WEBVTT - Words with Kel Richards – 12th June 0:00:05.800 --> 0:00:15.360 Soundly and now on Night's Words with Cal Richards. Yes 0:00:15.400 --> 0:00:17.239 here he is the great man Kel Richards. Of course, 0:00:17.320 --> 0:00:20.000 lyrics and words is what you're about. And of course 0:00:20.360 --> 0:00:22.599 we were just talking about this is I think he 0:00:22.640 --> 0:00:24.720 said it was his favorite song, Yes he did. 0:00:24.720 --> 0:00:27.360 There was an interview clip I saw as part of 0:00:27.360 --> 0:00:30.680 one of the obituaries, and the interviewer said, what's your 0:00:30.680 --> 0:00:34.000 favorite beach boy song? And he said, California Girls. 0:00:34.520 --> 0:00:36.320 Yeah, I think we have a winner yet. Trish, Hello, 0:00:36.400 --> 0:00:39.400 Trish Hello, what was it? 0:00:39.400 --> 0:00:40.280 It's the way they. 0:00:40.280 --> 0:00:42.720 Kids, It's the way they kiss, they keep their boyfriends 0:00:42.800 --> 0:00:45.280 warm at night. Trish. You hang on there because you 0:00:45.320 --> 0:00:47.560 have got yourself the fantastic price my friends at Miselle 0:00:47.560 --> 0:00:50.880 one hundred percent, he owned, often more affordable than foreign substitutes. 0:00:51.320 --> 0:00:54.160 Whatever's on the menu at your place. Remember flavor starts 0:00:54.200 --> 0:00:56.960 with Miselle quality. You can taste get the John Stanley 0:00:56.960 --> 0:00:59.240 mister McGoo mug as well. And I think we might 0:00:59.360 --> 0:01:02.080 just just a little bit of this though, because it's 0:01:02.080 --> 0:01:03.480 a beautifully cray song. 0:01:04.080 --> 0:01:04.640 Yes please. 0:01:04.760 --> 0:01:08.160 Mike Love sings the first part and then Brian comes 0:01:08.200 --> 0:01:08.959 in with the chorus. 0:01:08.959 --> 0:01:13.920 Here it is well these girls are here by really 0:01:15.080 --> 0:01:22.119 those Stars be Aware and the Sun Girls with the 0:01:20.800 --> 0:01:30.400 We they knocked me out when I'm where spotters filling 0:01:31.160 --> 0:01:36.840 make you feel off, and the nother Girls. 0:01:36.640 --> 0:01:49.920 With the Way is thinking the same. What a good song, 0:01:50.120 --> 0:01:51.840 Just a magnificent song. 0:01:52.080 --> 0:01:54.840 It is a great song. I mean, I speak for 0:01:54.880 --> 0:01:57.880 the baby boomers, but that was when songs were really 0:01:57.920 --> 0:02:01.360 fabulous in the sixties. We had people like Brian Wilson working, 0:02:01.640 --> 0:02:04.920 and we had Paul Simon, and we had Lennon and McCartney. 0:02:04.920 --> 0:02:06.639 It was a great era for those songs. 0:02:06.720 --> 0:02:10.400 Yeah. Well, I think he's up there with mates, so 0:02:10.440 --> 0:02:12.560 I think it's going to last anyway. That's just my view. 0:02:12.680 --> 0:02:14.640 One three one eight seven three is the number words 0:02:14.639 --> 0:02:18.880 and language Now. Kell's website is oswordsoz words dot com 0:02:18.919 --> 0:02:20.919 dot au. You can go to that website. It's got 0:02:20.919 --> 0:02:24.639 fantastic links to Kell's books, all of the wonderful publications 0:02:24.639 --> 0:02:27.320 he often references here. Plus you can subscribe to his 0:02:27.720 --> 0:02:31.040 daily newsletter as well. And if you've got a question 0:02:31.120 --> 0:02:32.680 for Kell, you can do it on the line one 0:02:32.720 --> 0:02:34.840 three one eight seven three and talk with him directly, 0:02:35.240 --> 0:02:37.160 or you can get on the text line zero for 0:02:37.320 --> 0:02:41.400 six zero eight seven three eight seven three so one 0:02:41.800 --> 0:02:45.200 mystery unregistered entry from the Eastern Suburbs is one one 0:02:45.280 --> 0:02:48.120 hundred million dollar powerball jackpot tonight in the Eastern Suburbs 0:02:48.120 --> 0:02:48.600 of Sydney. 0:02:48.840 --> 0:02:49.840 Right, Okay, So. 0:02:50.040 --> 0:02:52.280 Look, you're not you don't buy lottery tickets to you. 0:02:52.360 --> 0:02:55.320 I know I can tell no, no, no no. If 0:02:55.360 --> 0:02:57.560 I had, that would have been the one I've made. 0:02:57.680 --> 0:03:00.720 But what I'm saying, so if you if you you're 0:03:00.760 --> 0:03:03.600 going to a newsagent whatever, and you can buy a 0:03:03.639 --> 0:03:06.400 ticket and it's not registered, you put it in your wallet, 0:03:07.200 --> 0:03:09.519 and if you're not registered as a player or doing 0:03:09.520 --> 0:03:13.399 it online, that ticket is sitting somewhere and it's worth 0:03:13.440 --> 0:03:14.480 one hundred million dollars. 0:03:14.520 --> 0:03:17.160 So you've got to be very very careful of that 0:03:17.280 --> 0:03:18.080 physical thing. 0:03:18.240 --> 0:03:21.840 Yes, it's always intrigued me that if because I used 0:03:21.840 --> 0:03:23.880 to buy the tickets just like that and put them 0:03:23.919 --> 0:03:25.960 in the wallet and check them later on. And I've 0:03:25.960 --> 0:03:29.360 always wondered if you had a win like that, you'd 0:03:29.360 --> 0:03:32.800 probably carefully put it in tissue paper, put it inside 0:03:32.840 --> 0:03:36.400 a book and then carefully go to the car, drive 0:03:36.440 --> 0:03:38.880 it about thirty k's an hour to wherever you've got 0:03:38.920 --> 0:03:39.400 to take. 0:03:39.240 --> 0:03:42.440 It, wouldn't you, Well, you'd certainly make sure you didn't 0:03:42.480 --> 0:03:45.000 put it in the jacket going to the dry cleaners. 0:03:45.120 --> 0:03:49.760 Well exactly now seven three. I've got any questions for 0:03:49.840 --> 0:03:53.200 kel at all. But your word of the week, it's 0:03:53.240 --> 0:03:55.400 often more than one word, and it is this week. 0:03:55.520 --> 0:04:00.560 Yes, fifth column. So if you've got a group of people, 0:04:00.600 --> 0:04:04.000 maybe a secret group of people inside an organization, so 0:04:04.120 --> 0:04:06.520 while you're attacking it from the outside, there white adding 0:04:06.560 --> 0:04:09.080 it away, it's called having a fifth column. It's quite 0:04:09.200 --> 0:04:12.880 a common expression these days. And I wondered why five 0:04:13.120 --> 0:04:17.200 I mean, why fifth column? I discovered it comes from 0:04:17.200 --> 0:04:21.479 the Spanish Civil War. One of General Franco's generals, General 0:04:21.480 --> 0:04:27.160 Emil Mohler, had Madrid surrounded by four columns of infantry 0:04:27.560 --> 0:04:30.480 in nineteen thirty six, and he boasted he had a 0:04:30.880 --> 0:04:34.719 fifth column of citizens inside the city who would rise 0:04:34.800 --> 0:04:37.800 up and support him when he attacks, hence the expression 0:04:37.839 --> 0:04:40.240 fifth column. So I was puzzled. 0:04:40.240 --> 0:04:42.600 Now I found out, you've found out. Now we had 0:04:42.640 --> 0:04:45.480 a really interesting one last week, which we put into 0:04:45.560 --> 0:04:48.600 the mixers. Often comes through with potentially one of those 0:04:48.800 --> 0:04:52.960 made up expressions in a specific family. You've looked into 0:04:52.960 --> 0:04:54.000 this one, have you yes? 0:04:54.200 --> 0:04:56.640 For crying down the sink. Someone said her mother used 0:04:56.640 --> 0:04:59.679 to say for crying down the sink, and I hadn't 0:04:59.680 --> 0:05:01.440 heard it before, so I've had to do some digging. 0:05:01.680 --> 0:05:05.800 It turns out it is yet another of those softened blasphemies. 0:05:05.960 --> 0:05:08.479 You know how often we come across these things. The 0:05:08.520 --> 0:05:11.880 first half of the twentieth century was very sensitive to 0:05:11.920 --> 0:05:13.800 this sort of thing. This comes from early in the 0:05:13.880 --> 0:05:18.400 twentieth century. Now, I'll tell you what the blasphemy is, 0:05:19.279 --> 0:05:21.839 which I think is quite offensive. So I'm saying it 0:05:21.960 --> 0:05:22.280 just to. 0:05:22.200 --> 0:05:22.839 Explain to you. 0:05:22.960 --> 0:05:25.960 Yes, I'm going to say the words even though they're offensive. 0:05:26.279 --> 0:05:31.120 The words are for Christ's sake, and to soften that, 0:05:31.160 --> 0:05:34.479 they made it for crying down the sink. Really, Okay, 0:05:34.600 --> 0:05:35.520 that's where it came from. 0:05:35.560 --> 0:05:37.240 Yeah, because a lot of people say for Christ's sake, 0:05:37.240 --> 0:05:39.000 but a lot of people do find the defensive. So 0:05:39.080 --> 0:05:42.760 that's for crying down the sink is a variation of. 0:05:43.560 --> 0:05:45.880 It's wanting to say that without saying. 0:05:45.560 --> 0:05:48.479 It right, because we can actually go through a few 0:05:48.520 --> 0:05:50.800 of those, and part of it, though, it does mean 0:05:50.839 --> 0:05:54.840 you've then got a reference what they actually are. Yes, yes, right, 0:05:54.880 --> 0:05:58.760 So with any of those, you've got to try and 0:05:58.920 --> 0:06:04.240 work out whether there's some terrible blasphony that matches it, 0:06:04.320 --> 0:06:05.839 and maybe that's the clue. Yep. 0:06:05.920 --> 0:06:08.080 And as you and I have discussed quite often on 0:06:08.120 --> 0:06:10.880 this program, there was a period where people were really 0:06:10.920 --> 0:06:13.599 sensitive to that, and so it happened a lot, quite 0:06:13.600 --> 0:06:16.320 a lot of familiar expressions started that way, and then 0:06:16.800 --> 0:06:20.200 we forgot that's where they came from. They simply became 0:06:20.320 --> 0:06:21.839 familiar daily idioms. 0:06:23.279 --> 0:06:27.120 Fascinating, all right, So for crying down the sink, wonderful, right, 0:06:27.240 --> 0:06:28.800 very good, And I hope our listener who brought that 0:06:28.880 --> 0:06:30.839 up last week, we did say we'd look into it. Yes, 0:06:30.960 --> 0:06:31.760 that is terrific. 0:06:31.800 --> 0:06:34.200 So if you're listening, we promised. We've kept our promise. 0:06:34.360 --> 0:06:38.760 Now in terms of your mouth gob, you're talking about 0:06:38.760 --> 0:06:41.279 someone sent it here, you know, I yeah, shut your gob. 0:06:41.600 --> 0:06:42.599 Your mouth is a gob. 0:06:42.720 --> 0:06:45.120 My memory is this is quite old. This goes back 0:06:45.160 --> 0:06:48.279 a long way. I'm not sure exactly how many years. 0:06:49.680 --> 0:06:54.080 I think it goes back to like thirteen fourteen hundred's 0:06:54.080 --> 0:06:58.080 a long way of fifteen hundred something like that. It 0:06:58.839 --> 0:07:02.800 originally accord into the Oxford database. It goes back to 0:07:02.800 --> 0:07:07.440 Scottish Gaelic and in Irish. It started off meaning either 0:07:07.520 --> 0:07:09.680 the mouth or the beak of a bird. 0:07:10.120 --> 0:07:10.640 Wow. 0:07:10.720 --> 0:07:13.920 And it's simply the Gaelic word for mouth. So it 0:07:13.960 --> 0:07:17.040 turned up in Irish Gaelic and Scottish Gaelic, and particularly 0:07:17.040 --> 0:07:19.680 from Scottish Gaelic, it came south of the border and 0:07:19.720 --> 0:07:21.360 became part of the English language. 0:07:21.960 --> 0:07:25.320 Yeah. Now I'm going to ask you. You said thirteen 0:07:25.400 --> 0:07:29.080 hundred and fourteen hundred. Yes, So you go back and 0:07:29.120 --> 0:07:33.040 have a look at the original books where this stuff's written, 0:07:33.120 --> 0:07:36.000 where it originally comes from. You see where it comes from. Yes, 0:07:36.120 --> 0:07:39.920 Now do those books give you an idea of how 0:07:40.240 --> 0:07:42.000 they are pronounced to what the Because this is why 0:07:42.040 --> 0:07:44.960 I've always been curious about about what accents would have 0:07:44.960 --> 0:07:49.360 been used, what those people would have sounded like when 0:07:49.360 --> 0:07:50.680 they were using the language. 0:07:50.760 --> 0:07:54.080 It's a very good question. Before the days of sound recording, 0:07:54.160 --> 0:07:57.480 so that's before the eighteen nineties, we can't say for 0:07:57.680 --> 0:08:01.000 certain what people sounded like, but there are a number 0:08:01.040 --> 0:08:04.000 of clues that just written language will give us. For example, 0:08:04.080 --> 0:08:07.000 if you look at poetry, if one thing rhymes with another, 0:08:07.320 --> 0:08:09.800 then it's clear that that gives you a guide to 0:08:09.840 --> 0:08:14.880 how the pronunciation was. And people sometimes would write about 0:08:15.000 --> 0:08:19.480 or report on the way people sounded. When there were 0:08:19.480 --> 0:08:22.880 some English people who came out to Australia in the 0:08:22.920 --> 0:08:25.800 first half around the middle of the eighteen hundreds, and 0:08:25.840 --> 0:08:28.840 they commented on what they heard as the Australian accent. 0:08:29.360 --> 0:08:31.960 The interesting thing is what they said was it's the 0:08:32.000 --> 0:08:35.320 purest form of English on earth, and the reason was 0:08:35.760 --> 0:08:39.440 it had no elements of English regional dialect in it. 0:08:39.800 --> 0:08:42.400 They had all been flattened out because people had come 0:08:42.400 --> 0:08:44.640 from every part of England, all the dialects had come 0:08:44.679 --> 0:08:47.479 here and to be understood to each other. People consciously 0:08:48.080 --> 0:08:50.760 very early in the piece started flattening them, and with 0:08:50.800 --> 0:08:53.920 their children that process went on further, so the dialects 0:08:53.960 --> 0:08:57.440 got flattened out. And in fact, my own guess is 0:08:57.720 --> 0:09:00.959 probably if you talked to an Australian in the eighteen 0:09:01.000 --> 0:09:05.160 forties eighteen fifties, they would have sounded very much the 0:09:05.200 --> 0:09:06.440 way you and I sound now. 0:09:07.000 --> 0:09:08.800 So I always had this intrigue, and I talk about 0:09:08.840 --> 0:09:11.120 if we get a Dolori back to the future and 0:09:11.160 --> 0:09:14.440 go back somewhere, and you could go back and go 0:09:14.559 --> 0:09:16.640 back to night in eighty until John Lennon to Duck 0:09:16.679 --> 0:09:19.400 and we'd still had him. Stuff like that but I'd 0:09:19.400 --> 0:09:21.840 love I reckon the joy of going all the way 0:09:21.880 --> 0:09:24.679 back and listening to what people were talking about in 0:09:24.720 --> 0:09:27.679 those years. You'll rise at light up. You'd love it. 0:09:27.880 --> 0:09:30.280 Yes, we've only got these clues, as I say, but 0:09:31.240 --> 0:09:33.480 when you're going back to certain periods, there are a 0:09:33.520 --> 0:09:37.240 lot of clues. So there's a Welsh born linguist, a 0:09:37.280 --> 0:09:40.480 Manday David Crystal. Professor David Crystal is a very very 0:09:40.480 --> 0:09:44.000 clever man. And in Shakespeare's day, if you'd listen to 0:09:44.040 --> 0:09:47.880 them speaking English, it would have sounded a bit german 0:09:48.880 --> 0:09:53.679 So the prop and he actually taught the Shakespearean company 0:09:53.679 --> 0:09:56.160 that plays in the Globe Theater in London how to 0:09:56.240 --> 0:10:00.320 do one of Shakespeare's plays in his pronunciation, and they 0:10:00.320 --> 0:10:03.480 did a whole play. Now, I am told by the 0:10:03.520 --> 0:10:05.200 reviewers he went to see it. I wasn't there. I 0:10:05.240 --> 0:10:07.240 didn't say it. I have been there to see plays, 0:10:07.240 --> 0:10:11.400 but not that one that when you started hearing it 0:10:11.400 --> 0:10:14.280 it sounded really odd. But after you've been listening for 0:10:14.280 --> 0:10:16.720 about ten minutes it started to make sense to you. 0:10:16.920 --> 0:10:19.840 But it did sound more Germanic than modern English does. 0:10:20.040 --> 0:10:22.719 Wow. Very interesting really. 0:10:22.559 --> 0:10:25.040 So they can work out a lot about the sounds 0:10:25.040 --> 0:10:26.080 from the past. 0:10:26.080 --> 0:10:29.640 People online will get to your calls, texts, emails with 0:10:29.760 --> 0:10:32.240 kel Richards. It's our word clinic here at twenty three 0:10:32.280 --> 0:10:34.280 minutes past ten. It has been a busy night and 0:10:34.320 --> 0:10:36.440 we are keeping across all the breaking news happening around 0:10:36.480 --> 0:10:38.840 the world. We have been talking camping and off roading. 0:10:39.360 --> 0:10:42.000 Our sponsor ozof Road. One thing that we did learn 0:10:42.040 --> 0:10:44.160 about then there are one hundred percent Australian built, tested 0:10:44.200 --> 0:10:46.520 and tough and ready to explore Australia. 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This is a big city in India 0:11:54.720 --> 0:11:57.360 and this Air India plane it's a seven eight to 0:11:57.440 --> 0:12:01.400 seven Dreamliner, so it's a very it's a big plane. 0:12:01.440 --> 0:12:03.960 It's used right around the world and it was heading 0:12:03.960 --> 0:12:07.440 to Gatwick in the UK. Now they are saying that 0:12:07.800 --> 0:12:12.360 all the people on board have died. Now, just after 0:12:12.360 --> 0:12:15.199 this happened, we described what we saw on the people 0:12:15.200 --> 0:12:17.600 have taken images. The plane was up in the air 0:12:17.640 --> 0:12:20.000 for about eight minutes. It took off, didn't get very 0:12:20.080 --> 0:12:21.920 high and you could see it was struggling to get 0:12:21.920 --> 0:12:24.520 any height. And as you look at it. You can 0:12:24.559 --> 0:12:26.520 only imagine the pilots struggling to try and get the 0:12:26.600 --> 0:12:29.199 nose up. It kept going down and down. They didn't 0:12:29.240 --> 0:12:32.439 show the No one shown the images of the actual crash, 0:12:32.640 --> 0:12:35.640 but you then see this massive plume of smoke, and 0:12:35.720 --> 0:12:37.920 the conclusion I think when you pull that together, would 0:12:37.920 --> 0:12:40.440 be it would be very, very difficult for anyone to 0:12:40.480 --> 0:12:43.760 have survived that. They're also talking though, of what they're 0:12:43.760 --> 0:12:46.679 describing of some sort of either medical hostel or college 0:12:47.000 --> 0:12:50.640 where there were medical staff, doctors that may have been 0:12:51.320 --> 0:12:53.400 living there. Whether they were in there, they're trying to 0:12:53.440 --> 0:12:56.920 work it out. It's a disaster, but they are saying 0:12:56.960 --> 0:12:59.760 at this stage that they haven't found any survivors, whether 0:12:59.760 --> 0:13:02.600 they're got people on the ground they're trying to There 0:13:02.600 --> 0:13:04.520 are people who are missing from that area where the 0:13:04.559 --> 0:13:08.000 doctors were as well. It's a dreadful, dreadful tragedy. And 0:13:08.040 --> 0:13:11.400 there are one hundred and sixty nine Indian citizens. Is 0:13:11.440 --> 0:13:14.520 talking about more than fifty British citizens that was going 0:13:14.559 --> 0:13:18.679 to Gatwick airports and people from Portugal Canada. So we'll 0:13:18.720 --> 0:13:20.520 let you know what's happening there. But that's the latest. 0:13:20.520 --> 0:13:22.079 They are now saying no survivors. 0:13:22.200 --> 0:13:25.160 It's pretty sad, it's pretty awful, and no surprise, I. 0:13:25.120 --> 0:13:28.520 Think seven three is our number. Let's just get to 0:13:28.559 --> 0:13:30.600 a couple of callers here. We're talking words and language 0:13:30.600 --> 0:13:35.600 with Kel Richards. Robin's with us. Hello, Robin, Yes. 0:13:35.440 --> 0:13:39.160 I can John and Kel. I don't know if you've 0:13:39.640 --> 0:13:43.080 seen this man on TV. He polls a sign up 0:13:43.160 --> 0:13:46.880 with Jesus and is the Way the Truth and alife 0:13:46.920 --> 0:13:50.600 and down the opera house and the police come along 0:13:50.679 --> 0:13:52.880 and everything, and they're laying down the law to him 0:13:52.880 --> 0:13:55.000 that he's done allowed to do it. And he said, 0:13:55.040 --> 0:13:56.920 now I'm going to stand on my dig. 0:13:57.120 --> 0:13:58.840 Yeah, so he's not going to move. I'm standing here, 0:13:58.840 --> 0:14:01.440 you're not going to move me. And and the term 0:14:01.440 --> 0:14:03.120 he years was I'm going to stand on my dig? 0:14:03.200 --> 0:14:03.640 Is that right? 0:14:04.240 --> 0:14:04.440 Yeah? 0:14:04.679 --> 0:14:08.760 Yeah, all right? And they couldn't understand that they could 0:14:08.840 --> 0:14:09.480 stand on what? 0:14:11.720 --> 0:14:14.640 Yeah? I mean, I you know what I think. I 0:14:14.679 --> 0:14:17.640 think he was using his own abbreviation of stand on 0:14:17.760 --> 0:14:20.320 my dignity. That's my guess. 0:14:20.440 --> 0:14:22.320 I understand what that means. If you said that to. 0:14:22.280 --> 0:14:27.400 Me, I'm going to stand on my dig In Australia, 0:14:28.040 --> 0:14:31.360 dig I don't think it actually applies to a piece 0:14:31.360 --> 0:14:34.040 of land. Maybe you did in the gold Fields during 0:14:34.040 --> 0:14:37.360 the gold Rushes. But my best guess is I think 0:14:37.400 --> 0:14:39.560 he was actually saying I've seen the clip you're talking about, 0:14:39.600 --> 0:14:41.840 I know what you're talking about, and I'm pretty sure 0:14:42.120 --> 0:14:44.280 he's saying, I'm going to stand on my dignity. That's 0:14:44.280 --> 0:14:47.720 what he means, and that's his own abbreviation of that. 0:14:48.400 --> 0:14:50.920 I think I'll say that you knew exactly what he 0:14:50.960 --> 0:14:54.160 was saying that. Yeah, thank you, Robin. That's an interesting one. 0:14:54.200 --> 0:14:54.920 That's a good one. 0:14:55.440 --> 0:14:56.960 Make a note of that, Kelch You never know, they 0:14:56.960 --> 0:15:01.200 could be good. Follow up with those ones now, George. 0:15:01.240 --> 0:15:08.320 Hello, George Today, John gaikl tragic news there in India, 0:15:08.440 --> 0:15:12.840 very sad. But he's a topical one, John. I know 0:15:12.960 --> 0:15:15.880 you keep on top of all the international sporting news, 0:15:15.920 --> 0:15:18.600 and you know that Australian manager Ange Costa Coogo has 0:15:18.640 --> 0:15:22.520 been sacked by Tottenham Hotspar in the UK and the 0:15:22.600 --> 0:15:26.280 UK press have so the two years that Andrew's been 0:15:26.320 --> 0:15:29.120 in charge of Tottenham, they've been having a field day 0:15:29.200 --> 0:15:33.520 with the way he expresses himself and Ange uses the 0:15:33.560 --> 0:15:38.520 word mate more than your average Australian does these days, 0:15:38.880 --> 0:15:42.200 and they've been focusing on that endlessly, the fact that 0:15:42.240 --> 0:15:46.400 he uses the word mate mate all the time, and 0:15:46.440 --> 0:15:48.680 I don't know both of you have dealt with this 0:15:48.720 --> 0:15:52.480 over the years. It's a pretty obvious one. But I 0:15:52.520 --> 0:15:56.040 was wondering whether the word mate in the Australian vernacular 0:15:56.160 --> 0:15:59.880 has come from the naval term, you know, the naval 0:16:00.080 --> 0:16:03.840 ranking of first mate, second mate, boss mate. Is that 0:16:03.880 --> 0:16:04.640 where it comes from. 0:16:04.800 --> 0:16:06.760 No, I don't think. So it goes back to the 0:16:06.800 --> 0:16:11.520 old idea that mate means a friend, a companion, which 0:16:11.560 --> 0:16:14.800 is which is older than the navy that's recorded from 0:16:15.160 --> 0:16:18.680 thirteen eighty, So back in thirteen eight eighty, mate was 0:16:18.720 --> 0:16:21.200 being used to mean a companion and a friend. So 0:16:21.240 --> 0:16:24.280 it's that's the oldest version of meaning of the word, 0:16:24.640 --> 0:16:26.560 and it's had that meaning in the English language for 0:16:26.600 --> 0:16:30.880 a long time for a range of historical reasons. That word, 0:16:30.920 --> 0:16:34.520 which is definitely English, I mean, it's very old English, 0:16:34.560 --> 0:16:38.080 and we didn't invent it, was used here a lot, 0:16:38.960 --> 0:16:41.320 and certainly by the end of the eighteen hundreds it 0:16:41.400 --> 0:16:47.600 was being used by Henry Henry Lawson and we've we've 0:16:47.640 --> 0:16:50.920 appropriated it. And part of the reason for that is 0:16:51.000 --> 0:16:54.360 because this was seen as being a hostile environment. So 0:16:54.800 --> 0:16:57.320 you didn't go anywhere on your own because it was dangerous. 0:16:57.440 --> 0:16:59.160 You didn't do a job on your own because it 0:16:59.200 --> 0:17:02.760 was dangerous. You needed a mate, right that. And diggers 0:17:02.760 --> 0:17:05.920 on the goldfields needed a mate. So in the bush 0:17:05.960 --> 0:17:08.119 on the gold fields you needed a mate, You needed 0:17:08.119 --> 0:17:10.920 a friend, a companion. That was the word we adopted, 0:17:11.000 --> 0:17:14.280 and it's become our word, and we had we we 0:17:14.280 --> 0:17:16.880 we've found lots of ways to use it. For example, 0:17:17.359 --> 0:17:19.760 John and I keep saying, when you forget someone's name, 0:17:20.000 --> 0:17:22.640 it's really easy to say mate, mate, it's so good 0:17:22.680 --> 0:17:23.399 to see you again. 0:17:23.600 --> 0:17:27.000 Yes, Georgie, you think we think it's it's We kind 0:17:27.000 --> 0:17:29.600 of think it's an Australian word, don't we. 0:17:29.600 --> 0:17:32.480 We do, But but the British actually use it a lot. 0:17:33.080 --> 0:17:33.320 Mate. 0:17:33.359 --> 0:17:36.240 They don't actually emphasize it like we do. We go 0:17:36.640 --> 0:17:39.920 may we stretch it out? 0:17:40.200 --> 0:17:43.159 Well, yeah, there's there was a period probably in the 0:17:43.200 --> 0:17:46.800 eighties and nineties when Labor Party factionalism and the right 0:17:46.840 --> 0:17:48.760 wing of the Labor Party. Remember there's a book called 0:17:48.880 --> 0:17:52.760 Mates Yes, and that was you'd say may. It was 0:17:52.800 --> 0:17:56.000 like a that was almost like they send themselves up. 0:17:56.160 --> 0:17:58.800 So there are two things. One is the pronunciation, and yes, 0:17:58.840 --> 0:18:02.480 our pronunciation is just The other thing is frequency what 0:18:02.600 --> 0:18:05.320 a lot. What linguists do when they're doing research, they 0:18:05.600 --> 0:18:07.760 research the frequency of the word, how often in ten 0:18:07.800 --> 0:18:11.960 thousand words this one turns up and or one hundred 0:18:12.040 --> 0:18:14.399 thousand words or whatever. I would think the frequency in 0:18:14.440 --> 0:18:17.240 Australia would be much higher. So if the frequency in 0:18:17.280 --> 0:18:21.520 Britain would say three hundred per per one hundred thousand 0:18:21.520 --> 0:18:24.040 words in Australia would be double that, I would think 0:18:24.080 --> 0:18:27.440 that would be. I haven't seen the frequency studies. It's 0:18:27.560 --> 0:18:30.800 just me guessing based on what I know about the 0:18:30.840 --> 0:18:32.560 way the English speak and the way we speak. 0:18:32.840 --> 0:18:34.760 Very interesting, all right, thank you, George. Very good. That 0:18:34.800 --> 0:18:38.679 one kritz is softened blasphemy. 0:18:38.920 --> 0:18:41.879 John says it is, and yes, if you'll go back. 0:18:41.760 --> 0:18:43.560 In time, he tell last year Ferdinand not to drive 0:18:43.600 --> 0:18:49.800 to the hospital in Sarajevo in nineteen fourteen. Then Gothic 0:18:49.840 --> 0:18:51.200 comes from German that. 0:18:51.680 --> 0:18:55.960 Oh, yes, yeah, yeah. The word Gothic refers originally to 0:18:56.040 --> 0:18:59.400 the Goths, and the Goths were a savage people who 0:18:59.520 --> 0:19:02.560 raided from the north, so that in fact, the Goths 0:19:02.720 --> 0:19:07.680 were Germanic people, and Gothic has been applied to lots 0:19:07.720 --> 0:19:10.880 of things. Why the word has spread so widely, I'm 0:19:10.920 --> 0:19:13.159 not sure. But you know there's a style of architecture 0:19:13.160 --> 0:19:13.840 which is Gothic. 0:19:14.000 --> 0:19:16.280 Okay, now one of our people here and I think 0:19:16.520 --> 0:19:18.520 he's not being smart. There's a few people try to 0:19:18.560 --> 0:19:20.439 be smart on the text line not sorry to hear 0:19:20.440 --> 0:19:22.720 about you. Drag us tonight always wanted to wine. Rugby 0:19:22.760 --> 0:19:24.760 and rugby league they call a try a try. 0:19:25.600 --> 0:19:28.840 It started out because by getting the ball over the 0:19:28.880 --> 0:19:32.840 line that allowed you to kick for goal. It didn't 0:19:32.880 --> 0:19:37.320 actually in the very early days of rugby played at 0:19:37.359 --> 0:19:42.399 the school rugby before it became a big game, the 0:19:42.520 --> 0:19:45.160 rule was you got the ball over the line that 0:19:45.320 --> 0:19:48.520 gave you the right to kick for goal. So what 0:19:48.560 --> 0:19:50.200 you were trying, what you were doing is you were 0:19:50.359 --> 0:19:53.320 you were going to try to kick for goal. You've 0:19:53.359 --> 0:19:56.120 won a try. You've won the right to kick for goal. 0:19:56.200 --> 0:19:58.600 You've won a try try. That's right. 0:19:58.680 --> 0:20:01.400 So you've won a try, which is the right to 0:20:01.440 --> 0:20:02.720 try and kick a goal. 0:20:03.200 --> 0:20:05.840 And the irony of all that, if we talk about 0:20:05.880 --> 0:20:11.760 different codes, is that if a try, you've got to 0:20:11.760 --> 0:20:13.800 get the ball on the ground, yes, over the line, 0:20:13.880 --> 0:20:16.480 that's right. In American football, You've just got to break 0:20:16.560 --> 0:20:20.200 that line above the line. So if you break that line. 0:20:19.920 --> 0:20:21.760 So they don't have to touch the ground. 0:20:21.600 --> 0:20:23.520 And it's called a touchdown. 0:20:24.000 --> 0:20:26.640 Yes, yes, it's incredible. 0:20:27.200 --> 0:20:31.880 Anyway, now let me go here we go? Oh, Cole says, 0:20:32.119 --> 0:20:35.320