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Speaker 1: You're listening to a Muma Mea podcast. Mumma Mea acknowledges

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Speaker 1: the traditional owners of land and waters that this podcast

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Speaker 1: is recorded on. Hi. I'm Claire Murphy. This is Mummamia's

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Speaker 1: daily news podcast, The Quikie. We are getting better at

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Speaker 1: understanding how the chemicals in things around us could potentially

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Speaker 1: harm us. But when we think about those harmful things,

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Speaker 1: we don't often consider them to be lurking in our

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Speaker 1: kids toys or on our own clothing. Today we look

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Speaker 1: at a world first news study that has highlighted just

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Speaker 1: what chemicals we should be looking out for, where they

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Speaker 1: might be hiding, and what exactly it may do to

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Speaker 1: our health. But first, here's the letters from the Quikie newsroom. Thursday,

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Speaker 1: August twenty two, Divers searching the wreckage of a souper

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Speaker 1: yacht that's sank in a freak storm off the coast

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Speaker 1: of Italy have retrieved bodies from the wreck, where five

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Speaker 1: people have been missing since Monday. Rescue crews unloaded four

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Speaker 1: body bags as they pulled into the harbor at Porticello yesterday,

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Speaker 1: the head of the Sicily Civil Protection Agency saying they've

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Speaker 1: located the last of the body still trapped on board

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Speaker 1: the ship, which lays fifty meters underwater. One body was

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Speaker 1: removed on Monday, believed to be the ship chef. The

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Speaker 1: British flag Baesian, which was owned by tech magnate Mike Lynch,

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Speaker 1: who was one of the missing along with his eighteen

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Speaker 1: year old daughter, went down in a storm early Monday

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Speaker 1: as it was moored about a kilometer off shore. Officials

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Speaker 1: say they believe it was struck by a tornado over

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Speaker 1: the water, known as a water spout. It's not boomers

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Speaker 1: but Gen X and older millennials capitalizing the most from

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Speaker 1: rising house prices, according to a new report from Property

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Speaker 1: Marketplace Domain. As property values have tracked higher, the likelihood

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Speaker 1: and size of profits at the point of sale have inflated,

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Speaker 1: with Gen X and older millennials managing to capitalize the most,

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Speaker 1: making a median profit of three hundred and ninety five

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Speaker 1: thousand dollars across the combined Australian capital cities. Despite tough

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Speaker 1: economic conditions and higher interest rates, Australia's residential property market

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Speaker 1: has posted six consecutive quarters of price gains, taking nationwide

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Speaker 1: values to record high eyes The report showing those in

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Speaker 1: their late thirties to late forties had been able to

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Speaker 1: leverage their established positions to capitalize on the recent price boom.

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Speaker 1: A mother in the US has been sentenced to life

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Speaker 1: in prison after she left a gun unattended before her

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Speaker 1: two year old son fatally shot her four year old daughter.

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Speaker 1: Twenty four year old Marion Belair told the court at

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Speaker 1: her trial she'd removed the loaded nine milimeter handgun from

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Speaker 1: her diaper bag, placing it on the couch next to

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Speaker 1: her while she was home with her two children. She

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Speaker 1: had planned to get food with her family and was

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Speaker 1: checking to make sure she had everything she needed in

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Speaker 1: the bag before they left. She then got distracted by

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Speaker 1: her daughter, who asked her mother to take a picture

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Speaker 1: of them together. In that time, her young son grabbed

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Speaker 1: the gun and shot his sister. Belair won't be eligible

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Speaker 1: for parole until she's served twenty five years of her sentence.

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Speaker 1: Duras finding her guilty of aggravated child in endangerment and

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Speaker 1: first degree murder. Her lawyers are appealing. According to Sauces,

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Speaker 1: the reason Jennifer Lopez finally filed for divorce from her husband,

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Speaker 1: Ben Affleck was because he showed no signs of wanting

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Speaker 1: to continue their marriage. The fifty five year old singer

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Speaker 1: filed for divorce on the second anniversary of their marriage

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Speaker 1: celebrations in April, a source telling people that she's very

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Speaker 1: sad and disappointed, but that Ben hadn't given her any

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Speaker 1: signs that he wanted to continue the marriage. She then

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Speaker 1: had to make the decision to take care of herself.

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Speaker 1: The announcement came after months of speculation that all was

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Speaker 1: not well between the couple, spending their summers on different

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Speaker 1: sides of the country, having not seen each other in weeks.

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Speaker 1: That's what's happening across the globe today. Next, we find

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Speaker 1: out why chemicals in some of our everyday items might

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Speaker 1: be doing us more harm than we thought. This week,

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Speaker 1: the findings of a joint study between the University of

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Speaker 1: Adelaide's research organization JBI and the Mindaroo Foundation revealed that

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Speaker 1: plastic isn't as fantastic as we'd hoped. The Umbrella Review,

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Speaker 1: which means collecting the results from other studies into one

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Speaker 1: bigger project, looked at the impacts of five classes of

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Speaker 1: chemicals bisphnoles, thalaides, pb OCBs, and pfas. The review found

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Speaker 1: that exposure to these plastic associated chemicals could be linked

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Speaker 1: to a range of health outcomes from before birth right

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Speaker 1: through to adulthood. They found they could increase the risk

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Speaker 1: of miscarriage and low birth weight. They could also interrupt

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Speaker 1: genital development and appearance in newborn babies. In childhood, these

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Speaker 1: chemicals have been linked to neurodevelopment issues, obesity, blood pressure, asthma, bronchitis,

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Speaker 1: and precocious puberty in young girls. In adulthood, they linked

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Speaker 1: the chemicals to an increased risk of endometriosis, polycystic ovarian syndrome,

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Speaker 1: decreased sperm concentration, type two diabetes and insulin resistance, thyroid

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Speaker 1: function issues, obesity, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and cancer. These chemicals

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Speaker 1: are found in items that we use every day and

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Speaker 1: are known to be able to infiltrate our bodies. So

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Speaker 1: what can we do about it? Professor Sarah Dunlop is

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Speaker 1: the head of Plastics in Human Health at MINDARU Foundation. Sarah,

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Speaker 1: can you give us a bit of background on the

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Speaker 1: chemicals that we do find in plastic. Have they always

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Speaker 1: been a part of the plastic making process and how

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Speaker 1: long have we been aware that they've been harmful to

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Speaker 1: human health?

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Speaker 2: Great questions. First need to say that this work was

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Speaker 2: done between Mendaro and the Johanna Briggs Institute at the

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Speaker 2: University of Adelaide, an amazing team there who helped us

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Speaker 2: look at all the literature. So the plastic chemicals issue,

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Speaker 2: it's core and it's great you've asked that question first,

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Speaker 2: because when we started this work we didn't know what

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Speaker 2: chemicals were in plastic. We had to sort of start

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Speaker 2: figuring it out. When you buy a pack of the biscuits,

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Speaker 2: you know what's in the food, but not the packet.

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Speaker 2: So we looked at the literature and as we did

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Speaker 2: this work of for four years, some really saminal publications

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Speaker 2: came out logging all of the chemicals that are used

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Speaker 2: to make plastic. The latest one has a total of

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Speaker 2: about sixteen thousand chemicals that are used to make plastic,

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Speaker 2: of which concerningly about eleventh and have no hazard criteria.

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Speaker 2: We don't know whether they're harmful or not, and yet

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Speaker 2: they're still being used. It's a very complex material. We

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Speaker 2: tend to think of it as something that's inert, but

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Speaker 2: it's not. And the problem with these chemicals. What you

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Speaker 2: need to do now is imagine plastic is like a

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Speaker 2: bowl of spaghetti. So the polymers which you all have

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Speaker 2: heard of, polystyrene, polyethylene, and there such like the strings

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Speaker 2: that poly means more. But the polymers are useless on

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Speaker 2: their own. We need other chemicals to actually make the

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Speaker 2: plastic useful, so plasticizers to make it soft or flexible,

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Speaker 2: flame retardants to stop it bursting into flames, UV stabilizers

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Speaker 2: to stop it cracking and breaking up the sunlight. And

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Speaker 2: those chemicals they're like the bolonnais, and they don't stick

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Speaker 2: to the spaghetti. They get out, they come out, they

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Speaker 2: leak out, and they get into us. And we know

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Speaker 2: they're in us because when we measure urine and blood

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Speaker 2: and cord blood and amniotic fluid, we find them using

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Speaker 2: very special measurement techniques. So a large number of chemicals

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Speaker 2: we're not told what they are. We've had to figure

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Speaker 2: that out, and we do have concerns about a lack

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Speaker 2: of transparency. We want to know what's in the plastic,

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Speaker 2: and we also want hazard testing of these chemicals before

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Speaker 2: market release so that the producer can be confident that

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Speaker 2: they are producing a safe product. Now one wants to

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Speaker 2: produce unsafe products, and we as consumers are also confident

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Speaker 2: that what we're buying is safe.

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Speaker 1: Well, how many things in our homes contain these chemicals?

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Speaker 1: Do we have to go in assuming that everything that's

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Speaker 1: made of plastic has some of these harmful chemicals involved.

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Speaker 2: Again, we don't know exactly which chemicals are in each

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Speaker 2: product because we're not told. We've had to look at

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Speaker 2: this from the end point of view and say, what

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Speaker 2: are the chemicals that we've picked up in humans and

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Speaker 2: is it linked to harm? So I can't tell you

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Speaker 2: about which specific chemicals are in which products. You know,

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Speaker 2: and I know that if you look through the house,

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Speaker 2: there's an element of plastic in practically everything in our kitchen,

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Speaker 2: so plastic chopping boards, plastic knives and forks, containers, and

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Speaker 2: then building materials so synthetic foams, inside furniture. Even paint

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Speaker 2: is about fifty percent plastic. So the list goes on

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Speaker 2: and on, and it's been an incredible success material in

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Speaker 2: terms of transforming our lives. But what we now need

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Speaker 2: to do is make sure that the products we're using

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Speaker 2: are safe by eliminating toxic chemicals, not let them get

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Speaker 2: into plastic in the first place.

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Speaker 1: Is that possible, Sarah? I mean, as you mentioned a

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Speaker 1: lot of these things have a purpose. Can we remove

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Speaker 1: these chemicals without changing how we utilize plastic each day?

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Speaker 2: I hope. So it's going to need a lot of

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Speaker 2: work and it's going to need people coming together. We

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Speaker 2: have to work with industry so that they are able

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Speaker 2: to produce safe plastics, and there are so many of them,

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Speaker 2: but there are ways of looking at hazards. We've got

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Speaker 2: multiple standard tests that can be used to do that.

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Speaker 2: So you look at whether or not the chemicals are persistent.

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Speaker 2: If they're persistence and they get into you, they're going

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Speaker 2: to build up. Mobility is another important one. Toxicity obviously

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Speaker 2: then is it toxic to our reproduction? Is it toxic

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Speaker 2: to our brains? Is it endochrome disruption? And all of

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Speaker 2: that can be evaluated in the lab and that's what

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Speaker 2: we're calling for to be done before market release.

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Speaker 1: Now, we spoke just before we started this interview and

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Speaker 1: you said, it's really important for people to know that

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Speaker 1: these chemicals in plastics are not our faults. It's not

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Speaker 1: our fault that we purchase these things because we don't

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Speaker 1: know that these chemicals are in them. But is there

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Speaker 1: anything that we can do with ourselves once we've absorbed

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Speaker 1: these chemicals, do we know if there's anything that we

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Speaker 1: can do to avoid getting them into our systems or

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Speaker 1: removing them from our systems.

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Speaker 2: I need to step back a bit and explain that

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Speaker 2: there are two major groups of chemicals. There are the

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Speaker 2: ones like the p fasts and the flame retardants, which

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Speaker 2: are persistent, and they are molecules that if you take

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Speaker 2: them in, they go on building up because of a

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Speaker 2: very long half life, and you don't get rid of

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Speaker 2: them very easily. Then there's the other ones, which have

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Speaker 2: a very short half life of a few hours. So

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Speaker 2: that's things like BPA, and you've probably heard of phalades

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Speaker 2: as well, which are the softening agents. Now those are

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Speaker 2: the opposite of the forever chemicals. They get into our body,

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Speaker 2: they're actually metabolized, they're changed by our bodies. So when

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Speaker 2: we pick those metabolites up in the urine, we know

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Speaker 2: it's actually been through the body. They go through very quickly.

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Speaker 2: The half life's about six hours. But the problem is

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Speaker 2: as fast as you're sort of weiing things out, you're

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Speaker 2: taking the next lot in from your food and drink

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Speaker 2: intake and perhaps from clothing, perhaps from building materials. So

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Speaker 2: it's a constant.

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Speaker 1: The director of the Mindari Foundation, former South Australian Premier

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Speaker 1: Jay Weatherill, says that we need to treat the discovery

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Speaker 1: of the harms these chemicals cause like we did when

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Speaker 1: we discover the effect that mercury had on our bodies,

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Speaker 1: that it needs to be a worldwide collective effort from

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Speaker 1: all countries to remove them from our bodies and our environment.

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Speaker 1: Now all this sounds really scary, the possibility that we're

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Speaker 1: using everyday items that could be harmful to our health,

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Speaker 1: but Sarah says there are things we can do to

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Speaker 1: help avoid exposure.

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Speaker 2: We're doing some really interesting work with the University of

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Speaker 2: Western Australia to try and reduce exposure. That's not our

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Speaker 2: fault and we need to work together. There are some

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Speaker 2: things that you can do personally to avoid plastic usage,

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Speaker 2: and we have some interesting data coming out soon on

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Speaker 2: that and how you can actually do it. And it's

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Speaker 2: primary through food and food preparation and drinks and personal

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Speaker 2: care products and trying to eliminate the plastic from that.

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Speaker 2: So when you go to the supermarket and it's hard,

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Speaker 2: it really really hard. I mean, I'm just trying to

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Speaker 2: do plastic free July. Try and buy fresh produce that

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Speaker 2: is not wrapped in plastic when you're at home. Don't

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Speaker 2: store food in plastic, and certainly don't hits up in

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Speaker 2: the microwave in plastic. Try and buy non synthetic clothes.

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Speaker 2: They shed both the chemicals as well as large, large

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Speaker 2: quantities of microplastics every time they've washed. That again is

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Speaker 2: really hard. I mean, who doesn't love a bit of

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Speaker 2: lie cruft for example? And then flow coverings. If one

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Speaker 2: could have tiles or wooden floors, that's good, but again

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Speaker 2: there's a socioeconomic issue here. Small differences, particularly around the

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Speaker 2: food and the drink is an important thing that we

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Speaker 2: can actually do on a day to day basis. And

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Speaker 2: the other thing is to write to your politician. We

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Speaker 2: have to get the volume up on this so that

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Speaker 2: we really can have a much safer planet to live on,

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Speaker 2: both for the planet and for our health.

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Speaker 1: Thanks for spending some time fitting your mind with us today.

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Speaker 1: The quickie is produced by me Claire Murphy and our

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Speaker 1: senior producer Taylor Strano, with production assistance from Telissa Bizaz.

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Speaker 1: Audio production by Lou Hill