1 00:00:02,680 --> 00:00:08,940 Speaker 1: Life Audio. The Bible Study Podcast, Episode 988. Today, the 2 00:00:08,980 --> 00:00:11,800 Speaker 1: Bible Study Podcast continues the study of the book of 3 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:23,690 Speaker 1: Exodus with Chapter 32. Welcome to the Bible Study Podcast. 4 00:00:23,810 --> 00:00:27,370 Speaker 1: I'm your host, Chris Christensen. We're going to continue on 5 00:00:27,390 --> 00:00:31,889 Speaker 1: with Chapter 32 with a very significant episode about the 6 00:00:31,930 --> 00:00:36,510 Speaker 1: golden calf, but first a word from this sponsor. So 7 00:00:36,729 --> 00:00:39,380 Speaker 1: to set the stage for this, remember that for the 8 00:00:39,460 --> 00:00:44,059 Speaker 1: last month, or 40 days even, Moses has been up 9 00:00:44,120 --> 00:00:45,580 Speaker 1: on the mountain and he's been getting a lot of 10 00:00:45,640 --> 00:00:48,680 Speaker 1: instructions how to build the tabernacle, what the high priest 11 00:00:48,740 --> 00:00:51,659 Speaker 1: is going to wear, how to build all the different altars, 12 00:00:52,560 --> 00:00:58,550 Speaker 1: and the people have started to decide that Moses wasn't 13 00:00:58,590 --> 00:01:02,060 Speaker 1: coming back, and this is what happened. The golden calf, 14 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:05,510 Speaker 1: Exodus 32. When the people saw that Moses was so 15 00:01:05,569 --> 00:01:08,310 Speaker 1: long in coming down from the mountain, they gathered around 16 00:01:08,330 --> 00:01:11,570 Speaker 1: Aaron and said, come make us gods who will go 17 00:01:11,630 --> 00:01:14,730 Speaker 1: before us. As for this fellow Moses who brought us 18 00:01:14,790 --> 00:01:17,270 Speaker 1: up out of Egypt, we don't know what has happened 19 00:01:17,290 --> 00:01:20,770 Speaker 1: to him. Aaron answered them, take off the gold earrings 20 00:01:20,830 --> 00:01:23,340 Speaker 1: that your wives, your sons, and your daughters are wearing 21 00:01:23,760 --> 00:01:26,040 Speaker 1: and bring them to me. So all the people took 22 00:01:26,220 --> 00:01:28,780 Speaker 1: off their earrings and brought them to Aaron. He took 23 00:01:28,840 --> 00:01:31,360 Speaker 1: what they handed him and made it into an idol 24 00:01:31,459 --> 00:01:34,360 Speaker 1: cast in the shape of a calf, fashioning it with 25 00:01:34,420 --> 00:01:37,660 Speaker 1: a tool. Then they said, These are your gods, Israel, 26 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:41,000 Speaker 1: who brought you out of Egypt. When Aaron saw this, 27 00:01:41,120 --> 00:01:43,199 Speaker 1: he built an offer in front of the calf and announced, 28 00:01:43,390 --> 00:01:45,970 Speaker 1: Tomorrow there will be a festival to the Lord. So 29 00:01:46,010 --> 00:01:48,670 Speaker 1: the next day the people rose early and sacrificed burnt 30 00:01:48,730 --> 00:01:53,110 Speaker 1: offerings and presented fellowship offerings. Afterward, they sat down to 31 00:01:53,210 --> 00:01:55,630 Speaker 1: eat and drink and got up to indulge in revelry. 32 00:01:56,230 --> 00:01:58,530 Speaker 1: Then the Lord said to Moses, go down because your 33 00:01:58,590 --> 00:02:02,660 Speaker 1: people whom you brought out of Egypt have become corrupt. 34 00:02:03,280 --> 00:02:05,280 Speaker 1: They have been quick to turn away from what I 35 00:02:05,340 --> 00:02:08,520 Speaker 1: commanded them and have made themselves an idol cast in 36 00:02:08,560 --> 00:02:11,580 Speaker 1: the shape of a calf. They have bowed down to 37 00:02:11,620 --> 00:02:14,079 Speaker 1: it and sacrificed to it and have said, these are 38 00:02:14,100 --> 00:02:17,390 Speaker 1: your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt. 39 00:02:18,710 --> 00:02:21,130 Speaker 1: I have seen these people, the Lord said to Moses, 40 00:02:21,530 --> 00:02:24,090 Speaker 1: and they are a stiff necked people. Now leave me alone. 41 00:02:24,490 --> 00:02:26,630 Speaker 1: So that my anger may burn against them and that 42 00:02:26,690 --> 00:02:29,570 Speaker 1: I may destroy them. Then I will make you into 43 00:02:29,610 --> 00:02:32,210 Speaker 1: a great nation. But Moses sought the favor of the 44 00:02:32,250 --> 00:02:35,120 Speaker 1: Lord his God. Lord, he said, why should your anger 45 00:02:35,160 --> 00:02:37,960 Speaker 1: burn against your people whom you brought out of Egypt 46 00:02:38,440 --> 00:02:41,160 Speaker 1: with great power and a mighty hand? Why should the 47 00:02:41,220 --> 00:02:43,639 Speaker 1: Egyptians say it was with evil intent that he brought 48 00:02:43,680 --> 00:02:46,140 Speaker 1: them out to kill them in the mountains and to 49 00:02:46,200 --> 00:02:49,380 Speaker 1: wipe them off the face of the earth? Turn from 50 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:52,290 Speaker 1: your fierce anger, relent, and do not bring disaster on 51 00:02:52,310 --> 00:02:56,740 Speaker 1: your people. Remember your servants, Abraham, Isaac, and Israel, to 52 00:02:56,800 --> 00:02:59,720 Speaker 1: whom you swore by your own self, I will make 53 00:02:59,740 --> 00:03:02,470 Speaker 1: your descendants as numerous as the stars in the sky, 54 00:03:02,930 --> 00:03:05,050 Speaker 1: and I will give your descendants all this land I 55 00:03:05,110 --> 00:03:08,609 Speaker 1: promised them, and it will be their inheritance forever. Then 56 00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:11,370 Speaker 1: the Lord relented and did not bring on his people 57 00:03:11,430 --> 00:03:15,210 Speaker 1: the disaster he had threatened. Moses turned and went down 58 00:03:15,250 --> 00:03:17,790 Speaker 1: the mountain with the two tablets of the covenant law 59 00:03:17,900 --> 00:03:20,900 Speaker 1: in his hands. They were inscribed on both sides, front 60 00:03:21,020 --> 00:03:24,080 Speaker 1: and back. The tablets were the work of God. The 61 00:03:24,100 --> 00:03:26,859 Speaker 1: writing was the writing of God engraved on the tablets. 62 00:03:27,360 --> 00:03:29,519 Speaker 1: When Joshua heard the noise of the people shouting, he 63 00:03:29,560 --> 00:03:32,210 Speaker 1: said to Moses, There is the sound of war in 64 00:03:32,220 --> 00:03:35,270 Speaker 1: the camp. Moses replied, It is not the sound of victory. 65 00:03:35,510 --> 00:03:37,670 Speaker 1: It is not the sound of defeat. It is the 66 00:03:37,710 --> 00:03:40,630 Speaker 1: sound of singing that I hear. When Moses approached the 67 00:03:40,670 --> 00:03:43,450 Speaker 1: camp and saw the calf and the dancing, his anger 68 00:03:43,490 --> 00:03:45,590 Speaker 1: burned and he threw the tablets out of his hands, 69 00:03:46,010 --> 00:03:48,440 Speaker 1: breaking them into pieces at the foot of the mountain. 70 00:03:48,910 --> 00:03:50,750 Speaker 1: Then he took the calf the people had made and 71 00:03:50,790 --> 00:03:54,070 Speaker 1: burned it in the fire. Then he ground it to powder, 72 00:03:54,150 --> 00:03:57,420 Speaker 1: scattering it on the water and made the Israelites drink it. 73 00:03:58,300 --> 00:04:01,180 Speaker 1: Then he said to Aaron, what did these people do 74 00:04:01,240 --> 00:04:03,660 Speaker 1: to you that you led them into such great sin? 75 00:04:04,220 --> 00:04:07,260 Speaker 1: Do not be angry, my Lord. Aaron answered, you know 76 00:04:07,370 --> 00:04:10,050 Speaker 1: how prone these people are to evil. They said to me, 77 00:04:10,110 --> 00:04:12,950 Speaker 1: make us gods who will go before us. As for 78 00:04:12,990 --> 00:04:15,130 Speaker 1: this fellow Moses who brought us out of Egypt, we 79 00:04:15,170 --> 00:04:17,760 Speaker 1: don't know what has happened to him. So I told them, 80 00:04:17,960 --> 00:04:20,600 Speaker 1: whoever has any jewelry, take it off. They gave me 81 00:04:20,620 --> 00:04:22,779 Speaker 1: the gold and I threw it in the fire and 82 00:04:22,900 --> 00:04:26,260 Speaker 1: out came this calf. Moses saw the people running wild 83 00:04:26,460 --> 00:04:29,370 Speaker 1: and Aaron had let them get out of control and 84 00:04:29,430 --> 00:04:32,050 Speaker 1: so become a laughingstock to their enemies. So he stood 85 00:04:32,089 --> 00:04:34,690 Speaker 1: at the entrance to the camp and said, whoever is 86 00:04:34,750 --> 00:04:36,849 Speaker 1: for the Lord, come to me. And all the Levites 87 00:04:36,890 --> 00:04:39,030 Speaker 1: rallied to him. Then he said to them, this is 88 00:04:39,089 --> 00:04:41,620 Speaker 1: what the Lord, the God of Israel says. Each man 89 00:04:41,650 --> 00:04:43,640 Speaker 1: strap a sword to his side, go back and forth. 90 00:04:44,140 --> 00:04:45,479 Speaker 1: So Moses went back to the Lord and said, Oh, 91 00:04:45,540 --> 00:05:14,110 Speaker 1: what a great sin these people have committed. They have 92 00:05:14,170 --> 00:05:18,380 Speaker 1: made themselves gods of gold, but now please forgive their sin. 93 00:05:18,860 --> 00:05:21,159 Speaker 1: But if not, then blot me out of the book 94 00:05:21,220 --> 00:05:24,840 Speaker 1: you have written. The Lord replied to Moses, Whoever has 95 00:05:24,880 --> 00:05:26,900 Speaker 1: sinned against me, I will blot out from my book. 96 00:05:27,060 --> 00:05:29,820 Speaker 1: Now go, lead the people to the place I spoke of, 97 00:05:30,260 --> 00:05:32,919 Speaker 1: and my angel will go before you. However, when the 98 00:05:32,960 --> 00:05:35,580 Speaker 1: time comes for me to punish, I will punish them 99 00:05:35,680 --> 00:05:38,220 Speaker 1: for their sin. And the Lord struck the people with 100 00:05:38,279 --> 00:05:40,730 Speaker 1: a plague because of what they did with the calf 101 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:45,790 Speaker 1: Aaron had made. So this is a well-known story here, 102 00:05:45,890 --> 00:05:48,870 Speaker 1: and there's some interesting things about it. And one of 103 00:05:48,890 --> 00:05:51,860 Speaker 1: the things that I find very interesting in it is pronouns, 104 00:05:53,020 --> 00:05:58,380 Speaker 1: because we have all sorts of pronouns that people are 105 00:05:58,440 --> 00:06:05,010 Speaker 1: choosing very specifically. So the people say, hey, Moses is 106 00:06:05,050 --> 00:06:06,970 Speaker 1: up on the mountain. We don't know if he's coming back. 107 00:06:07,330 --> 00:06:11,070 Speaker 1: They go to Aaron and they say, make us gods. Aaron, 108 00:06:11,410 --> 00:06:16,050 Speaker 1: it does not say here, has any complaint about this. 109 00:06:16,670 --> 00:06:20,029 Speaker 1: It doesn't show Aaron pushing back at all. In fact, 110 00:06:20,089 --> 00:06:23,360 Speaker 1: he says, give me your gold, and he made it 111 00:06:23,560 --> 00:06:25,400 Speaker 1: into the idol in the shape of a calf. Now, 112 00:06:25,740 --> 00:06:30,100 Speaker 1: notice that verse, verse 4, he made it into an 113 00:06:30,300 --> 00:06:33,300 Speaker 1: idol in the shape of a calf. Not, as he 114 00:06:33,360 --> 00:06:36,220 Speaker 1: later says to Moses, I threw it into the fire 115 00:06:36,460 --> 00:06:42,590 Speaker 1: and a calf jumped out. No, that's a lie. And also, 116 00:06:42,870 --> 00:06:45,310 Speaker 1: these are your gods who brought you up out of Egypt. 117 00:06:45,850 --> 00:06:48,750 Speaker 1: That was also a lie. But of course, the people 118 00:06:48,810 --> 00:06:53,680 Speaker 1: were told 40 days ago, sure. But 40 days ago, 119 00:06:53,710 --> 00:06:56,460 Speaker 1: they were told there's one rule that's more important than 120 00:06:56,700 --> 00:07:00,060 Speaker 1: any other rules. What's that rule? Oh yeah, you will 121 00:07:00,100 --> 00:07:03,520 Speaker 1: have no other gods before me. That was the number 122 00:07:03,640 --> 00:07:05,700 Speaker 1: one rule, and it took them 40 days to break it. 123 00:07:07,760 --> 00:07:10,240 Speaker 1: Because they lost faith. They lost faith that Moses was 124 00:07:10,280 --> 00:07:14,400 Speaker 1: coming back. Now, there is Remember, smoke and fire, it said, 125 00:07:14,480 --> 00:07:17,820 Speaker 1: on the top of the mountain. So it's a scary place. 126 00:07:18,540 --> 00:07:21,400 Speaker 1: And so they just weren't sure that Moses was coming back. 127 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,490 Speaker 1: But I mean, the presence of God is still there. 128 00:07:25,570 --> 00:07:29,490 Speaker 1: They can still see the presence of God. And they 129 00:07:29,510 --> 00:07:33,370 Speaker 1: didn't have the presence of mind not to do something 130 00:07:33,910 --> 00:07:37,750 Speaker 1: so stupid. Now, we can easily pick on them, but 131 00:07:37,790 --> 00:07:40,390 Speaker 1: we lose faith from time to time. We are disobedient. 132 00:07:40,790 --> 00:07:45,370 Speaker 1: from time to time. Hopefully not to this extent, but 133 00:07:46,100 --> 00:07:49,739 Speaker 1: in small ways, in big ways, we're still not 100% 134 00:07:49,740 --> 00:07:53,540 Speaker 1: faithful as they were not. Hopefully we can make it 135 00:07:53,600 --> 00:07:58,640 Speaker 1: more than 40 days, but who knows? And then the 136 00:07:58,800 --> 00:08:02,000 Speaker 1: next interesting pronoun for me is verse 7. Go down because, 137 00:08:02,280 --> 00:08:06,400 Speaker 1: what does God say to Moses? Your people, whom you 138 00:08:06,420 --> 00:08:08,890 Speaker 1: brought up out of Egypt, have become corrupt. Now, I 139 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:12,030 Speaker 1: thought that was very interesting because Moses didn't want to 140 00:08:12,050 --> 00:08:14,510 Speaker 1: go and bring these people out of Egypt. Moses was 141 00:08:14,650 --> 00:08:17,290 Speaker 1: happy being a shepherd. He was just curious about a 142 00:08:17,310 --> 00:08:21,130 Speaker 1: burning bush. He made all sorts of complaints about why 143 00:08:21,190 --> 00:08:24,380 Speaker 1: he was not the guy. These were not his people. 144 00:08:24,440 --> 00:08:29,400 Speaker 1: These were God's people. This is like two parents. You 145 00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:32,720 Speaker 1: get home and you hear, your son, do you know 146 00:08:32,760 --> 00:08:35,220 Speaker 1: what your son did today? Well, you know it's not 147 00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:37,520 Speaker 1: going to be something good at that point. If it's 148 00:08:37,559 --> 00:08:39,059 Speaker 1: something good, it would be, do you know what my 149 00:08:39,120 --> 00:08:43,200 Speaker 1: son did today? And so The Lord is talking to Moses. 150 00:08:43,580 --> 00:08:47,980 Speaker 1: He's pissed. And because of your people who you brought 151 00:08:48,000 --> 00:08:51,040 Speaker 1: out of Egypt have become corrupt. Not because the people 152 00:08:51,330 --> 00:08:56,109 Speaker 1: I brought out of Egypt have become corrupt. He's mad. 153 00:08:58,929 --> 00:09:02,410 Speaker 1: And he tells Moses what happened. And he says to Moses, 154 00:09:03,240 --> 00:09:07,080 Speaker 1: you know, let's just be done with them. Let's just 155 00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:10,500 Speaker 1: be done with these sons of Abraham and Isaac and Jacob. 156 00:09:11,670 --> 00:09:14,850 Speaker 1: They're just a stiff-necked people. Let's just worry about the 157 00:09:14,890 --> 00:09:20,930 Speaker 1: children of Moses. And let's start again. And Moses says, well, 158 00:09:20,980 --> 00:09:24,179 Speaker 1: what are the Egyptians going to say? What are all 159 00:09:24,200 --> 00:09:26,600 Speaker 1: the other people who have heard what you did going 160 00:09:26,620 --> 00:09:29,620 Speaker 1: to say if you wipe them out here in the desert? 161 00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:34,400 Speaker 1: So for your name, not for their name and not 162 00:09:34,440 --> 00:09:39,680 Speaker 1: because they deserve it, but for your name, don't do that. 163 00:09:40,650 --> 00:09:42,610 Speaker 1: And I always have trouble with these verses as do 164 00:09:42,650 --> 00:09:45,070 Speaker 1: a lot of other Christians and a lot of other Jews. 165 00:09:45,150 --> 00:09:49,340 Speaker 1: And is God really changing his mind? Is God testing Moses? 166 00:09:50,960 --> 00:09:53,300 Speaker 1: I don't know. It's certainly written from the point of 167 00:09:53,340 --> 00:09:55,970 Speaker 1: view that God changes his mind. Does God change his 168 00:09:56,030 --> 00:09:59,710 Speaker 1: mind if God is omniscient and can see what's going 169 00:09:59,730 --> 00:10:02,370 Speaker 1: to happen? and knew this was going to happen? I'm 170 00:10:02,410 --> 00:10:06,290 Speaker 1: not really sure. But from Moses' point of view, it 171 00:10:06,410 --> 00:10:09,950 Speaker 1: sure looked like God changed his mind. And that's really 172 00:10:09,990 --> 00:10:12,890 Speaker 1: the point of view which this book is written from. 173 00:10:15,320 --> 00:10:19,020 Speaker 1: So he comes, he takes the covenant law, It's quite 174 00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:20,900 Speaker 1: about both sides. I thought that was interesting. I didn't 175 00:10:20,950 --> 00:10:24,150 Speaker 1: remember that. We always see the pictures of Moses holding 176 00:10:24,190 --> 00:10:27,230 Speaker 1: tablets that are written on just the front, but apparently 177 00:10:27,270 --> 00:10:30,990 Speaker 1: there's written on front and back. And he brings these 178 00:10:31,230 --> 00:10:35,350 Speaker 1: back and Joshua says, we hear the war. Joshua, remember, 179 00:10:35,670 --> 00:10:39,210 Speaker 1: followed Moses up the mountain. Joshua was the aid to Moses. 180 00:10:39,230 --> 00:10:42,210 Speaker 1: So Joshua is not in the camp. Joshua is not 181 00:10:42,250 --> 00:10:44,330 Speaker 1: taking part in this. And if you read the book 182 00:10:44,370 --> 00:10:46,910 Speaker 1: of Joshua, you wouldn't be surprised to find that Joshua 183 00:10:46,950 --> 00:10:50,689 Speaker 1: was a very faithful man, and so he probably wouldn't 184 00:10:50,710 --> 00:10:54,110 Speaker 1: have had any of this if anybody had listened to him. 185 00:10:54,150 --> 00:10:57,760 Speaker 1: He's still a young man at this point. So it's 186 00:10:57,800 --> 00:10:59,720 Speaker 1: the sound of singing that I heard, and he comes, 187 00:10:59,760 --> 00:11:02,679 Speaker 1: he sees the singing and dancing, he takes the tablets, 188 00:11:03,080 --> 00:11:06,870 Speaker 1: he throws them down, he takes the calf and destroys it, 189 00:11:07,320 --> 00:11:09,620 Speaker 1: burns it, grounds it into power, and makes the people 190 00:11:09,710 --> 00:11:14,510 Speaker 1: drink it. Probably going to make them sick, but they 191 00:11:14,530 --> 00:11:18,400 Speaker 1: brought this on themselves. And then he goes to Aaron 192 00:11:18,700 --> 00:11:21,880 Speaker 1: and says, what did you do? I don't know. I'm 193 00:11:21,920 --> 00:11:25,280 Speaker 1: just throwing earrings into fires and calves are coming out. 194 00:11:25,760 --> 00:11:30,520 Speaker 1: It's not me. Don't be angry with me. They're the 195 00:11:30,620 --> 00:11:32,330 Speaker 1: ones who told me to do it and I didn't 196 00:11:32,350 --> 00:11:39,950 Speaker 1: do anything, which is a lie. It is easy to 197 00:11:40,290 --> 00:11:44,979 Speaker 1: try and cover up for what we did. And quite 198 00:11:45,020 --> 00:11:48,510 Speaker 1: often the cover up is worse than the crimes. And 199 00:11:48,710 --> 00:11:50,680 Speaker 1: it is easy for us not to want to take 200 00:11:50,740 --> 00:11:53,959 Speaker 1: the blame. It is a very natural response. We don't 201 00:11:54,020 --> 00:11:57,920 Speaker 1: have to be a priest like Aaron. We don't have 202 00:11:57,940 --> 00:12:00,100 Speaker 1: to be a leader like Moses. We don't have to 203 00:12:00,160 --> 00:12:03,089 Speaker 1: be a politician. We don't have to be an older 204 00:12:03,130 --> 00:12:05,969 Speaker 1: brother or younger brother or younger sister or older sister. 205 00:12:06,309 --> 00:12:09,230 Speaker 1: It is easy for us to want to not take 206 00:12:09,309 --> 00:12:14,980 Speaker 1: the blame. And Aaron doesn't want to. But he is 207 00:12:15,040 --> 00:12:18,000 Speaker 1: at fault. He is certainly at fault. not the one 208 00:12:18,040 --> 00:12:21,810 Speaker 1: who started this, but he went along with it. And 209 00:12:21,870 --> 00:12:25,350 Speaker 1: then he says, he calls the people to him and 210 00:12:25,390 --> 00:12:28,250 Speaker 1: the Levites come and they strap on their swords and 211 00:12:28,290 --> 00:12:30,910 Speaker 1: they are a vengeful army here who are killing people 212 00:12:31,330 --> 00:12:35,940 Speaker 1: for this terrible sin that they have committed. And God 213 00:12:35,980 --> 00:12:38,800 Speaker 1: is also going to send a plague for this terrible 214 00:12:39,179 --> 00:12:43,579 Speaker 1: sin that they have committed. So there are consequences to 215 00:12:43,720 --> 00:12:50,380 Speaker 1: our actions. And sometimes, just think, how much longer would 216 00:12:50,390 --> 00:12:53,160 Speaker 1: they have had to wait? Was Moses going to be 217 00:12:53,200 --> 00:12:57,060 Speaker 1: up there much longer? Was it just wrapping up and 218 00:12:57,100 --> 00:13:00,460 Speaker 1: they decided to do this? I get that impression that 219 00:13:00,500 --> 00:13:03,640 Speaker 1: they were close to being finished, but I don't know. 220 00:13:05,000 --> 00:13:07,079 Speaker 1: Could they have waited just one more day? If they'd 221 00:13:07,120 --> 00:13:09,819 Speaker 1: waited just one more day, could we have not had 222 00:13:09,840 --> 00:13:13,980 Speaker 1: a golden calf? I wonder how many times we could 223 00:13:14,000 --> 00:13:17,980 Speaker 1: have waited just one more day, one more hour, for 224 00:13:18,059 --> 00:13:24,330 Speaker 1: God to be faithful, to be faithful before God. With that, 225 00:13:24,350 --> 00:13:26,630 Speaker 1: we're going to end this episode of the Bible Study Podcast. 226 00:13:26,670 --> 00:13:29,510 Speaker 1: If you have any questions, send an email to chris2x 227 00:13:29,570 --> 00:13:33,230 Speaker 1: at gmail.com or better yet, leave a comment on this 228 00:13:33,290 --> 00:13:39,200 Speaker 1: episode at thebiblestudypodcast.com. And as always, thanks so much for listening. 229 00:13:48,900 --> 00:13:50,520 Speaker 1: I want to take just a second to thank the 230 00:13:50,559 --> 00:13:53,190 Speaker 1: team at Life Audio for their partnership with us on 231 00:13:53,210 --> 00:13:57,510 Speaker 1: this podcast. If you go to lifeaudio.com, you'll find dozens 232 00:13:57,570 --> 00:14:01,590 Speaker 1: of other faith-centered podcasts in their network. They've got shows 233 00:14:01,630 --> 00:14:05,059 Speaker 1: about prayer, Bible study, parenting, and more.