WEBVTT - The issues that matter with Professor David Flint 0:00:02.480 --> 0:00:07.240 Now on Overnights, Professor David Flett analyzes the important events 0:00:07.280 --> 0:00:13.000 of the week. Oh finally, some insanity shall prevail. How 0:00:13.039 --> 0:00:14.040 are you good, Professor? 0:00:14.640 --> 0:00:16.640 Well, there you Phil and how are you. 0:00:16.800 --> 0:00:18.560 I'm very well. I'd like to talk to you about 0:00:18.560 --> 0:00:20.560 a lot of things. We're pretty much on the same 0:00:20.640 --> 0:00:24.119 page with this article. Another great one you've written in 0:00:24.120 --> 0:00:28.639 the Spectator enriching Beijing flirting with Tehran. Let's talk about 0:00:28.680 --> 0:00:30.000 that certainly. 0:00:31.080 --> 0:00:37.000 Well. The government, the Australian government, which is led a 0:00:37.040 --> 0:00:41.040 hard lived leader. He comes from the hard left, was 0:00:41.040 --> 0:00:45.760 the American's the far left, and he is breaking away 0:00:46.040 --> 0:00:50.600 to some degree from American policy. And I'm not surprised 0:00:51.400 --> 0:00:54.880 that he is obviously not prepared. He doesn't want to 0:00:54.920 --> 0:00:58.320 go to the White House. He knows he'll be he'll 0:00:58.360 --> 0:01:02.040 be in difficulties there when he appears before the President. 0:01:02.600 --> 0:01:07.440 And this idea of slipping it in on the sidelines 0:01:07.480 --> 0:01:09.720 of the G seven was never a good idea. There 0:01:09.760 --> 0:01:14.240 would never be enough time to deal with the problems appropriately. 0:01:14.800 --> 0:01:16.760 But he just doesn't want to see the President. And 0:01:16.760 --> 0:01:19.880 I'm sure he's delighted by the fact that the President 0:01:19.880 --> 0:01:23.520 has gone off. Do you believe that Okay, right, that's 0:01:23.560 --> 0:01:27.120 my view. I don't think it's at all disappointed. I 0:01:27.120 --> 0:01:30.520 think he's delighted because the last thing he wants is 0:01:30.600 --> 0:01:32.640 to have to face the President, and he's going to 0:01:32.640 --> 0:01:36.240 try and cover it with peripheral matters. But the President 0:01:36.319 --> 0:01:38.880 was going to really come to the very important issues, 0:01:39.280 --> 0:01:43.880 particularly of the fact that we are just not attending 0:01:43.920 --> 0:01:48.000 to our defense, we've let it run down terribly, and 0:01:48.040 --> 0:01:52.919 that this is a government which shows a real sheepishness 0:01:53.640 --> 0:01:56.440 in relation to Beijing. I think they're very happy to 0:01:56.480 --> 0:02:02.520 be the quiet tributary state Beijing and not disbehave in 0:02:02.560 --> 0:02:07.320 any way. And we saw that when the Chinese Communists 0:02:07.360 --> 0:02:12.079 came with their navy and started a firing exercise in 0:02:12.120 --> 0:02:16.320 our waters in our economic zone. That didn't tell us 0:02:16.320 --> 0:02:20.040 about it, and we had to rely on a civil 0:02:20.080 --> 0:02:23.320 aviation pilot to tell us that this was going on. 0:02:23.480 --> 0:02:27.079 And then they went round the country where they obviously 0:02:27.120 --> 0:02:31.760 were conducting an intelligence operation in relation to our ports 0:02:31.800 --> 0:02:36.679 and what we're doing. And it's extraordinary when you look 0:02:36.680 --> 0:02:41.640 at the situation in relation to climate change, and I 0:02:41.720 --> 0:02:44.440 must say once again we said we're having a very 0:02:44.480 --> 0:02:48.240 cold winter for a world in which the climate's supposed 0:02:48.280 --> 0:02:51.240 to be warming, and we've had a very moderate suhow 0:02:51.360 --> 0:02:54.200 we don't have the heat waves that we used to have. 0:02:54.360 --> 0:02:58.720 But there's an obsession with this. But scientists to support 0:02:59.560 --> 0:03:05.280 the view that man is contributing to climate change all agree. 0:03:05.680 --> 0:03:11.320 Nobody challenges the puposition that what we're doing is not 0:03:11.600 --> 0:03:15.519 going to change the climate in the slightest. We're spending 0:03:15.880 --> 0:03:19.320 this enormous amount of money, We're running down industries. We're 0:03:19.840 --> 0:03:25.000 changing what was a cheap and reliable grid, We're changing 0:03:25.040 --> 0:03:29.240 that to something which is expensive and something which is unreliable. 0:03:30.120 --> 0:03:35.960 And nobody's benefiting except for a few people who are 0:03:36.120 --> 0:03:39.640 supportive of this, particularly those in the political class who 0:03:39.720 --> 0:03:43.640 are behind candidates and who are making a lot of 0:03:43.680 --> 0:03:49.080 money out of renewables. But the only organization which is 0:03:49.280 --> 0:03:53.880 profiting from all this enormously is the Communist Party of China. 0:03:55.000 --> 0:03:59.560 It's extraordinary, And why are they doing this. Why do 0:03:59.640 --> 0:04:02.600 they take the view that we must be very quiet 0:04:02.640 --> 0:04:09.240 and say nothing when the Chinese navy behoves provocatively. We've 0:04:09.280 --> 0:04:11.680 just got to accept all this. And then, in relation 0:04:11.880 --> 0:04:15.400 to what's happening in the Middle East, they've pulled away 0:04:15.600 --> 0:04:18.920 very much from American policy when we were asked to 0:04:19.000 --> 0:04:22.880 provide a ship, not because the Americans needed a ship, 0:04:22.880 --> 0:04:28.680 but because they wanted it is a multi national fleet 0:04:28.760 --> 0:04:31.080 to go there and deal with the hootsies, who are 0:04:31.520 --> 0:04:36.960 terrorists funded by Tehran. The government refused to send one, 0:04:37.040 --> 0:04:39.600 which is the first time I think we've done anything 0:04:39.720 --> 0:04:45.480 like that. And we're pulling away from Israel. We seem 0:04:45.520 --> 0:04:50.320 to be treating Israel. Israel is the hostile country, whereas 0:04:50.600 --> 0:04:54.520 everybody knows, and Trump has been the one to work 0:04:54.680 --> 0:05:01.880 this out, that America and Israel can't allow Tehran to 0:05:02.000 --> 0:05:06.279 have atomic weapons because they're very open a gender is 0:05:06.360 --> 0:05:10.360 and they now that in the maxims, the slogans that 0:05:10.440 --> 0:05:15.440 they pronounce regularly, death to Israel and death to America. 0:05:16.640 --> 0:05:22.960 And we know that this dangerous, quite insane regime will 0:05:23.160 --> 0:05:27.280 do terrible things if they get nuclear weapons, and they 0:05:27.360 --> 0:05:29.800 seem to be intent, or there seem to be intent. 0:05:30.120 --> 0:05:34.960 They are intent on getting them, and Israel cannot tolerate 0:05:35.000 --> 0:05:39.080 that because as Netanyo who said, they had one holocaust 0:05:40.000 --> 0:05:42.039 in the previous century and they're not going to have 0:05:42.080 --> 0:05:43.120 another holocaust. 0:05:44.600 --> 0:05:46.279 You know, I was thinking about the other day too. 0:05:46.320 --> 0:05:49.240 Just moving back to China. I saw this story Orrancy 0:05:49.320 --> 0:05:53.120 and End's website. China's aircraft carriers send message in the 0:05:53.160 --> 0:05:55.840 open Pacific for the first time, and bigger and more 0:05:55.960 --> 0:05:59.680 powerful ships are coming. It's just there on a website 0:06:00.279 --> 0:06:01.080 like it's hidden. 0:06:01.920 --> 0:06:05.760 Yes, And the leader has made it very clear that 0:06:06.320 --> 0:06:12.120 he wants to know by twenty seven whether the Chinese 0:06:12.160 --> 0:06:14.800 forces are in a position to take Taiwan. 0:06:15.200 --> 0:06:17.640 Well, that seems to be the date that's bandied around 0:06:17.640 --> 0:06:19.520 a lot too, because a lot of people have said, 0:06:19.560 --> 0:06:23.080 you know, under the cover of darkness, with this current distraction, 0:06:23.520 --> 0:06:25.080 that you know, we can look at that. But I'd 0:06:25.120 --> 0:06:27.680 heard twenty twenty seven bandied around a few times. 0:06:28.120 --> 0:06:31.400 Oh yeah, several times. And it would be an obvious 0:06:31.440 --> 0:06:34.160 thing to do if you were going to do this, 0:06:34.240 --> 0:06:37.880 to do it when the United States is engaged heavily 0:06:37.920 --> 0:06:40.240 in the Middle East, that would be the ideal time. 0:06:40.279 --> 0:06:45.279 But as I've been arguing that column for a long time, 0:06:45.360 --> 0:06:50.560 there is an axis which is Moscow, in Tehran, Beijing, 0:06:50.640 --> 0:06:55.200 and Piangyang. And that axis is an axis which is 0:06:55.279 --> 0:07:00.760 completely against our concepts of Western civilization and democracy and 0:07:00.800 --> 0:07:06.279 the rule of law. It presents a very rival view 0:07:07.200 --> 0:07:11.400 of the world, and it's something which goes completely against 0:07:11.440 --> 0:07:12.440 what we believe in. 0:07:13.760 --> 0:07:16.880 So what do you think is going on? Then? For 0:07:17.000 --> 0:07:20.640 the last month, the Chinese aircraft carriers operating closer and 0:07:20.640 --> 0:07:23.480 closer to us and further from their own shores. Are 0:07:23.480 --> 0:07:26.760 they testing their technology testing the waters start? 0:07:27.040 --> 0:07:30.440 Without doubt they are, and they're testing what they can 0:07:30.560 --> 0:07:34.920 do in the event of the struggle. And the news 0:07:34.960 --> 0:07:39.520 has come out recently that communication devices have been found 0:07:39.640 --> 0:07:44.880 in solar panels and turbines and even electric cars, which 0:07:45.320 --> 0:07:50.520 would allow those engaging to turn off the power to 0:07:50.600 --> 0:07:56.640 these things, and that they're also have been looking at 0:07:56.640 --> 0:07:58.960 the ways in which we communicate with the rest of 0:07:59.000 --> 0:08:03.280 the world. Jim Moole and warned that if there were 0:08:03.760 --> 0:08:06.520 an invasion of Taiwan, we might not know about it 0:08:06.560 --> 0:08:10.280 because we might find that our communications with the world 0:08:10.760 --> 0:08:14.640 have been turned off, which would be very easy to do. 0:08:14.840 --> 0:08:17.040 But you know, when you don't you have the ships 0:08:17.040 --> 0:08:20.680 that can cut through these things. There have been cases 0:08:20.720 --> 0:08:26.200 which have occurred in Europe where cables have been cut. 0:08:26.280 --> 0:08:31.120 They think by well they know by Russian vessels that 0:08:31.280 --> 0:08:36.200 these powers are considering. They're contemplating the ways in which 0:08:36.240 --> 0:08:41.479 they should react if there is a breakouts of hostilities 0:08:42.200 --> 0:08:46.880 concerning for example, concerning Taiwan, as there have been breakouts, 0:08:47.160 --> 0:08:50.839 as there is a continuing war in the Ukraine, there 0:08:51.320 --> 0:08:53.400 is a war in the Middle East. 0:08:53.600 --> 0:08:55.960 And as you've said time and time again on this program, 0:08:55.960 --> 0:08:59.679 but of course on your articles as well, that Albanisi 0:08:59.760 --> 0:09:01.920 and the government just seemed to be turning a blind, 0:09:01.960 --> 0:09:03.280 iron ignorant i to this. 0:09:04.640 --> 0:09:07.920 Yes, they just don't seem to accept that these are 0:09:07.960 --> 0:09:11.480 the serious problems. Well, what we've got now is this 0:09:11.600 --> 0:09:16.520 ridiculous idea that they're calling both sides to de escalate 0:09:16.640 --> 0:09:21.520 and go into negotiations. There was a stage in the 0:09:21.559 --> 0:09:26.280 Second World War when the principal powers came together and 0:09:26.320 --> 0:09:30.320 they said, what the position is of the West in 0:09:30.320 --> 0:09:34.760 relation to Germany and Japan was unconditional surrender. There were 0:09:34.800 --> 0:09:37.440 going to be no negotiations. There was going to be 0:09:37.559 --> 0:09:41.720 no way in which there could be any any conditions 0:09:41.760 --> 0:09:45.319 imposis by either powers. They would be just they would 0:09:45.320 --> 0:09:48.800 have to be absolutely defeated, which of course they were. 0:09:48.920 --> 0:09:52.120 There is a time in struggle when that happens, and 0:09:53.559 --> 0:09:59.920 President Trump, probably against the wishes of Israel, insisted on 0:10:00.160 --> 0:10:08.679 sixty days in which Tehran had the opportunity the choice 0:10:09.120 --> 0:10:15.320 of voluntarily stopping the development of atomic weapons or having 0:10:15.400 --> 0:10:18.520 it imposed on them, and on the sixty first day, 0:10:19.160 --> 0:10:25.959 Israel attacked because Israel cannot tolerate Tehran having nuclear weapons, 0:10:25.960 --> 0:10:28.920 because they know that these will be exploded over Israel 0:10:28.960 --> 0:10:33.200 and be worse, probably than what happened in the Second 0:10:33.240 --> 0:10:33.720 World War. 0:10:34.360 --> 0:10:37.240 Let's talk about history repeating after this, you don't mind 0:10:37.280 --> 0:10:40.640 holding on a moment, certainly so just before the break, 0:10:40.679 --> 0:10:44.080 we were talking about history repeating. You know, it feels, 0:10:44.280 --> 0:10:46.880 it feels for the casual observer that here we are 0:10:47.160 --> 0:10:49.480 staring into the abyss. And I mentioned that to you 0:10:49.640 --> 0:10:51.439 off air when we were having a channel moment ago, 0:10:51.559 --> 0:10:54.480 and you said, well, you know, nineteen fourteen. Are we 0:10:54.559 --> 0:10:56.920 looking at some kind of repeat of history that goes 0:10:56.960 --> 0:10:58.640 back to then back to nineteen fourteen. 0:10:58.840 --> 0:11:06.680 It is possible. There's no requirement that this will happen, 0:11:06.679 --> 0:11:09.920 there's no there's no promise that this will happen, but 0:11:10.040 --> 0:11:15.360 it could happen. And if the resistance is such that 0:11:16.640 --> 0:11:20.280 a number of powers in this axis of evil decide 0:11:20.320 --> 0:11:23.600 to act together, then there could be a well, I 0:11:23.679 --> 0:11:27.640 suspect that they won't. I suspect that, as with the 0:11:27.679 --> 0:11:34.080 fall of the regime in Syria, Moscow will remain silent 0:11:34.160 --> 0:11:38.480 because they're over committed. In relation to the Ukraine. I 0:11:38.760 --> 0:11:42.640 doubt that the Chinese Communists will have been very careful 0:11:43.679 --> 0:11:49.280 since since Korea and Vietnam. When they were defeated effectively 0:11:49.400 --> 0:11:54.280 by another communist country in Vietnam, they realized that their 0:11:54.400 --> 0:11:58.920 armies weren't weren't tried and tested, and that's why they 0:11:59.000 --> 0:12:01.280 went back and they've they built up their armies, but 0:12:01.360 --> 0:12:04.439 of course they still know that they haven't yet been 0:12:04.600 --> 0:12:09.560 tried in the field. But they have advanced remarkably in 0:12:10.240 --> 0:12:13.559 ensuring that they have the latest of everything in relation 0:12:13.800 --> 0:12:18.880 to their weapons. They've been very good in getting the 0:12:18.960 --> 0:12:24.160 necessary intellectual property, often taking it from the United States 0:12:24.240 --> 0:12:29.080 and then using it and with their very good scientists, 0:12:29.120 --> 0:12:32.600 developing it even further, so that they are very much, 0:12:33.520 --> 0:12:37.040 very powerful in relation to military matters, and they do 0:12:37.120 --> 0:12:41.600 it more cheaply than the West does. They do it 0:12:42.520 --> 0:12:45.480 without the problems that you have in the West of 0:12:45.640 --> 0:12:50.080 environmental considerations and the need to have the approval of 0:12:50.200 --> 0:12:56.720 various levels of public authorities, and they're able to take 0:12:56.760 --> 0:12:59.959 advantages that are just not available to us. 0:13:00.920 --> 0:13:04.360 So, if you're going to draw a parallels between nineteen fourteen, 0:13:05.120 --> 0:13:09.520 has the spark that ignited the conflict already happened or 0:13:09.880 --> 0:13:11.840 is this still a possibility. 0:13:12.640 --> 0:13:17.320 I think we've gone further than ever, or further than 0:13:17.760 --> 0:13:21.680 at any time since the Cuban affair. Remember the Cuban 0:13:21.720 --> 0:13:30.080 affair where the Russians were establishing bases in Cuba. 0:13:30.240 --> 0:13:31.679 Yeah, Christie, if I think that was wasn't it? 0:13:32.200 --> 0:13:34.520 That's right? Yes, And they could reach the United States 0:13:34.559 --> 0:13:39.280 with weapons there if they installed the missiles and so on, 0:13:39.360 --> 0:13:46.079 And Kennedy issued an ultimatum, and the Russian ships continued 0:13:46.120 --> 0:13:49.840 to approach the United States. The world watched in horror, 0:13:51.559 --> 0:13:56.040 and fortunately the Russians turned around, they pulled their forces back, 0:13:56.120 --> 0:14:00.680 and the Americans made some concessions in Turkey, they reduced 0:14:00.679 --> 0:14:04.320 some bases there, and the Russians did not proceed further 0:14:04.440 --> 0:14:07.480 with the very dangerous basis that they were going to 0:14:07.480 --> 0:14:08.400 build in Tuma. 0:14:08.559 --> 0:14:11.280 Well, because the solution to that was Kennedy offering them 0:14:11.520 --> 0:14:13.760 to not have a loss of face. Are we in 0:14:13.800 --> 0:14:17.040 a position where we have diplomatically the opportunities to do 0:14:17.080 --> 0:14:17.520 that now? 0:14:18.640 --> 0:14:26.760 I don't think the Iranian mullers are worried about face. 0:14:27.240 --> 0:14:30.640 I think they are worried, however, that they've been reduced 0:14:30.720 --> 0:14:36.680 remarkably by the ingenuity of the Israelis. The Israelis have 0:14:36.800 --> 0:14:41.720 really been able to destroy, as they say, decapitate a 0:14:41.760 --> 0:14:46.840 lot of the power in Iran. They've been apparently instructed 0:14:46.880 --> 0:14:51.800 by Trump not to kill the Supreme Leader, which obviously 0:14:51.880 --> 0:14:55.560 is within the within their you know, they could do 0:14:55.680 --> 0:15:00.400 that because they have done some remarkable things. And remember, 0:15:00.400 --> 0:15:06.200 for example, when they used or they use all of 0:15:06.240 --> 0:15:11.680 the mobile phones of those who were acting for the 0:15:11.680 --> 0:15:13.960 regime and they use them as bombs. 0:15:14.000 --> 0:15:17.400 That's right, the blackberries and the pages. 0:15:17.440 --> 0:15:20.840 Yeah, yes, the pages, and this was this was a 0:15:20.880 --> 0:15:24.080 remarkable thing. And the fact that they have been able 0:15:24.160 --> 0:15:28.240 to penetrate into Iran, They've been able to get into 0:15:28.280 --> 0:15:33.760 places and have people eliminated who are running these affairs, 0:15:34.120 --> 0:15:37.920 that has really shocked the Iranians. The government in Iran 0:15:38.040 --> 0:15:44.040 is very unpopular. We foolishly, under Carter pulled the rug 0:15:45.000 --> 0:15:49.720 under the Shah. The Shah was an authoritarian leader. He argued, 0:15:50.120 --> 0:15:52.760 he said, well, this is the only way you can 0:15:52.840 --> 0:15:56.280 rule Iran. You've got a rule it with a certain 0:15:56.280 --> 0:16:01.080 degree of strength, but he really advanced the country. And 0:16:01.720 --> 0:16:06.320 when you look back on films and photographs of life 0:16:06.360 --> 0:16:09.760 in Tehran at the time of the show, women were 0:16:09.880 --> 0:16:13.280 dressed completely in the Western style. They were looking very 0:16:13.280 --> 0:16:17.200 attractive and up to date. They were taking part in 0:16:17.800 --> 0:16:23.320 life and being involved in businesses and other activities. Since 0:16:23.440 --> 0:16:27.000 this crowd of muellers have come in, they've turned everything 0:16:27.160 --> 0:16:32.480 back to something belonging very much to the past, and 0:16:31.840 --> 0:16:36.320 they are really hated, seems as far as I can 0:16:36.360 --> 0:16:39.400 see from what I've been reading, by the Iranian people 0:16:40.160 --> 0:16:44.360 and their hold over the country's weakened. And it's a 0:16:44.440 --> 0:16:47.680 question as you said earlier, to an extent of face, 0:16:48.400 --> 0:16:52.480 not that the regime worries about it, but face before 0:16:52.560 --> 0:16:57.200 the Iranian people, and if they're seen as being weak, 0:16:57.840 --> 0:17:01.360 this will only encourage Iranians to take action against them. 0:17:01.560 --> 0:17:03.200 So do you think that this is what this is 0:17:03.240 --> 0:17:05.800 all about, then regime change? And if that's the case, 0:17:05.880 --> 0:17:09.760 I mean previously with Iraq and Afghanistan that didn't go 0:17:09.840 --> 0:17:10.520 down too well. 0:17:11.520 --> 0:17:15.520 No, I think that if they do that well. For example, 0:17:15.520 --> 0:17:18.920 in Afghanistan, the Americans handled it very badly. As you say, 0:17:19.640 --> 0:17:21.800 there was a move to bring back the king and 0:17:21.840 --> 0:17:27.200 restore what was the old system of running Afghanistan, which 0:17:27.240 --> 0:17:31.560 is what they did. But they rejected that and established 0:17:32.080 --> 0:17:34.440 bulli in place people who should not have been running 0:17:34.480 --> 0:17:38.560 the country, and it certainly didn't work. And a similar 0:17:38.600 --> 0:17:43.400 thing happened in the Iraq. They're not very good. 0:17:43.960 --> 0:17:46.359 No, well, there was never a contingency or an in 0:17:47.040 --> 0:17:51.240 game or any kind of plan. From what I could gather, the. 0:17:51.320 --> 0:17:54.560 Old powers from Europe are much better at this. The 0:17:54.600 --> 0:18:00.520 British work and the French were by bringing in people 0:18:00.560 --> 0:18:04.479 from the existing ruling class and ruling through them. But 0:18:04.520 --> 0:18:07.600 the Americas just allowed anybody to come in whom they 0:18:07.640 --> 0:18:11.280 thought might be a good rule of the country, and 0:18:11.760 --> 0:18:14.080 they weren't the sort of people that should be doing that. 0:18:14.119 --> 0:18:17.520 We saw that in Vietnam, we saw that in Iraq, 0:18:18.359 --> 0:18:19.760 and we saw that in Afghanistan. 0:18:19.960 --> 0:18:22.920 Well, history just repeats itself on that, doesn't it, over and. 0:18:22.880 --> 0:18:29.320 Over And although no power, particularly the British, was able 0:18:29.359 --> 0:18:32.840 to take Afghanistan, the way they ruled most of India 0:18:32.920 --> 0:18:37.479 and many of their colonies was through the existing ruling class, 0:18:37.520 --> 0:18:40.919 as did the French, and that worked very well, and 0:18:41.080 --> 0:18:45.160 quite often it produced a better form of government at 0:18:45.200 --> 0:18:48.639 the time, because it allowed for the modernization of the 0:18:48.680 --> 0:18:54.560 country and the elimination of practices which weren't acceptable in 0:18:54.600 --> 0:18:57.800 a modern society. Of course, for example, in India they 0:18:57.800 --> 0:19:01.359 got rid of suti, which was that there's an obligation 0:19:01.520 --> 0:19:04.879 on the widow to jump on the sumial power of 0:19:04.960 --> 0:19:09.160 the man who died, and that so offended the British 0:19:09.640 --> 0:19:13.000 they made us illegal, and it was of course obviously 0:19:13.560 --> 0:19:15.719 very good for the women of India. 0:19:17.040 --> 0:19:21.120 The article in the Spectator this Thursday, it's called enriching 0:19:21.240 --> 0:19:25.119 Beijing flirting with Tehran. Let's talk again next week if 0:19:25.119 --> 0:19:25.760 we're still here. 0:19:30.240 --> 0:19:34.520 And I was very interested in Keith Suter's comment about 0:19:34.520 --> 0:19:35.480 the Shah. 0:19:36.160 --> 0:19:38.280 Yes, well, there was a quote from you once again 0:19:38.400 --> 0:19:40.720 where there are no guarantees. I liked that quote too, 0:19:41.080 --> 0:19:44.520 you've given us because that applies to everything I think 0:19:44.920 --> 0:19:45.320 he does. 0:19:45.359 --> 0:19:48.640 Indeed, quickly, thank you, David, Thank you.