WEBVTT - How one hornet species could sting New Zealand’s environment and economy

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<v Speaker 1>Kiyota.

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<v Speaker 2>I'm Chelsea Daniels and this is the Front Page, a

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<v Speaker 2>daily podcast presented by the New Zealand Herald. Bees are

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<v Speaker 2>tiny but mighty players in New Zealand's environment and economy.

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<v Speaker 2>They pollinate our gardens, native plants and crucial crops, supporting

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<v Speaker 2>biodiversity and food production across the country. But an invasive

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<v Speaker 2>threat is looming, the Queen yellow legged hornet. Since June,

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<v Speaker 2>Biosecurity New Zealand has confirmed several detections of these pests

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<v Speaker 2>across Auckland. Today on the front Page, Mahurangi Honey's Pete

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<v Speaker 2>Johnston is with us to chat local honeymaking and why

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<v Speaker 2>bees are so important. So Pete, can you tell me

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<v Speaker 2>how crucial are bees to New Zealand's environment and agriculture sector.

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<v Speaker 1>Well, it's very important actually, because you know, they're big

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<v Speaker 1>on pollination. They not only pollination pollinate for the agricultural sector,

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<v Speaker 1>but they also pollinate native species, you know, which regeneration

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<v Speaker 1>of native bush which helps the ecosystems.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, pollinate seventy five percent of our food do we eat.

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<v Speaker 2>I often read things about you know, if the health

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<v Speaker 2>of bees is in decline, then we're in big troubles

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<v Speaker 2>because there's such a huge part of the ecosystem.

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<v Speaker 3>Hey, most definitely, Yes, most definitely.

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<v Speaker 2>So what's this hornet that everyone's so worried about at

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<v Speaker 2>the moment, and why is it such a huge biosecurity

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<v Speaker 2>risk for New Zealand.

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<v Speaker 3>Well, at threatens of bees. They prey on the bees.

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<v Speaker 1>They're they're probably similar to the German wasp, which we've

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<v Speaker 1>already been dealing with for quite a while in New Zealand.

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<v Speaker 1>Was there bees, They'll they'll go in there and just

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<v Speaker 1>pretty much annihilate them. They'll they'll eat the bees for protein,

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<v Speaker 1>they'll eat the honey for carbohydrates. They'll just thrive, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>take the German wass for example. In the past that

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<v Speaker 1>they've come into the New Zealand. They've got no predators.

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<v Speaker 1>They're very adaptable to the resources around them. We had

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<v Speaker 1>apriy up north a little bit. We left them with

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<v Speaker 1>a couple of boxes of honey on them. They were

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<v Speaker 1>very strong, fifteen hives on that particular site after harvest

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<v Speaker 1>so sore looking at January, and we didn't bother putting

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<v Speaker 1>our entrance guards on, which sort of gives them a

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<v Speaker 1>little form of protection. And we came back about a

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<v Speaker 1>couple of months later and there was these big German moss.

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<v Speaker 3>They found them and they're just nailing them.

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<v Speaker 1>They'd taken out sixty six percent of that apriy, you know.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's a big problem. Yeah, and not only problems

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<v Speaker 1>for us, but also for a you know, for the

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<v Speaker 1>species in New Zealand. They've got the potential to take

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<v Speaker 1>out all the vertebrates in New Zealand on once they

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<v Speaker 1>get going.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, because I see reports of the queens being found,

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<v Speaker 2>and there seems to be a specific mention of the

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<v Speaker 2>queens being in constructing a nest, or being in the

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<v Speaker 2>throes of construction for a nest. How important is it

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<v Speaker 2>that it doesn't actually solidify? And what happens when they

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<v Speaker 2>get the nest? Are they making a home for all

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<v Speaker 2>their millions of buddies or is the queen pregnant or

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<v Speaker 2>what happens there?

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<v Speaker 1>Well, from my understanding, once again, they'd be similar to

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<v Speaker 1>German German moss does. In between March and February, they

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<v Speaker 1>go into a mating program of their own.

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<v Speaker 3>They'll mate, they'll make about one.

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<v Speaker 1>Thousand to two thousand queens, and then those queens will

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<v Speaker 1>go out hybrid and aw'll be already pregnant and are

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<v Speaker 1>the beggs and them ready to go? And after winter

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<v Speaker 1>they'll come out. In each queen, there's a potential to

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<v Speaker 1>start a new colony.

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<v Speaker 3>These wantings are pretty much the same.

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<v Speaker 1>They don't make as many, I think from my understanding,

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<v Speaker 1>to make on an average about three hundred and three

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<v Speaker 1>point fifty. They can get up to five hundred queens

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<v Speaker 1>through in a season, probably about the same time as

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<v Speaker 1>the German wasp and the common wasp, and they'll go

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<v Speaker 1>and hibernate and then from there so it just goes

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<v Speaker 1>pretty much you do the maths on, it's pretty much exponential.

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<v Speaker 1>So it's really important to nip it in the bud. Now,

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<v Speaker 1>you know, the MPI, Partner's Conservation, whoever, any government department,

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<v Speaker 1>they need to really get on board and get whatever

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<v Speaker 1>resources they can get in there to deal with this critter.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, well you mentioned the moth.

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<v Speaker 3>What else?

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<v Speaker 2>Bees threatened by Argentine.

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<v Speaker 3>Nance is another problem. They've been around.

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<v Speaker 1>Quite noticeable around the pretty much the whole coastline of

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<v Speaker 1>New Zealand, and they're a whack with the balance of

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<v Speaker 1>things here too, and they got the potential to go

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<v Speaker 1>into a carnooka tree and get behind a big weather

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<v Speaker 1>for example, and just eat it alive. We've seen an

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<v Speaker 1>area firsthand where you know, a couple of kill meters

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<v Speaker 1>that way and a couple of kilometers that way, a

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<v Speaker 1>couple of kill meters that way, where the Argentine ance

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<v Speaker 1>are just everywhere. It doesn't matter what you pick up

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<v Speaker 1>that they're there. The Department and Conservation aware of the problem,

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<v Speaker 1>but how to deal with it is a big one.

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<v Speaker 1>We're really conscious conscious of when we move gear from

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<v Speaker 1>those sites that we don't take the ants with us

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<v Speaker 1>to another site. That those particular sites we have our

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<v Speaker 1>bees up on pallets, on legs and motes of water

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<v Speaker 1>or grease on rides of steel, so the ants can't

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<v Speaker 1>get up and attack the bees because they will.

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<v Speaker 3>Once again, they're no different to the wasp or these these.

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<v Speaker 1>Adocrits, these hornets, where you know, they get off on

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<v Speaker 1>them the protein and the carbohydrates from the honey.

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<v Speaker 3>So the full rob mode. The bees are freaking out.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, they pick on the weak highs first and then

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<v Speaker 1>as they go through those week hives they get stronger

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<v Speaker 1>and then it gives them the power the force to

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<v Speaker 1>get into the more stronger heights and take the email

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<v Speaker 1>as well.

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<v Speaker 4>Bumblebees have particularly large and heavy bodies, and flight for

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<v Speaker 4>them can be a real effort. That's particularly so in

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<v Speaker 4>spring when the mornings are cold and queen bumblebees are

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<v Speaker 4>just emerging from their winter sleep. It's only a few

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<v Speaker 4>degrees above freezing, but a queen needs to get started

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<v Speaker 4>early to look for food.

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<v Speaker 2>How well do you think that the biosecurity system supports

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<v Speaker 2>local beekeepers in managing those invasive species.

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<v Speaker 5>We've had a f B American foul brood in the

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<v Speaker 5>country for a long time and that's one of the

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<v Speaker 5>one of the things that are hot on and they've

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<v Speaker 5>got quite a good system where they've got a digital system.

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<v Speaker 1>As a beekeeper or anybody that's got bees, it's by

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<v Speaker 1>law you have to report if you.

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<v Speaker 3>Do get a f B.

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<v Speaker 1>It's like a bacterium that gets into the hives and

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<v Speaker 1>it affects the brood, and by law you've got to

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<v Speaker 1>report it. Basically, dig a hole and put the box

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<v Speaker 1>and b's in the hole and burn them.

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<v Speaker 3>And it's as simple as that. It's quite a good system,

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<v Speaker 3>so they're on board there.

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<v Speaker 1>They've got quite good resources and tracking for all that

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<v Speaker 1>sort of thing. They notify the beekeepers within a five

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<v Speaker 1>k radius if it's reported, so that that particular thing's

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<v Speaker 1>really good. As far as the variamites that have come

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<v Speaker 1>into the country. There's another example of something coming in.

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<v Speaker 1>There's been a burial pain in the butt that came

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<v Speaker 1>in two thousand, in twenty two, and we're dealing with it.

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<v Speaker 3>It's very expensive to deal.

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<v Speaker 1>With How much does it cost to deal with well,

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<v Speaker 1>I can imagine like a fairly established size company running

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<v Speaker 1>maybe two or three thousand hives.

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<v Speaker 3>You know, they've been looking at probably about twenty.

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<v Speaker 1>Thousand dollars every six months and treatments to deal with it.

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<v Speaker 1>So the pharmaceutical companies that are providing these goods for it,

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<v Speaker 1>they're rubbing their hands together, but they are poor or beekeepers.

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<v Speaker 1>They've really you know, they can't manage as many hives

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<v Speaker 1>as what they used to do. As a matter of fact,

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<v Speaker 1>we've actually backed off. We've backed off. We're in a

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<v Speaker 1>small company and it's just my wife and I. My

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<v Speaker 1>son helps us, and we've downsized just so we can

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<v Speaker 1>manage our bees a bit better and keep them healthy.

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<v Speaker 1>Because things can quickly easily get out of control. For example,

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<v Speaker 1>if you have a really good honey flow like we've

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<v Speaker 1>had in the last couple of years, be populations pick

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<v Speaker 1>up from about five to ten thousand bees up to

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<v Speaker 1>about forty even sixty thousand bees per hive, and then

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<v Speaker 1>say January, you'll take the honey off and then the

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<v Speaker 1>bee population comes down, but the mic population is still there.

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<v Speaker 1>It's increased with population with those bee populations, and they

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<v Speaker 1>just smash the bees hard in autumn.

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<v Speaker 3>They're a real problem, Yeah, real problem.

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<v Speaker 2>Is there anything that can be done about them, like

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<v Speaker 2>to eradicate them completely or do you just have to

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<v Speaker 2>live with the consequences of having them there now?

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah, that's pretty much it, I think.

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<v Speaker 1>And you know, like we've got a lot of young

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<v Speaker 1>enthusiastic guys coming through and we're kind of hoping how

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<v Speaker 1>the country's working on it as well, New Zealand and Australia.

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<v Speaker 3>Australia has just got it.

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<v Speaker 1>We're getting mailed by it quite hard because we have

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<v Speaker 1>big populations of bees on our honey flows.

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<v Speaker 3>Yeah.

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<v Speaker 1>In other countries where it's a bit more cool up

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<v Speaker 1>in Europe, they have a brewd break the bees. The

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<v Speaker 1>queens stop laying so they don't get They don't get

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<v Speaker 1>them as bad as what we do. There are I

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<v Speaker 1>think there are different species of my and maybe even

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<v Speaker 1>different strains they may. My prediction is they probably more

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<v Speaker 1>than likely sort of like hot fybridiz, they may you know,

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<v Speaker 1>evolve stronger, you know, sort of yeah, that way there,

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<v Speaker 1>because we've got other problems coming up in the future,

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<v Speaker 1>possibly where they become resistance to some of the organic

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<v Speaker 1>or generic treatments that we're thrown at them, you know, eg,

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<v Speaker 1>Like the ones that we get from the pharmaceuticals to

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<v Speaker 1>to bring the light. Might levels right down in autumn

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<v Speaker 1>when there's no honey on there. That's when you treat them,

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<v Speaker 1>and you might levels right down, and then they'll they'll

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<v Speaker 1>come slightly come back up again the next season.

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<v Speaker 3>With you know, the bee population coming up.

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<v Speaker 1>One of the problems we faces, like the last couple

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<v Speaker 1>of seasons have been really swarm seasons.

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<v Speaker 3>So if you haven't got control of the a breeze,

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<v Speaker 3>they'll swarm.

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<v Speaker 1>I mean that's a great thing, but if a bee

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<v Speaker 1>colony goes into a tree you haven't got to bee

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<v Speaker 1>keeper caring for it, they'll die out over late autumn

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<v Speaker 1>winter and then we'll treat our bees and they'll be

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<v Speaker 1>all all good. But then they'll go and rob the

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<v Speaker 1>honey off the bese and the trees that have or cows,

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<v Speaker 1>sheep walls, et cetera that are wild that have gone feral,

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<v Speaker 1>and bring the mites back, and you'll have reinfestation of

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<v Speaker 1>these mites. So we've got mites, we've got Argentine hands,

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<v Speaker 1>we've got German wasp and common moss. We do not

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<v Speaker 1>need the Asian hornets, yellow leg torn No, it.

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<v Speaker 2>Sounds like you're dealing with a whole bunch of stuff already.

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<v Speaker 2>So I can imagine why you guys are worried. What

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<v Speaker 2>worries you most about the future of beekeeping in New Zealand,

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<v Speaker 2>Well that.

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<v Speaker 1>In particular, Like I know the beekeepers and they're really enthusiastic,

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<v Speaker 1>really innovaded, highly motivated, educated, and they put they've got

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<v Speaker 1>everything on the line. There's already big companies going bust

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<v Speaker 1>at the moment because you know, with the on running

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<v Speaker 1>costs and honey's come down in price a bit, they

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<v Speaker 1>are struggling. They've got everything on the line. So it's

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<v Speaker 1>going to make it it's going to make it even

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<v Speaker 1>more tricky. They've got something else to deal with like

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<v Speaker 1>this creature. So we've only got a short window of

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<v Speaker 1>opportunity to get it, and that's pretty much between now

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<v Speaker 1>and winter. So MPI Department's conservation, they're pretty much got

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<v Speaker 1>to throw everything at it, even to the point probably

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<v Speaker 1>where some ideas, you know, like I like the idea

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<v Speaker 1>where they're putting pamphlets out in the Glenfield area where

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<v Speaker 1>it's been found, educating people. People in the Glenfield area

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<v Speaker 1>need to google this creature, become familiar with it.

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<v Speaker 3>You know, it's easy to do.

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<v Speaker 1>It's pretty distinctive in its appearances. They need to get

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<v Speaker 1>to get on board with that and go out there

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<v Speaker 1>looking for it. The government departments could possibly look at

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<v Speaker 1>getting private contractors, and there are contractors out there that

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<v Speaker 1>eradicate rates and weeds and stuff like that.

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<v Speaker 3>I'm sure people on the ground you know.

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<v Speaker 4>This far.

0:13:08.400 --> 0:13:13.000
<v Speaker 3>I gotta say something. You're like jazz. You're talking to humans.

0:13:13.160 --> 0:13:17.000
<v Speaker 1>You're flying outside behind very deep beats there.

0:13:17.200 --> 0:13:19.120
<v Speaker 2>So you see soda spilled on a sidewalk and you

0:13:19.160 --> 0:13:19.760
<v Speaker 2>don't drink it.

0:13:20.840 --> 0:13:23.640
<v Speaker 4>Is a little bee. He's not bothering anybody.

0:13:23.679 --> 0:13:27.240
<v Speaker 2>Get out of here, your creep discovering a big secret.

0:13:27.360 --> 0:13:28.240
<v Speaker 3>How did this get here?

0:13:28.400 --> 0:13:31.600
<v Speaker 1>Is this honeyberry just is stealing cute bee?

0:13:31.840 --> 0:13:34.880
<v Speaker 4>Golden blossom? Rayly Yoda private select.

0:13:37.160 --> 0:13:40.160
<v Speaker 2>It does seem like quite a slippery slope if it

0:13:40.400 --> 0:13:44.720
<v Speaker 2>does take hold. Can you remember when I suppose the

0:13:44.720 --> 0:13:48.120
<v Speaker 2>first couple of moths were found, or the first couple

0:13:48.160 --> 0:13:52.240
<v Speaker 2>of those ants were found, how quickly did they take hold?

0:13:52.800 --> 0:13:54.440
<v Speaker 3>Well they did with a moth, I can.

0:13:54.840 --> 0:13:59.800
<v Speaker 1>I can quite clearly remember the the orion circling Auckland's

0:14:00.080 --> 0:14:01.920
<v Speaker 1>wise And I don't know what they were spraying around

0:14:01.920 --> 0:14:03.880
<v Speaker 1>in the skies. I don't know if that's a street

0:14:03.920 --> 0:14:06.640
<v Speaker 1>that we need to go up. That's that's that'd be

0:14:06.640 --> 0:14:10.640
<v Speaker 1>a major concern, especially spraying over a populated area. I'm

0:14:10.640 --> 0:14:14.880
<v Speaker 1>sure they'll get a lot of flak from that. That's

0:14:14.920 --> 0:14:17.280
<v Speaker 1>a big, big one. That's where he needs a lot

0:14:17.320 --> 0:14:17.679
<v Speaker 1>of thought.

0:14:17.720 --> 0:14:18.719
<v Speaker 3>But suit me.

0:14:18.760 --> 0:14:24.680
<v Speaker 1>People on the ground doing surveillance, traps, lots of traps

0:14:24.720 --> 0:14:27.160
<v Speaker 1>they can use out there to try and catch it,

0:14:27.240 --> 0:14:31.000
<v Speaker 1>and basically looking looking on northern slopes, warm gullies around

0:14:31.040 --> 0:14:33.040
<v Speaker 1>that area. If it makes its way out of that

0:14:33.120 --> 0:14:35.880
<v Speaker 1>area into the bush, she's pretty much over read rover.

0:14:36.480 --> 0:14:38.920
<v Speaker 1>We won't get it. Yeah, if it's anything like the

0:14:39.000 --> 0:14:39.600
<v Speaker 1>German boss.

0:14:40.280 --> 0:14:44.520
<v Speaker 2>How can everyday ordinary New Zealanders try and help not

0:14:44.560 --> 0:14:48.000
<v Speaker 2>only looking out for this was, but for bees in general.

0:14:48.120 --> 0:14:52.000
<v Speaker 2>I mean I've seen videos of people sprinkling wildflowers in

0:14:52.040 --> 0:14:54.400
<v Speaker 2>their in their gardens or something. I mean, does that

0:14:54.440 --> 0:14:55.440
<v Speaker 2>stuff actually work?

0:14:56.040 --> 0:14:56.520
<v Speaker 3>I think so?

0:14:56.640 --> 0:15:00.640
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, great, that'd be great year Like borage and herbs,

0:15:00.640 --> 0:15:02.440
<v Speaker 1>they could look at look it up fruit trees in

0:15:02.480 --> 0:15:05.400
<v Speaker 1>the back yard. They'll better prosper from the pollination as well.

0:15:05.440 --> 0:15:07.560
<v Speaker 1>You know, the pollinations off the scale. If you've got

0:15:07.880 --> 0:15:13.680
<v Speaker 1>bees around, maybe it's being mindful when they're using herbicides

0:15:13.680 --> 0:15:17.200
<v Speaker 1>and then sector sides if they decide to use them

0:15:17.720 --> 0:15:21.040
<v Speaker 1>and use them spearingly. If you can pull out a weed,

0:15:21.680 --> 0:15:25.240
<v Speaker 1>pull it out, don't need to spray it. Thistles, for example,

0:15:25.280 --> 0:15:27.600
<v Speaker 1>you don't need to spray this was. We used to

0:15:27.680 --> 0:15:29.440
<v Speaker 1>just grub them with a grub. It's just as quick,

0:15:30.280 --> 0:15:32.440
<v Speaker 1>good workout. You don't need to go to the gym

0:15:32.480 --> 0:15:36.600
<v Speaker 1>if you're doing that sort of stuff. Yeah, there's lots

0:15:36.640 --> 0:15:40.560
<v Speaker 1>of things that that can be done to help the bees.

0:15:41.000 --> 0:15:43.920
<v Speaker 1>There's legislation that was brought out years ago that you

0:15:43.960 --> 0:15:48.760
<v Speaker 1>can personally be personally liable if you spray plants that

0:15:48.800 --> 0:15:51.800
<v Speaker 1>are in flour when the bleak, when the honey flowers

0:15:51.840 --> 0:15:55.680
<v Speaker 1>on and the bee populations are high, so each like

0:15:55.680 --> 0:15:57.760
<v Speaker 1>a farm or something like that, spray and gorse when

0:15:57.880 --> 0:16:00.640
<v Speaker 1>and fully in flour. Those sorts of things really need

0:16:00.680 --> 0:16:03.200
<v Speaker 1>to be done at the right in the right season,

0:16:03.200 --> 0:16:06.080
<v Speaker 1>at the right time. But yeah, there is legislation that

0:16:06.160 --> 0:16:08.680
<v Speaker 1>they can actually be liable for all costs.

0:16:10.160 --> 0:16:12.000
<v Speaker 3>The damage is done to an aprick.

0:16:12.080 --> 0:16:15.880
<v Speaker 2>For example, if a young person came up to you

0:16:15.920 --> 0:16:20.800
<v Speaker 2>tomorrow and said, I want a career in beekeeping. It's

0:16:20.840 --> 0:16:24.000
<v Speaker 2>my lifelong dream, what would you tell them. Would you

0:16:24.040 --> 0:16:26.960
<v Speaker 2>say pack it in, go to UNI and learn something else,

0:16:27.120 --> 0:16:28.880
<v Speaker 2>or would you say stick with it.

0:16:29.400 --> 0:16:30.400
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, No, they really.

0:16:30.200 --> 0:16:33.440
<v Speaker 1>Need to, you know, someone who's young, an enthusiastic and

0:16:33.520 --> 0:16:34.640
<v Speaker 1>once to get into beekeeping.

0:16:34.880 --> 0:16:37.000
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, go for it. Yeah, we definitely need the more

0:16:37.000 --> 0:16:37.600
<v Speaker 3>people come in.

0:16:37.600 --> 0:16:41.920
<v Speaker 1>And there's been a decline and beekeepers and beg companies

0:16:41.960 --> 0:16:45.640
<v Speaker 1>have been you know, well with ongoing costs and you know,

0:16:45.680 --> 0:16:47.240
<v Speaker 1>these problems that we're having worth.

0:16:47.120 --> 0:16:53.080
<v Speaker 3>Mines for example, especially dropping honey prices.

0:16:53.880 --> 0:16:56.520
<v Speaker 1>There's definitely been in decline and bee companies have been

0:16:56.600 --> 0:17:01.600
<v Speaker 1>dropping left, right and center. There was an increase in

0:17:01.640 --> 0:17:03.760
<v Speaker 1>the from about twenty nineteen.

0:17:03.800 --> 0:17:05.520
<v Speaker 3>It was a big.

0:17:04.960 --> 0:17:06.760
<v Speaker 1>Increase because it was a bit of a gold rush.

0:17:06.800 --> 0:17:09.399
<v Speaker 1>Honey prices were good. A lot of people jumped on board.

0:17:10.720 --> 0:17:13.159
<v Speaker 1>But yeah, there's a light at the end of the tunnel.

0:17:13.200 --> 0:17:16.280
<v Speaker 1>It's a great industry to be in, even starting off.

0:17:16.320 --> 0:17:17.879
<v Speaker 1>Being a hobbyist is the way to go, you know,

0:17:17.920 --> 0:17:20.399
<v Speaker 1>and get the feel of it. Get some knowledge behind

0:17:20.400 --> 0:17:22.280
<v Speaker 1>you before you jump in with both feet. You've got

0:17:22.640 --> 0:17:23.600
<v Speaker 1>less to lose.

0:17:23.359 --> 0:17:25.600
<v Speaker 3>That way, you know. Lots of lot can go wrong.

0:17:25.440 --> 0:17:28.120
<v Speaker 1>When you're a beekeeper if you haven't got control, that's

0:17:28.119 --> 0:17:28.520
<v Speaker 1>for sure.

0:17:28.800 --> 0:17:31.199
<v Speaker 2>Thanks for joining us, Pete no worries.

0:17:31.359 --> 0:17:32.840
<v Speaker 3>Hopefully that's helpful information.

0:17:36.680 --> 0:17:39.800
<v Speaker 2>That's it for this episode of The Front Page. You

0:17:39.840 --> 0:17:43.600
<v Speaker 2>can read more about today's stories and extensive news coverage

0:17:43.600 --> 0:17:47.639
<v Speaker 2>at nsidherld dot co dot nz. The Front Page is

0:17:47.640 --> 0:17:50.760
<v Speaker 2>produced by Jane Ye and Richard Martin, who was also

0:17:50.960 --> 0:17:55.400
<v Speaker 2>our editor. I'm Chelsea Daniels. Subscribe to The Front Page

0:17:55.440 --> 0:17:59.040
<v Speaker 2>on iHeartRadio or wherever you get your podcasts, and tune

0:17:59.080 --> 0:18:02.080
<v Speaker 2>in on Monday for another look behind the headlines.