah, our public toures. 148 00:07:52,360 --> 00:07:54,360 Speaker 1: Old questions, Yeah, like this, just give me. 149 00:07:54,400 --> 00:07:57,600 Speaker 2: The public tours can have up to twenty five. Our 150 00:07:57,680 --> 00:08:00,680 Speaker 2: private tours can be up to thirty five per guide. 151 00:08:00,720 --> 00:08:04,080 Speaker 2: But we often have multiple guides on large scale corporate tours, 152 00:08:04,680 --> 00:08:07,400 Speaker 2: so we might have, you know, upwards of ten guides 153 00:08:07,800 --> 00:08:09,560 Speaker 2: on a big corporate event. Yeah. 154 00:08:10,720 --> 00:08:12,840 Speaker 1: I'm trying to figure out how much one really makes 155 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:16,000 Speaker 1: including tips, and I know everyone out there is wondering 156 00:08:16,600 --> 00:08:18,240 Speaker 1: what does that add up to. So let's go through 157 00:08:18,240 --> 00:08:20,560 Speaker 1: the math. Let's just round off and say a tour 158 00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:24,520 Speaker 1: guide makes fifty bucks for an hour tour paid by you. 159 00:08:25,160 --> 00:08:28,080 Speaker 1: There's twenty people on a tour. What's the average tip? 160 00:08:28,160 --> 00:08:30,240 Speaker 1: Five bucks? Nobody's dipping a less than five bucks, are 161 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:31,120 Speaker 1: they not? 162 00:08:31,320 --> 00:08:36,280 Speaker 2: Usually? They usually are averaging between a ten and twenty 163 00:08:36,320 --> 00:08:37,640 Speaker 2: dollars tip that a person might. 164 00:08:37,720 --> 00:08:40,839 Speaker 1: A ten dollar tip, okay, bottom man, ten dollars twenty people, 165 00:08:40,840 --> 00:08:44,480 Speaker 1: that's two hundred dollars plus the fifty you pay, it's 166 00:08:44,520 --> 00:08:46,320 Speaker 1: two hundred and fifty dollars an hour. 167 00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:52,920 Speaker 2: That said, it's deeply, deeply seasonal work. We're heading into 168 00:08:52,960 --> 00:08:57,160 Speaker 2: the really quiet time, seasonal person and it also very 169 00:08:57,320 --> 00:09:02,160 Speaker 2: this isn't a full time position for most of our staff. 170 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:05,160 Speaker 2: There there just isn't enough work you around to be 171 00:09:05,160 --> 00:09:06,360 Speaker 2: able to support that two. 172 00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:08,400 Speaker 1: Hundred and fifty bucks an hour. You don't need a 173 00:09:08,440 --> 00:09:09,600 Speaker 1: full time position. 174 00:09:10,679 --> 00:09:13,800 Speaker 2: But yeah, it can be really deeply variable. Some of 175 00:09:13,840 --> 00:09:16,439 Speaker 2: our tour guides are folks that have retired, so they 176 00:09:16,440 --> 00:09:18,880 Speaker 2: only pick up one or two tours a week. Some 177 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:21,320 Speaker 2: of them this is kind of their primary source, so 178 00:09:21,360 --> 00:09:23,800 Speaker 2: they pick up as many as they can during the 179 00:09:23,800 --> 00:09:26,560 Speaker 2: busy season and kind of you know, and we try 180 00:09:26,600 --> 00:09:28,240 Speaker 2: to disperse it as evenly as we can. 181 00:09:29,200 --> 00:09:31,360 Speaker 1: People that quiz to ascertain if they know. 182 00:09:31,320 --> 00:09:36,800 Speaker 2: It enough, we we do sort of like a flexible 183 00:09:37,400 --> 00:09:40,719 Speaker 2: hopefully four week training period per tour, and then they 184 00:09:40,760 --> 00:09:41,760 Speaker 2: have to give us the tour. 185 00:09:42,480 --> 00:09:47,200 Speaker 1: I see, yeah, and you and you pass or fail them. 186 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,360 Speaker 2: Yeah, so if they do, if it needs more work, 187 00:09:50,400 --> 00:09:52,120 Speaker 2: then we'll send them back to the drawing board with 188 00:09:52,200 --> 00:09:54,280 Speaker 2: notes and then they can they can go back re 189 00:09:54,280 --> 00:09:55,600 Speaker 2: research and do it again. 190 00:09:55,679 --> 00:10:00,120 Speaker 1: How many people pass on the first try? 191 00:10:01,080 --> 00:10:04,160 Speaker 2: Three or four out of ten? Really, see, that's awesome, 192 00:10:04,559 --> 00:10:08,760 Speaker 2: really if it's if it's a really good round them t. 193 00:10:09,080 --> 00:10:13,880 Speaker 1: Of you know of tour guiding, good for you, Thank 194 00:10:13,920 --> 00:10:16,120 Speaker 1: you for your frankness. Now, yeah, we're gonna take a 195 00:10:16,120 --> 00:10:18,280 Speaker 1: break and get into some of the share. Some of 196 00:10:18,320 --> 00:10:21,600 Speaker 1: the knowledge that gets dispersed on these gets disseminated on 197 00:10:21,640 --> 00:10:26,360 Speaker 1: these tours. Little details you might not hear about, know 198 00:10:26,480 --> 00:10:29,360 Speaker 1: about even though you walk by these places every day 199 00:10:29,400 --> 00:10:31,040 Speaker 1: on your way to work, or on your way to school, 200 00:10:31,080 --> 00:10:34,600 Speaker 1: or on your way to the Celtics to something at 201 00:10:34,640 --> 00:10:37,920 Speaker 1: the garden. You're gonna learn some fun stuff. Coming up 202 00:10:38,360 --> 00:10:42,760 Speaker 1: on WBZ, it's Night Side with Dan Ray on w 203 00:10:43,040 --> 00:10:47,160 Speaker 1: b Boston's news radio, Badly for Dan. We're with Kelly 204 00:10:47,240 --> 00:10:49,800 Speaker 1: Leonard of the Boston History Company, and we've gone through 205 00:10:50,200 --> 00:10:52,640 Speaker 1: how the company is different. But now I want to 206 00:10:52,679 --> 00:10:56,360 Speaker 1: get into some of the the tours themselves and what 207 00:10:56,520 --> 00:10:59,960 Speaker 1: makes them different. First, let me say I watch you. 208 00:11:00,040 --> 00:11:05,080 Speaker 1: Usually I don't like reanimations, reenactments, ai generations of things. 209 00:11:05,160 --> 00:11:08,640 Speaker 1: But I saw something on recently on what Boston looked 210 00:11:08,640 --> 00:11:17,120 Speaker 1: like and revolutionary times and before, and they had the 211 00:11:17,120 --> 00:11:19,480 Speaker 1: Green Dragon there. They didn't talk about the Green Dragon 212 00:11:19,760 --> 00:11:26,520 Speaker 1: Pub public house. But in this reenactment, it didn't look 213 00:11:26,559 --> 00:11:30,680 Speaker 1: like it was where I thought it should be. I thought, 214 00:11:30,880 --> 00:11:34,600 Speaker 1: it's a it's not supposed to be there. It kind 215 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:37,960 Speaker 1: of looked like it was out on where the ChartHouse 216 00:11:38,040 --> 00:11:40,480 Speaker 1: restaurant is. It never was there, was it? 217 00:11:40,960 --> 00:11:41,160 Speaker 2: No? 218 00:11:41,280 --> 00:11:43,720 Speaker 1: Okay? Because that's where it looked like. So the Green 219 00:11:43,880 --> 00:11:49,240 Speaker 1: Dragon is an interesting place and there are some misconceptions 220 00:11:49,240 --> 00:11:52,800 Speaker 1: about it. So why don't you school meeting school us. 221 00:11:52,640 --> 00:11:56,240 Speaker 2: On that this is a really great example of how 222 00:11:57,320 --> 00:12:03,360 Speaker 2: there's the waterline around Boston has changed so drastically, because 223 00:12:03,360 --> 00:12:05,360 Speaker 2: it does make it. You look at some of these 224 00:12:05,400 --> 00:12:08,040 Speaker 2: really old maps and it looks like the Green Dragon 225 00:12:08,080 --> 00:12:12,040 Speaker 2: is right on the water's edge, and in the eighteenth 226 00:12:12,080 --> 00:12:15,440 Speaker 2: century it just about is. It's really really close to 227 00:12:15,480 --> 00:12:19,840 Speaker 2: the coastline. But that's because we have we have filled 228 00:12:20,160 --> 00:12:24,040 Speaker 2: that part of the harbor area down around Long Wharf 229 00:12:24,080 --> 00:12:28,280 Speaker 2: in so much there's just the very very end of 230 00:12:28,320 --> 00:12:32,240 Speaker 2: Long Wharf left, but that used to be the longest 231 00:12:32,280 --> 00:12:33,960 Speaker 2: wharf in the British Empire. 232 00:12:34,960 --> 00:12:37,880 Speaker 1: So you can see a little bit of long wolves there's. 233 00:12:37,720 --> 00:12:41,040 Speaker 2: Right where the aquarium is. That's technically like that's Long Wharf. 234 00:12:41,120 --> 00:12:43,080 Speaker 1: Are there any original timbers down there? 235 00:12:43,240 --> 00:12:46,160 Speaker 2: I doubt it. Okay, if there are any, I wouldn't 236 00:12:46,160 --> 00:12:48,120 Speaker 2: expect them to be load bearing at this point. 237 00:12:48,280 --> 00:12:52,400 Speaker 1: So the Green Dragon was in more than one location. 238 00:12:52,480 --> 00:12:53,720 Speaker 1: Did it move from place to place? 239 00:12:54,000 --> 00:12:57,480 Speaker 2: We give me the so's it's primarily on that little 240 00:12:57,520 --> 00:13:00,640 Speaker 2: street where the Union Oyster House is now it and 241 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:03,440 Speaker 2: the Liberty bell or sorry, not the Liberty bell, oh 242 00:13:03,480 --> 00:13:08,160 Speaker 2: my gosh, bell in hand, and it's it's over the 243 00:13:08,480 --> 00:13:13,640 Speaker 2: Over the course of its lifetime, it has been moved 244 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:17,200 Speaker 2: back a little bit from where it originally was. They've 245 00:13:17,240 --> 00:13:21,199 Speaker 2: kind of adjusted the street a little bit, kind of 246 00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:24,599 Speaker 2: straighten it out, make it a little bit more passable, 247 00:13:24,920 --> 00:13:27,600 Speaker 2: though it's very little car traffic at this point anyway. 248 00:13:27,840 --> 00:13:30,559 Speaker 1: So when you look at that building, yeah, is that 249 00:13:30,600 --> 00:13:33,280 Speaker 1: the how far off the footprint? Would it be five 250 00:13:33,280 --> 00:13:35,000 Speaker 1: feet ten feet or one hundred feet? 251 00:13:35,120 --> 00:13:38,600 Speaker 2: Probably close to ten feet. It's not it's not totally 252 00:13:38,679 --> 00:13:39,600 Speaker 2: off the original. 253 00:13:39,320 --> 00:13:40,960 Speaker 1: Foot So that's pretty real. That place. 254 00:13:41,400 --> 00:13:45,640 Speaker 2: It's it's not the original structure anymore. Oh okay, sorry, 255 00:13:47,160 --> 00:13:51,440 Speaker 2: one of the oldest structures in Boston is nearby. It's 256 00:13:51,760 --> 00:13:55,080 Speaker 2: or some of the oldest structural elements are nearby, and 257 00:13:55,120 --> 00:13:59,360 Speaker 2: that is actually some of the inside not visible, but 258 00:13:59,400 --> 00:14:03,040 Speaker 2: some of the kind of the bones of Old Corner 259 00:14:03,040 --> 00:14:05,520 Speaker 2: Bookstore or the Chipotle on School Street. 260 00:14:05,640 --> 00:14:08,120 Speaker 1: I don't think that bother you. I think it should 261 00:14:08,120 --> 00:14:10,120 Speaker 1: be against the law that a restaurant should be in 262 00:14:10,120 --> 00:14:14,680 Speaker 1: that anywhere in that Printer's block, the Ink block, right, Yeah, yeah, 263 00:14:14,840 --> 00:14:20,760 Speaker 1: it's for Chipotle is a wonderful place, but I wish 264 00:14:20,920 --> 00:14:23,920 Speaker 1: I would rather have it be a restored version of 265 00:14:23,960 --> 00:14:24,880 Speaker 1: the print place. 266 00:14:25,240 --> 00:14:27,440 Speaker 2: Yeah, it would be so cool for it to be 267 00:14:27,600 --> 00:14:31,840 Speaker 2: the Old Corner book store. That footprint originally was the 268 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:34,440 Speaker 2: Anne Hutchinson House, and it was a timber frame structure, 269 00:14:34,480 --> 00:14:38,240 Speaker 2: as most were on that street in Boston in the 270 00:14:38,320 --> 00:14:46,120 Speaker 2: sort of early mid sort of initial wave of English 271 00:14:46,120 --> 00:14:49,600 Speaker 2: settlement in Boston. So they're they're kind of like second wave, 272 00:14:49,760 --> 00:14:53,280 Speaker 2: the Hutchinson's. They're coming in after the city has been established. 273 00:14:53,680 --> 00:14:56,600 Speaker 2: They build a fairly nice house, but it's timber framed. 274 00:14:56,640 --> 00:14:59,200 Speaker 2: Eventually that timber frame structure is just going to be 275 00:14:59,280 --> 00:15:06,000 Speaker 2: kind of enclosed around a much more solid, sturdy brick structure. 276 00:15:06,120 --> 00:15:08,640 Speaker 1: So that whole block was where printing was done. 277 00:15:09,080 --> 00:15:12,200 Speaker 2: Yeah, there's tons of printing happening there. There are in Boston. 278 00:15:12,280 --> 00:15:18,520 Speaker 2: There is a disproportionately high volume of newspapers and printers 279 00:15:18,560 --> 00:15:22,240 Speaker 2: in general in the eighteenth century because it is one 280 00:15:22,280 --> 00:15:27,240 Speaker 2: of the highest rates of literacy in the colonies. 281 00:15:27,400 --> 00:15:30,920 Speaker 1: Was that where Franklin had his brother had his press. 282 00:15:31,200 --> 00:15:33,600 Speaker 1: He Frankly worked for his brother James, Right, Yes. 283 00:15:34,080 --> 00:15:37,440 Speaker 2: Ben Franklin apprenticed for his brother as a printer, as 284 00:15:37,440 --> 00:15:42,640 Speaker 2: a typesetter. But it's not the old corner bookstore that 285 00:15:42,720 --> 00:15:49,480 Speaker 2: they're kind of not in the super immediate downtown area 286 00:15:50,080 --> 00:15:51,440 Speaker 2: where that printing house was. 287 00:15:51,800 --> 00:15:55,360 Speaker 1: So the Green Dragon was basically there the whole time, 288 00:15:56,360 --> 00:15:59,200 Speaker 1: but the structure that we see is not the Green Dragon. 289 00:15:59,360 --> 00:15:59,680 Speaker 2: No. 290 00:16:00,920 --> 00:16:03,680 Speaker 1: That's such a bummer, and there are very few. How 291 00:16:03,720 --> 00:16:05,800 Speaker 1: about the history of the Union Oyster House one of 292 00:16:05,880 --> 00:16:07,960 Speaker 1: my favorite, favorite favorite places. 293 00:16:08,320 --> 00:16:13,680 Speaker 2: That's a funky one. It's that building has been sort 294 00:16:13,720 --> 00:16:19,160 Speaker 2: of added and adjusted and augmented and added on to, yeah, 295 00:16:19,320 --> 00:16:21,520 Speaker 2: for so so many years that it's kind of like 296 00:16:21,560 --> 00:16:25,800 Speaker 2: a little a little timeline through through Boston, right, Yeah, 297 00:16:25,880 --> 00:16:30,240 Speaker 2: and it's got such a uh and a funky history. 298 00:16:30,280 --> 00:16:33,880 Speaker 2: There are so there are also so many bars and 299 00:16:33,920 --> 00:16:36,440 Speaker 2: pubs that claim to be like the oldest running or 300 00:16:36,480 --> 00:16:39,080 Speaker 2: the longest continuously running, and they you. 301 00:16:39,000 --> 00:16:42,320 Speaker 1: Know, I kind of have an affinity for the Unions. 302 00:16:42,640 --> 00:16:46,040 Speaker 1: For one thing, that Horseshoe Oyster Bar, which I think 303 00:16:46,120 --> 00:16:50,040 Speaker 1: is an oak bar. Yeah, it's it's tilted in a 304 00:16:50,080 --> 00:16:51,560 Speaker 1: strange ray and there's a reason for that and I 305 00:16:51,560 --> 00:16:53,400 Speaker 1: can't remember, but it's really low. And the reason it's 306 00:16:53,400 --> 00:16:56,520 Speaker 1: really low is because people were short back then. And 307 00:16:56,600 --> 00:16:59,520 Speaker 1: there you know the story Daniel Webster used to down 308 00:16:59,720 --> 00:17:05,400 Speaker 1: like six a dozen oysters and drinking class of brandy 309 00:17:05,440 --> 00:17:08,399 Speaker 1: with every one, with every plate of voyster. He he 310 00:17:08,480 --> 00:17:10,840 Speaker 1: was pounding oysters and brandy. By all accounts, there's a 311 00:17:10,840 --> 00:17:12,000 Speaker 1: little there's a little. 312 00:17:11,760 --> 00:17:15,360 Speaker 2: Sign there that does seem like an awful lot of brandy. 313 00:17:15,080 --> 00:17:19,800 Speaker 1: And little non fact, the tie for the longest long 314 00:17:20,040 --> 00:17:23,520 Speaker 1: a while, the Tie Embassy was above the Union Oyster 315 00:17:23,600 --> 00:17:27,399 Speaker 1: House because the owner of the Union Oyster House, so 316 00:17:27,480 --> 00:17:32,400 Speaker 1: somebody associated knew was tied with the Ties and they said, 317 00:17:32,440 --> 00:17:35,960 Speaker 1: you know, you can have your embassy up above our building. 318 00:17:36,200 --> 00:17:37,960 Speaker 2: Oh, that's so funny. I don't think I've ever actually 319 00:17:37,960 --> 00:17:38,320 Speaker 2: heard those. 320 00:17:38,440 --> 00:17:39,640 Speaker 1: See I'm hired, right. 321 00:17:40,200 --> 00:17:43,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, when can you start Green Dragon? 322 00:17:43,200 --> 00:17:45,240 Speaker 1: And what was the function of the Green Dragon? George 323 00:17:45,280 --> 00:17:48,680 Speaker 1: Washington had aspiring network, and did the Green Dragon figure 324 00:17:48,680 --> 00:17:49,000 Speaker 1: into that? 325 00:17:50,160 --> 00:17:55,680 Speaker 2: There were so uh yes and no. All of these 326 00:17:55,720 --> 00:18:00,440 Speaker 2: spine networks that exist are kind of they're working with 327 00:18:00,520 --> 00:18:03,720 Speaker 2: each other and communicating with each other to various degrees, 328 00:18:04,400 --> 00:18:08,840 Speaker 2: particularly when you're early in the American Revolution. It's it 329 00:18:08,880 --> 00:18:13,919 Speaker 2: hasn't quite when you're thinking of of like the like 330 00:18:13,960 --> 00:18:17,320 Speaker 2: the docu drama sort of version of it. That's a 331 00:18:17,600 --> 00:18:20,840 Speaker 2: that's a little bit more well established sort of spine 332 00:18:20,920 --> 00:18:23,080 Speaker 2: network when you're getting a little bit later on into 333 00:18:23,080 --> 00:18:24,919 Speaker 2: the war. But this is something that the Sons of 334 00:18:24,920 --> 00:18:27,640 Speaker 2: Liberty are also doing on their own time, and they're 335 00:18:27,640 --> 00:18:30,600 Speaker 2: also communicating with the Continental Army because there there's a 336 00:18:30,600 --> 00:18:34,200 Speaker 2: lot of overlap there and these militias that are also 337 00:18:34,320 --> 00:18:37,320 Speaker 2: sort of working and trying to find information, and they're 338 00:18:37,720 --> 00:18:39,960 Speaker 2: they're staying very busy. One of the things about Green 339 00:18:40,040 --> 00:18:44,040 Speaker 2: Dragon is that it's it's a it's like a bar, 340 00:18:44,200 --> 00:18:47,800 Speaker 2: so you get people across the political spectrum hanging out 341 00:18:47,880 --> 00:18:48,160 Speaker 2: and you. 342 00:18:48,160 --> 00:18:52,399 Speaker 1: Get them drunk. Yeah, yeah, in vino veritas. 343 00:18:53,040 --> 00:18:56,760 Speaker 2: And you get to chatting, right, And so there are 344 00:18:56,800 --> 00:18:59,800 Speaker 2: often British soldiers that are are up there in the 345 00:18:59,800 --> 00:19:03,040 Speaker 2: town talking and they're not really paying attention to what 346 00:19:03,080 --> 00:19:09,359 Speaker 2: they're saying in front of staff sort of service staff. Yeah, 347 00:19:09,400 --> 00:19:14,320 Speaker 2: particularly if it's women that are are, you know, moving 348 00:19:15,400 --> 00:19:19,680 Speaker 2: glasses and bottles and food around. Yeah, they're just they're 349 00:19:19,720 --> 00:19:21,760 Speaker 2: not paying super close attention to what the girls are 350 00:19:21,800 --> 00:19:24,879 Speaker 2: listening to. And so they're actually a huge part of 351 00:19:24,960 --> 00:19:25,800 Speaker 2: these spy networks. 352 00:19:25,880 --> 00:19:29,600 Speaker 1: Yeah, okay, we have so much to get to in 353 00:19:29,880 --> 00:19:33,200 Speaker 1: such a short time. Do you have a specific Smoots tour. 354 00:19:34,200 --> 00:19:37,640 Speaker 2: We don't have a specific Smoots tour. I would love 355 00:19:37,680 --> 00:19:39,399 Speaker 2: to be able to build one out in smoots. That 356 00:19:39,400 --> 00:19:40,480 Speaker 2: would be a lot of fun, I think. 357 00:19:40,800 --> 00:19:43,199 Speaker 1: But so talk about the tour that includes Smoots and 358 00:19:43,200 --> 00:19:46,040 Speaker 1: explain what a smoot is to those who are not 359 00:19:46,920 --> 00:19:47,959 Speaker 1: smoot savvy. 360 00:19:48,240 --> 00:19:52,400 Speaker 2: So, a smoot is a very niche unit of measurement. 361 00:19:52,520 --> 00:19:56,960 Speaker 2: There's an there's a group of fraternity pledges at MIT 362 00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:02,920 Speaker 2: who are told by one of the fraternity members who 363 00:20:03,000 --> 00:20:06,240 Speaker 2: is leading their sort of hazing ritual that he's very 364 00:20:06,280 --> 00:20:09,560 Speaker 2: frustrated by how long that bridge is and how cold 365 00:20:09,560 --> 00:20:11,320 Speaker 2: it is, and he has to cross it every day 366 00:20:11,359 --> 00:20:16,600 Speaker 2: to get from Harvard. Yeah sorry, not from Harvard, from 367 00:20:16,880 --> 00:20:19,719 Speaker 2: his residence in Boston over to Mit where he's a student. 368 00:20:20,760 --> 00:20:26,399 Speaker 2: And he wants them to measure the length of this bridge, 369 00:20:26,840 --> 00:20:28,840 Speaker 2: and he said, They go, okay, so what unit of 370 00:20:28,840 --> 00:20:31,199 Speaker 2: measurement do you want? And he goes and he's looking 371 00:20:31,320 --> 00:20:34,680 Speaker 2: through this group. One of the the pledges. His last 372 00:20:34,760 --> 00:20:36,240 Speaker 2: name is Smoot, and he goes, I would like it 373 00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:39,399 Speaker 2: measured in smoots. And so they take a string and 374 00:20:39,440 --> 00:20:45,640 Speaker 2: they measure him and they start using the string the bridge. Well, 375 00:20:45,880 --> 00:20:47,960 Speaker 2: he sees them with the string, and he goes, what 376 00:20:48,000 --> 00:20:50,680 Speaker 2: are you doing And they go, we're measuring in smoots 377 00:20:50,760 --> 00:20:57,240 Speaker 2: and measuring in string, and so they he makes them 378 00:20:58,160 --> 00:21:01,880 Speaker 2: use basically chalk, and he has poor Smoot. He has 379 00:21:01,960 --> 00:21:04,919 Speaker 2: to lay down head to foot on these chalk lines, 380 00:21:04,960 --> 00:21:07,000 Speaker 2: and by the time they're at the end this is 381 00:21:07,040 --> 00:21:11,119 Speaker 2: a very long bridge. He can barely stand up by 382 00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:13,080 Speaker 2: himself and he needs quite a bit of assistance. But 383 00:21:13,160 --> 00:21:16,960 Speaker 2: they do measure it in smoots and it is still 384 00:21:17,000 --> 00:21:18,359 Speaker 2: marked in smoots today. 385 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:20,920 Speaker 1: The version of the Smoot story I heard and I'm 386 00:21:20,920 --> 00:21:25,199 Speaker 1: not a professional historian, but this is more colorful. Is 387 00:21:25,240 --> 00:21:29,320 Speaker 1: they've got Smoot pass out drunk and laid him end 388 00:21:29,320 --> 00:21:34,560 Speaker 1: to end all the way across the bridge. That's just sexier. 389 00:21:34,680 --> 00:21:38,800 Speaker 2: Verbal well, it would be so much easier for poor Smoot. 390 00:21:37,560 --> 00:21:42,640 Speaker 1: He must have been pretty sore at the end of I. 391 00:21:42,480 --> 00:21:45,160 Speaker 2: Think the version of it that I heard was that 392 00:21:45,240 --> 00:21:48,439 Speaker 2: he was he was down for the count for a 393 00:21:48,440 --> 00:21:50,760 Speaker 2: few days, because he was quite sore by the time 394 00:21:50,800 --> 00:21:53,160 Speaker 2: they were done getting up and laying down and getting 395 00:21:53,200 --> 00:21:53,840 Speaker 2: up and laying down. 396 00:21:54,160 --> 00:21:56,600 Speaker 1: And I have a couple of you know, trivia questions. 397 00:21:56,680 --> 00:21:58,119 Speaker 1: How how long is one smooth? 398 00:21:59,440 --> 00:22:03,240 Speaker 2: It's it's an odd he's like five foot seven. 399 00:22:03,440 --> 00:22:07,399 Speaker 1: Very good thing. Yeah, your boss is listening. Good your 400 00:22:07,400 --> 00:22:09,320 Speaker 1: boss Daniel is listening. It's a good thing. You got 401 00:22:09,320 --> 00:22:13,960 Speaker 1: it right. And for extra points, how many smooths is 402 00:22:13,960 --> 00:22:14,920 Speaker 1: it across the bridge? 403 00:22:15,800 --> 00:22:19,239 Speaker 2: Oh my gosh. I did check this earlier today, but 404 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:22,960 Speaker 2: I'm now doubting myself. I believe it was five hundred 405 00:22:22,960 --> 00:22:26,400 Speaker 2: and seventy six point four. Is that that can't be right. 406 00:22:26,560 --> 00:22:28,159 Speaker 1: I didn't know this ahead of time. I'm not going 407 00:22:28,240 --> 00:22:31,119 Speaker 1: to try to kid you. I looked it up, but 408 00:22:31,200 --> 00:22:36,600 Speaker 1: according to AI Overview, and AI can be wrong. Three 409 00:22:36,680 --> 00:22:38,120 Speaker 1: hundred and sixty four point. 410 00:22:38,600 --> 00:22:41,760 Speaker 2: Smooth I'm far overestimated. 411 00:22:41,359 --> 00:22:45,239 Speaker 1: And they recently so the folks, if you've never seen this, 412 00:22:45,480 --> 00:22:48,840 Speaker 1: The really interesting thing about it is every year or 413 00:22:48,880 --> 00:22:51,879 Speaker 1: every so often they would have to repaint the smoot 414 00:22:51,880 --> 00:22:55,720 Speaker 1: max because they would wear off. Oh yeah, and so 415 00:22:55,800 --> 00:23:00,280 Speaker 1: many years have passed since the smooth thing became a 416 00:23:00,320 --> 00:23:04,560 Speaker 1: thing that there were huge this is before your time, 417 00:23:04,920 --> 00:23:08,480 Speaker 1: huge speed bumps made from the layers of paint. There 418 00:23:08,480 --> 00:23:12,119 Speaker 1: had to be tens and dozens of layers of paint 419 00:23:13,240 --> 00:23:16,239 Speaker 1: so that it must have come up, you know, two 420 00:23:16,400 --> 00:23:19,240 Speaker 1: three inches worth of layers of paint. And when they 421 00:23:19,280 --> 00:23:24,239 Speaker 1: redid the bridge, all the smoots went away and say 422 00:23:24,280 --> 00:23:28,440 Speaker 1: he had the stunt sadly one little coat of paint, two 423 00:23:28,520 --> 00:23:31,920 Speaker 1: little coats of paint that back in the day, back 424 00:23:31,960 --> 00:23:34,040 Speaker 1: when you had to walk you know, the school both 425 00:23:34,040 --> 00:23:39,600 Speaker 1: ways uphill, there were these big humps of paint made 426 00:23:39,680 --> 00:23:42,760 Speaker 1: because they made the kids, they made the students, they 427 00:23:42,760 --> 00:23:45,160 Speaker 1: made somebody paint these smooths over and number. So that's 428 00:23:45,160 --> 00:23:47,560 Speaker 1: the story of smoot on them MI I T Bridge. 429 00:23:48,040 --> 00:23:52,040 Speaker 1: We got more after this on WBZ It's Night Side 430 00:23:52,160 --> 00:23:57,520 Speaker 1: with Dan Ray on Boston's news radio. I tried Bradley 431 00:23:57,600 --> 00:24:00,199 Speaker 1: Jay for Dan, and we can we continue to talk 432 00:24:00,359 --> 00:24:05,720 Speaker 1: history with Kelly Leonard, our guest and Kellyeah. I could 433 00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:08,080 Speaker 1: have told you this during the break, but I discovered 434 00:24:08,119 --> 00:24:10,760 Speaker 1: something during the break that I wanted to share with 435 00:24:10,840 --> 00:24:13,359 Speaker 1: you and everyone in all the thirty eight states in 436 00:24:13,400 --> 00:24:15,840 Speaker 1: Canada that listen to the station. 437 00:24:15,960 --> 00:24:17,560 Speaker 2: Right at this moment, I can't wait. 438 00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:22,080 Speaker 1: Well, we were discussing Smoot's Smoot is the person they 439 00:24:22,160 --> 00:24:27,160 Speaker 1: laid end to end over the MIT Bridge for some prank, 440 00:24:27,320 --> 00:24:29,199 Speaker 1: just to measure it not in feet or yards, but 441 00:24:29,320 --> 00:24:33,119 Speaker 1: in smoots so on it's body length, and we had 442 00:24:33,160 --> 00:24:35,120 Speaker 1: there were three different versions of the story that we 443 00:24:35,119 --> 00:24:41,240 Speaker 1: were bandying around. Look what I've found from the MIT 444 00:24:43,040 --> 00:24:45,760 Speaker 1: MIT Tech Talk September twenty four, two thousand and eight. 445 00:24:47,280 --> 00:24:50,600 Speaker 1: Not only is there an article that says Smoot reflects 446 00:24:50,640 --> 00:24:54,879 Speaker 1: on his measurement on the fiftieth anniversary, there's a picture 447 00:24:54,920 --> 00:24:58,760 Speaker 1: of Smoot laying on the bridge with four of his 448 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:04,280 Speaker 1: wild I see buddies, and I'll just so that proves 449 00:25:04,400 --> 00:25:07,359 Speaker 1: there's a picture of him not passed out drunk. So 450 00:25:07,480 --> 00:25:11,480 Speaker 1: my theory was wrong. As his fraternity brothers laid his 451 00:25:11,720 --> 00:25:14,120 Speaker 1: five foot seven inch frame end to him to measure 452 00:25:14,160 --> 00:25:18,680 Speaker 1: the Massachusetts Avenue Bridge one night in October nineteen fifty eight. 453 00:25:18,880 --> 00:25:21,960 Speaker 1: Smoot was from the class of sixty two. There was 454 00:25:22,000 --> 00:25:28,240 Speaker 1: one distinct thought running through Oliver Smoot's mind. That thought was, 455 00:25:28,640 --> 00:25:32,280 Speaker 1: and I think you mentioned it. It's pretty cold. One 456 00:25:32,320 --> 00:25:37,000 Speaker 1: more paragraph. Smoot, class of sixty two, recall memories. Recently 457 00:25:37,600 --> 00:25:40,600 Speaker 1: during the night his name became a unit of measurement 458 00:25:40,640 --> 00:25:45,639 Speaker 1: as Mit prepared to celebrate the fifteenth anniversary of the 459 00:25:45,800 --> 00:25:48,959 Speaker 1: Quirky Hack. And they had a whole bunch of events 460 00:25:48,960 --> 00:25:52,440 Speaker 1: planned around that. So you can see. During the next break, 461 00:25:52,440 --> 00:25:59,119 Speaker 1: I'll Showia Smoot so you'll know, and there it is, folks. Okay, Next, 462 00:25:59,640 --> 00:26:02,760 Speaker 1: what kind of quirky tours or quirky things can we 463 00:26:02,840 --> 00:26:08,440 Speaker 1: learn on your Boston History Company tours? I like the quirky, 464 00:26:08,600 --> 00:26:09,160 Speaker 1: the quirky. 465 00:26:09,640 --> 00:26:11,960 Speaker 2: There's so much out there, all right. 466 00:26:11,960 --> 00:26:16,120 Speaker 1: How about the object on the top of the State 467 00:26:16,160 --> 00:26:20,600 Speaker 1: House is not a blank, but it is instead a blank. 468 00:26:21,200 --> 00:26:25,600 Speaker 2: It is not a pineapple, but is instead a gilded 469 00:26:25,640 --> 00:26:26,360 Speaker 2: pine cone. 470 00:26:26,800 --> 00:26:30,399 Speaker 1: Okay. People thought that pineapples were a sign of good 471 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:33,680 Speaker 1: luck or something, right, That was the thing a pineapple. 472 00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:37,040 Speaker 2: Yeah, the pineapple often associated with good luck in the 473 00:26:37,080 --> 00:26:39,920 Speaker 2: colonial period, with wealth because it's very expensive to ship 474 00:26:39,920 --> 00:26:43,520 Speaker 2: a pineapple without it rotting. But instead it is a 475 00:26:43,560 --> 00:26:46,440 Speaker 2: pine cone, which is in a way also a symbol 476 00:26:46,480 --> 00:26:49,280 Speaker 2: of the colony's wealth. We were a major exporter of 477 00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:53,120 Speaker 2: pine that's what's used in ship masts in the eighteenth century. 478 00:26:53,480 --> 00:26:56,160 Speaker 2: So we have all of these beautiful old growth pine 479 00:26:56,200 --> 00:27:00,760 Speaker 2: forests have had, We had them, and that was all marked. 480 00:27:01,840 --> 00:27:04,080 Speaker 2: All of that old growth pine was marked as part 481 00:27:04,119 --> 00:27:06,560 Speaker 2: of the King's forest essentially, So. 482 00:27:06,960 --> 00:27:12,240 Speaker 1: Pine cones were our kind of cash crop. Yeah, very 483 00:27:12,280 --> 00:27:15,640 Speaker 1: responsible for the success of the town. 484 00:27:15,960 --> 00:27:21,479 Speaker 2: Yeah, So the entire Massachusetts Bay Colony is really the 485 00:27:21,480 --> 00:27:27,040 Speaker 2: wealth is built on pine trees, timber, and the codfish. 486 00:27:27,840 --> 00:27:30,880 Speaker 1: And talk about the mackerel. 487 00:27:31,359 --> 00:27:34,359 Speaker 2: Oh, yes, so are and. 488 00:27:34,240 --> 00:27:37,280 Speaker 1: What tour these two things on? They the Freedom Trail tour. 489 00:27:37,440 --> 00:27:39,080 Speaker 2: Yeah, these usually come up on the Freedom Trail. 490 00:27:40,320 --> 00:27:41,240 Speaker 1: The Holy mackerel. 491 00:27:41,440 --> 00:27:45,000 Speaker 2: Yes, some Massachusetts residents may be familiar with the Sacred 492 00:27:45,040 --> 00:27:49,080 Speaker 2: cod which hangs over our House of Representatives in our 493 00:27:49,119 --> 00:27:52,440 Speaker 2: state House. Our state Senate, not to be left out, 494 00:27:53,560 --> 00:27:59,760 Speaker 2: has a small gilded mackerel which hangs in their chamber same. 495 00:28:00,320 --> 00:28:04,040 Speaker 1: I mean the Sacred God was sacred because it was important, 496 00:28:04,080 --> 00:28:05,160 Speaker 1: just like the pine cone. 497 00:28:05,400 --> 00:28:08,800 Speaker 2: Yes, the cod is well, that was a major export 498 00:28:09,320 --> 00:28:14,360 Speaker 2: for the Massachusetts Bay Province. It was. There's a story 499 00:28:14,400 --> 00:28:19,080 Speaker 2: about John Smith traveling this is before Massachusetts is settled 500 00:28:19,080 --> 00:28:24,080 Speaker 2: by English English settlers, that he travels up through what 501 00:28:24,160 --> 00:28:27,520 Speaker 2: is now Cape Cod and you can look out into 502 00:28:27,520 --> 00:28:31,000 Speaker 2: the water and he says that it is so plentiful 503 00:28:31,280 --> 00:28:33,560 Speaker 2: with codfish that you could step out and walk across 504 00:28:33,600 --> 00:28:34,119 Speaker 2: their backs. 505 00:28:34,200 --> 00:28:34,600 Speaker 1: Yeah. 506 00:28:36,520 --> 00:28:40,600 Speaker 2: I don't know if they're quite that plentiful still, but yeah, huge, 507 00:28:40,840 --> 00:28:47,840 Speaker 2: really massive codfish. And we do also have quite a 508 00:28:47,840 --> 00:28:51,160 Speaker 2: few mackerel, which we also ship out throughout the rest 509 00:28:51,160 --> 00:28:53,800 Speaker 2: of the British Empire in the eighteenth century. So there 510 00:28:53,880 --> 00:28:58,040 Speaker 2: is the there is the sacred cod and the holy mackerel. 511 00:28:58,160 --> 00:29:02,960 Speaker 1: Speaking with Kelly Leonard Boston History Company about the many 512 00:29:03,000 --> 00:29:06,040 Speaker 1: you have thirty two different tours, right, Yeah, So, folks, 513 00:29:06,320 --> 00:29:10,160 Speaker 1: if you're listening to me in Minnesota, are like maybe 514 00:29:10,160 --> 00:29:14,600 Speaker 1: phil in Ontario. You don't have to do the standard tour. 515 00:29:14,640 --> 00:29:19,520 Speaker 1: There all sorts of other tours, including one about Salem, 516 00:29:19,520 --> 00:29:21,400 Speaker 1: which is not what you might think. It's not a 517 00:29:21,440 --> 00:29:22,760 Speaker 1: whitch tour. Talk about that. 518 00:29:22,840 --> 00:29:27,280 Speaker 2: Yes, it's difficult to do Salem without talking about the 519 00:29:27,320 --> 00:29:30,560 Speaker 2: Salem Witch Crisis, but we try to not have it 520 00:29:30,600 --> 00:29:33,520 Speaker 2: be the beginning, in the end, the end, all be 521 00:29:33,600 --> 00:29:35,880 Speaker 2: all of a tour in Salem, because there is so 522 00:29:35,880 --> 00:29:39,840 Speaker 2: so much history in Salem outside of that. Salem in 523 00:29:39,840 --> 00:29:44,959 Speaker 2: the nineteenth century was a massive, massive, hub of international 524 00:29:44,960 --> 00:29:47,800 Speaker 2: shipping on the East Coast, particularly in the Northeast. It 525 00:29:47,840 --> 00:29:51,240 Speaker 2: was at the hub of spice imports. Primarily there was 526 00:29:51,280 --> 00:29:55,120 Speaker 2: a massive trade with China, and that's where a lot 527 00:29:55,160 --> 00:29:58,360 Speaker 2: of the sort of like the well not sort of, 528 00:29:58,360 --> 00:30:00,360 Speaker 2: that's where a lot of the money in Salem ends 529 00:30:00,400 --> 00:30:03,720 Speaker 2: up coming from in the nineteenth century. So all of 530 00:30:03,800 --> 00:30:05,720 Speaker 2: those really grand houses that you see if you walk 531 00:30:05,720 --> 00:30:08,320 Speaker 2: around in downtown Salem that are part of the PbD 532 00:30:08,440 --> 00:30:11,200 Speaker 2: Essex Museum. 533 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:12,480 Speaker 1: Spice built those. 534 00:30:12,800 --> 00:30:13,160 Speaker 2: Yeah. 535 00:30:13,480 --> 00:30:16,440 Speaker 1: Yeah, didn't the North Shore have a lot to do 536 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,240 Speaker 1: with rum running as well, because you couldn't bring it 537 00:30:19,280 --> 00:30:22,680 Speaker 1: into Boston if you had caught, so they would drop 538 00:30:22,720 --> 00:30:26,360 Speaker 1: it off with some port north like maybe Salem. I 539 00:30:26,400 --> 00:30:27,960 Speaker 1: don't know why not Salem. 540 00:30:28,720 --> 00:30:32,480 Speaker 2: There was probably some some rum running in Salem at 541 00:30:32,480 --> 00:30:36,160 Speaker 2: some point, but yeah, there's rum. Rum is actually domestically 542 00:30:36,160 --> 00:30:39,360 Speaker 2: produced for quite a long time in Massachusetts. We're getting 543 00:30:39,360 --> 00:30:44,920 Speaker 2: a lot of molasses and a raw sugar getting imported, 544 00:30:44,960 --> 00:30:48,240 Speaker 2: particularly in the colonial period. Medford is actually a big 545 00:30:48,320 --> 00:30:53,800 Speaker 2: hub of rum production in the eighteenth century. That molasses 546 00:30:54,680 --> 00:30:57,040 Speaker 2: import is also part of what gets us to the 547 00:30:57,080 --> 00:31:00,160 Speaker 2: molasses flood right eventually, Yep, do. 548 00:31:00,200 --> 00:31:01,480 Speaker 1: You do a molasses flood tour? 549 00:31:01,760 --> 00:31:03,800 Speaker 2: We don't have a molasses flood tour. We do talk 550 00:31:03,840 --> 00:31:05,880 Speaker 2: about it quite a bit in the North End if 551 00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:07,120 Speaker 2: we do a North End tour for someone. 552 00:31:07,280 --> 00:31:08,720 Speaker 1: So after this, we're going to talk to Nick and 553 00:31:08,760 --> 00:31:11,920 Speaker 1: Wilmington and we're going to dig into some details you 554 00:31:11,960 --> 00:31:14,200 Speaker 1: may not know about. I'm pretty sure you don't know 555 00:31:14,240 --> 00:31:17,040 Speaker 1: about the Boston Tea Party. As we continue with our guest, 556 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:21,520 Speaker 1: Kelly Leonard, Boston History Company on w BZ. You're on 557 00:31:21,680 --> 00:31:25,440 Speaker 1: Night Side with Dan Ray on w b Z, Boston's 558 00:31:25,480 --> 00:31:28,719 Speaker 1: News Radio Bradley for Dan Tonight on Nightside. Kelly Leonard's 559 00:31:28,720 --> 00:31:30,960 Speaker 1: I guess from Boston History Company, a different kind of 560 00:31:31,560 --> 00:31:35,360 Speaker 1: history tour company, and we do have a call before 561 00:31:35,400 --> 00:31:39,200 Speaker 1: we go to talk about some interesting details on the 562 00:31:39,240 --> 00:31:41,440 Speaker 1: tea party. You probably don't know the Boston Tea Party 563 00:31:42,000 --> 00:31:44,960 Speaker 1: we go to Nick in Wilmington, Massachusetts. 564 00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:51,840 Speaker 3: Hello, Nick, Hey, Bradley oile. Great nice the smooth story. 565 00:31:52,040 --> 00:31:55,760 Speaker 3: You missed detail. That's really cool about it. I think 566 00:31:55,800 --> 00:31:59,640 Speaker 3: I said three and sixty four smooths, yes, and some change. 567 00:31:59,720 --> 00:31:59,920 Speaker 1: Yeah. 568 00:32:00,040 --> 00:32:04,600 Speaker 3: I actually have a measuring tape and it measures and smooth. 569 00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:06,800 Speaker 1: I got. Did you get that? 570 00:32:08,000 --> 00:32:10,120 Speaker 3: I got they had a table set up one time 571 00:32:10,160 --> 00:32:12,720 Speaker 3: in mit and and they had them they were giving 572 00:32:12,760 --> 00:32:17,840 Speaker 3: them away, and uh, the measurement is uh, you said 573 00:32:17,840 --> 00:32:20,760 Speaker 3: three hundred and sixty four smooths and the ear because 574 00:32:20,760 --> 00:32:23,080 Speaker 3: the measuring tape has an ear on the end of it. 575 00:32:24,080 --> 00:32:30,760 Speaker 3: That's cool. Yeah, and I heard that it was October 576 00:32:30,840 --> 00:32:34,200 Speaker 3: fourth when it was done. And uh, when they got 577 00:32:34,280 --> 00:32:37,400 Speaker 3: up when they got up to the bridge, they didn't 578 00:32:37,400 --> 00:32:41,360 Speaker 3: have a measuring tape, so that's why they measured. But 579 00:32:41,560 --> 00:32:45,120 Speaker 3: now the smooth guy, and that's three hundred and sixty 580 00:32:45,120 --> 00:32:46,480 Speaker 3: four smoots in the ear. 581 00:32:47,120 --> 00:32:52,840 Speaker 1: That's right, very good. Guy was five seven. If a 582 00:32:52,840 --> 00:32:56,040 Speaker 1: football player history would have been a different thing, that'd 583 00:32:56,080 --> 00:32:59,520 Speaker 1: be far fewer smooths. Don't get across that, Nick, that's 584 00:32:59,560 --> 00:33:04,160 Speaker 1: a great car. Oh, thank you so much. Yeah, okay, good. 585 00:33:05,080 --> 00:33:09,520 Speaker 1: I'm excited to hear all these additional details about the 586 00:33:09,840 --> 00:33:13,200 Speaker 1: tea party. I did not know that you're going to share. 587 00:33:13,240 --> 00:33:15,000 Speaker 1: And that's the kind of thing that folks learned on 588 00:33:15,040 --> 00:33:16,480 Speaker 1: your tea party tour, right. 589 00:33:16,800 --> 00:33:19,000 Speaker 2: Yeah, this comes up on the Freedom Trail usually. 590 00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:23,120 Speaker 1: Yeah, all right, well give me the whole highly detailed 591 00:33:23,640 --> 00:33:24,600 Speaker 1: tea party story. 592 00:33:25,040 --> 00:33:28,360 Speaker 2: Yeah. So the Boston Tea Party, we're all very familiar 593 00:33:28,400 --> 00:33:30,840 Speaker 2: with it. Folks who have done a Freedom Trail tour 594 00:33:30,920 --> 00:33:33,840 Speaker 2: have probably gotten to chant dump the tea into the 595 00:33:33,880 --> 00:33:37,160 Speaker 2: sea outside of the Old South Meetinghouse. But there is 596 00:33:37,240 --> 00:33:43,720 Speaker 2: this incredible sort of organizational effort that goes into the 597 00:33:43,720 --> 00:33:48,560 Speaker 2: Boston Tea Party. There are patrols of folks who are 598 00:33:48,640 --> 00:33:52,720 Speaker 2: part of it, who are tasked solely with making sure 599 00:33:52,760 --> 00:33:55,960 Speaker 2: that nobody steals any tea. They want to make sure 600 00:33:55,960 --> 00:34:00,760 Speaker 2: that it is thoroughly destroyed. So there is one gentleman, 601 00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:07,400 Speaker 2: Charles Uh from Charlestown, an Irish immigrant. He gets caught 602 00:34:07,560 --> 00:34:11,120 Speaker 2: stuffing tea into his coat pockets and into his boots, 603 00:34:11,480 --> 00:34:13,680 Speaker 2: and he's stripped and they shake all of the tea 604 00:34:13,719 --> 00:34:16,120 Speaker 2: out and he's sort of like rolled around in the 605 00:34:16,160 --> 00:34:19,040 Speaker 2: mud and and heckled and beaten up a bit and 606 00:34:19,120 --> 00:34:19,879 Speaker 2: sent on his way. 607 00:34:20,080 --> 00:34:23,319 Speaker 1: He's lucky because he's quite lucky. Back then, people were 608 00:34:23,320 --> 00:34:28,680 Speaker 1: really the punishments were pretty severe. Pretym getting molten tar 609 00:34:29,200 --> 00:34:29,640 Speaker 1: on you. 610 00:34:29,719 --> 00:34:31,719 Speaker 2: Yes, yeah, that can kill you. Yeah. 611 00:34:32,000 --> 00:34:34,879 Speaker 1: People think tyrant feathering is cute. Not cute at all. 612 00:34:35,320 --> 00:34:36,319 Speaker 1: It can burn you to death. 613 00:34:36,480 --> 00:34:37,880 Speaker 2: Yeah, you can be burned to death a lot of 614 00:34:37,880 --> 00:34:41,160 Speaker 2: times as secondary infection after the fact. That's what gets you. 615 00:34:41,280 --> 00:34:45,719 Speaker 1: So from Charlestown, Yes, was allegedly, I don't I don't 616 00:34:45,719 --> 00:34:47,960 Speaker 1: know for sure. I haven't seen transcripts of the trial. 617 00:34:48,480 --> 00:34:52,960 Speaker 1: Allegedly stuffed tea into his shirt. He got busted. Yep, Hey, 618 00:34:53,400 --> 00:34:57,840 Speaker 1: what's that in your shirt? Nothing? Yeah, and they okay, yep, 619 00:34:58,360 --> 00:34:58,719 Speaker 1: all right. 620 00:34:58,800 --> 00:35:03,200 Speaker 2: Next the the ecological impacts. Oh yeah, the tea is 621 00:35:03,400 --> 00:35:08,440 Speaker 2: also pretty major for a town that is reliant heavily 622 00:35:08,520 --> 00:35:13,000 Speaker 2: on the ship the fishing industry. So for weeks and weeks, 623 00:35:14,160 --> 00:35:16,960 Speaker 2: fish are just turning up belly up in the harbor. 624 00:35:17,400 --> 00:35:18,360 Speaker 2: It's a disaster. 625 00:35:19,440 --> 00:35:23,239 Speaker 1: It's similar to an oil spill because it clogs up 626 00:35:23,239 --> 00:35:23,960 Speaker 1: their gills. 627 00:35:24,200 --> 00:35:27,840 Speaker 2: Yes, so it's it's clogging up their gills. It's something 628 00:35:27,880 --> 00:35:33,360 Speaker 2: that is presumably potentially toxic to a lot of fish. 629 00:35:33,600 --> 00:35:35,560 Speaker 2: There is a reason that they don't live in aquariums 630 00:35:35,560 --> 00:35:39,040 Speaker 2: of tea. And it's also it's just washing up on 631 00:35:39,120 --> 00:35:42,440 Speaker 2: the beaches as well, pots and piles of tea. Yeah, yeah, 632 00:35:42,920 --> 00:35:45,400 Speaker 2: there's so much tea as they're dumping it over the 633 00:35:45,440 --> 00:35:47,640 Speaker 2: sides of the ship. They're doing this at low tide 634 00:35:47,680 --> 00:35:49,919 Speaker 2: as well, which doesn't help. But they're having to send 635 00:35:49,960 --> 00:35:53,360 Speaker 2: people over the sides of the ship to push the tea. 636 00:35:53,760 --> 00:35:56,160 Speaker 2: It's just mounding up around the ship, so they're having 637 00:35:56,239 --> 00:35:58,840 Speaker 2: to push it all down to make sure that it 638 00:35:58,880 --> 00:36:00,400 Speaker 2: gets into the water so that it's destroyed. 639 00:36:00,520 --> 00:36:03,280 Speaker 1: Now, was I understand that they had the crown had 640 00:36:03,520 --> 00:36:07,960 Speaker 1: lifted a bunch of onerous taxes, but just insisted on 641 00:36:07,960 --> 00:36:12,279 Speaker 1: this one born on everybody's side, like tea. You can 642 00:36:12,440 --> 00:36:16,160 Speaker 1: you know, it's not food. You can live without tea? Yes, 643 00:36:16,320 --> 00:36:18,919 Speaker 1: at least I certainly could. They probably weren't a tea 644 00:36:18,960 --> 00:36:22,600 Speaker 1: more than I am. But still it was just a little, 645 00:36:23,080 --> 00:36:25,879 Speaker 1: a little needle to say, yeah, okay, fine, I'll lift 646 00:36:25,920 --> 00:36:28,399 Speaker 1: these other jax'es, but I'm going to keep this one 647 00:36:28,400 --> 00:36:32,000 Speaker 1: on tea. But we couldn't let that go, No, and 648 00:36:32,080 --> 00:36:34,359 Speaker 1: mostly Sam Adams couldn't let it go right. 649 00:36:34,640 --> 00:36:38,640 Speaker 2: Sam Adams and John Hancock is another big figure in 650 00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:42,200 Speaker 2: this because he's a merchant. He has plenty to gain 651 00:36:42,280 --> 00:36:44,840 Speaker 2: or lose by something like this, because it's really a 652 00:36:45,920 --> 00:36:48,600 Speaker 2: message about the smuggling that's happening. 653 00:36:49,200 --> 00:36:52,000 Speaker 1: I heard, and it makes sense that John John Hancock 654 00:36:52,120 --> 00:36:56,200 Speaker 1: was kind of not an original gung ho revolutionary because 655 00:36:57,600 --> 00:37:01,200 Speaker 1: business as usual was good for him. Yeah, oh yeah, 656 00:37:01,239 --> 00:37:04,359 Speaker 1: and war is bad for business, and well at least 657 00:37:04,400 --> 00:37:07,879 Speaker 1: his businesses at the time. But gradually he gets more 658 00:37:07,960 --> 00:37:10,880 Speaker 1: and more fed up, and I guess gradually stuff started 659 00:37:10,880 --> 00:37:14,319 Speaker 1: to cost him money, and that may have been one 660 00:37:14,360 --> 00:37:17,319 Speaker 1: of the reasons for his patriotism is, yeah, this is 661 00:37:17,560 --> 00:37:19,280 Speaker 1: kind of costing me money. 662 00:37:19,480 --> 00:37:25,160 Speaker 2: Yeah. So there's the colonial merchants, particularly in Boston, have 663 00:37:25,239 --> 00:37:28,880 Speaker 2: a really long history with a little bit of smuggling 664 00:37:29,120 --> 00:37:32,520 Speaker 2: here and there. Right, everything that they import is in 665 00:37:32,600 --> 00:37:35,720 Speaker 2: theory supposed to come by way of the British Empire, 666 00:37:36,200 --> 00:37:40,320 Speaker 2: but sometimes the Dutch have better prices, or sometimes it's 667 00:37:40,560 --> 00:37:43,080 Speaker 2: actually a little cheaper to get your madera directly from Spain. 668 00:37:43,440 --> 00:37:45,960 Speaker 2: So they're using the Caribbean as this sort of layover 669 00:37:46,360 --> 00:37:48,480 Speaker 2: to be able to purchase goods a little bit cheaper 670 00:37:48,560 --> 00:37:53,359 Speaker 2: more directly and having these taxes, particularly with the tea, 671 00:37:53,400 --> 00:37:57,920 Speaker 2: which is actually less expensive to purchase British tea with 672 00:37:58,000 --> 00:38:00,400 Speaker 2: the tax on it than it costs for someone like 673 00:38:00,440 --> 00:38:02,040 Speaker 2: John Hancock to ship. 674 00:38:02,280 --> 00:38:05,760 Speaker 1: Great, great job Kelly Leonard, Kelly Leonard from Boston History Company, 675 00:38:06,200 --> 00:38:12,080 Speaker 1: Boss Daniel, you should be proud and just we can't 676 00:38:12,080 --> 00:38:14,319 Speaker 1: even get through all your like thirty two tours. But 677 00:38:14,960 --> 00:38:16,719 Speaker 1: if you're coming into town, are you're looking for something 678 00:38:16,719 --> 00:38:18,560 Speaker 1: different to do, When you're looking for a tour company 679 00:38:18,560 --> 00:38:21,080 Speaker 1: that might might tell you stuff for a little more 680 00:38:21,200 --> 00:38:24,560 Speaker 1: than you thought, you might go home with some bonus knowledge, 681 00:38:24,719 --> 00:38:27,440 Speaker 1: you might want to try the Boston History Company. 682 00:38:27,440 --> 00:38:29,520 Speaker 2: Thank you very much, Thank you so much, it's a pleasure. 683 00:38:29,600 --> 00:38:32,960 Speaker 1: Coming up next, we have Micah Engberg who is an 684 00:38:32,960 --> 00:38:35,640 Speaker 1: airplane geek, and he's going to catch us up on 685 00:38:35,880 --> 00:38:37,600 Speaker 1: some of the things you need to know about aviation, 686 00:38:38,040 --> 00:38:41,680 Speaker 1: like if you don't have your real ID yet, it 687 00:38:41,680 --> 00:38:45,680 Speaker 1: could cost you some money at some time. We'll explain 688 00:38:45,719 --> 00:38:47,760 Speaker 1: on WBZ News Radio ten thirty