WEBVTT - Simon Hill // The Proof, the plants, the pathYAY

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<v Speaker 1>If you're not putting yourself in the position where you're

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<v Speaker 1>a beginner and you feel that challenge and the butterflies,

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<v Speaker 1>then you're limiting your growth. But actually, what I love

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<v Speaker 1>is being a life learner and realizing how much more

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<v Speaker 1>I have to learn and also just how amazing we

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<v Speaker 1>all are. We can all learn so much more than

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<v Speaker 1>we think.

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<v Speaker 2>Welcome to the Sees the Yay Podcast. Busy and happy

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<v Speaker 2>are not the same thing. We too rarely question what

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<v Speaker 2>makes the heart seeing. We work, then we rest, but

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<v Speaker 2>rarely we play and often don't realize there's more than

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<v Speaker 2>one way. So this is a platform to hear and

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<v Speaker 2>explore the stories of those who found lives They adore

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<v Speaker 2>the good, bad and ugly. The best and worst day

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<v Speaker 2>will bear all the facets of seizing your ya. I'm

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<v Speaker 2>Sarah Davidson or a spoonful of Sarah, a lawyer turned

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<v Speaker 2>fu entrepreneur whos walped the suits and heels to co

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<v Speaker 2>found matcha Maiden and Matcham Milk Bark CZA is a

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<v Speaker 2>series of conversations on finding a life you love and

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<v Speaker 2>exploring the self out challenge, joy and fulfillment along the way.

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<v Speaker 2>Lovely Neighborhood, I hope you all had a wonderful double

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<v Speaker 2>long weekend and getting back into the swing of things.

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<v Speaker 2>It does take the brain a little while to kick

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<v Speaker 2>back into gear. I had some very much needed downtime

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<v Speaker 2>in the countryside over easter with lots of wholesome analog

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<v Speaker 2>playta We did crosswords and puzzles and read books, and

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<v Speaker 2>my goodness, it does wonders for the soul. So often

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<v Speaker 2>you don't realize how fast you've been going, or how

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<v Speaker 2>hard you've been pushing yourself until you stop, and then

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<v Speaker 2>it all catches up on you. And I talk about

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<v Speaker 2>the relentlessness of our modern pace of life so much

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<v Speaker 2>on this show, and yet even with all that knowledge

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<v Speaker 2>in my brain, I still constantly fall victim to it myself.

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<v Speaker 2>It's just crazy how we can get stuck in these cycles.

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<v Speaker 2>So I am very grateful not only for our guest today,

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<v Speaker 2>but for the timing of his appearance, as he just

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<v Speaker 2>happens to be a world renowned expert in optimizing our health,

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<v Speaker 2>our wellbeing, and our longevity and is exactly the person

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<v Speaker 2>whose brains that I needed to pick this week. Nick

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<v Speaker 2>and I are lucky to have been friends with Simon

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<v Speaker 2>Hill for many years now connecting through multiple shared chapters

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<v Speaker 2>in the wellness industry, including launching product businesses. This was

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<v Speaker 2>back in the Matchmaden days for us opening our plant

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<v Speaker 2>based restaurants at similar times and sharing in that experience,

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<v Speaker 2>writing books, hanging with the hemswords, and then of course

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<v Speaker 2>entering the wild world of podcasting. One of us has

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<v Speaker 2>a number one best selling book and a podcast with

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<v Speaker 2>forty million downloads and counting. And I'll let you, guys

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<v Speaker 2>guess which one of us that is. You may already

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<v Speaker 2>know Simon as the brain's behind the multi platform plant Proof,

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<v Speaker 2>recently rebranded to The Proof, exploring the health and longevity

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<v Speaker 2>benefits that come with mastering physical exercise, nutrition, mindfulness, recovery, sleep,

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<v Speaker 2>and alignment. Simon is a physiotherapist and nutrition scientist with

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<v Speaker 2>such a unique ability to distill and translate often bluted,

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<v Speaker 2>nuanced scientific information into snippets that are digestible pun intended

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<v Speaker 2>by everyday audiences, so that we are equipped to block

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<v Speaker 2>out the noise and misinformation of the social media age

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<v Speaker 2>and better our lives. I mean, who doesn't want to

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<v Speaker 2>live longer and better and be given tips on how

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<v Speaker 2>to do that in a digestible, easy to access way.

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<v Speaker 2>You can see why Simon's is a brain that I'm

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<v Speaker 2>thrilled to have picked this week and why millions tune

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<v Speaker 2>into his content. This one is full of zingers, and

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<v Speaker 2>I hope you guys enjoy as much as I did.

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<v Speaker 2>Simon Hill, Welcome to Ceza Sarah.

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<v Speaker 3>Great to be here with you. Thank you for having me.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh, we were just discussing before we started

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<v Speaker 2>recording that it's been many, many years, like maybe even

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<v Speaker 2>almost a decade since I saw you in the flesh,

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<v Speaker 2>back in the homeland of Australia, which is not where

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<v Speaker 2>you are currently. But it's lovely to see you, my course.

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<v Speaker 2>I think the big problem with having guests that you've

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<v Speaker 2>followed for a really long time and sort of lived

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<v Speaker 2>parallel lives that have intersected at very points is wanting

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<v Speaker 2>to distill that entire person and all their knowledge into

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<v Speaker 2>a single episode to just showcase everything that's incredible about you.

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<v Speaker 2>But with like three hundred and sixty episodes of your

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<v Speaker 2>own podcast, a book endless knowledge in so many areas,

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<v Speaker 2>multiple businesses, I've actually struggled a lot to decide where

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<v Speaker 2>to start with this one, because there's so many places

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<v Speaker 2>we could, but in most episodes I like to start

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<v Speaker 2>back at childhood because I think that as we get

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<v Speaker 2>further and further into our lives, we get clouded by

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<v Speaker 2>success and the rat races we're just talking about, and

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<v Speaker 2>sort of taking it back to the very beginning who

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<v Speaker 2>you are, when you're a blank slate, and then chasing

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<v Speaker 2>through all the chapters that formed you into who you are.

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<v Speaker 2>It always is a nice place to begin someone's journey.

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<v Speaker 2>So take us back to young Simon and Melbourne boy,

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<v Speaker 2>what were your first part time jobs? What did you

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<v Speaker 2>think you'd be?

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<v Speaker 1>My first part time job was actually selling footy records

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<v Speaker 1>at the MCG no.

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<v Speaker 3>Record, get your record?

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<v Speaker 2>I probably bought enough for you, how I con.

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<v Speaker 1>It you might have? Yeah, Yeah, I was really big

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<v Speaker 1>into skateboarding actually when I was a teenager. So I

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<v Speaker 1>worked out that I could work at the football self

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<v Speaker 1>footy records, make some money, and then I could go

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<v Speaker 1>to the swyards. I'm not sure if you remember the

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<v Speaker 1>there was a skate park that it's gone now, used

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<v Speaker 1>to be in the middle of Melbourne and it's right

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<v Speaker 1>near Melbourne Central. So I would get off the train

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<v Speaker 1>with my friends at Melbourne Central and we'd head over

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<v Speaker 1>to the sour yards and spend all the money that

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<v Speaker 1>we'd made, like buying new skateboards.

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<v Speaker 3>Or new wheels and buy food, and we thought it

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<v Speaker 3>was so cool.

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<v Speaker 2>It's a simple time.

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<v Speaker 3>So it was such a simple time.

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<v Speaker 1>But I have so many fond memories, like with the

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<v Speaker 1>friends that I was working with and being able to

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<v Speaker 1>sneak into the games and sneak into the Grand Final

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<v Speaker 1>because I had a footy record uniform and I felt

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<v Speaker 1>so cool at the time. But that's where I kind

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<v Speaker 1>of cut my teeth with my first job and started

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<v Speaker 1>to understand money and the importance of money and the

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<v Speaker 1>fact that you could you could trade your time and

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<v Speaker 1>labor and in return get some money and then go

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<v Speaker 1>out into the world and spend it. But as a kid, yeah,

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<v Speaker 1>and that's different to getting money from your parents and

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<v Speaker 1>spending their money. So he gave me a taste for

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<v Speaker 1>what was to come as an adult. But as a kid,

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<v Speaker 1>I was a pretty curious kid. I was like the

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<v Speaker 1>kid that would always want to know how things worked,

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<v Speaker 1>and probably annoyingly so, so I would ask my dad

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<v Speaker 1>and my cousins and my uncle, you know, everything and

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<v Speaker 1>anything if there was you know, some new piece of

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<v Speaker 1>technology in front of us, or a car or a bike.

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<v Speaker 1>I wanted to dismantle it. I wanted to understand how

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<v Speaker 1>it worked. And my dad was really encouraging. He kind

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<v Speaker 1>of really helped encourage that curiosity. He's a scientist himself,

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<v Speaker 1>a professor now and now has been a professor for

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<v Speaker 1>forty years of physiology, and so I think I got

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<v Speaker 1>that from him. You know, he's obviously very cure, wries

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<v Speaker 1>about how the body works and biology and physiology, and

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<v Speaker 1>so kind of followed him down that path.

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<v Speaker 2>Yeah, and I think he was very closely linked into

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<v Speaker 2>another sort of big pivotal moment in your younger years

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<v Speaker 2>that kind of shaped you on the pathway that you're

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<v Speaker 2>on now. I just listened to your episode of The

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<v Speaker 2>Imperfect that just came out two days ago, so I'd

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<v Speaker 2>been sort of doing my research and then was like,

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<v Speaker 2>oh wow, this is so handy for me. I get

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<v Speaker 2>like a refresher of Simon Hill and you talk about

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<v Speaker 2>your I think you called it your on ramp to wellness,

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<v Speaker 2>and there's sort of been several in your life and

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<v Speaker 2>that aligns really closely with what I love in this

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<v Speaker 2>part of each episode, which is tracing through people's earlier

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<v Speaker 2>years to sort of look at all the dots that

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<v Speaker 2>connect and how we think there's this linear pathway to

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<v Speaker 2>get to where we are, but really it's this mish

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<v Speaker 2>mash of events and slide indoors moments, and you know,

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<v Speaker 2>most people don't figure it out going forwards. It only

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<v Speaker 2>makes sense kind of looking backwards. But can you maybe

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<v Speaker 2>take us to that event at fifteen where this passion

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<v Speaker 2>for wellness kind of really was sparked.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, So I think up until the age of fifteen,

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<v Speaker 1>I sort of just thought health was a given. I

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<v Speaker 1>hadn't been around anyone. My grandparents were still alive, and

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<v Speaker 1>I hadn't had a family member or pass away or

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<v Speaker 1>had any real serious health issue. And when I was fifteen,

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<v Speaker 1>on this particular day, we were living in Melbourne or

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<v Speaker 1>outside of Melbourne, and on the weekends, my dad and

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<v Speaker 1>myself and my brother would often go out to the

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<v Speaker 1>Yarra Valley, a wine region, and on this Sunday it

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<v Speaker 1>was just my dad and I and we were having

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<v Speaker 1>a great day driving around in his MGB, which is

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<v Speaker 1>this convertible British sports car, and visiting wineries and being curious.

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<v Speaker 1>I remember we used to ask the wine makers so

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<v Speaker 1>many questions. I really got to appreciate how wine was made.

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<v Speaker 1>And it was also not the first time. But memories

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<v Speaker 1>of the wine makers and this I digress here, but

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<v Speaker 1>wine makers like their face lighting up when people were

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<v Speaker 1>really inquiring about what it is they do.

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<v Speaker 3>So I think back.

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<v Speaker 1>About that now and I'm like, yeah, gosh, you know,

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<v Speaker 1>those people probably felt really seen because we would often

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<v Speaker 1>go to these little tiny wineries, not the bee ones,

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<v Speaker 1>and spend like my dad would just we'd sit there

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<v Speaker 1>for like hours. And on this day, we were driving

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<v Speaker 1>back home to Kinglake where my dad lived, and he

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<v Speaker 1>started to get some chest pain and I could tell

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<v Speaker 1>that he was uncomfortable. Asked him if he was okay,

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<v Speaker 1>and he said that he has chest pain, but he

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<v Speaker 1>kind of played it down, and we proceeded to go

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<v Speaker 1>home and cooked dinner.

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<v Speaker 3>He seemed fine. I went to.

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<v Speaker 1>Bed, and in the early hours of the following morning,

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<v Speaker 1>I woke up to noise in the kitchen and thought

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<v Speaker 1>I'd better go out and see what was happening. And

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<v Speaker 1>by the time I got out to the kitchen, my

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<v Speaker 1>dad was there with the phone. He was on his knees,

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<v Speaker 1>he was out of breath. I can remember this vividly,

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<v Speaker 1>and he had called triple zero, and by that time

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<v Speaker 1>he could no longer deny what was happening. He was

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<v Speaker 1>having a heart attack. My dad studies cardiovascular risk factors.

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<v Speaker 1>They knew exactly what was happening.

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<v Speaker 2>The strength of denial.

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<v Speaker 1>I think it's pretty common among men to kind of

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<v Speaker 1>wait until the last minute to go and see a doctor,

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<v Speaker 1>and this was like really waiting until the last minute.

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<v Speaker 3>And so he pushed it to write to the limits.

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<v Speaker 1>And I ended up speaking with the paramedic and just

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<v Speaker 1>explaining like what his state was. And we were in

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<v Speaker 1>King Lake, and this was a while back. So now

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<v Speaker 1>I imagine it's quite developed out between Bundur and King Lake,

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<v Speaker 1>but there wasn't actually much back then. It was a

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<v Speaker 1>lot of paddocks and country farms, and the nearest hospital

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<v Speaker 1>was a little while away. So they said, we're going

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<v Speaker 1>to send a helicopter, and before I knew it, there

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<v Speaker 1>was a helicopter. There was paramedics inside the house, putting

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<v Speaker 1>him up on the stretcher and attaching all sorts of

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<v Speaker 1>different cords and cables and measuring vitals and all these

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<v Speaker 1>sorts of things, and then they whisked him away and

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<v Speaker 1>took him in the helicopter. That wasn't room for me,

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<v Speaker 1>so I trailed in the ambulance by car, and my

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<v Speaker 1>mom and my brother.

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<v Speaker 3>They were in Alpham.

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<v Speaker 1>Because my parents were divorced, so I called them and

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<v Speaker 1>explained what was happening, and so they then met started

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<v Speaker 1>driving and met me at the hospital.

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<v Speaker 2>Oh my gosh, you were fifteen by yourself.

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<v Speaker 1>Yeah, So it was just that was just me kind

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<v Speaker 1>of dealing with all of that, and I don't think

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<v Speaker 1>I really realized until like maybe fifteen years down the

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<v Speaker 1>track that that was like quite a traumatic experience to

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<v Speaker 1>sort of see a loved one, you know, my dad,

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<v Speaker 1>my hero, who all of a sudden his health is

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<v Speaker 1>crumbling and you don't know if he's going to live.

0:11:57.480 --> 0:12:01.920
<v Speaker 1>And we waited at the hospital and the doctor came

0:12:01.920 --> 0:12:03.920
<v Speaker 1>out and let us know that my dad had had

0:12:03.960 --> 0:12:08.000
<v Speaker 1>a very severe heart attack. He was forty one, and

0:12:08.760 --> 0:12:14.040
<v Speaker 1>he wasn't on any prescription medications and had no diagnosed conditions,

0:12:14.440 --> 0:12:17.800
<v Speaker 1>so it was kind of out of the blue, very unexpected,

0:12:17.920 --> 0:12:21.280
<v Speaker 1>and they had managed to save his life, which was

0:12:21.360 --> 0:12:24.680
<v Speaker 1>like obviously the most important thing that we cared about

0:12:24.679 --> 0:12:27.520
<v Speaker 1>at that point. In time, and then he walked us

0:12:27.520 --> 0:12:30.560
<v Speaker 1>through my dad's prognosis and said that he would likely

0:12:30.600 --> 0:12:33.440
<v Speaker 1>be on certain medications for the rest of his life,

0:12:34.280 --> 0:12:38.160
<v Speaker 1>and that my brother and I, being young men essentially

0:12:38.360 --> 0:12:42.640
<v Speaker 1>I was fifteen, my brother about eighteen, would really need

0:12:42.679 --> 0:12:44.839
<v Speaker 1>to keep you an eye on this because cardiovascular disease

0:12:44.920 --> 0:12:48.120
<v Speaker 1>runs in families, and that we kind of walked away

0:12:48.240 --> 0:12:54.640
<v Speaker 1>from that event for many, many years, sort of holding

0:12:54.640 --> 0:12:59.280
<v Speaker 1>this limiting belief that we'd been dealt this dodgy card

0:12:59.440 --> 0:13:02.480
<v Speaker 1>essentially your cards, and so we had these genes that

0:13:03.200 --> 0:13:05.240
<v Speaker 1>you know, led to our father who seemed healthy. He

0:13:05.280 --> 0:13:08.640
<v Speaker 1>wasn't from the outside. He wasn't someone that was going

0:13:08.679 --> 0:13:12.280
<v Speaker 1>and eating McDonald's and hungry Jackson. He wasn't OBEs. My

0:13:12.360 --> 0:13:17.320
<v Speaker 1>dad was representative of a typical Australian father. He was

0:13:17.800 --> 0:13:20.520
<v Speaker 1>someone who was probably a little stressed from work and

0:13:20.559 --> 0:13:23.520
<v Speaker 1>trying to earn enough money. But he exercised, you know,

0:13:23.559 --> 0:13:25.560
<v Speaker 1>three or four days a week. He tried to eat

0:13:25.679 --> 0:13:28.880
<v Speaker 1>whole foods. He wasn't eating a whole lot of junk food.

0:13:28.920 --> 0:13:31.400
<v Speaker 1>And he didn't smoke, and he drank you know, I

0:13:31.440 --> 0:13:33.559
<v Speaker 1>guess I'd say like the average amount of alcohol for

0:13:33.600 --> 0:13:35.520
<v Speaker 1>an Australian, which is probably too much.

0:13:35.640 --> 0:13:39.360
<v Speaker 2>I was going to say relative globally, probably a little

0:13:39.400 --> 0:13:42.160
<v Speaker 2>bit side the average.

0:13:44.120 --> 0:13:47.360
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, let's just say it's a little high, but still

0:13:47.480 --> 0:13:51.000
<v Speaker 1>unexpected at forty one. Right at forty one, you are

0:13:51.040 --> 0:13:53.920
<v Speaker 1>still very much, you know, middle aged young. You're not

0:13:54.000 --> 0:13:56.160
<v Speaker 1>expecting to have a heart attack or a stroke or

0:13:56.160 --> 0:13:58.640
<v Speaker 1>any type of significant cardiac event.

0:13:59.520 --> 0:14:02.839
<v Speaker 3>And it wasn't until many, many years later.

0:14:02.840 --> 0:14:06.920
<v Speaker 1>When I had gone to university and started understanding science,

0:14:07.000 --> 0:14:13.160
<v Speaker 1>that I was able to better understand the role of

0:14:13.280 --> 0:14:20.760
<v Speaker 1>genetics and lifestyle our environment. And so while I probably

0:14:20.800 --> 0:14:24.200
<v Speaker 1>do have some genes that are kind of stacking the

0:14:24.280 --> 0:14:27.360
<v Speaker 1>deck against me from a cardiovascular disease point of view,

0:14:28.160 --> 0:14:31.160
<v Speaker 1>the main reason that cardiovascid disease actually runs in families

0:14:31.560 --> 0:14:36.920
<v Speaker 1>is not genetic. It's that families typically adopt the same lifestyles.

0:14:37.800 --> 0:14:40.040
<v Speaker 1>When you double click and deal a little deeper into

0:14:40.240 --> 0:14:43.480
<v Speaker 1>the research, sure, genes probably count for about twenty percent

0:14:43.480 --> 0:14:45.840
<v Speaker 1>of your health fate and risk of chronic disease, but

0:14:45.880 --> 0:14:49.000
<v Speaker 1>the other eighty percent is influenced by the choices that

0:14:49.080 --> 0:14:54.000
<v Speaker 1>you do or don't make. And discovering that kind of

0:14:54.320 --> 0:14:57.080
<v Speaker 1>flipped the I guess the narrative. And I haven't really

0:14:57.160 --> 0:14:59.160
<v Speaker 1>ever thought about this, but I probably had a bit

0:14:59.200 --> 0:15:03.480
<v Speaker 1>of a victim narrative. You know, I was probably not

0:15:03.640 --> 0:15:06.040
<v Speaker 1>in a very empowered position, and then when I had

0:15:06.080 --> 0:15:10.840
<v Speaker 1>that information, it changed to me saying, Okay, I have

0:15:10.920 --> 0:15:13.320
<v Speaker 1>these genes, but I kind of can accept a lot

0:15:13.320 --> 0:15:15.400
<v Speaker 1>of responsibility here and understand that I have a lot

0:15:15.400 --> 0:15:19.040
<v Speaker 1>of power. And that was, you know, a very empowering

0:15:19.480 --> 0:15:22.600
<v Speaker 1>moment for me, and it led to everything I'm pursuing

0:15:22.600 --> 0:15:25.640
<v Speaker 1>now and kind of provides a purpose for why I

0:15:25.680 --> 0:15:29.120
<v Speaker 1>have the conversations I have, so that the everyday person

0:15:29.160 --> 0:15:31.760
<v Speaker 1>out there can also feel that empowerment and understand that

0:15:31.840 --> 0:15:34.880
<v Speaker 1>they you know, they may have genes that are predisposing

0:15:34.880 --> 0:15:38.320
<v Speaker 1>them to breast cancer or to prostate cancer or if

0:15:38.360 --> 0:15:41.320
<v Speaker 1>you're like me, having a heart attack, but there's there's

0:15:41.360 --> 0:15:45.280
<v Speaker 1>a lot you can do to stop those genes being

0:15:45.400 --> 0:15:49.040
<v Speaker 1>expressed and really reduce your risk of having those diseases

0:15:49.320 --> 0:15:50.240
<v Speaker 1>affect your life.

0:15:52.040 --> 0:15:54.440
<v Speaker 2>I loved that. I mean, I've heard you sort of

0:15:54.440 --> 0:15:57.040
<v Speaker 2>speak to that statistic quite a lot, that eighty twenty split,

0:15:57.080 --> 0:16:00.360
<v Speaker 2>and it fascinates me in quite a unique way because

0:16:00.560 --> 0:16:02.960
<v Speaker 2>I think you probably already know that I'm adopted, and

0:16:03.000 --> 0:16:06.280
<v Speaker 2>so I've never had the full picture of our genetics.

0:16:06.400 --> 0:16:09.080
<v Speaker 2>Nick's mother is also adopted, so we both have like

0:16:09.120 --> 0:16:12.560
<v Speaker 2>a bit of a mystery in our genetic makeup. And

0:16:13.040 --> 0:16:16.200
<v Speaker 2>often when I'm asked, have you ever gone to find

0:16:16.200 --> 0:16:19.760
<v Speaker 2>your birth parents and medical history? You know, have you

0:16:19.840 --> 0:16:24.720
<v Speaker 2>wanted that picture? I've actually often. I mean there's lots

0:16:24.760 --> 0:16:27.320
<v Speaker 2>of sort of social and emotional parts of that conversation,

0:16:27.720 --> 0:16:30.480
<v Speaker 2>but in the health area alone, when I did twenty

0:16:30.480 --> 0:16:32.520
<v Speaker 2>three in me the DNA testing, I wanted to know

0:16:32.600 --> 0:16:35.200
<v Speaker 2>my ethnic makeup, but I didn't want to know if

0:16:35.240 --> 0:16:38.760
<v Speaker 2>I had a predisposition to anything because of that exact reason.

0:16:38.840 --> 0:16:43.440
<v Speaker 2>I thought, if it's bad, it's not guaranteed, but it's

0:16:43.480 --> 0:16:46.440
<v Speaker 2>going to make me think I've been dealt these cards,

0:16:46.800 --> 0:16:50.360
<v Speaker 2>and I'll focus on it rather than knowing that that

0:16:50.440 --> 0:16:54.480
<v Speaker 2>eighty percent I'm empowered to change within that sphere of influence,

0:16:54.520 --> 0:16:57.440
<v Speaker 2>it's massive, and I didn't want to know that, you know,

0:16:57.520 --> 0:16:59.920
<v Speaker 2>have this like, yeah, this opportunity to become a VG

0:17:00.080 --> 0:17:01.800
<v Speaker 2>them to the cards I've dealt. And I think that

0:17:01.840 --> 0:17:04.760
<v Speaker 2>the message that you have in health is also really

0:17:04.840 --> 0:17:07.400
<v Speaker 2>well extrapolated to life, is it? Sometimes you think you've

0:17:07.440 --> 0:17:09.639
<v Speaker 2>had this bad luck because of your circumstances, but you

0:17:09.680 --> 0:17:11.680
<v Speaker 2>can change so much more of it than you think.

0:17:11.760 --> 0:17:15.240
<v Speaker 2>You think. I'm shy, I can't public speak, I'm short,

0:17:15.320 --> 0:17:17.000
<v Speaker 2>I can't be a model. You know, there's all these

0:17:17.000 --> 0:17:20.439
<v Speaker 2>things that we think silo our choices in life. But

0:17:21.119 --> 0:17:23.200
<v Speaker 2>maybe that's twenty percent of the picture. But that eighty

0:17:23.240 --> 0:17:26.800
<v Speaker 2>percent you can work with with your lifestyle, with your choices,

0:17:26.840 --> 0:17:30.000
<v Speaker 2>with the mindset that you take. And when you said

0:17:30.040 --> 0:17:32.520
<v Speaker 2>that in the Imperfect episode, I just was like writing

0:17:32.560 --> 0:17:35.320
<v Speaker 2>down furiously. I'm like, oh my god, eighty twenty people

0:17:35.359 --> 0:17:36.120
<v Speaker 2>need to know this.

0:17:37.920 --> 0:17:40.040
<v Speaker 1>I agree with you. We can really limit ourselves and

0:17:40.040 --> 0:17:43.720
<v Speaker 1>put ourselves in a box. We can become defined by

0:17:43.760 --> 0:17:46.600
<v Speaker 1>something like those things that you just mentioned there. I

0:17:46.640 --> 0:17:50.800
<v Speaker 1>will say, in speaking to many people about this idea

0:17:50.800 --> 0:17:53.880
<v Speaker 1>of doing genetic testing, it's funny because I think personality

0:17:54.480 --> 0:17:55.359
<v Speaker 1>I play a role.

0:17:55.760 --> 0:17:55.959
<v Speaker 3>You know.

0:17:56.000 --> 0:18:00.159
<v Speaker 1>There are some people who at least the feedback that

0:18:00.200 --> 0:18:02.399
<v Speaker 1>they've given me is that going out and doing a

0:18:02.440 --> 0:18:05.320
<v Speaker 1>genetic test and they found out they had like two

0:18:05.400 --> 0:18:08.480
<v Speaker 1>copies of APO E four, which it means that you

0:18:08.560 --> 0:18:11.240
<v Speaker 1>have significantly higher risk of dementia.

0:18:12.160 --> 0:18:12.960
<v Speaker 3>And I'm not.

0:18:12.880 --> 0:18:15.440
<v Speaker 1>Sure if you watched Limitless with Chris Hemsworth, but that

0:18:15.520 --> 0:18:17.680
<v Speaker 1>was one of the key for like a focal point

0:18:17.720 --> 0:18:21.640
<v Speaker 1>of that that documentary was his work with doctor Peter Attia.

0:18:21.720 --> 0:18:24.960
<v Speaker 1>They did genetic testing discovered he had two of those copies,

0:18:25.400 --> 0:18:28.119
<v Speaker 1>And I think it can go both ways. So I

0:18:28.160 --> 0:18:30.080
<v Speaker 1>agree with that. I think there's certain people that do

0:18:30.200 --> 0:18:32.800
<v Speaker 1>not do well with that information, and so you have

0:18:32.880 --> 0:18:36.239
<v Speaker 1>to know yourself. And if you think that that is

0:18:36.280 --> 0:18:40.080
<v Speaker 1>going to limit you and perhaps lead to a kind

0:18:40.119 --> 0:18:43.639
<v Speaker 1>of more of a victim mindset than genetic testing, is

0:18:43.640 --> 0:18:45.919
<v Speaker 1>probably not for you. But then there is the person

0:18:45.960 --> 0:18:48.479
<v Speaker 1>out there who just wants to know all of the

0:18:48.520 --> 0:18:53.359
<v Speaker 1>information and he wants to prove people wrong, and so

0:18:53.840 --> 0:18:56.760
<v Speaker 1>finding out they have two copies of Apoe four provides

0:18:56.800 --> 0:19:00.000
<v Speaker 1>all the motivation they need. And that type of person

0:19:01.040 --> 0:19:03.600
<v Speaker 1>is also the type of person you know. It's very

0:19:03.600 --> 0:19:05.480
<v Speaker 1>hard to get people to adopt a healthy lifestyle.

0:19:06.280 --> 0:19:07.080
<v Speaker 3>But one of the.

0:19:07.040 --> 0:19:12.639
<v Speaker 1>Ways that I've at least seen that helps people is

0:19:12.680 --> 0:19:15.800
<v Speaker 1>either they go through a very serious have a very

0:19:15.800 --> 0:19:20.160
<v Speaker 1>serious event themselves, or they see someone directly like I did.

0:19:20.600 --> 0:19:23.920
<v Speaker 3>And if you don't, then your why may.

0:19:23.800 --> 0:19:27.680
<v Speaker 1>Not be strong enough for you to sustain the changes

0:19:27.720 --> 0:19:31.080
<v Speaker 1>that you make. So for someone who hasn't had a

0:19:31.119 --> 0:19:34.000
<v Speaker 1>severe health event themselves or hasn't seen a close to

0:19:34.000 --> 0:19:36.239
<v Speaker 1>a loved one, it might be the generating testing that

0:19:36.280 --> 0:19:41.119
<v Speaker 1>does provide the motivating piece for them. But I totally

0:19:41.160 --> 0:19:42.919
<v Speaker 1>agree with you that you know, I know people in

0:19:42.960 --> 0:19:46.200
<v Speaker 1>my life that it would just be too much information

0:19:46.359 --> 0:19:47.399
<v Speaker 1>for some people.

0:19:47.560 --> 0:19:49.480
<v Speaker 2>So funny that you said that, And my reason for

0:19:49.520 --> 0:19:51.879
<v Speaker 2>my reaction just then was because I had scrapped whatever

0:19:51.880 --> 0:19:54.679
<v Speaker 2>my next question was and typed just as we're writing

0:19:54.720 --> 0:19:57.280
<v Speaker 2>before that idea of I think you and I have

0:19:57.400 --> 0:19:59.879
<v Speaker 2>been in the wellness industry for it, and had our

0:20:00.080 --> 0:20:02.320
<v Speaker 2>podcast for a similar amount of time. We've kind of

0:20:02.400 --> 0:20:04.639
<v Speaker 2>navigated through the big changes that have happened in the space,

0:20:04.680 --> 0:20:07.560
<v Speaker 2>and one of the things I've often found that we

0:20:07.600 --> 0:20:12.440
<v Speaker 2>all share in common is some big pivotal event, which

0:20:12.480 --> 0:20:15.119
<v Speaker 2>is often a crisis. It's very rarely a big positive event.

0:20:15.160 --> 0:20:18.679
<v Speaker 2>It's always some kind of physical breakdown of ourselves or

0:20:18.680 --> 0:20:22.480
<v Speaker 2>someone else, and then a passion to share enough information

0:20:22.560 --> 0:20:25.639
<v Speaker 2>with others so they don't need that kind of crisis

0:20:25.680 --> 0:20:27.560
<v Speaker 2>to make a change that they can preempt it and

0:20:28.000 --> 0:20:30.960
<v Speaker 2>learn by not by doing, but by seeing, so that

0:20:31.000 --> 0:20:33.560
<v Speaker 2>they don't have to have a breakdown like all of us.

0:20:34.240 --> 0:20:35.919
<v Speaker 2>I think there was a stage in the wellness industry

0:20:35.920 --> 0:20:38.480
<v Speaker 2>where every single person's book was like such a similar

0:20:38.520 --> 0:20:40.720
<v Speaker 2>format because we all were speaking to this I had

0:20:40.760 --> 0:20:44.159
<v Speaker 2>this aha moment, and I hope that you know, we

0:20:44.240 --> 0:20:47.159
<v Speaker 2>don't all need to have that to sort of but

0:20:47.600 --> 0:20:50.560
<v Speaker 2>I do take your point that for some people you

0:20:50.600 --> 0:20:52.600
<v Speaker 2>don't take it seriously until you know you're at risk,

0:20:52.640 --> 0:20:55.359
<v Speaker 2>and so that information can be really empowering. So I absolutely,

0:20:55.359 --> 0:20:58.000
<v Speaker 2>in no way, anyone listening I'm encouraging you not to

0:20:58.000 --> 0:21:00.760
<v Speaker 2>get a DNA test to get more information if that

0:21:00.880 --> 0:21:03.439
<v Speaker 2>is the path it's all about. And the same with

0:21:03.480 --> 0:21:08.640
<v Speaker 2>anything in life. It's all about knowing your own incentivization

0:21:08.840 --> 0:21:11.440
<v Speaker 2>and motivations and hacking the way you do your life

0:21:11.480 --> 0:21:14.720
<v Speaker 2>around yourself, not around other people's, which is I've always

0:21:14.720 --> 0:21:15.720
<v Speaker 2>found really fascinating.

0:21:15.800 --> 0:21:19.040
<v Speaker 1>I often think back to, like if my dad hadn't

0:21:19.040 --> 0:21:21.600
<v Speaker 1>have had that experience, Let's say I was twenty five

0:21:22.240 --> 0:21:24.840
<v Speaker 1>and someone sat me down and said, these are all

0:21:24.880 --> 0:21:28.520
<v Speaker 1>of the principles of a healthy lifestyle and ways that

0:21:28.600 --> 0:21:32.280
<v Speaker 1>you can reduce your risk of chronic disease A, because

0:21:32.480 --> 0:21:34.359
<v Speaker 1>I wouldn't have gone through that first hand experience with

0:21:34.359 --> 0:21:35.960
<v Speaker 1>my dad. I'm not sure how engaged I would have

0:21:36.000 --> 0:21:40.359
<v Speaker 1>been in that conversation and then be how much discipline

0:21:40.640 --> 0:21:44.239
<v Speaker 1>and motivation or intention would I actually have to go

0:21:44.280 --> 0:21:47.119
<v Speaker 1>away and make those changes and see them through. And

0:21:47.160 --> 0:21:51.639
<v Speaker 1>I say intention because it requires intention. We live in

0:21:51.680 --> 0:21:55.359
<v Speaker 1>an environment that makes it very easy to be unhealthy,

0:21:55.720 --> 0:21:58.800
<v Speaker 1>and you know, versus some of the longest living populations

0:21:58.800 --> 0:22:01.440
<v Speaker 1>in the world, it's not that these people just have,

0:22:01.880 --> 0:22:05.040
<v Speaker 1>you know, magically more willpower. They just live in an

0:22:05.119 --> 0:22:10.080
<v Speaker 1>environment where the healthy decision is usually the affordable and

0:22:10.119 --> 0:22:13.440
<v Speaker 1>also the easy decision. But we live in like a maze,

0:22:13.800 --> 0:22:17.400
<v Speaker 1>and so like there's all of these indulgent things trying

0:22:17.400 --> 0:22:18.879
<v Speaker 1>to pull us off track away from.

0:22:18.800 --> 0:22:20.680
<v Speaker 2>Health, all the shiny things, right, all.

0:22:20.600 --> 0:22:24.119
<v Speaker 1>The shiny objects, and all this temptation. And so you

0:22:24.280 --> 0:22:28.600
<v Speaker 1>need to have some intention. And when there is a

0:22:28.680 --> 0:22:31.600
<v Speaker 1>strong why underneath that intention, because you've had this health

0:22:31.600 --> 0:22:34.000
<v Speaker 1>experience yourself or a family member has, then I think

0:22:34.040 --> 0:22:37.000
<v Speaker 1>you're more likely to kind of have that intention sort

0:22:37.000 --> 0:22:40.240
<v Speaker 1>of front of mind as you're navigating your way through

0:22:40.320 --> 0:22:40.760
<v Speaker 1>the world.

0:22:40.960 --> 0:22:42.880
<v Speaker 2>And one thing I think you said in the Imperfect

0:22:42.960 --> 0:22:44.920
<v Speaker 2>podcast is that you know when you are twenty five

0:22:44.960 --> 0:22:47.199
<v Speaker 2>and you hear that someone had a heart attack at

0:22:47.200 --> 0:22:49.600
<v Speaker 2>forty one, You're like, well, forty one's ancient, And now

0:22:49.600 --> 0:22:52.000
<v Speaker 2>we're all closer to forty one than we are to five,

0:22:52.160 --> 0:22:55.960
<v Speaker 2>And suddenly it's all like Jesus, when did we get here?

0:22:56.720 --> 0:23:00.040
<v Speaker 2>But you know, one thing that I think is so

0:23:00.400 --> 0:23:04.400
<v Speaker 2>powerful about you is the way that you deliver scientific

0:23:04.400 --> 0:23:07.399
<v Speaker 2>information that is incredibly powerful. It is sometimes delivered in

0:23:07.400 --> 0:23:09.119
<v Speaker 2>a way that removes so much of the power of

0:23:09.160 --> 0:23:11.560
<v Speaker 2>it in its message because it's there's so much noise,

0:23:12.119 --> 0:23:15.359
<v Speaker 2>it's all conflicting, there's no context, it's not distilled, and

0:23:15.400 --> 0:23:20.359
<v Speaker 2>it's also not reframed to suit the short attention span

0:23:20.800 --> 0:23:24.439
<v Speaker 2>of the generation it's meant to target. Whereas you have

0:23:24.600 --> 0:23:27.800
<v Speaker 2>cut through and been able to like one of your

0:23:27.880 --> 0:23:30.600
<v Speaker 2>last episode, the one of the last episodes, the title

0:23:30.680 --> 0:23:32.480
<v Speaker 2>is this food swap could cut your risk of early

0:23:32.520 --> 0:23:34.840
<v Speaker 2>death by seventeen percent. Who is not going to click

0:23:34.840 --> 0:23:36.960
<v Speaker 2>on that. You don't have to be forty one to think, Jeesus,

0:23:37.560 --> 0:23:40.200
<v Speaker 2>I could be doing something that risks an early death

0:23:40.200 --> 0:23:42.560
<v Speaker 2>and I could reduce that, Like your your capacity for

0:23:42.600 --> 0:23:46.159
<v Speaker 2>deliveries is so incredible. But before we get to that,

0:23:46.280 --> 0:23:48.919
<v Speaker 2>and some of the messages that I'd love our listeners

0:23:48.920 --> 0:23:51.879
<v Speaker 2>to walk away with some kind of spark. What I

0:23:51.920 --> 0:23:54.040
<v Speaker 2>think is even more interesting about what you said about

0:23:54.080 --> 0:23:58.040
<v Speaker 2>twenty five is that it wasn't until twenty five, twenty

0:23:58.080 --> 0:24:00.440
<v Speaker 2>six to twenty seven for you that I mean, you'd

0:24:00.480 --> 0:24:04.200
<v Speaker 2>been a physiotherapist. You hadn't actually done your nutrition studies

0:24:04.320 --> 0:24:08.560
<v Speaker 2>until your twenties, and at the time that probably felt late.

0:24:08.680 --> 0:24:12.199
<v Speaker 2>That probably felt like you were behind. You know, you'd

0:24:12.280 --> 0:24:14.440
<v Speaker 2>not been in this industry when other people had started

0:24:14.440 --> 0:24:17.840
<v Speaker 2>their first degree in nutrition. What was it like to

0:24:17.960 --> 0:24:20.720
<v Speaker 2>start again? You know, we have this fear of going

0:24:20.760 --> 0:24:24.560
<v Speaker 2>backwards and self doubt to be a beginner, and I

0:24:24.600 --> 0:24:29.040
<v Speaker 2>think people don't think they can begin something like later.

0:24:29.160 --> 0:24:31.240
<v Speaker 2>You know, if you didn't do it is your first degree,

0:24:31.280 --> 0:24:33.240
<v Speaker 2>it's like, well, I'm too late. I don't think it's

0:24:33.280 --> 0:24:36.120
<v Speaker 2>ever too late. But what went through your head when

0:24:36.160 --> 0:24:38.480
<v Speaker 2>you did go back to the beginning and start as

0:24:38.520 --> 0:24:40.560
<v Speaker 2>a sort of newbie because your wellness had been more

0:24:40.560 --> 0:24:42.040
<v Speaker 2>biomechanical until then.

0:24:43.600 --> 0:24:50.119
<v Speaker 3>You're too old, it's too late, being silly. The critic

0:24:50.240 --> 0:24:50.879
<v Speaker 3>was pretty loud.

0:24:51.640 --> 0:24:53.359
<v Speaker 1>And then I had the same voice again when I

0:24:53.359 --> 0:24:56.760
<v Speaker 1>started the podcast and I said, you know, earlier we

0:24:56.760 --> 0:24:59.359
<v Speaker 1>were talking offair, like we started in twenty eighteen, and

0:24:59.440 --> 0:25:01.840
<v Speaker 1>at the time I was I thought it's too late.

0:25:02.680 --> 0:25:06.360
<v Speaker 1>And in the last year I've picked the guitar back

0:25:06.440 --> 0:25:09.919
<v Speaker 1>up and I want to start singing as well with

0:25:10.000 --> 0:25:13.440
<v Speaker 1>that and so same voice again, way too old.

0:25:13.480 --> 0:25:16.440
<v Speaker 3>You're nearly forty, Like, what are you doing kind of.

0:25:16.400 --> 0:25:19.160
<v Speaker 2>Thing over the heill mate over the hill.

0:25:20.200 --> 0:25:22.440
<v Speaker 1>If you're not putting yourself in the position where you're

0:25:22.480 --> 0:25:25.879
<v Speaker 1>a beginner and you feel that challenge and the butterflies,

0:25:26.560 --> 0:25:30.480
<v Speaker 1>then you're limiting your growth. And I've certainly had periods

0:25:30.480 --> 0:25:33.399
<v Speaker 1>in my life where I'm uber comfortable, you know, and

0:25:33.440 --> 0:25:37.200
<v Speaker 1>everything just feels super comfy and good, and that's okay.

0:25:37.320 --> 0:25:39.040
<v Speaker 1>But I think every now and then you need to

0:25:39.040 --> 0:25:41.680
<v Speaker 1>do a bit of an audit, and you know, where

0:25:41.680 --> 0:25:45.159
<v Speaker 1>are you holding back? And I knew I wanted to

0:25:45.359 --> 0:25:48.080
<v Speaker 1>better understand nutrition. I knew that it was a gap

0:25:48.119 --> 0:25:52.199
<v Speaker 1>in my knowledge of understanding the human body, and it

0:25:52.320 --> 0:25:54.440
<v Speaker 1>just required me to get over those nerves, to get

0:25:54.440 --> 0:25:55.600
<v Speaker 1>over the fact that I was going to be a

0:25:55.600 --> 0:25:59.320
<v Speaker 1>little older going back to university, and to kind of

0:25:59.359 --> 0:26:02.600
<v Speaker 1>swallow my price, so to speak, and throw myself back

0:26:02.640 --> 0:26:04.720
<v Speaker 1>into it, and to be honest, looking back now, it's

0:26:04.760 --> 0:26:08.600
<v Speaker 1>like what I went and did a master's in nutrition science,

0:26:08.680 --> 0:26:10.560
<v Speaker 1>and I was in my mid to late twenties.

0:26:10.600 --> 0:26:11.440
<v Speaker 3>It's not that old.

0:26:11.520 --> 0:26:12.919
<v Speaker 2>Oh it's so young.

0:26:14.000 --> 0:26:17.040
<v Speaker 1>I've even considered maybe going back and doing a PhD.

0:26:17.119 --> 0:26:20.639
<v Speaker 1>So I think certainly have had the inn a critic

0:26:20.680 --> 0:26:23.320
<v Speaker 1>to answer your question, and a lot of doubt and

0:26:23.359 --> 0:26:25.000
<v Speaker 1>whether it was a good idea or not.

0:26:25.240 --> 0:26:27.480
<v Speaker 3>But the more.

0:26:27.359 --> 0:26:30.960
<v Speaker 1>I've thrown myself back into these positions where I'm learning

0:26:31.160 --> 0:26:33.479
<v Speaker 1>something from scratch and I'm a beginner, I realized that

0:26:34.359 --> 0:26:36.840
<v Speaker 1>it's what actually what I love is being a life

0:26:36.960 --> 0:26:40.400
<v Speaker 1>learner and realizing how much more I have to learn,

0:26:40.480 --> 0:26:43.400
<v Speaker 1>and also just how amazing we all are. We can

0:26:43.480 --> 0:26:46.320
<v Speaker 1>all learn so much more than we think, and I

0:26:46.400 --> 0:26:49.359
<v Speaker 1>think that's really really cool. You know, twelve months ago,

0:26:49.400 --> 0:26:51.520
<v Speaker 1>I couldn't play the guitar at all. Now I can

0:26:51.520 --> 0:26:52.760
<v Speaker 1>play and it's pretty crappy.

0:26:53.040 --> 0:26:56.000
<v Speaker 2>But in a year you'll be headlining Coachella.

0:26:56.200 --> 0:26:58.880
<v Speaker 1>Maybe it's semi decent and I could be at Coachella.

0:26:58.960 --> 0:27:01.760
<v Speaker 1>I joke around my friend, you could sell out Madison Square.

0:27:01.600 --> 0:27:06.359
<v Speaker 2>Got it a hundred percent, one hundred percent, so you

0:27:06.400 --> 0:27:10.160
<v Speaker 2>could maybe be the intersection of like music and stats

0:27:10.200 --> 0:27:12.520
<v Speaker 2>about health, Like maybe there could be some kind of

0:27:12.600 --> 0:27:15.240
<v Speaker 2>like I talk about effiicient delivery. Maybe it's through music,

0:27:15.280 --> 0:27:16.200
<v Speaker 2>like who even knows?

0:27:16.600 --> 0:27:21.240
<v Speaker 3>Could be Yeah, yeah, whatever gets people listening it. I'm gay.

0:27:22.960 --> 0:27:25.200
<v Speaker 2>So I mean, I went back to our dms before

0:27:25.200 --> 0:27:27.359
<v Speaker 2>we started recording, and I think the first one was

0:27:27.400 --> 0:27:29.680
<v Speaker 2>like maybe back in twenty eighteen when we did first

0:27:29.720 --> 0:27:31.679
<v Speaker 2>start our podcast. Maybe a little bit before that, but

0:27:31.720 --> 0:27:34.119
<v Speaker 2>I think through my husband Nick, I think you'd known

0:27:34.200 --> 0:27:36.159
<v Speaker 2>him for quite a while before that as well. So

0:27:36.200 --> 0:27:40.640
<v Speaker 2>we've kind of crossed paths many many times. And one

0:27:40.640 --> 0:27:44.960
<v Speaker 2>of our biggest chapters in parallel was having plant based

0:27:45.040 --> 0:27:48.760
<v Speaker 2>venues in a landscape where that wasn't really a thing.

0:27:49.480 --> 0:27:51.800
<v Speaker 2>I think we've actually been, you know, thinking about you

0:27:51.840 --> 0:27:53.720
<v Speaker 2>thought you started late in twenty eighteen. It was so

0:27:53.880 --> 0:27:56.800
<v Speaker 2>early that compared to now, that was so early in

0:27:56.840 --> 0:27:59.640
<v Speaker 2>the health and wellness industry. It was such a time.

0:28:00.000 --> 0:28:02.720
<v Speaker 2>Looking back, we had Matromaiden and Matrimilk Bar and you

0:28:02.760 --> 0:28:09.199
<v Speaker 2>had Eden, and I just looking back at that time

0:28:09.440 --> 0:28:12.480
<v Speaker 2>and how far we've come, and I have so many

0:28:12.520 --> 0:28:14.520
<v Speaker 2>questions for you. But first I want to go back

0:28:14.560 --> 0:28:18.600
<v Speaker 2>to the fact that we both really focused our plant

0:28:18.600 --> 0:28:23.000
<v Speaker 2>based messaging, as you mentioned before, about these ancient civilizations

0:28:23.080 --> 0:28:27.320
<v Speaker 2>around the blue zones and longevity, and took the animal

0:28:27.400 --> 0:28:30.679
<v Speaker 2>rights ethics based the heat of those arguments away to

0:28:30.760 --> 0:28:34.879
<v Speaker 2>kind of hitch to people who weren't eating plants, because

0:28:34.920 --> 0:28:38.160
<v Speaker 2>it creates more change to serve a plant based meal

0:28:38.200 --> 0:28:39.880
<v Speaker 2>to a non vegan than it does to a vegan.

0:28:40.240 --> 0:28:41.960
<v Speaker 2>And I loved that we were doing that in parallel

0:28:41.960 --> 0:28:47.600
<v Speaker 2>with each other. When you did first sort of start

0:28:47.640 --> 0:28:50.560
<v Speaker 2>eating more plants, you were a very heavy meat eater

0:28:50.720 --> 0:28:56.880
<v Speaker 2>who had been in a very sporty, protein heavy lifestyle beforehand.

0:28:57.720 --> 0:29:00.200
<v Speaker 2>Can you talk to us about some of the heaviest

0:29:00.800 --> 0:29:04.760
<v Speaker 2>eye opening statistics or facts that you learned that spark

0:29:04.840 --> 0:29:07.760
<v Speaker 2>that change for you, and that now you wish you

0:29:07.800 --> 0:29:11.480
<v Speaker 2>know more people knew, because I still think people. I

0:29:11.560 --> 0:29:13.320
<v Speaker 2>can't believe how many customers would come in and just

0:29:13.360 --> 0:29:15.720
<v Speaker 2>have no idea why they needed to be They just

0:29:15.760 --> 0:29:18.240
<v Speaker 2>didn't understand why we needed to be eating more plants.

0:29:18.440 --> 0:29:20.600
<v Speaker 2>They did it because we had a cool looking latte.

0:29:20.800 --> 0:29:23.880
<v Speaker 2>But like that behavior change, what changed it for you?

0:29:24.120 --> 0:29:26.640
<v Speaker 1>I think when you look at the totality of evidence,

0:29:26.680 --> 0:29:29.320
<v Speaker 1>and when I say totality of evidence, I mean essentially

0:29:30.120 --> 0:29:32.920
<v Speaker 1>bench top science, so being at the sort of bottom

0:29:32.960 --> 0:29:36.680
<v Speaker 1>of the evidence hierarchy, which is scientists working with peagery

0:29:36.760 --> 0:29:40.600
<v Speaker 1>dishes and sort of sell cultures, and then animal studies,

0:29:40.680 --> 0:29:42.400
<v Speaker 1>and then you go up or wrong and you're with

0:29:42.600 --> 0:29:46.440
<v Speaker 1>large scale human observational studies. So it could be populations

0:29:46.480 --> 0:29:49.560
<v Speaker 1>in America or in Japan or in parts of Europe

0:29:49.640 --> 0:29:53.240
<v Speaker 1>where there's one hundred thousands of people followed over decades.

0:29:53.800 --> 0:29:56.480
<v Speaker 1>And then above that you go to randomized controlled trials

0:29:56.680 --> 0:30:01.440
<v Speaker 1>where they're often conducted you know, over weeks to months.

0:30:01.480 --> 0:30:04.800
<v Speaker 1>It's a bit expensive to conduct them for longer than that.

0:30:05.360 --> 0:30:09.160
<v Speaker 1>When you look at all of that evidence related to nutrition,

0:30:09.400 --> 0:30:13.200
<v Speaker 1>while there's not one absolute diet that's clearly the best

0:30:13.360 --> 0:30:18.360
<v Speaker 1>for everyone, there is a very clear theme or sort

0:30:18.360 --> 0:30:22.880
<v Speaker 1>of big over overview picture of what a healthy dietary

0:30:22.920 --> 0:30:25.880
<v Speaker 1>pattern looks like. And it's a diet that is low

0:30:25.920 --> 0:30:30.040
<v Speaker 1>and saturated fat. It's rich in these unsaturated fats, it's

0:30:30.120 --> 0:30:34.040
<v Speaker 1>high in fiber, it has more plant protein than animal

0:30:34.040 --> 0:30:37.120
<v Speaker 1>protein compared to the average diet today, and it's lower

0:30:37.200 --> 0:30:40.600
<v Speaker 1>ultra processed foods. And what that looks like in terms

0:30:40.640 --> 0:30:44.240
<v Speaker 1>of diets that people might be familiar with, is anything

0:30:44.280 --> 0:30:47.360
<v Speaker 1>from a Mediterranean diet done well. People might have heard

0:30:47.400 --> 0:30:49.960
<v Speaker 1>of the Dash diet, which was this very plant based

0:30:49.960 --> 0:30:52.840
<v Speaker 1>diet that has been used in research for lowering blood

0:30:52.840 --> 0:30:56.240
<v Speaker 1>pressure and risk of cuttivascular disease. It could be a

0:30:56.280 --> 0:30:58.880
<v Speaker 1>pescatarian diet, or it could be a whole food plant

0:30:58.880 --> 0:31:01.360
<v Speaker 1>based diet. All of the those diets that I just

0:31:02.280 --> 0:31:04.959
<v Speaker 1>listed there, well, some of them are omnivorous and have

0:31:05.040 --> 0:31:07.560
<v Speaker 1>animal foods, and certainly there is room for animal foods

0:31:07.560 --> 0:31:10.040
<v Speaker 1>and healthy diet. It goes all the way to a

0:31:10.040 --> 0:31:14.240
<v Speaker 1>whole food plant based diet that's plants exclusive. The commonality

0:31:15.040 --> 0:31:18.440
<v Speaker 1>is the theme that I mentioned at the beginning, which

0:31:18.480 --> 0:31:22.520
<v Speaker 1>is low saturated fat, rich and unsaturated fats, high fiber,

0:31:23.080 --> 0:31:25.040
<v Speaker 1>a good amount of plant protein, and low and ultra

0:31:25.080 --> 0:31:30.360
<v Speaker 1>processed foods. And what all of those diets achieve through

0:31:30.400 --> 0:31:37.800
<v Speaker 1>that theme is optimization of blood pressure, blood glucose control, cholesterol, inflammation,

0:31:38.600 --> 0:31:42.360
<v Speaker 1>insolent sensitivity, all of these risk factors that we know

0:31:42.400 --> 0:31:50.200
<v Speaker 1>are driving the cardiometabolic diseases and cancer, so cancers, fatty

0:31:50.240 --> 0:31:54.280
<v Speaker 1>livid disease, type two diabetes, cardiabascar disease, dementia, all of

0:31:54.320 --> 0:31:58.320
<v Speaker 1>the big chronic diseases that are robbing people of healthy

0:31:58.640 --> 0:32:02.280
<v Speaker 1>years of life are influenced by those risk factors. And

0:32:02.280 --> 0:32:05.760
<v Speaker 1>when you eat in this manner, particularly over decades, you're

0:32:05.800 --> 0:32:10.080
<v Speaker 1>optimizing those risk factors and dramatically lowering your risk. And

0:32:10.120 --> 0:32:12.240
<v Speaker 1>so for me, as a heavy meat eater, it was

0:32:12.360 --> 0:32:15.959
<v Speaker 1>kind of impossible to ignore that because meat is pulling

0:32:16.000 --> 0:32:19.440
<v Speaker 1>you in the opposite direction, and dose is important. Like

0:32:19.440 --> 0:32:22.520
<v Speaker 1>I said, you can have some meat in a plant

0:32:22.600 --> 0:32:26.400
<v Speaker 1>rich diet and you're still optimizing all those factors that

0:32:26.480 --> 0:32:29.600
<v Speaker 1>I mentioned. But when meat is the star of the plate,

0:32:29.680 --> 0:32:33.600
<v Speaker 1>particularly at every meat at every meal, particularly fatty cuts

0:32:33.600 --> 0:32:36.160
<v Speaker 1>of meat like I was eating, and you're eating a

0:32:36.200 --> 0:32:41.680
<v Speaker 1>lot of butter and high fat dairy, then you're increasing

0:32:41.720 --> 0:32:46.719
<v Speaker 1>your cholesterol, you're reducing your impairing blood glucose control, you

0:32:46.760 --> 0:32:50.960
<v Speaker 1>can increase inflammation. You see less diversity of the microbiome,

0:32:51.000 --> 0:32:54.680
<v Speaker 1>which affects a myriad of risk factors as well. And

0:32:54.760 --> 0:32:57.760
<v Speaker 1>so it was just learning that and understanding what a

0:32:57.760 --> 0:33:02.080
<v Speaker 1>healthy dietary pattern looks like. That provided a lot of

0:33:02.560 --> 0:33:04.920
<v Speaker 1>food for thought for me, and I had to reflect

0:33:04.960 --> 0:33:07.200
<v Speaker 1>on it, and I was very resistant. I didn't want

0:33:07.200 --> 0:33:11.600
<v Speaker 1>to change at the beginning, and I think that if

0:33:11.640 --> 0:33:15.600
<v Speaker 1>I hadn't had that experience with my dad, I don't

0:33:15.600 --> 0:33:17.520
<v Speaker 1>think I would have made the changes in my twenties.

0:33:18.000 --> 0:33:22.400
<v Speaker 1>But I had a very strong reason to make changes

0:33:22.440 --> 0:33:24.920
<v Speaker 1>and to improve these risk factors because I knew that

0:33:25.040 --> 0:33:28.840
<v Speaker 1>my genes were probably stacked against me, and so I

0:33:28.920 --> 0:33:32.040
<v Speaker 1>needed to do whatever I could to make sure that

0:33:32.400 --> 0:33:34.320
<v Speaker 1>they weren't being expressed in a way where I was

0:33:34.360 --> 0:33:35.360
<v Speaker 1>going to have a heart attack.

0:33:37.400 --> 0:33:39.200
<v Speaker 2>Well, I mean, coming back to that idea that not

0:33:39.320 --> 0:33:42.840
<v Speaker 2>everyone does have that kind of why in built into

0:33:42.840 --> 0:33:45.960
<v Speaker 2>their story. That does you know, create behavior change in

0:33:46.000 --> 0:33:48.440
<v Speaker 2>a society where it's very difficult, Like if you live

0:33:48.440 --> 0:33:50.120
<v Speaker 2>in one of the blue zones, it's not hard to

0:33:50.480 --> 0:33:52.560
<v Speaker 2>eat that way because everyone's eating that way, and that's

0:33:52.560 --> 0:33:56.400
<v Speaker 2>what's available to you. If you had the ear of

0:33:56.400 --> 0:33:59.320
<v Speaker 2>someone for sort of three key things that you could

0:33:59.360 --> 0:34:01.440
<v Speaker 2>tell them about the way they're eating, that might shock

0:34:01.520 --> 0:34:04.160
<v Speaker 2>some change into people's you know, coming back to that

0:34:04.520 --> 0:34:06.360
<v Speaker 2>episode the food swap that could cut your risk of

0:34:06.400 --> 0:34:10.520
<v Speaker 2>early death by seventeen percent? Firstly, what is that? And secondly,

0:34:11.520 --> 0:34:15.480
<v Speaker 2>you know what a couple of other big changes you

0:34:15.520 --> 0:34:18.719
<v Speaker 2>could begin with even that you know could have a

0:34:18.760 --> 0:34:20.400
<v Speaker 2>dramatic improvement on your health.

0:34:20.719 --> 0:34:23.960
<v Speaker 1>So in terms of disease and chronic disease, the first

0:34:23.960 --> 0:34:26.319
<v Speaker 1>thing I would make clear to people is it's not

0:34:26.400 --> 0:34:30.000
<v Speaker 1>like these diseases just occur overnight. They are bubbling away

0:34:30.160 --> 0:34:32.960
<v Speaker 1>under the surface for decades. You're in your twenties now,

0:34:33.400 --> 0:34:35.880
<v Speaker 1>if you're eating a diet that's very high and saturated

0:34:35.920 --> 0:34:39.160
<v Speaker 1>fat like I was, low in fiber, low and unsitrated fats,

0:34:39.719 --> 0:34:43.200
<v Speaker 1>you are more than likely laying down plak fatty pluk

0:34:43.680 --> 0:34:46.880
<v Speaker 1>in your arteries right, which is not just going to

0:34:46.880 --> 0:34:50.880
<v Speaker 1>affect your heart, that's affecting blood flow to all organs

0:34:50.880 --> 0:34:54.440
<v Speaker 1>in your body, including your brain. And so the earlier

0:34:54.560 --> 0:34:58.840
<v Speaker 1>you make changes, the healthier your arteries are going to be.

0:34:59.360 --> 0:35:01.640
<v Speaker 1>So that's how I would just keep it very very simple.

0:35:01.680 --> 0:35:04.400
<v Speaker 1>For someone it's not just someone who has genes like

0:35:04.480 --> 0:35:09.080
<v Speaker 1>me that has a predisposition to cardiovascular disease. Cardiovascular disease

0:35:09.239 --> 0:35:12.080
<v Speaker 1>is the number one cause of death in Australia for

0:35:12.239 --> 0:35:16.520
<v Speaker 1>men and women. So everyone is predisposed to it, and

0:35:16.880 --> 0:35:20.120
<v Speaker 1>everyone dies with atherosclerosis, which is the build up of

0:35:20.160 --> 0:35:22.359
<v Speaker 1>plaque in their arteri, but not everyone.

0:35:22.080 --> 0:35:22.880
<v Speaker 3>Dies because of it.

0:35:23.200 --> 0:35:25.359
<v Speaker 1>So let me say that again, everyone dies with it,

0:35:25.480 --> 0:35:28.480
<v Speaker 1>but not everyone dies because of it. There is a

0:35:28.680 --> 0:35:32.239
<v Speaker 1>natural progression of authorosclerosis as humans age, but you can

0:35:32.239 --> 0:35:36.000
<v Speaker 1>limit the rate of that progression and how much plark

0:35:36.120 --> 0:35:38.400
<v Speaker 1>is being laid down. You don't want to be walking

0:35:38.400 --> 0:35:40.680
<v Speaker 1>around and going to bed every night and having significant

0:35:40.680 --> 0:35:43.480
<v Speaker 1>amount of inflammation in the arteri wall and plaque building up.

0:35:43.719 --> 0:35:47.160
<v Speaker 1>That's predisposing you to having a heart attack or perhaps

0:35:47.200 --> 0:35:50.799
<v Speaker 1>even worse a stroke from a physical impairment point of view.

0:35:50.840 --> 0:35:53.080
<v Speaker 1>And so the biggest food swaps that someone can make,

0:35:53.160 --> 0:35:55.400
<v Speaker 1>let's say the Australian diet, like what are the biggest

0:35:55.480 --> 0:35:58.399
<v Speaker 1>leavers that people can focus on to look after their

0:35:58.680 --> 0:36:02.200
<v Speaker 1>vascular health, but also would say is eat more fiber.

0:36:02.800 --> 0:36:05.800
<v Speaker 1>And the average Australian is eating about twelve to fifteen

0:36:05.840 --> 0:36:08.440
<v Speaker 1>grams of fiber per day, but that really should be

0:36:08.440 --> 0:36:11.880
<v Speaker 1>at thirty grams or higher. Now, fiber is found in

0:36:12.520 --> 0:36:16.680
<v Speaker 1>all plant foods, and we are going into too much detail.

0:36:16.960 --> 0:36:20.680
<v Speaker 1>It affects many of those risk factors that I reeled

0:36:20.719 --> 0:36:24.480
<v Speaker 1>off before. But the really important thing to understand about

0:36:24.840 --> 0:36:29.560
<v Speaker 1>about fiber and prebiotics in particular, probiotics is just a

0:36:29.600 --> 0:36:33.319
<v Speaker 1>fancy way of saying compounds in your meals that you

0:36:33.360 --> 0:36:36.279
<v Speaker 1>eat that are not absorbed in the small intestine, they

0:36:36.280 --> 0:36:38.600
<v Speaker 1>pass through to the large intestine and they feed the

0:36:38.640 --> 0:36:42.040
<v Speaker 1>microbes the thirty eight trillion bactery in your gut. Those

0:36:42.080 --> 0:36:46.160
<v Speaker 1>prebiotics vary from plant food to plant food to plant food,

0:36:46.520 --> 0:36:49.160
<v Speaker 1>So the probiotics that are in broccoli are different to

0:36:49.200 --> 0:36:51.840
<v Speaker 1>those in artochokes, are different again to those in potato,

0:36:51.960 --> 0:36:54.839
<v Speaker 1>are different again to those that are in carrot. And

0:36:54.920 --> 0:36:58.840
<v Speaker 1>one of the best predictors of gut health, which directly

0:36:58.880 --> 0:37:02.040
<v Speaker 1>affects things like inforammation in cholesterol, is having a diversity

0:37:02.040 --> 0:37:06.000
<v Speaker 1>of plants in the diet. And there was a very

0:37:06.160 --> 0:37:10.200
<v Speaker 1>big study called the Gut Health Microbiome Project a few

0:37:10.239 --> 0:37:14.480
<v Speaker 1>years back that looked at the diversity of the microbiome

0:37:14.520 --> 0:37:18.040
<v Speaker 1>in ten thousand plus subjects who sent in poop samples

0:37:18.920 --> 0:37:22.399
<v Speaker 1>and also cataloged how they ate. It's a lot of poop, Yeah,

0:37:22.440 --> 0:37:25.600
<v Speaker 1>it's a lot of poop, and also cataloged how these

0:37:25.640 --> 0:37:29.000
<v Speaker 1>people were eating. The best predictor of a diverse microbiome

0:37:29.120 --> 0:37:32.520
<v Speaker 1>was not whether someone was vegan, pescatarian, whatever. The dietary

0:37:32.560 --> 0:37:35.880
<v Speaker 1>label didn't matter. The best predictor was whether someone ate

0:37:35.920 --> 0:37:40.400
<v Speaker 1>thirty unique plants a week or not. And so my

0:37:40.640 --> 0:37:44.920
<v Speaker 1>number one piece of advice for this young person is

0:37:45.440 --> 0:37:48.759
<v Speaker 1>increase your plant diversity. Forget about removing things right now,

0:37:48.880 --> 0:37:52.440
<v Speaker 1>because by the time you increase your plant diversity and

0:37:52.480 --> 0:37:54.960
<v Speaker 1>get up to thirty unique plants a week. And I

0:37:55.040 --> 0:37:57.719
<v Speaker 1>encourage people to grab their journal or no pad and

0:37:57.760 --> 0:38:01.400
<v Speaker 1>just see where you land next week, probably landing about

0:38:01.400 --> 0:38:04.680
<v Speaker 1>ten to twelve, I bet most people. And that's because

0:38:04.719 --> 0:38:07.040
<v Speaker 1>we tend to eat the same plants every day.

0:38:07.200 --> 0:38:09.920
<v Speaker 2>I absolutely do that, right.

0:38:10.120 --> 0:38:12.680
<v Speaker 1>So you find and this is an order I have

0:38:12.719 --> 0:38:14.160
<v Speaker 1>to do myself. I have to keep coming back to

0:38:14.200 --> 0:38:16.600
<v Speaker 1>it because I go back to eating the same plant foods.

0:38:16.640 --> 0:38:19.480
<v Speaker 1>But remember these plant foods. Although we like to simplify

0:38:19.600 --> 0:38:22.239
<v Speaker 1>fiber as one thing, it's not like. There are many

0:38:22.239 --> 0:38:27.040
<v Speaker 1>different types of prebiotics and they're feeding different type species

0:38:27.080 --> 0:38:30.200
<v Speaker 1>of bacteria, all of which have different and very important

0:38:30.280 --> 0:38:33.359
<v Speaker 1>roles in our gut. So you can do an order,

0:38:33.400 --> 0:38:35.759
<v Speaker 1>see how many unique plants you have, and then try

0:38:35.800 --> 0:38:38.040
<v Speaker 1>and increase over time. You can do this over weeks

0:38:38.040 --> 0:38:40.840
<v Speaker 1>and months, try and get up to eating thirty unique

0:38:40.880 --> 0:38:45.440
<v Speaker 1>plants a week, and that's going to do wonders for

0:38:45.520 --> 0:38:49.960
<v Speaker 1>your microbiome. Fire has other effects beyond the microbiome that

0:38:49.960 --> 0:38:52.239
<v Speaker 1>are going to be beneficial, and at the same time,

0:38:52.280 --> 0:38:55.080
<v Speaker 1>I bet by adding all of those in, you end

0:38:55.200 --> 0:38:57.719
<v Speaker 1>up eating a little bit less animal foods, and so

0:38:57.880 --> 0:39:01.799
<v Speaker 1>saturated fat comes down, and the type of plant foods

0:39:01.840 --> 0:39:08.960
<v Speaker 1>I'm talking about are whole or minimally processed, so fruits, vegetables, nuts, seeds, legumes,

0:39:09.000 --> 0:39:12.400
<v Speaker 1>whole grains, and by version of that, you eat a little.

0:39:12.239 --> 0:39:13.759
<v Speaker 3>Less ultra processed foods.

0:39:14.120 --> 0:39:16.760
<v Speaker 1>So just focusing on that one thing can really straighten

0:39:16.840 --> 0:39:20.600
<v Speaker 1>up the diet and optimize a number of these really

0:39:20.600 --> 0:39:23.480
<v Speaker 1>important risk factors without having to think about too much.

0:39:23.600 --> 0:39:25.280
<v Speaker 2>I love that it kind of has flow and effects

0:39:25.320 --> 0:39:27.640
<v Speaker 2>without you actually having to focus on three different goals.

0:39:27.640 --> 0:39:31.160
<v Speaker 2>It's like, do this and by nature of try to

0:39:31.200 --> 0:39:33.520
<v Speaker 2>introduce that many things, you'll kind of you end up

0:39:33.520 --> 0:39:36.480
<v Speaker 2>with all these other benefits. What about some and this

0:39:36.560 --> 0:39:40.440
<v Speaker 2>must be particularly as someone with as much sort of

0:39:40.640 --> 0:39:44.799
<v Speaker 2>depth of research, with deep qualifications, but also really a

0:39:44.880 --> 0:39:49.640
<v Speaker 2>long long history of working with experts and engaging deeply

0:39:49.680 --> 0:39:52.560
<v Speaker 2>with the science. What are some of the biggest and

0:39:52.680 --> 0:39:56.520
<v Speaker 2>most frustrating misconceptions that you see in the landscape at

0:39:56.520 --> 0:39:56.920
<v Speaker 2>the moment.

0:39:57.400 --> 0:40:00.319
<v Speaker 1>I think you mentioned at the outset that there there's

0:40:00.360 --> 0:40:04.880
<v Speaker 1>a lot of conflicting information on social media, and you

0:40:04.960 --> 0:40:07.279
<v Speaker 1>also use the word context, and those are two really

0:40:07.280 --> 0:40:13.000
<v Speaker 1>important words. So what frustrates me is that I believe

0:40:13.160 --> 0:40:17.400
<v Speaker 1>many people, thanks to social media and the type of

0:40:17.719 --> 0:40:21.359
<v Speaker 1>information that is on social media about nutrition, I kind

0:40:21.360 --> 0:40:23.759
<v Speaker 1>of left in this position where they think that there's

0:40:23.800 --> 0:40:26.839
<v Speaker 1>a lot of conflicting information in nutrition science and it's

0:40:26.880 --> 0:40:29.360
<v Speaker 1>sort of all over the place, and scientists just haven't

0:40:29.400 --> 0:40:32.480
<v Speaker 1>worked this out, and so I end up just kind

0:40:32.480 --> 0:40:34.560
<v Speaker 1>of throwing their hands up in the air and thinking,

0:40:34.840 --> 0:40:36.799
<v Speaker 1>I'm just going to keep doing what I'm doing because

0:40:36.840 --> 0:40:43.279
<v Speaker 1>everyone's arguing, right, and I actually understand and empathize with them,

0:40:43.320 --> 0:40:45.960
<v Speaker 1>and I don't blame you, like if you're in that position,

0:40:46.040 --> 0:40:48.680
<v Speaker 1>I get it. That's why I went back and did

0:40:48.680 --> 0:40:51.759
<v Speaker 1>my masters, because I was in that position. Even with

0:40:51.840 --> 0:40:55.760
<v Speaker 1>an undergraduate degree that involves science learning how to read

0:40:56.120 --> 0:40:59.480
<v Speaker 1>peer reviewed literature, I didn't have the specific skills to

0:40:59.520 --> 0:41:03.479
<v Speaker 1>make sense of nutrition science. And so the one thing

0:41:03.600 --> 0:41:07.680
<v Speaker 1>that I would say to that person is that while

0:41:07.680 --> 0:41:10.799
<v Speaker 1>it seems like all the information is conflicting, it only

0:41:10.880 --> 0:41:13.719
<v Speaker 1>seems that way because the context is missing, and so

0:41:14.040 --> 0:41:16.640
<v Speaker 1>it's very easy for me to go and find a

0:41:16.680 --> 0:41:19.160
<v Speaker 1>study and say study show And that's why you see

0:41:19.160 --> 0:41:21.839
<v Speaker 1>everyone saying study show, study show, study show, study show

0:41:21.840 --> 0:41:24.080
<v Speaker 1>about all these these things that people are saying are

0:41:24.120 --> 0:41:27.960
<v Speaker 1>completely contradictory. How can studies show things that are the

0:41:28.040 --> 0:41:31.880
<v Speaker 1>exact opposite, right? And the reason is because the context

0:41:31.920 --> 0:41:33.880
<v Speaker 1>is missing. Who are we talking about? Are we talking

0:41:34.280 --> 0:41:37.359
<v Speaker 1>about a twenty five year old athlete? Are we talking

0:41:37.400 --> 0:41:41.439
<v Speaker 1>about a postmenopausal woman? What food are we talking about?

0:41:41.440 --> 0:41:44.279
<v Speaker 1>Are we talking about red meat? What type of red

0:41:44.320 --> 0:41:48.160
<v Speaker 1>meat are we talking about? What dose are you talking about?

0:41:48.440 --> 0:41:50.360
<v Speaker 1>Because like red meat, what does that actually mean? Are

0:41:50.400 --> 0:41:52.279
<v Speaker 1>you talking about someone that's eating thirty grams a day

0:41:52.360 --> 0:41:54.239
<v Speaker 1>or we're talking about someone that's eating eighty grams a

0:41:54.280 --> 0:41:56.680
<v Speaker 1>day or one hundred and fifty grams a day. And

0:41:56.840 --> 0:42:01.000
<v Speaker 1>also nutrition is a little different other areas of science,

0:42:01.040 --> 0:42:06.240
<v Speaker 1>particularly from a place Ebo perspective. When you are trying

0:42:06.280 --> 0:42:08.920
<v Speaker 1>to determine the effect of a food, let's say red meat,

0:42:09.239 --> 0:42:11.680
<v Speaker 1>you have to compare it to something so compared to

0:42:11.920 --> 0:42:15.560
<v Speaker 1>what are you comparing red meat to ultra processed foods?

0:42:15.920 --> 0:42:18.200
<v Speaker 1>Are you comparing red meat to whole grains. Are you

0:42:18.200 --> 0:42:21.600
<v Speaker 1>comparing red meat to legumes? And now all of a sudden,

0:42:21.719 --> 0:42:25.040
<v Speaker 1>and there's way more than that. I hope the listener understands, like,

0:42:25.120 --> 0:42:30.759
<v Speaker 1>there's really important context. And when you understand that context,

0:42:31.280 --> 0:42:35.200
<v Speaker 1>these studies that seem contradictory, they're not actually contradictory. It's

0:42:35.239 --> 0:42:38.600
<v Speaker 1>actually quite easily explained. So I think that's the most

0:42:38.600 --> 0:42:41.880
<v Speaker 1>frustrating thing that I would say is just that social media.

0:42:41.960 --> 0:42:45.480
<v Speaker 1>You alluded to it earlier. It's all about the clickbait.

0:42:45.840 --> 0:42:48.120
<v Speaker 1>How much emotion can you kind of generate in a

0:42:48.160 --> 0:42:52.320
<v Speaker 1>twenty or thirty second clip, And often that doesn't lend

0:42:52.600 --> 0:42:57.759
<v Speaker 1>itself well to a more nuanced position that contains the context,

0:42:58.239 --> 0:43:02.960
<v Speaker 1>and it leads to the absolute or sensational kind of

0:43:03.200 --> 0:43:07.080
<v Speaker 1>position is what gets shared and amplified. And this is

0:43:07.160 --> 0:43:10.279
<v Speaker 1>like an extension of what frustrates me is that I

0:43:10.320 --> 0:43:13.760
<v Speaker 1>think as a society we're losing track of what science

0:43:14.040 --> 0:43:19.239
<v Speaker 1>is and what it means to communicate science objectively and effectively.

0:43:19.520 --> 0:43:22.040
<v Speaker 1>And so when I'm looking for someone who is a

0:43:22.080 --> 0:43:24.960
<v Speaker 1>science communicator that I'm going to trust, it's not the

0:43:25.000 --> 0:43:29.439
<v Speaker 1>person who is using absolute language. I want to hear

0:43:29.480 --> 0:43:32.440
<v Speaker 1>the person who understands their limits, what we do know,

0:43:32.520 --> 0:43:35.160
<v Speaker 1>what we don't know. I want to hear a little

0:43:35.200 --> 0:43:37.480
<v Speaker 1>bit of hesitation. I want to hear them say I

0:43:37.560 --> 0:43:41.200
<v Speaker 1>don't know. Words I think need to be repopularized, right

0:43:41.280 --> 0:43:46.319
<v Speaker 1>because science fundamentally requires a ton of humility, and so

0:43:46.360 --> 0:43:49.480
<v Speaker 1>it's frustrating for me to see sort of deep convictions,

0:43:49.520 --> 0:43:53.680
<v Speaker 1>often from people who are not directly in the science field,

0:43:54.520 --> 0:44:01.399
<v Speaker 1>and I think the public conflates that conviction with credibility,

0:44:01.760 --> 0:44:04.839
<v Speaker 1>whereas for me, credibility is.

0:44:04.840 --> 0:44:06.799
<v Speaker 3>As I mentioned, is a little bit you know.

0:44:06.880 --> 0:44:10.280
<v Speaker 1>I'm looking for that person who says words like perhaps

0:44:10.360 --> 0:44:13.440
<v Speaker 1>or maybe or but we need to consider this context

0:44:13.440 --> 0:44:16.800
<v Speaker 1>and adding caveats, And that's not as sexy and probably

0:44:16.840 --> 0:44:19.919
<v Speaker 1>isn't going to go as viral in the podcast world

0:44:20.000 --> 0:44:25.200
<v Speaker 1>or in the reels, but it's actually it's just more responsible.

0:44:26.440 --> 0:44:27.480
<v Speaker 3>That's how science should be.

0:44:27.760 --> 0:44:31.120
<v Speaker 2>And that leads really nicely into my next question, which

0:44:31.160 --> 0:44:35.479
<v Speaker 2>is also kind of more relevant in the social media age,

0:44:35.520 --> 0:44:39.840
<v Speaker 2>where people want absolutes and they want clickbaiting sentences without

0:44:39.880 --> 0:44:43.880
<v Speaker 2>context that are sexy, and part of that is an

0:44:43.880 --> 0:44:46.719
<v Speaker 2>immense pressure, I think to never change your mind like

0:44:46.760 --> 0:44:48.520
<v Speaker 2>you've been on social media as long as I've been

0:44:48.520 --> 0:44:51.920
<v Speaker 2>on social media, and not only have we changed and

0:44:51.960 --> 0:44:54.720
<v Speaker 2>the world's changed, the nature of science is that it changes.

0:44:54.920 --> 0:44:58.440
<v Speaker 2>Like yes, it operates in absolutes in the moment, but

0:44:59.360 --> 0:45:01.800
<v Speaker 2>I mean our unders standing of life over the course

0:45:01.800 --> 0:45:05.960
<v Speaker 2>of all of science has gone from whole opposite conclusions

0:45:06.000 --> 0:45:10.400
<v Speaker 2>because our technology advances, because the way we understand. You know,

0:45:10.400 --> 0:45:13.080
<v Speaker 2>there's so many reasons why things change. Have you felt

0:45:13.120 --> 0:45:16.440
<v Speaker 2>pressure in a world where you have a million followers?

0:45:16.440 --> 0:45:19.520
<v Speaker 2>That is an enormous amount of people who are listening

0:45:19.640 --> 0:45:22.799
<v Speaker 2>very closely to everything you do. Have you ever felt

0:45:22.800 --> 0:45:26.400
<v Speaker 2>pressure to not change your mind on something to be

0:45:26.560 --> 0:45:30.120
<v Speaker 2>the same person over the history of your lifetime on

0:45:30.480 --> 0:45:33.719
<v Speaker 2>social media? And has there been anything that you've changed

0:45:33.760 --> 0:45:36.040
<v Speaker 2>your mind on or that science has changed its mind

0:45:36.080 --> 0:45:38.480
<v Speaker 2>on that you've had to kind of learn to deliver

0:45:38.560 --> 0:45:40.560
<v Speaker 2>that too to your audience.

0:45:40.719 --> 0:45:44.320
<v Speaker 3>I've definitely changed my mind on quite a few things.

0:45:44.719 --> 0:45:47.800
<v Speaker 3>We can get into that. But I agree with you again,

0:45:47.880 --> 0:45:52.839
<v Speaker 3>I think that changing your mind for some people that

0:45:52.920 --> 0:45:56.360
<v Speaker 3>might be seen as this person is foot flopping or

0:45:56.480 --> 0:45:59.239
<v Speaker 3>doesn't know their stuff right, and it could be seen

0:45:59.280 --> 0:46:02.720
<v Speaker 3>as as like a weakness rather than being a strength

0:46:03.120 --> 0:46:06.360
<v Speaker 3>for someone. But I think it's it is a strength.

0:46:06.360 --> 0:46:08.120
<v Speaker 1>Now, you don't want to see someone flip flopping day

0:46:08.160 --> 0:46:12.120
<v Speaker 1>to day because the science in the sensus is not

0:46:12.320 --> 0:46:15.799
<v Speaker 1>changing day to day and our consensus and sort of

0:46:15.880 --> 0:46:20.839
<v Speaker 1>understanding of science. But in this case nutrition science, there

0:46:20.920 --> 0:46:24.360
<v Speaker 1>is course corrections, but it's shaped over years and decades.

0:46:24.520 --> 0:46:26.440
<v Speaker 1>So it is very rare that all of a sudden

0:46:26.440 --> 0:46:28.319
<v Speaker 1>you wake up and everything's slipped on its head, and

0:46:28.680 --> 0:46:30.960
<v Speaker 1>you know, we learn tomorrow that the best diet is

0:46:31.000 --> 0:46:31.800
<v Speaker 1>just eating salami.

0:46:33.520 --> 0:46:36.040
<v Speaker 3>That's a little bit of a red flag. Now.

0:46:36.960 --> 0:46:39.799
<v Speaker 1>Sure, there are things like over the last ten years

0:46:39.800 --> 0:46:42.920
<v Speaker 1>where I've changed my mind, and some of it's been

0:46:42.960 --> 0:46:44.960
<v Speaker 1>a slow progression where a study comes out.

0:46:45.000 --> 0:46:47.800
<v Speaker 3>And you're like, huh, that's actually interesting, it's.

0:46:47.680 --> 0:46:49.440
<v Speaker 1>Making me think about this in another way, And then

0:46:49.480 --> 0:46:52.520
<v Speaker 1>another study comes in, another study, and I'd say dairy

0:46:53.080 --> 0:46:55.319
<v Speaker 1>is one of those, because over the last five years

0:46:55.320 --> 0:47:00.960
<v Speaker 1>there's been quite a few publications suggesting that at least

0:47:01.000 --> 0:47:03.240
<v Speaker 1>when you remove butter from that, because you've got to remember,

0:47:03.320 --> 0:47:05.920
<v Speaker 1>dairy is such a diverse range of foods, Like what

0:47:05.960 --> 0:47:08.680
<v Speaker 1>does that actually mean? Because it's everything from butter to

0:47:08.719 --> 0:47:13.880
<v Speaker 1>ice ice cream with lots of refined sugars to Greek yogurt,

0:47:14.440 --> 0:47:17.920
<v Speaker 1>to fermented types of dairy which have probiotics, live cultures,

0:47:17.920 --> 0:47:21.759
<v Speaker 1>you know, very different. Again, and when researchers have got

0:47:21.800 --> 0:47:24.320
<v Speaker 1>a little bit more granular and instead of just analyzing

0:47:24.400 --> 0:47:28.000
<v Speaker 1>dairy as a kind of big umbrella group, you see

0:47:28.000 --> 0:47:31.719
<v Speaker 1>that certainly well, butter, at least compared to oils like

0:47:31.760 --> 0:47:35.080
<v Speaker 1>olive oil, increases risk CUTI of ascular disease. So I

0:47:35.080 --> 0:47:37.240
<v Speaker 1>think that's another swap that people could make as simple

0:47:37.239 --> 0:47:39.040
<v Speaker 1>one is eat a little less butter a little more

0:47:39.080 --> 0:47:42.880
<v Speaker 1>Olive oil particularly have high cholesterol. What we've been able

0:47:42.960 --> 0:47:49.759
<v Speaker 1>to see is that yogurt and cheese, particularly fermented cheese,

0:47:50.920 --> 0:47:55.640
<v Speaker 1>actually associates with improvements in cardiovascular health. So a little

0:47:55.640 --> 0:47:57.520
<v Speaker 1>bit of nuance that I guess I've added over the

0:47:57.600 --> 0:48:02.279
<v Speaker 1>years is that not all dairy is the same, and

0:48:02.840 --> 0:48:05.880
<v Speaker 1>even the saturated fats that exist in dairy do not

0:48:06.080 --> 0:48:09.759
<v Speaker 1>behave the same as saturated fats in red meat. And

0:48:09.840 --> 0:48:12.239
<v Speaker 1>so I just sort of simplified it earlier saying we

0:48:12.239 --> 0:48:15.560
<v Speaker 1>want to eat less saturated fat, and if we wanted

0:48:15.560 --> 0:48:17.359
<v Speaker 1>to double click on that, I'm conscious of time, but

0:48:17.560 --> 0:48:21.080
<v Speaker 1>saturated fat is actually not one thing, just like fiber.

0:48:21.120 --> 0:48:24.680
<v Speaker 1>It's saturated fats. There are different types and they have

0:48:24.719 --> 0:48:27.560
<v Speaker 1>different effects on physiology, and the real saturated fats that

0:48:27.600 --> 0:48:30.880
<v Speaker 1>you want to reduce are the ones in red meat

0:48:31.719 --> 0:48:34.000
<v Speaker 1>or in butter. And you might be thinking, well, how

0:48:34.000 --> 0:48:36.120
<v Speaker 1>can the saturated fats in butter be different to yoga

0:48:36.160 --> 0:48:41.800
<v Speaker 1>and cheese. It's very simple. When you refine the dairy down,

0:48:42.560 --> 0:48:45.319
<v Speaker 1>you bust open what's called a milk fat globule, and

0:48:45.360 --> 0:48:48.520
<v Speaker 1>that milk fat globule sort of liberates the saturated fats

0:48:49.120 --> 0:48:53.080
<v Speaker 1>in dairy, and so they have this much more amplified

0:48:53.160 --> 0:48:57.640
<v Speaker 1>effect on cholesterol, whereas in yogurt and in cheese, where

0:48:57.840 --> 0:49:01.920
<v Speaker 1>they're not as refined, the milk fat globule remains intact

0:49:02.400 --> 0:49:07.320
<v Speaker 1>and it limits the effect that saturated fat has on cholesterol.

0:49:07.440 --> 0:49:10.719
<v Speaker 1>So while you know, ten years ago, a lot of

0:49:10.760 --> 0:49:13.799
<v Speaker 1>people just looking at the nutritional profile of yogurt and

0:49:14.000 --> 0:49:17.480
<v Speaker 1>cheese would have a hypothesis that this is going to

0:49:17.520 --> 0:49:20.480
<v Speaker 1>really jack up cholesterol, doesn't actually seem to play out

0:49:20.520 --> 0:49:23.200
<v Speaker 1>like that, And in large population studies, those two types

0:49:23.239 --> 0:49:26.640
<v Speaker 1>of dairy seem to be either neutral or positive for

0:49:26.760 --> 0:49:31.719
<v Speaker 1>cardiovascular health. That's something where I've changed my view over

0:49:31.719 --> 0:49:33.520
<v Speaker 1>the years. And that's not saying that you have to

0:49:34.040 --> 0:49:38.040
<v Speaker 1>consume dairy. Someone might be like to its intolerant or

0:49:38.040 --> 0:49:41.760
<v Speaker 1>just choose not to consume dairy for ethical or environmental reasons,

0:49:41.760 --> 0:49:44.759
<v Speaker 1>which are are valid. But you then would want to

0:49:45.160 --> 0:49:47.920
<v Speaker 1>really focus on what are you consuming instead, And so

0:49:48.120 --> 0:49:51.120
<v Speaker 1>dairy it's a great source of protein, it's a really

0:49:51.160 --> 0:49:56.120
<v Speaker 1>good source of calcium, and probably the effects on cardiovascular

0:49:56.120 --> 0:49:59.040
<v Speaker 1>health are because of calcium. So if you're someone who

0:49:59.120 --> 0:50:03.120
<v Speaker 1>is a avoiding yogurt, is avoiding cheese, you want to

0:50:03.120 --> 0:50:07.120
<v Speaker 1>make sure that the replacement foods you're consuming have a

0:50:07.120 --> 0:50:10.320
<v Speaker 1>similar amount of calcium, or else you're getting enough calcium

0:50:10.400 --> 0:50:12.640
<v Speaker 1>somewhere else in the diet. You wouldn't want to be

0:50:13.320 --> 0:50:17.360
<v Speaker 1>not consuming dairy and then under consuming your daily amount

0:50:17.360 --> 0:50:18.640
<v Speaker 1>of calcium, if that makes sense.

0:50:19.239 --> 0:50:22.200
<v Speaker 3>So the replacement, the replacement matters somewhere else.

0:50:22.239 --> 0:50:26.480
<v Speaker 1>I've changed my mind a little bit is ultra processed

0:50:26.480 --> 0:50:32.120
<v Speaker 1>foods and the way in which they are affecting disease.

0:50:32.760 --> 0:50:35.200
<v Speaker 1>So there's been a lot of research over the last

0:50:35.880 --> 0:50:39.400
<v Speaker 1>kind of decade, but particularly in the last five years,

0:50:39.400 --> 0:50:41.319
<v Speaker 1>and I've had some of these scientists on my show

0:50:41.800 --> 0:50:44.239
<v Speaker 1>trying to really unravel like what is it about ultra

0:50:44.320 --> 0:50:50.799
<v Speaker 1>processed foods that is driving obesity? Because we know that

0:50:50.840 --> 0:50:53.239
<v Speaker 1>people who eat more ultra processed foods tend to be

0:50:53.440 --> 0:50:56.120
<v Speaker 1>overweight or obese, or have a higher risk of being

0:50:56.120 --> 0:50:59.880
<v Speaker 1>overweight or obese. And there's been all these different kind

0:50:59.920 --> 0:51:04.719
<v Speaker 1>of hypotheses out there looking at this, and you know,

0:51:04.760 --> 0:51:08.000
<v Speaker 1>people have speculated maybe it's like the amount of sugar

0:51:08.719 --> 0:51:14.200
<v Speaker 1>or fat or sodium in these foods. And there was

0:51:14.239 --> 0:51:17.439
<v Speaker 1>some really interesting work done by Kevin Hole about five

0:51:17.520 --> 0:51:21.920
<v Speaker 1>years ago now where he compared in metabolic ward bringing

0:51:21.920 --> 0:51:25.120
<v Speaker 1>people into a you know, essentially like a prison but

0:51:25.280 --> 0:51:28.080
<v Speaker 1>a hospital setting, whether you feed people food and you

0:51:28.200 --> 0:51:30.640
<v Speaker 1>know everything they eat and you can do all the

0:51:30.680 --> 0:51:34.280
<v Speaker 1>measurements there, whereas you know, when you conduct these studies

0:51:34.320 --> 0:51:36.279
<v Speaker 1>at home and they're free living, it's a little bit

0:51:36.320 --> 0:51:39.360
<v Speaker 1>hard relying on people doing exactly what you say.

0:51:39.320 --> 0:51:40.520
<v Speaker 2>And reporting it correctly.

0:51:41.400 --> 0:51:43.920
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, this is like a very controlled study. You know

0:51:44.000 --> 0:51:46.879
<v Speaker 1>exactly what people are eating. And he had he had

0:51:46.920 --> 0:51:50.440
<v Speaker 1>two diets, this ultra processed diet and this unprocessed diet,

0:51:51.120 --> 0:51:53.960
<v Speaker 1>but they were matched for all of those things that

0:51:54.000 --> 0:51:58.520
<v Speaker 1>I just mentioned, like protein and fiber and salt and sugar, okay,

0:51:58.960 --> 0:52:02.720
<v Speaker 1>so only difference that some of these foods were ultra

0:52:02.760 --> 0:52:06.959
<v Speaker 1>processed and the others were unprocessed. And for about two

0:52:07.000 --> 0:52:11.799
<v Speaker 1>weeks they had every participant eat the unprocessed foods and

0:52:11.840 --> 0:52:13.960
<v Speaker 1>then have a little bit of a break and then

0:52:14.000 --> 0:52:17.279
<v Speaker 1>eat the ultra processed foods or in the opposite order,

0:52:17.640 --> 0:52:20.319
<v Speaker 1>so every participant got to do both diets, and the

0:52:20.360 --> 0:52:23.080
<v Speaker 1>instructions were just to eat until you're full. And what

0:52:23.120 --> 0:52:27.239
<v Speaker 1>they found was despite matching all of those macronutrients and

0:52:27.360 --> 0:52:31.120
<v Speaker 1>sodium and fiber, people ate about five hundred calories.

0:52:30.800 --> 0:52:32.680
<v Speaker 3>More per day on the ultra processed diet.

0:52:33.120 --> 0:52:37.239
<v Speaker 1>So then that kind of leaves you wondering, well, what's

0:52:37.360 --> 0:52:42.960
<v Speaker 1>driving this, and so the hypothesis from that was that

0:52:43.000 --> 0:52:48.080
<v Speaker 1>it's probably calorie density, so the amount of calories per bite,

0:52:48.480 --> 0:52:51.280
<v Speaker 1>which affects your eating rate, how fast you can eat something.

0:52:51.640 --> 0:52:54.920
<v Speaker 1>And this was like building on other research done by

0:52:54.960 --> 0:52:57.600
<v Speaker 1>Barbara Rolls, who has been in this space for ten

0:52:57.719 --> 0:53:00.640
<v Speaker 1>or twenty years, so I need to make because of

0:53:00.640 --> 0:53:02.640
<v Speaker 1>her work kind of really paved the way for this,

0:53:03.160 --> 0:53:07.480
<v Speaker 1>but there's been subsequence studies now that have again kind

0:53:07.480 --> 0:53:12.440
<v Speaker 1>of really confirmed that probably ultra processed foods are driving

0:53:12.520 --> 0:53:18.640
<v Speaker 1>excessive calorie consumption. Certainly by hyperpalatability, we know that they

0:53:18.719 --> 0:53:21.680
<v Speaker 1>kind of hijack the reward centers of the brain because

0:53:21.680 --> 0:53:28.200
<v Speaker 1>they're just overly delicious, but also by calorie density and

0:53:28.239 --> 0:53:32.320
<v Speaker 1>eating rate. And there's this interesting sort of thing where

0:53:32.320 --> 0:53:35.480
<v Speaker 1>we all tend to eat the same amount of food

0:53:35.520 --> 0:53:39.800
<v Speaker 1>by volume per day, right, but a kilogram of food

0:53:40.600 --> 0:53:44.680
<v Speaker 1>can be vastly different amount of calories depending on how

0:53:45.400 --> 0:53:48.640
<v Speaker 1>energy dense that food is.

0:53:48.880 --> 0:53:53.480
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, okay, so the volume is what's consistent, but the

0:53:53.520 --> 0:53:55.320
<v Speaker 2>calorie density is what varies.

0:53:56.080 --> 0:54:00.440
<v Speaker 1>Yes, And this has been borne out in many studies now,

0:54:00.960 --> 0:54:05.080
<v Speaker 1>so we can use this again. It doesn't really change

0:54:05.120 --> 0:54:08.080
<v Speaker 1>any of the advice set that we're giving here, because

0:54:08.280 --> 0:54:11.200
<v Speaker 1>it's why those dietary patterns. One of the reasons why

0:54:11.760 --> 0:54:15.399
<v Speaker 1>that I reeled off before Mediterranean dash, pescatarian, whole food,

0:54:15.400 --> 0:54:17.480
<v Speaker 1>plant based. It's one of the reasons why time and

0:54:17.520 --> 0:54:20.080
<v Speaker 1>time again you see people eating that way are healthy,

0:54:20.120 --> 0:54:23.759
<v Speaker 1>body healthier body weight, because when you eat more of

0:54:23.800 --> 0:54:30.160
<v Speaker 1>those high fiber, high water plant foods, those are low

0:54:30.239 --> 0:54:34.200
<v Speaker 1>calorie density foods, it lowers the total calorie density of

0:54:34.239 --> 0:54:37.520
<v Speaker 1>your overall dietary pattern. So when you eat a kilogram

0:54:37.520 --> 0:54:40.719
<v Speaker 1>of food, it contains less calories than if you're eating

0:54:40.760 --> 0:54:43.400
<v Speaker 1>a kilogram of food that was animal foods and ultra processed.

0:54:44.640 --> 0:54:48.480
<v Speaker 2>Right. So it's also like a satiation kind of measurement,

0:54:49.840 --> 0:54:52.280
<v Speaker 2>like what satisfies your hunger? Hunger?

0:54:52.800 --> 0:54:55.400
<v Speaker 3>Right, it's absolutely satiety related.

0:54:55.600 --> 0:54:58.680
<v Speaker 2>Oh, that's the one satiation. Society is a better word.

0:54:58.760 --> 0:55:02.000
<v Speaker 1>Yes, you're right, though, you're absolutely right. So there are

0:55:02.040 --> 0:55:05.080
<v Speaker 1>stretch receptors in your gut. So when you eat food

0:55:05.200 --> 0:55:08.359
<v Speaker 1>that is less calorie dense, if I give you five

0:55:08.480 --> 0:55:11.680
<v Speaker 1>hundred calories of food that's less calorie dense than say

0:55:11.680 --> 0:55:14.799
<v Speaker 1>five hundred calories superclori dense, that's going to be a

0:55:14.880 --> 0:55:18.000
<v Speaker 1>larger volume of food. It's going to stretch your stomach more,

0:55:18.280 --> 0:55:21.520
<v Speaker 1>and it activates these stretch receptors which send a signal

0:55:21.560 --> 0:55:24.680
<v Speaker 1>to your brain saying, hey, we're pretty good down here.

0:55:25.200 --> 0:55:27.480
<v Speaker 1>You don't need to bring in any more calories.

0:55:28.080 --> 0:55:30.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, minor a bit diluted. They're a bit de lulu

0:55:30.880 --> 0:55:31.520
<v Speaker 2>mine down there.

0:55:33.280 --> 0:55:35.160
<v Speaker 1>And can I just add one little thing here because

0:55:35.160 --> 0:55:37.560
<v Speaker 1>I think it's a neat tip, and it's from Barbaraoll's work.

0:55:38.160 --> 0:55:41.280
<v Speaker 1>She was really interested in this idea of energy density,

0:55:41.560 --> 0:55:45.840
<v Speaker 1>and she was the researcher responsible for what's called the

0:55:45.880 --> 0:55:50.560
<v Speaker 1>preload strategy. So if someone's wanting to lose weight to

0:55:50.960 --> 0:55:53.240
<v Speaker 1>lower their risk of chronic disease or for whatever reason,

0:55:53.280 --> 0:55:57.960
<v Speaker 1>it is a really helpful strategy is before you eat

0:55:58.000 --> 0:56:01.799
<v Speaker 1>your main meal, to eat a water based sort of

0:56:01.840 --> 0:56:07.480
<v Speaker 1>broth based soup or a large salad, providing that salad

0:56:07.520 --> 0:56:11.040
<v Speaker 1>doesn't have a whole lot of energy dense salad dressing

0:56:11.040 --> 0:56:14.640
<v Speaker 1>on it. And in her studies, when they preloaded people

0:56:14.920 --> 0:56:18.960
<v Speaker 1>with either the soup or the salad, they ended up

0:56:18.960 --> 0:56:22.240
<v Speaker 1>eating fifteen to twenty percent less calories over that entire

0:56:22.360 --> 0:56:27.520
<v Speaker 1>meal sitting, so including the preload. And it's likely because

0:56:27.560 --> 0:56:31.479
<v Speaker 1>it's activating those stretch receptors earlier in the meal.

0:56:32.560 --> 0:56:35.400
<v Speaker 2>Oh, that's such a good tip. I've actually heard that before.

0:56:35.400 --> 0:56:38.759
<v Speaker 2>And also it's partly related to the timing, is that right, Like,

0:56:38.800 --> 0:56:41.360
<v Speaker 2>it takes twenty minutes for the messages of those stretch

0:56:41.360 --> 0:56:43.160
<v Speaker 2>receptors to get back to your brain. So it's like

0:56:43.360 --> 0:56:45.800
<v Speaker 2>if you gobble like I do and eat so quickly,

0:56:46.560 --> 0:56:50.040
<v Speaker 2>that's why you overeat because you don't give yourself time

0:56:50.320 --> 0:56:54.160
<v Speaker 2>to realize the volume that's actually already in your stomach. Like,

0:56:54.200 --> 0:56:55.440
<v Speaker 2>give it a minute.

0:56:55.840 --> 0:56:58.839
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, that's one dredsent true. And I mean that's why

0:56:59.000 --> 0:57:02.560
<v Speaker 1>ultra process foods are you super energy dense? You know

0:57:02.560 --> 0:57:06.520
<v Speaker 1>we've all done it before. You can quickly take down

0:57:06.560 --> 0:57:09.000
<v Speaker 1>you know, five hundred and seven hundred calories without even

0:57:09.280 --> 0:57:11.480
<v Speaker 1>knowing it. And also why if you're sitting in front

0:57:11.520 --> 0:57:15.080
<v Speaker 1>of the TV, you know, before you know it, you've

0:57:15.080 --> 0:57:17.680
<v Speaker 1>scoffed down so much food. And there are a lot

0:57:17.680 --> 0:57:20.240
<v Speaker 1>of researchers looking at exactly that and looking at mindful

0:57:20.280 --> 0:57:24.760
<v Speaker 1>eating and slowing down and chewing slowly, and it is

0:57:25.000 --> 0:57:27.360
<v Speaker 1>likely to lead to better appetite regulation.

0:57:27.520 --> 0:57:30.480
<v Speaker 2>For sure, I knew I would get to this point

0:57:30.600 --> 0:57:33.120
<v Speaker 2>in the episode. I even began with knowing that my

0:57:33.160 --> 0:57:36.160
<v Speaker 2>biggest challenge today was distilling all of your wisdom and

0:57:36.200 --> 0:57:37.760
<v Speaker 2>everything I wanted to ask you. I feel like I've

0:57:37.760 --> 0:57:40.320
<v Speaker 2>covered like, not even one percent of all the things

0:57:40.360 --> 0:57:42.440
<v Speaker 2>in our brain. So it's lucky that our listeners can

0:57:42.480 --> 0:57:45.200
<v Speaker 2>go to your own podcast and get three hundred and

0:57:45.240 --> 0:57:48.760
<v Speaker 2>sixty more episodes of wisdom from you and your incredible guests.

0:57:49.120 --> 0:57:53.080
<v Speaker 2>But if you did have to distill say three swaps

0:57:53.160 --> 0:57:57.880
<v Speaker 2>or practical tips that people could start with, now, what

0:57:57.880 --> 0:58:00.240
<v Speaker 2>would you leave us with on top of what you've

0:58:00.240 --> 0:58:03.640
<v Speaker 2>already so generously given us, but in like a SoundBite.

0:58:03.920 --> 0:58:07.040
<v Speaker 1>Okay, before I give you the SoundBite, because I know

0:58:07.080 --> 0:58:10.440
<v Speaker 1>that sometimes these conversations can be a little anxiety provoking

0:58:10.480 --> 0:58:13.320
<v Speaker 1>for people focusing on food so much. I just want

0:58:13.360 --> 0:58:16.000
<v Speaker 1>to make it clear. This is about doing it in

0:58:16.080 --> 0:58:19.280
<v Speaker 1>perfectly over decades, so the things that I say, it's

0:58:19.320 --> 0:58:21.880
<v Speaker 1>not about getting it perfect every single day. And if

0:58:21.920 --> 0:58:25.320
<v Speaker 1>you do fall off the bandwagon on a day, no worries,

0:58:25.600 --> 0:58:28.120
<v Speaker 1>it doesn't matter. Just do your best in the next

0:58:28.120 --> 0:58:31.080
<v Speaker 1>food decision that you have the next day, and you're

0:58:31.120 --> 0:58:33.000
<v Speaker 1>going to be fine. So I would say Number one

0:58:33.600 --> 0:58:36.240
<v Speaker 1>is focus on the thirty unique plants? Can you get there?

0:58:36.600 --> 0:58:38.960
<v Speaker 1>How many unique plants? So are you currently eating? Do

0:58:39.000 --> 0:58:40.280
<v Speaker 1>a bit of an order and see if you can

0:58:40.320 --> 0:58:43.640
<v Speaker 1>work your way up towards thirty unique plants. And I

0:58:43.680 --> 0:58:46.920
<v Speaker 1>didn't mention this before, but herbs and spices count oh nice.

0:58:47.080 --> 0:58:49.160
<v Speaker 1>So it can seem a little daunting at the beginning,

0:58:49.200 --> 0:58:52.560
<v Speaker 1>but that makes it a little bit easier. Number two,

0:58:52.920 --> 0:58:56.360
<v Speaker 1>for a swap, as I mentioned, would be swapping out

0:58:56.640 --> 0:58:59.960
<v Speaker 1>cooking oils, cooking fats that are really rich and saturated fats,

0:59:00.080 --> 0:59:04.680
<v Speaker 1>particularly butter or ghee, even coconut oil and palm oil,

0:59:05.160 --> 0:59:09.560
<v Speaker 1>and instead cooking with olive oil or avocado oil or

0:59:09.560 --> 0:59:13.000
<v Speaker 1>god forbid, seed oles, which I know are much maligned.

0:59:13.000 --> 0:59:14.360
<v Speaker 1>And maybe that's another episode.

0:59:14.480 --> 0:59:17.720
<v Speaker 2>Yeah, you have an episode on that. Actually I've saved

0:59:17.720 --> 0:59:18.200
<v Speaker 2>it for later.

0:59:18.440 --> 0:59:20.240
<v Speaker 1>I have an episode on that, so people can go

0:59:20.480 --> 0:59:22.120
<v Speaker 1>and check that out. But if we want to just

0:59:22.680 --> 0:59:26.640
<v Speaker 1>avoid arguments, swap those saturated fat rich googn oils for

0:59:26.720 --> 0:59:29.760
<v Speaker 1>olive oil, which is almost universally accepted as a healthy

0:59:30.120 --> 0:59:33.800
<v Speaker 1>cooking oil, or avocado oil. So that would be the

0:59:34.280 --> 0:59:40.840
<v Speaker 1>first two and the third would just be about being

0:59:40.880 --> 0:59:45.080
<v Speaker 1>conscious of ultra processed foods. So there is room for

0:59:45.200 --> 0:59:48.800
<v Speaker 1>ultra processed foods in the diet. The main mechanism by

0:59:48.800 --> 0:59:51.600
<v Speaker 1>which ultra processed foods are causing disease, as I mentioned,

0:59:51.720 --> 0:59:57.920
<v Speaker 1>is through driving excess calorie consumption. So really, if someone's

0:59:58.000 --> 1:00:01.680
<v Speaker 1>overweight or obese, then these are things that you might

1:00:01.720 --> 1:00:04.360
<v Speaker 1>want to pay a little more attention to. But if

1:00:04.360 --> 1:00:09.080
<v Speaker 1>you're metabolically healthy, you don't have chronic disease, you're active,

1:00:09.480 --> 1:00:13.280
<v Speaker 1>and ninety five percent of the time you're eating whole

1:00:13.320 --> 1:00:14.680
<v Speaker 1>minimally processed foods.

1:00:15.200 --> 1:00:17.400
<v Speaker 3>You know, a little bit of these ultra processed foods,

1:00:17.400 --> 1:00:20.240
<v Speaker 3>having some ice cream here and there and whatnot, it's

1:00:20.280 --> 1:00:24.840
<v Speaker 3>not going to kill you. And so yeah, overall, sixty

1:00:24.840 --> 1:00:27.520
<v Speaker 3>percent of Austrain's calories coming from ultra processed foods, so

1:00:27.680 --> 1:00:31.720
<v Speaker 3>across the board we can benefit massively by reducing them.

1:00:32.080 --> 1:00:35.880
<v Speaker 3>But they're not toxic at any dose. So I just

1:00:35.880 --> 1:00:36.640
<v Speaker 3>want people to know.

1:00:36.600 --> 1:00:39.680
<v Speaker 2>That when you fall off, and I'm hoping that your

1:00:39.720 --> 1:00:43.320
<v Speaker 2>answer is that you do occasionally, what are your guilty

1:00:43.320 --> 1:00:50.200
<v Speaker 2>pleasures everything, Well, that's good to know. That's very humanizing.

1:00:52.640 --> 1:00:53.360
<v Speaker 3>And yeah, I do.

1:00:53.520 --> 1:00:56.360
<v Speaker 1>I certainly do fall off, and I've gone through periods,

1:00:56.400 --> 1:00:59.920
<v Speaker 1>to be completely honest with you, where I've probably do

1:01:00.040 --> 1:01:02.160
<v Speaker 1>well in a little bit of regret or shame or

1:01:02.200 --> 1:01:05.480
<v Speaker 1>guilt and being too focused on having the perfect diet.

1:01:06.400 --> 1:01:12.320
<v Speaker 1>And it's not worth the anxiety that comes along with that.

1:01:12.440 --> 1:01:15.400
<v Speaker 1>I think, I think chasing perfection is just impossible when

1:01:15.400 --> 1:01:17.480
<v Speaker 1>it comes to our diet, and so it sort of

1:01:17.520 --> 1:01:19.800
<v Speaker 1>sets us up for failure. And the problem with that

1:01:19.920 --> 1:01:22.640
<v Speaker 1>is when perfection is a goal and you don't meet it,

1:01:22.920 --> 1:01:26.120
<v Speaker 1>that's when people just stop altogether and give up. So

1:01:26.840 --> 1:01:30.840
<v Speaker 1>having this approach of just doing it imperfectly. It allows

1:01:30.880 --> 1:01:35.320
<v Speaker 1>you to be human. It allows you to be human. Right,

1:01:35.760 --> 1:01:39.920
<v Speaker 1>So for me, cookies, cakes, you know Brownie's ice cream cakes?

1:01:40.200 --> 1:01:40.800
<v Speaker 3>Love those?

1:01:41.040 --> 1:01:42.440
<v Speaker 2>Well, you're a sweet too.

1:01:43.000 --> 1:01:46.480
<v Speaker 1>Yeah, anything sweet. You know, chocolate and you know a

1:01:46.480 --> 1:01:48.920
<v Speaker 1>little bit of chocolate's completely fine. But I can easily

1:01:48.960 --> 1:01:51.080
<v Speaker 1>house way too much chocolate.

1:01:51.240 --> 1:01:55.560
<v Speaker 2>House you can house so much stretch factor.

1:01:56.600 --> 1:01:58.840
<v Speaker 3>Yeah, I just like everyone listening.

1:01:58.880 --> 1:02:02.240
<v Speaker 1>I have my vices, and you know, I don't get

1:02:02.240 --> 1:02:06.120
<v Speaker 1>it perfect every day, but you know, the foundations of

1:02:06.200 --> 1:02:08.760
<v Speaker 1>my dieta there, and I'm not bashing myself up so

1:02:08.880 --> 1:02:09.960
<v Speaker 1>much these days.

1:02:10.320 --> 1:02:13.280
<v Speaker 2>Oh that's good tonight. Oh my god, I couple of

1:02:13.280 --> 1:02:15.080
<v Speaker 2>if I've left out so much. I don't even talk.

1:02:15.120 --> 1:02:17.160
<v Speaker 2>We haven't talked about Center. We haven't talked. Maybe we

1:02:17.200 --> 1:02:19.320
<v Speaker 2>have to do a follow up episode. But just the

1:02:19.400 --> 1:02:22.960
<v Speaker 2>last question anytime you're in La, I love that. The

1:02:23.000 --> 1:02:25.320
<v Speaker 2>occasional word. I'm like, oh, he's been there a long time.

1:02:25.440 --> 1:02:29.000
<v Speaker 2>There's an American Twain coming through. Just a few words.

1:02:29.160 --> 1:02:31.480
<v Speaker 2>What's next? Like do you come home? Are you going

1:02:31.520 --> 1:02:34.120
<v Speaker 2>to come home? Or is home La? What's next for

1:02:34.640 --> 1:02:39.360
<v Speaker 2>the proof you're going to be based there? Yeah, what's up?

1:02:39.400 --> 1:02:40.040
<v Speaker 2>What's happening.

1:02:40.440 --> 1:02:45.880
<v Speaker 1>What's next is probably Madison Square Garden and I'll be

1:02:46.000 --> 1:02:50.600
<v Speaker 1>there sewing that out home and this will sound corny.

1:02:50.680 --> 1:02:52.680
<v Speaker 3>Is where my partner is.

1:02:52.840 --> 1:02:56.920
<v Speaker 1>She's Californian, so it's true, and that's probably why I've

1:02:56.920 --> 1:03:01.080
<v Speaker 1>picked up some American twain from spending so much time

1:03:01.120 --> 1:03:01.400
<v Speaker 1>with her.

1:03:01.560 --> 1:03:03.520
<v Speaker 2>Do you hear it or is it just us?

1:03:03.640 --> 1:03:05.600
<v Speaker 3>Yeah? I'm aware. I'm aware.

1:03:05.720 --> 1:03:09.000
<v Speaker 1>Like even when I say I'm aware, you aware. The

1:03:09.120 --> 1:03:12.360
<v Speaker 1>hours on water are like getting stronger and stronger. And

1:03:12.440 --> 1:03:16.400
<v Speaker 1>my dad has lived now in America, so in my

1:03:16.480 --> 1:03:19.439
<v Speaker 1>defense and I know over time, But in my defense, I.

1:03:19.360 --> 1:03:21.200
<v Speaker 3>Lived in America from two till ten.

1:03:21.480 --> 1:03:24.919
<v Speaker 1>Oh wow, so first accent I had. Yeah, so we've

1:03:25.040 --> 1:03:28.520
<v Speaker 1>left Melbourne. My dad did his post doc in Texas

1:03:28.520 --> 1:03:32.160
<v Speaker 1>and then Virginia. He was an assistant professor in Virginia,

1:03:32.240 --> 1:03:35.880
<v Speaker 1>so I learned to speak in Texas. So, believe it

1:03:36.000 --> 1:03:40.160
<v Speaker 1>or not. Oh, I had a Southern American accent from

1:03:40.360 --> 1:03:42.600
<v Speaker 1>two till ten that I came back to Australia.

1:03:42.600 --> 1:03:46.120
<v Speaker 3>I lost it because I wanted to fit in and.

1:03:46.520 --> 1:03:49.600
<v Speaker 2>You wanted to sell records. I mean obviously, yeah.

1:03:49.400 --> 1:03:51.760
<v Speaker 1>Now things are creeping back in, but I am trying

1:03:51.800 --> 1:03:55.080
<v Speaker 1>to maintain my Australian Accent podcast.

1:03:55.360 --> 1:03:57.680
<v Speaker 3>I'm at three hundred and sixty episodes.

1:03:58.280 --> 1:04:03.840
<v Speaker 1>For me, it's aboutntinuing to find the academics in particular

1:04:04.000 --> 1:04:06.280
<v Speaker 1>that don't have a platform, that are kind of hidden

1:04:06.320 --> 1:04:10.680
<v Speaker 1>away at these conferences talking about fatty liver disease and diabetes,

1:04:11.080 --> 1:04:14.080
<v Speaker 1>and it's really arms length from you and from eye,

1:04:14.360 --> 1:04:18.200
<v Speaker 1>and I love sitting down and often for the first time,

1:04:18.240 --> 1:04:21.200
<v Speaker 1>and like their family members will send me emails or

1:04:21.200 --> 1:04:25.160
<v Speaker 1>messages because they didn't really understand what their dad or

1:04:25.480 --> 1:04:28.680
<v Speaker 1>mum did for the past thirty or forty years. So

1:04:28.760 --> 1:04:31.080
<v Speaker 1>it's a nice way to act as a bit of

1:04:31.120 --> 1:04:34.880
<v Speaker 1>a tribute to them and their family, but also take

1:04:34.880 --> 1:04:37.240
<v Speaker 1>the incredible amount of information they have and share it

1:04:37.320 --> 1:04:42.480
<v Speaker 1>with people and just continue, I guess, to try and

1:04:43.160 --> 1:04:47.640
<v Speaker 1>be a quality scientific voice in this space, you know, online,

1:04:47.640 --> 1:04:50.000
<v Speaker 1>where there's a lot of misinformation and a lot of

1:04:50.240 --> 1:04:53.760
<v Speaker 1>confusion that I think needs clearing up, just to help

1:04:53.800 --> 1:04:56.640
<v Speaker 1>people feel a little more confident with all of these

1:04:56.880 --> 1:04:57.960
<v Speaker 1>decisions they're making.

1:05:00.120 --> 1:05:03.120
<v Speaker 2>Absolutely doing that, I mean, forty million downloads and counting

1:05:03.240 --> 1:05:06.880
<v Speaker 2>is extraordinary and as I said a couple of times,

1:05:06.920 --> 1:05:11.080
<v Speaker 2>you are uniquely able to package up information that is

1:05:11.120 --> 1:05:18.000
<v Speaker 2>not accessible to the average young, instagratuitous mind and make

1:05:18.080 --> 1:05:21.600
<v Speaker 2>it powerful and impactful. So you're doing wonderful, wonderful things

1:05:21.640 --> 1:05:24.480
<v Speaker 2>and will continue to follow along keenly. But just to

1:05:24.520 --> 1:05:26.360
<v Speaker 2>finish up, do you have a favorite quote?

1:05:26.800 --> 1:05:28.800
<v Speaker 3>Oh? Favorite quote?

1:05:30.040 --> 1:05:32.240
<v Speaker 1>I love Ritual's quote at the moment, which is very

1:05:32.240 --> 1:05:35.160
<v Speaker 1>simple and that is mood follows action.

1:05:35.640 --> 1:05:38.560
<v Speaker 3>Ooh, mood follows action.

1:05:39.480 --> 1:05:40.320
<v Speaker 2>That's deep.

1:05:40.680 --> 1:05:44.360
<v Speaker 3>I love rich I love him too. Yeah.

1:05:44.800 --> 1:05:47.800
<v Speaker 2>I will also include a link to your episode on

1:05:47.840 --> 1:05:49.680
<v Speaker 2>his podcast. When was that?

1:05:49.840 --> 1:05:53.520
<v Speaker 1>I've been on his show a few times, so twenty

1:05:54.000 --> 1:05:56.520
<v Speaker 1>twenty one, I think, and then twenty twenty four.

1:05:57.080 --> 1:05:59.760
<v Speaker 2>All right, what an amazing way to finish, Simon, Thank

1:05:59.760 --> 1:06:01.800
<v Speaker 2>you so much. I'll include links to everything in the

1:06:01.800 --> 1:06:04.520
<v Speaker 2>show notes for our listeners. If you don't already know Simon,

1:06:04.520 --> 1:06:07.040
<v Speaker 2>but I think most of you probably will, you can

1:06:07.080 --> 1:06:09.280
<v Speaker 2>go there to find out more. Thank you so much

1:06:09.280 --> 1:06:09.800
<v Speaker 2>for joining.

1:06:10.000 --> 1:06:11.480
<v Speaker 3>Thank you, Sarah, appreciate it.

1:06:11.840 --> 1:06:14.360
<v Speaker 2>You guys know, I love speaking to people about things

1:06:14.360 --> 1:06:16.840
<v Speaker 2>that they love, and I could just feel how excited

1:06:16.880 --> 1:06:19.800
<v Speaker 2>Simon gets about the science of living well and wanting

1:06:19.840 --> 1:06:22.680
<v Speaker 2>to convey that to us all, and he truly does

1:06:22.720 --> 1:06:26.320
<v Speaker 2>so in such an impactful and accessible way, even when

1:06:26.360 --> 1:06:30.000
<v Speaker 2>the science behind what he's saying is complicated or voluminous,

1:06:30.120 --> 1:06:32.840
<v Speaker 2>or as he said, sometimes it can appear conflicting. He's

1:06:32.920 --> 1:06:36.400
<v Speaker 2>just got such a talent for making it accessible to

1:06:36.440 --> 1:06:39.360
<v Speaker 2>the everyday person. And I'll include links to all his platforms,

1:06:39.760 --> 1:06:41.840
<v Speaker 2>his book, his master classes in the show notes in

1:06:41.880 --> 1:06:45.120
<v Speaker 2>case you haven't already devoured everything that he's created. I'm

1:06:45.160 --> 1:06:47.240
<v Speaker 2>guessing that some of you already have, but hopefully you

1:06:47.320 --> 1:06:50.080
<v Speaker 2>learn something new in this episode. If you did enjoy,

1:06:50.320 --> 1:06:53.120
<v Speaker 2>took something away, or even have further questions for him,

1:06:53.480 --> 1:06:56.800
<v Speaker 2>please share and tag Simon It's at Simon Hill to

1:06:56.840 --> 1:06:59.400
<v Speaker 2>thank him for his time. It truly means so much

1:06:59.440 --> 1:07:02.400
<v Speaker 2>to help growing our show and yighborhood as far and

1:07:02.520 --> 1:07:05.600
<v Speaker 2>wide as possible, even seven or eight years in which

1:07:05.600 --> 1:07:08.000
<v Speaker 2>is absolutely wild. It was nice to reflect with Simon

1:07:08.040 --> 1:07:09.760
<v Speaker 2>on how long we've both been doing this and that

1:07:09.840 --> 1:07:12.120
<v Speaker 2>we still get to be here having these wonderful conversations.

1:07:12.120 --> 1:07:13.880
<v Speaker 2>So thank you to you guys all as well for

1:07:13.920 --> 1:07:16.680
<v Speaker 2>following along. In the meantime, I hope you're having a

1:07:16.760 --> 1:07:28.440
<v Speaker 2>wonderful week and are seizing your yay