1 00:00:04,920 --> 00:00:05,360 Speaker 1: Kiota. 2 00:00:05,440 --> 00:00:08,880 Speaker 2: I'm Chelsea Daniels and this is the Front Page, a 3 00:00:08,960 --> 00:00:16,599 Speaker 2: daily podcast presented by the New Zealand Herald. Most of 4 00:00:16,760 --> 00:00:21,040 Speaker 2: central Auckland sits on the remains of fifty three volcanic 5 00:00:21,239 --> 00:00:24,759 Speaker 2: cones and craters. Well, there's no way of knowing when 6 00:00:24,800 --> 00:00:28,600 Speaker 2: an eruption will happen. It's been said time and time again. 7 00:00:28,920 --> 00:00:32,760 Speaker 2: It's not a case of if, but when. New research 8 00:00:32,880 --> 00:00:37,800 Speaker 2: now suggests that deathly clouds of hot, fast moving gas 9 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:42,920 Speaker 2: and debris could travel much further than previously thought if 10 00:00:43,040 --> 00:00:46,880 Speaker 2: an eruption happened in Auckland. But how likely is it 11 00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:50,880 Speaker 2: that a volcanic eruption could happen in Auckland in our lifetime? 12 00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:55,080 Speaker 2: And what can we gain from this new research? Today 13 00:00:55,120 --> 00:00:58,040 Speaker 2: on the front Page, we're talking to University of Auckland 14 00:00:58,080 --> 00:01:09,720 Speaker 2: professor Jen Lindsay, who spearheading this research into our volcanic threats. So, Jan, 15 00:01:09,959 --> 00:01:12,919 Speaker 2: we see these stories every few months about the threat 16 00:01:13,000 --> 00:01:16,000 Speaker 2: of a new volcanic eruption in Auckland. I guess the 17 00:01:16,080 --> 00:01:19,280 Speaker 2: big question to get out of the way initially is 18 00:01:19,840 --> 00:01:22,640 Speaker 2: are we talking about an immediate threat or are we 19 00:01:22,760 --> 00:01:24,520 Speaker 2: gazing into a crystal ball here? 20 00:01:24,680 --> 00:01:27,880 Speaker 3: You no we're definitely not talking about an immediate threat. 21 00:01:28,440 --> 00:01:32,440 Speaker 3: I mean to put things into perspective. We've had about 22 00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:37,600 Speaker 3: fifty three eruptions and volcanoes form over a two hundred 23 00:01:37,600 --> 00:01:40,880 Speaker 3: thousand year period, So it's a long period of time, 24 00:01:41,760 --> 00:01:44,720 Speaker 3: and there have been quite a few volcanoes formed in 25 00:01:44,800 --> 00:01:47,640 Speaker 3: that time. But in order to try and work out 26 00:01:47,680 --> 00:01:51,600 Speaker 3: what the likelihood is of a future event happening, you 27 00:01:51,640 --> 00:01:54,840 Speaker 3: have to sort of look at how often the volcanoes 28 00:01:55,280 --> 00:01:57,720 Speaker 3: have erupted over that time and what the pattern is, 29 00:01:57,880 --> 00:02:01,480 Speaker 3: and you know, the distribution of the eruption. So you 30 00:02:01,520 --> 00:02:05,200 Speaker 3: could just do an average of say fifty three volcanoes 31 00:02:05,200 --> 00:02:07,480 Speaker 3: over two hundred thousand year period. That gives you, you know, 32 00:02:07,520 --> 00:02:10,000 Speaker 3: an average of one every I don't know, three thousand, 33 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:12,960 Speaker 3: six hundred years or something. But that's not a true 34 00:02:12,960 --> 00:02:17,400 Speaker 3: reflection of the of actually the situation we're in at 35 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:19,959 Speaker 3: the moment, because the last sixty thousand years we've had 36 00:02:20,000 --> 00:02:24,839 Speaker 3: more events than in the previous times before then. So 37 00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:27,320 Speaker 3: what you can actually do, and what researchers have done 38 00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:30,880 Speaker 3: is they've said, okay, well let's look at the time 39 00:02:30,960 --> 00:02:34,440 Speaker 3: between eruptions, which we call the repose period, and we 40 00:02:34,520 --> 00:02:39,160 Speaker 3: can find out which repose period is the median reposed period. 41 00:02:39,240 --> 00:02:42,480 Speaker 3: Turns out that's about five hundred years. And then you 42 00:02:42,520 --> 00:02:46,720 Speaker 3: can also look at what the repose period is that's 43 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:49,560 Speaker 3: most common, that's what we call the mode, and that 44 00:02:49,760 --> 00:02:54,960 Speaker 3: is also around say five hundred years. So what that 45 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:58,079 Speaker 3: basically means is over the last sixty thousand years, it's 46 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:01,160 Speaker 3: been quite common for volcanoes to have five hundred year 47 00:03:01,400 --> 00:03:05,720 Speaker 3: period between eruptions or between forming new eruptions, so forming 48 00:03:05,720 --> 00:03:09,320 Speaker 3: new volcanoes. So we can take that as an indication of, 49 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:13,160 Speaker 3: you know, the sort of likelihood of a future eruption. 50 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:16,680 Speaker 3: So it turns out that a one in five hundred 51 00:03:16,800 --> 00:03:20,840 Speaker 3: year event is roughly about a ten percent chance in 52 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:23,760 Speaker 3: any fifty year period. It's a very long answer, but 53 00:03:23,840 --> 00:03:27,160 Speaker 3: it is a complicated concept to get your head around. Well, 54 00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:30,440 Speaker 3: no imminent threat, but definitely something that could happen in 55 00:03:30,440 --> 00:03:33,560 Speaker 3: the future. So yes, we're really trying to study the 56 00:03:33,600 --> 00:03:34,400 Speaker 3: volcanic field. 57 00:03:35,120 --> 00:03:38,680 Speaker 2: Right, So the latest eruption in Auckland was about six 58 00:03:38,840 --> 00:03:43,360 Speaker 2: hundred years ago, so I believe, but it is still 59 00:03:43,480 --> 00:03:44,760 Speaker 2: considered active. 60 00:03:45,000 --> 00:03:46,840 Speaker 3: Can you talk to us about that? 61 00:03:46,920 --> 00:03:50,400 Speaker 2: Okay, when I hear active, I think, right, should I 62 00:03:50,440 --> 00:03:51,200 Speaker 2: live in Mount Eden. 63 00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:55,240 Speaker 3: Should I move, Yeah, No, it's it's one of those 64 00:03:55,280 --> 00:03:59,520 Speaker 3: words a active, dormant, extinct. What do they actually mean, Well, 65 00:04:00,000 --> 00:04:04,280 Speaker 3: the Auckland volcanic field. Each volcano is sort of a 66 00:04:04,320 --> 00:04:08,520 Speaker 3: one hit wonder, So typically volcano forms and then it 67 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:13,960 Speaker 3: sort of dies, but the field itself is considered potentially active. 68 00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,599 Speaker 3: I prefer that term potentially active rather than active, because 69 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:20,240 Speaker 3: active to me also implies what something's happening right now. 70 00:04:21,120 --> 00:04:23,400 Speaker 3: So it's potentially active. That means there could be another 71 00:04:23,520 --> 00:04:28,920 Speaker 3: eruption in the future, unlikely to be from any existing vent. 72 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:33,680 Speaker 3: Although we do know that Rangututo did erupt twice, with 73 00:04:33,800 --> 00:04:36,719 Speaker 3: a few decades in between those eruptions, about six hundred 74 00:04:36,760 --> 00:04:39,480 Speaker 3: years ago, and we also know that there is let's 75 00:04:39,520 --> 00:04:44,040 Speaker 3: say that the magma beneath a Rangutata that has now frozen, 76 00:04:44,120 --> 00:04:47,880 Speaker 3: that is now solidified, I should say, is still warm. 77 00:04:48,480 --> 00:04:51,120 Speaker 3: So it's still warm and it's enough to generate sort 78 00:04:51,120 --> 00:04:53,400 Speaker 3: of signals that we can see and when we use 79 00:04:53,400 --> 00:04:56,920 Speaker 3: our GeOH physical techniques. So it's cooling down, solid it's 80 00:04:56,920 --> 00:04:59,359 Speaker 3: calling down, but it's still warm. So you know, in 81 00:04:59,440 --> 00:05:02,039 Speaker 3: geological terms, six hundred years is not a very long 82 00:05:02,080 --> 00:05:05,159 Speaker 3: time It's certainly possible that the field could erupt again, 83 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:09,719 Speaker 3: but it's unlikely that any individual vent will erupt again. 84 00:05:09,960 --> 00:05:13,559 Speaker 3: There's no greater chance than that one of those would 85 00:05:13,720 --> 00:05:15,320 Speaker 3: erupt again than anywhere else. 86 00:05:15,440 --> 00:05:21,160 Speaker 4: Put it that way, The mythology surrounding Awkland's volcanoes are 87 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:24,159 Speaker 4: really fascinating, and it's thought that the Maldi gods Matajoe 88 00:05:24,200 --> 00:05:27,640 Speaker 4: and rural Molco brought volcanoes and earthquakes to the city. 89 00:05:28,200 --> 00:05:30,479 Speaker 4: Many of the mountains and craters around Mungary to this 90 00:05:30,600 --> 00:05:34,599 Speaker 4: day are still called the Sacred Footprints of Matahoe. The 91 00:05:34,680 --> 00:05:37,960 Speaker 4: volcanoes of Auckland whore once the most densely populated areas 92 00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:41,800 Speaker 4: by Maldi prior to European arrival. Their height provided ideal 93 00:05:41,800 --> 00:05:46,120 Speaker 4: defense opportunities, and their rich volcanic soils provided really great gardening. 94 00:05:46,880 --> 00:05:49,160 Speaker 4: To this day, you can still see remnants of gardens 95 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:55,880 Speaker 4: and par all around cones such as Mongopho Well. 96 00:05:55,920 --> 00:06:00,600 Speaker 2: Recent research suggests right that these base surges from Auckland 97 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:04,839 Speaker 2: eruptions could travel up to fifteen kilometers, which is about 98 00:06:05,400 --> 00:06:09,000 Speaker 2: twice as far as previously thought. How does this finding 99 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:16,159 Speaker 2: change our understanding of these dormant or potentially active volcanoes. 100 00:06:16,640 --> 00:06:20,720 Speaker 3: Sure, but I'll just clarify that a little bit. It 101 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:25,240 Speaker 3: was research that happened overseas in similar volcanic fields that 102 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:27,960 Speaker 3: showed that this type of base search, which is a 103 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:32,479 Speaker 3: type of what we call pyroclastic density current, can travel 104 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:35,560 Speaker 3: further than we thought they could travel. So the research 105 00:06:35,600 --> 00:06:38,800 Speaker 3: happened in Death Valley overseas at a volcanic field over 106 00:06:38,800 --> 00:06:42,400 Speaker 3: there in the US, and it got us thinking, and 107 00:06:42,440 --> 00:06:46,000 Speaker 3: we started to think, gosh, if there are other places 108 00:06:46,000 --> 00:06:48,440 Speaker 3: in the world where these base surgers can travel up 109 00:06:48,480 --> 00:06:51,920 Speaker 3: to ten or fifteen kilometers, we need to see if 110 00:06:51,960 --> 00:06:55,159 Speaker 3: that's possible in Auckland. So what we're doing is we 111 00:06:55,200 --> 00:06:59,400 Speaker 3: are researching, like taking another real thorough look at the 112 00:06:59,480 --> 00:07:03,560 Speaker 3: evidence for this type of phenomena in the Aukland volcanic field. 113 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:06,880 Speaker 3: And we've got these deposits in various places around the field. 114 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:10,440 Speaker 3: We know this type of phenomenon occurs in the Auckland 115 00:07:10,520 --> 00:07:13,680 Speaker 3: volcanic field, so we're looking at them. We're looking how 116 00:07:13,760 --> 00:07:16,800 Speaker 3: far they travel from the vent and we're going to 117 00:07:16,920 --> 00:07:19,840 Speaker 3: do some modeling to work out how far, you know, 118 00:07:20,040 --> 00:07:24,480 Speaker 3: based on the characteristics of those types of flows in 119 00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:27,920 Speaker 3: our volcanic field and the type of magma and the 120 00:07:28,160 --> 00:07:31,800 Speaker 3: likely water contents that would be involved, because these occur 121 00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:36,480 Speaker 3: when you get explosive magma water interaction. Can they also 122 00:07:36,560 --> 00:07:38,840 Speaker 3: travel that far in Auckland. So that's the research that 123 00:07:39,000 --> 00:07:42,640 Speaker 3: we're doing at the moment, and it's super important because 124 00:07:43,160 --> 00:07:49,640 Speaker 3: these are considered the most dangerous phenomena phenomenon in an 125 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:52,680 Speaker 3: Aukland volcanic field eruption because they're so fast moving. Thus 126 00:07:52,800 --> 00:07:54,880 Speaker 3: it's so rapid, and they may occur at the beginning 127 00:07:54,920 --> 00:07:57,880 Speaker 3: of an eruption, So we need to know how far 128 00:07:57,960 --> 00:08:01,000 Speaker 3: they travel in order to make decisions around and how 129 00:08:01,000 --> 00:08:03,559 Speaker 3: big the evacuation zone should be around event. 130 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:19,680 Speaker 5: For example, of the fifty three spots of those, are 131 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:22,720 Speaker 5: there any that researchers are kind of looking at a 132 00:08:22,760 --> 00:08:24,800 Speaker 5: little bit more closely than others or is it just 133 00:08:24,840 --> 00:08:27,520 Speaker 5: all kind of like similar. 134 00:08:27,720 --> 00:08:31,080 Speaker 3: They're all slightly different, And yes, there are some that 135 00:08:31,160 --> 00:08:35,000 Speaker 3: researchers are looking at more closely, but those decisions are 136 00:08:35,040 --> 00:08:39,040 Speaker 3: primarily made based on what the exposures are like. Because 137 00:08:39,080 --> 00:08:41,000 Speaker 3: we've gone and plucked a big city on top of 138 00:08:41,040 --> 00:08:45,000 Speaker 3: our beautiful volcanic fields, So a lot of the exposures 139 00:08:44,760 --> 00:08:48,760 Speaker 3: have gone, they've been quarried away or built over. So 140 00:08:48,840 --> 00:08:52,000 Speaker 3: we really need to go to the places where the 141 00:08:52,040 --> 00:08:56,360 Speaker 3: exposures are available, where the outcrops are available, So they 142 00:08:56,400 --> 00:08:58,520 Speaker 3: tend to be the target volcano. So we try and 143 00:08:58,600 --> 00:09:00,720 Speaker 3: learn as much as we can about the wider field 144 00:09:01,320 --> 00:09:02,679 Speaker 3: based on those volcanoes. 145 00:09:05,520 --> 00:09:07,440 Speaker 4: So the sounds that you've got all bases covered, we 146 00:09:07,480 --> 00:09:09,640 Speaker 4: can just kick back and relax and just wait. 147 00:09:09,480 --> 00:09:10,640 Speaker 3: For you to let us know. 148 00:09:11,080 --> 00:09:14,440 Speaker 1: Well, unfortunately that's not the case. It might not be 149 00:09:14,480 --> 00:09:17,640 Speaker 1: in your lifetime. The rest of your lifetime is relatively low, 150 00:09:17,720 --> 00:09:20,200 Speaker 1: but it could also happen tomorrow. So you need to 151 00:09:20,200 --> 00:09:23,920 Speaker 1: be prepared for a whole range of emergencies in your home, 152 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:26,160 Speaker 1: including volcanic eruptions in Auckland. 153 00:09:28,640 --> 00:09:31,160 Speaker 2: When we do run these stories warning of a volcanic 154 00:09:31,200 --> 00:09:35,520 Speaker 2: event or new research, I see the comments. There's panic, disbelief, 155 00:09:36,840 --> 00:09:41,680 Speaker 2: there's accusations of fear mongering, clickbait as well as another one. 156 00:09:41,800 --> 00:09:43,839 Speaker 2: What do you say to all of that? What should 157 00:09:43,880 --> 00:09:46,840 Speaker 2: we actually be looking at and learning from. 158 00:09:46,960 --> 00:09:49,559 Speaker 3: It's important just to just be a weir. I mean, 159 00:09:49,960 --> 00:09:52,319 Speaker 3: there's really no point putting your head in the sand, 160 00:09:52,760 --> 00:09:56,240 Speaker 3: yeah and saying I don't believe anything could happen, because 161 00:09:56,360 --> 00:09:59,720 Speaker 3: you know, things do happen, and even though the likelihood 162 00:09:59,760 --> 00:10:05,760 Speaker 3: is very small, you know, unlikely things happen, and so 163 00:10:05,800 --> 00:10:09,160 Speaker 3: it's good to know that the volcanic field exists. It's 164 00:10:09,200 --> 00:10:11,440 Speaker 3: good for people to know that there's a whole bunch 165 00:10:11,440 --> 00:10:14,760 Speaker 3: of people that are working on it and trying to 166 00:10:14,840 --> 00:10:18,800 Speaker 3: understand it better. It's good for people to know that people, 167 00:10:18,840 --> 00:10:22,200 Speaker 3: for example, in the Devora Research program are actively working 168 00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:26,719 Speaker 3: with Auckland Emergency Management and other Auckland Council staffed so 169 00:10:26,760 --> 00:10:30,640 Speaker 3: that everyone kind of knows what the latest research is 170 00:10:30,920 --> 00:10:33,719 Speaker 3: and things we need to look out for. And it's 171 00:10:33,760 --> 00:10:37,239 Speaker 3: good for people to just be a little bit knowledgeable 172 00:10:37,280 --> 00:10:39,280 Speaker 3: of the sorts of things that can happen. But we 173 00:10:39,400 --> 00:10:41,720 Speaker 3: have to also weigh up the fact that if it 174 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:45,040 Speaker 3: does happen, it would be huge, you know. So it's 175 00:10:45,080 --> 00:10:48,439 Speaker 3: what we call a low probability but a very high consequence. 176 00:10:50,120 --> 00:10:54,400 Speaker 2: How do we approach communicating that then, like that inevitability 177 00:10:54,520 --> 00:10:56,880 Speaker 2: of an eruption to the public that may not have 178 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:01,280 Speaker 2: experienced one in living memory, of course, without causing that alarm. 179 00:11:01,640 --> 00:11:06,520 Speaker 3: Yeah, it's difficult. I think it's good to just keep 180 00:11:06,679 --> 00:11:10,040 Speaker 3: talking about it, keep the conversation going doing things like this, 181 00:11:10,240 --> 00:11:14,360 Speaker 3: sharing our research, inviting people to look at our websites 182 00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:18,640 Speaker 3: and our Facebook pages, and just encouraging people to be 183 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:22,240 Speaker 3: curious about the world around them, because often once they 184 00:11:22,280 --> 00:11:26,040 Speaker 3: start realizing that, oh, they've only been fifty three eruptions 185 00:11:26,040 --> 00:11:29,360 Speaker 3: over two hundred thousand years, that's actually not very you know, 186 00:11:29,440 --> 00:11:33,800 Speaker 3: not very many, and so it might be reassuring to 187 00:11:33,840 --> 00:11:37,360 Speaker 3: know that there's people researching it, that they don't happen 188 00:11:37,440 --> 00:11:40,320 Speaker 3: very often, that the field is monitored, for example, you 189 00:11:40,360 --> 00:11:42,240 Speaker 3: know some of the key facts that we might like 190 00:11:42,320 --> 00:11:46,240 Speaker 3: to share. You know, people have a program of active 191 00:11:46,320 --> 00:11:50,920 Speaker 3: monitoring through the GNET program of the volcanos in alterior, 192 00:11:51,080 --> 00:11:54,840 Speaker 3: including in Tarmaki Makoto, so you know, there are seismometers 193 00:11:55,520 --> 00:11:59,040 Speaker 3: just keeping an air open in case anything happens. So 194 00:11:59,120 --> 00:12:03,080 Speaker 3: I think if people are actively sort of or develop 195 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:07,520 Speaker 3: an active interest in just knowing that people are researching 196 00:12:07,559 --> 00:12:10,040 Speaker 3: it and that the right people are talking to each other, 197 00:12:10,280 --> 00:12:12,160 Speaker 3: it's probably reassuring. I hope. 198 00:12:12,720 --> 00:12:14,599 Speaker 2: What's the fear of the unknown, isn't it if you 199 00:12:14,640 --> 00:12:17,480 Speaker 2: don't know too much about the volcanoes in I mean, 200 00:12:17,520 --> 00:12:19,360 Speaker 2: if I called up my mum tomorrow and said, did 201 00:12:19,400 --> 00:12:22,480 Speaker 2: you know that there are fifty three technically active volcanoes 202 00:12:22,520 --> 00:12:24,880 Speaker 2: in Auckland? Should be like, why are you living there? 203 00:12:25,000 --> 00:12:26,800 Speaker 2: But if you know, if you delve a little bit 204 00:12:26,840 --> 00:12:31,040 Speaker 2: deeper and go through some of the basics, then you know. Actually, 205 00:12:31,080 --> 00:12:35,920 Speaker 2: in researching this episode, I stumbled upon a hazard fact 206 00:12:36,000 --> 00:12:40,920 Speaker 2: sheet about volcanic eruptions made by the Auckland Emergency Management. 207 00:12:41,000 --> 00:12:42,920 Speaker 2: I'm assuming your team had something to do with this 208 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:46,800 Speaker 2: as well. Yeah, and it suggests things like having a plan, 209 00:12:47,000 --> 00:12:49,840 Speaker 2: what to do during interruption, what to do after one. 210 00:12:50,480 --> 00:12:52,079 Speaker 2: Tell me how many people do you actually think have 211 00:12:52,200 --> 00:12:53,199 Speaker 2: read this document? 212 00:12:54,080 --> 00:12:54,240 Speaker 4: Oh? 213 00:12:54,320 --> 00:12:57,720 Speaker 3: I don't know. I'm not exactly sure which specific document 214 00:12:57,760 --> 00:13:01,800 Speaker 3: you're referring to. But you know, we have periods of 215 00:13:01,920 --> 00:13:05,040 Speaker 3: time where people are more interested in the Auckland volcanic field. 216 00:13:05,120 --> 00:13:09,040 Speaker 3: It's often in relation to other events. So for example, 217 00:13:09,040 --> 00:13:12,400 Speaker 3: when Kilaway in Hawaii was erupting, there was a bit 218 00:13:12,440 --> 00:13:17,800 Speaker 3: of interest and we proactively talked about the Auckland volcanic 219 00:13:17,800 --> 00:13:20,880 Speaker 3: field during that time. And I think during those periods 220 00:13:20,880 --> 00:13:23,800 Speaker 3: of time people actually seek out that sort of information. 221 00:13:24,480 --> 00:13:27,120 Speaker 3: We also have, you know, a series of fact sheets 222 00:13:27,160 --> 00:13:31,600 Speaker 3: that we distribute at every chance we get. We get 223 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:34,920 Speaker 3: involved in things like motat open days and the Heritage 224 00:13:34,960 --> 00:13:39,040 Speaker 3: Festival and things like that and share the information, particularly 225 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:43,359 Speaker 3: with school children, school age children. There's a general awareness 226 00:13:43,960 --> 00:13:48,760 Speaker 3: across Auckland that we don't know what might affect us. 227 00:13:48,920 --> 00:13:52,199 Speaker 3: Might be a flood, might be a storm, might be 228 00:13:52,240 --> 00:13:54,840 Speaker 3: a landslide. But it's always good to just be prepared, 229 00:13:54,840 --> 00:14:00,800 Speaker 3: to have a getaway kit or you know, some safety 230 00:14:01,120 --> 00:14:03,960 Speaker 3: equipment and supplies handy just in case. You know, we 231 00:14:04,040 --> 00:14:09,600 Speaker 3: live in New Zealand. It's a tectonically active and meteorologically 232 00:14:09,720 --> 00:14:14,400 Speaker 3: very active country, so you know, there's always something happening somewhere, 233 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:17,840 Speaker 3: so it's good to just be prepared. Thanks for joining us, 234 00:14:17,960 --> 00:14:20,240 Speaker 3: jan are you welcome. Thank you for having me. 235 00:14:24,040 --> 00:14:27,280 Speaker 2: That's it for this episode of The Front Page. You 236 00:14:27,280 --> 00:14:31,320 Speaker 2: can read more about today's stories and extensive news coverage 237 00:14:31,440 --> 00:14:35,320 Speaker 2: at enzidherld dot co dot MZ. The Front Page is 238 00:14:35,360 --> 00:14:39,120 Speaker 2: produced by Ethan Sills and Richard Martin, who is also 239 00:14:39,320 --> 00:14:43,720 Speaker 2: our editor. I'm Chelsea Daniels. Subscribe to the Front Page 240 00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:47,480 Speaker 2: on iHeartRadio or wherever you get your podcasts, and tune 241 00:14:47,480 --> 00:14:50,840 Speaker 2: in tomorrow for another look behind the headlines.