1 00:00:07,133 --> 00:00:10,453 Speaker 1: You're listening to the Saturday Morning with Jack Tame podcast 2 00:00:10,573 --> 00:00:11,773 Speaker 1: from News talks At. 3 00:00:11,653 --> 00:00:14,853 Speaker 2: By doctor Brian Betty is our resident doctor. 4 00:00:14,893 --> 00:00:17,373 Speaker 3: Good morning, Serve, Oh good morning Jack. 5 00:00:17,453 --> 00:00:19,093 Speaker 2: Nice to be here, you nice to be chatting. We're 6 00:00:19,093 --> 00:00:22,133 Speaker 2: taking a cloger look this morning at younger onset type 7 00:00:22,133 --> 00:00:24,613 Speaker 2: two diabetes. So let's start off with just a quick reminder. 8 00:00:24,653 --> 00:00:26,653 Speaker 2: What's the difference between T one and T two? 9 00:00:27,853 --> 00:00:30,973 Speaker 3: Yes, So, look, diabetes affects more than three hundred thousand 10 00:00:31,013 --> 00:00:33,213 Speaker 3: people in New Zealand. Now the cost of the country 11 00:00:33,253 --> 00:00:35,853 Speaker 3: is about two point one billion a year and the 12 00:00:35,933 --> 00:00:39,373 Speaker 3: really interesting figure that'ser point six seven percent of our GDP. 13 00:00:39,893 --> 00:00:42,573 Speaker 3: So this is a big issue now. It occurs when 14 00:00:42,613 --> 00:00:45,853 Speaker 3: the pancreas doesn't produce enough inchulin, which is a thing 15 00:00:45,853 --> 00:00:49,333 Speaker 3: that controls blood sugars. So type one usually occurs at 16 00:00:49,333 --> 00:00:52,293 Speaker 3: a younger age and it's where the body turns on itself. 17 00:00:52,773 --> 00:00:55,133 Speaker 3: Is it what we call an autoimmune reaction, and it 18 00:00:55,173 --> 00:00:58,973 Speaker 3: shuts down the pancreas and it can't produce inchulin. Type 19 00:00:59,013 --> 00:01:02,053 Speaker 3: two is more common with age, and essentially the pancreas 20 00:01:02,093 --> 00:01:05,653 Speaker 3: wears out, it starts to run down, can't produce enough inchulin. 21 00:01:05,773 --> 00:01:08,493 Speaker 3: Can't control the sugars and over time the sugars start 22 00:01:08,533 --> 00:01:12,613 Speaker 3: to rise. So they are very two, very very different conditions. 23 00:01:12,653 --> 00:01:15,573 Speaker 2: So what's happening with type two diabetes in New Zealand? 24 00:01:16,613 --> 00:01:19,053 Speaker 3: So look, big big numbers are two hundred and fifty 25 00:01:19,053 --> 00:01:21,773 Speaker 3: thousand to three hundred thousand. We have type two diabetes 26 00:01:22,373 --> 00:01:26,493 Speaker 3: previously seen mostly in people over the age of fifty. However, 27 00:01:26,573 --> 00:01:29,733 Speaker 3: and this is what's happened over the last twenty five years. 28 00:01:29,813 --> 00:01:34,933 Speaker 3: It's increasingly incurring in younger people, even now teenagers and children, 29 00:01:35,053 --> 00:01:37,933 Speaker 3: and we never ever saw that before. Now this is 30 00:01:37,933 --> 00:01:42,773 Speaker 3: happening particularly in Maori, Pacifica and Asian young people. And this, 31 00:01:42,973 --> 00:01:45,333 Speaker 3: as I said, not seen thirty years ago. So this 32 00:01:45,413 --> 00:01:49,173 Speaker 3: is a really new and very very concerning trend that 33 00:01:49,333 --> 00:01:51,613 Speaker 3: started to develop over the last couple of decades. 34 00:01:51,693 --> 00:01:53,253 Speaker 2: Do we know why it's happening? 35 00:01:54,333 --> 00:01:57,773 Speaker 3: Look, the exact cause is very unclear. Now it's a 36 00:01:57,853 --> 00:02:02,893 Speaker 3: worldwide phenomenon, especially in indigenous populations. So First Nations people 37 00:02:02,973 --> 00:02:06,853 Speaker 3: in Canada, First Nations in America are Aboriginals seen this 38 00:02:06,973 --> 00:02:11,933 Speaker 3: across the world. Now, it's complex, It's more than just lifestyle. 39 00:02:12,573 --> 00:02:16,733 Speaker 3: It likely involves genetics, maybe a strong family history. We 40 00:02:16,813 --> 00:02:19,933 Speaker 3: know that mothers who have type two diabetes during pregnancy 41 00:02:19,973 --> 00:02:24,533 Speaker 3: there's an increased risk with their children, and this perhaps 42 00:02:24,613 --> 00:02:28,413 Speaker 3: happening earlier as well, and we do know that some 43 00:02:28,493 --> 00:02:33,773 Speaker 3: lifestyle factors are involved. However, we really do need more 44 00:02:33,773 --> 00:02:36,613 Speaker 3: research because it's very very poorly understood as to why 45 00:02:36,653 --> 00:02:37,293 Speaker 3: this is occurring. 46 00:02:37,453 --> 00:02:38,893 Speaker 2: Yeah, but it's certainly worrying. Right. 47 00:02:39,893 --> 00:02:44,053 Speaker 3: Oh, look, look, I think the real concern here is 48 00:02:44,173 --> 00:02:47,373 Speaker 3: that early onset type two diabetes has a much more 49 00:02:47,613 --> 00:02:51,013 Speaker 3: what we for better want of a better word, aggressive course, 50 00:02:51,573 --> 00:02:54,893 Speaker 3: so those complications such as kidney disease, heart disease, and 51 00:02:54,933 --> 00:02:58,733 Speaker 3: stroke can occur at a much earlier age. Now, this 52 00:02:58,813 --> 00:03:01,853 Speaker 3: is a significant cost of the health system, as I've said, 53 00:03:02,013 --> 00:03:05,413 Speaker 3: but it's an even greater cost to the patient, to 54 00:03:05,453 --> 00:03:09,773 Speaker 3: their fauner and to communities. So it's something we really 55 00:03:09,773 --> 00:03:11,453 Speaker 3: really need to start to take note of. 56 00:03:11,653 --> 00:03:14,373 Speaker 2: Yeah, right, okay, And are there things that you know 57 00:03:14,413 --> 00:03:17,133 Speaker 2: we can do Although we don't understand the specific reasons 58 00:03:17,133 --> 00:03:18,653 Speaker 2: for the spike, there are things that we can do 59 00:03:18,773 --> 00:03:23,733 Speaker 2: to try and reduce the instances of T two right, Yeah. 60 00:03:23,573 --> 00:03:27,493 Speaker 3: Look, look, I think it's awareness and education around diabetes 61 00:03:27,613 --> 00:03:31,093 Speaker 3: is really really important. I mean I think we do 62 00:03:31,173 --> 00:03:34,573 Speaker 3: need to provide strong wrap round support for younger people 63 00:03:34,613 --> 00:03:37,613 Speaker 3: with diabetes. That's both from a medical sense and a 64 00:03:37,693 --> 00:03:41,973 Speaker 3: community sense. In terms of what's happening. I think awareness 65 00:03:41,973 --> 00:03:44,533 Speaker 3: of the symptoms of diabetes is really really important. So 66 00:03:45,573 --> 00:03:49,813 Speaker 3: the big four a weight loss, tiredness, frequent going to 67 00:03:49,853 --> 00:03:53,173 Speaker 3: the toilet, a urination or excess of thirst, those are 68 00:03:53,213 --> 00:03:55,253 Speaker 3: the ones to watch out for. I mean, certainly, if 69 00:03:55,293 --> 00:03:59,333 Speaker 3: any of those happen, please see your GP or your nurse. 70 00:04:00,333 --> 00:04:03,093 Speaker 3: And remember, I think it can occur at any age. 71 00:04:03,173 --> 00:04:04,813 Speaker 3: So we just need to be aware of this now 72 00:04:04,853 --> 00:04:08,613 Speaker 3: that the shift has occurred, and we just need to 73 00:04:07,853 --> 00:04:10,173 Speaker 3: be the front of mind about this. 74 00:04:10,533 --> 00:04:13,173 Speaker 2: Yeah, okay, fascinating. Thank you so much, Brian. We really 75 00:04:13,173 --> 00:04:15,493 Speaker 2: appreciate it, and we'll make sure all of those points 76 00:04:15,493 --> 00:04:18,013 Speaker 2: are up on the website. That's doctor Brian Betty, our 77 00:04:18,053 --> 00:04:18,813 Speaker 2: resident doctor. 78 00:04:19,493 --> 00:04:22,573 Speaker 1: For more from Saturday Morning with Jack Tame, listen live 79 00:04:22,693 --> 00:04:25,493 Speaker 1: to News Talks ed B from nine am Saturday, or 80 00:04:25,573 --> 00:04:27,413 Speaker 1: follow the podcast on iHeartRadio.