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Speaker 1: You're listening to Amma Mia podcast.

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Speaker 2: As war continues to rage on in the Middle East,

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Speaker 2: the impact has been felt across the world, including here

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Speaker 2: in Australia. Middle East expert doctor Jessica Ganaua is back

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Speaker 2: today with an update. Plus Victoria is moving to make

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Speaker 2: work from home arrangements a non negotiable across the state.

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Speaker 2: But before you pop a load of washing on ahead

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Speaker 2: of your next meeting, not everyone is excited about it.

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Speaker 1: It's the Quickie for Thursday March five.

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Speaker 2: I'm Taylor Strano for a look at the latest news headlines.

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Speaker 1: Here's Claire Murphy.

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Speaker 3: Thanks Taylor. Two hundred Australians have returned home on one

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Speaker 3: of the first commercial flights to leave the Middle East

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Speaker 3: since the start of the US Israeli led war in Iran.

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Speaker 3: Emirates flight EK four one four touchdown in Sydney after

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Speaker 3: departing Dubai. Passengers included a group of nineteen Sydney students

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Speaker 3: who'd been on their way to a robotics event in Turkey,

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Speaker 3: and their teachers their families tearfully hugging them as they

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Speaker 3: emerged from the arrivals gate. Sixty flights were cleared to

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Speaker 3: leave the United Arab Emirates on Wednesday morning Australian time,

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Speaker 3: heading out to destinations around the globe using dedicated emergency

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Speaker 3: air corridors. Those on board counted themselves lucky after it

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Speaker 3: was revealed there are more than one hundred thousand azzies

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Speaker 3: stuck overseas since the outbreak of the conflict on February

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Speaker 3: twenty eight, with reports some are taking extreme measures to

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Speaker 3: get home, including paying tens of thousands of dollars to

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Speaker 3: fly via other regions or even hiring limousines to cross

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Speaker 3: international borders. A second flight is scheduled to leave Ubbahdabi

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Speaker 3: tonight and touchdown back in Australia Friday evening. NATO air

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Speaker 3: and missile defense systems stationed in the Eastern Mediterranean have

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Speaker 3: destroyed a ballistic missile fired from Iran as it headed

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Speaker 3: into Turkish airspace. The incident marks the first time that

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Speaker 3: NATO member Turkey, Iran's neighbour to the northwest, has been

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Speaker 3: drawn into the expanding conflict between Iran and the United

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Speaker 3: States and Israel that now involves several countries in the region.

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Speaker 3: Initial statements by senior Turkish officials about the incident did

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Speaker 3: not mention NATO's Article four, which could potentially bring allies

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Speaker 3: into the conflict in response. In other news from the region,

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Speaker 3: a U S submarine has sunk an Iranian warship off

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Speaker 3: the southern coast of Sri Lanka. One hundred and eighty

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Speaker 3: people were reportedly on board the Iranian vessel. United States

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Speaker 3: Defense Secretary peak Hegxet saying an American submarine sunken Iranian

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Speaker 3: warship that thought it was safe in international waters. Instead,

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Speaker 3: he said it was sunk by a torpedo. Sri Lankan

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Speaker 3: authorities sent rescue ships to the region to help the survivors,

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Speaker 3: with reports thirty two people have been pulled from the

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Speaker 3: water so far. Back in Iran, and Saurs say the

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Speaker 3: sign of Ayatollah Ali Hamani, who was killed in US

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Speaker 3: Israeli strikes, has survived and may take over leadership. Hardliner

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Speaker 3: Moshabah Hamani, a mid ranking cleric with close ties to

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Speaker 3: Iran's elite revolutionary guards, is reportedly one of the most

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Speaker 3: influential figures in the Iranian clerical establishment and has for

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Speaker 3: years been seen as one of the top candidates to

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Speaker 3: succeed his father. Iranian strikers Sarah did Our fourt back

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Speaker 3: tiers as she expressed hope that her country would remain

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Speaker 3: strongly alive as the conflict in the Middle East continues

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Speaker 3: to escalate. Speaking ahead of Thursday's Asian Cup group game

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Speaker 3: against the Matildas on the Gold Coast, did Our World

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Speaker 3: up when she relate her concern for her nation and

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Speaker 3: her teammates families. Iran has been experiencing an internet blackout

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Speaker 3: since the US Israeli assassination of the country's supreme leader,

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Speaker 3: making contact between players in Australia and their families difficult.

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Speaker 3: Did Our said, I really hope for our country to

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Speaker 3: have good news ahead and I hope that my country

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Speaker 3: will be strongly alive. First Nations people are said to

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Speaker 3: be heard in a parliamentary inquiry aimed at ending racism,

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Speaker 3: hate and violence. The inquiry will investigate the nature and

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Speaker 3: prevalence of racism experienced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people,

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Speaker 3: while also considering the threat posed by ideologically motivated extremism.

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Speaker 3: Leaders have been demanding a stronger response from government officials

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Speaker 3: following the alleged attempted bombing of an Invasion Day protest

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Speaker 3: in Perth on January twenty six, when more than two

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Speaker 3: and a half thousand people were evacuated from the protest

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Speaker 3: when a thirty one year old man allegedly threw an

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Speaker 3: object containing volatile chemicals, nails and metal ball bearings into

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Speaker 3: the crowd. The device didn't detonate despite the fuse allegedly

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Speaker 3: being lit. Just months earlier, a large group of men

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Speaker 3: dressed in black, including self confessed white nationalist Thomas Sule,

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Speaker 3: stormed Camp Sovereignty and Aboriginal Protest Camp in Melbourne after

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Speaker 3: attending an anti immigration protest. Indigenous Australians Minister Melanderri McCarthy

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Speaker 3: said First Nations people are feeling scared and angry following

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Speaker 3: the alleged attacks, saying I know this has been a

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Speaker 3: difficult time for families and communities. This inquiry ensures they

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Speaker 3: can have their say and their experiences will be heard

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Speaker 3: by Parliament. The inquiry will examine ways to reduce harm

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Speaker 3: from racism, hatred and violence, including systemic racism, the role

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Speaker 3: of online platforms, and efforts to combat discrimination. Australia's oldest

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Speaker 3: winter paralympian says he's read to race despite recently breaking

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Speaker 3: his leg in training. Skier Michael Milton who's suiting up

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Speaker 3: for his six games thirty eight years after his first

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Speaker 3: broke the femur of his amputated left leg when his

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Speaker 3: ski slid out from under him on a slick patch

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Speaker 3: of snow in Colorado. The fifty two year old has

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Speaker 3: now been medically cleared to compete, just twenty days out

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Speaker 3: from the surgery to fix the injury. Milton says while

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Speaker 3: he had set a goal to qualify in all five

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Speaker 3: alpine events, he'll now only compete in the giant slalom,

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Speaker 3: with his support team saying they absolutely would not back

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Speaker 3: him in downhill events. At fifty two years and three

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Speaker 3: hundred and fifty days, when the game start on March six,

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Speaker 3: Milton will be Australia's oldest Winter Paralympian in the event's

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Speaker 3: fifty year history.

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Speaker 1: Thanks Clan.

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Speaker 2: Next, the latest on Iran. We're closing in on a

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Speaker 2: week of fire traded across the Middle East, missiles and

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Speaker 2: drones hitting targets in Iran, Israel and neighbour countries, with

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Speaker 2: the death toll climbing but hard to nail down. That's

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Speaker 2: because Iran has been operating under one of the worst

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Speaker 2: Internet blackouts in its history. Connectivity to the online world

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Speaker 2: patchy at best, leaving human rights groups and journalists to

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Speaker 2: reconstruct what's happening off limited info getting out of the

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Speaker 2: country and satellite pictures. What we can see clearly is

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Speaker 2: the global fallout. Airspace across parts of the Middle East

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Speaker 2: has been closed or designated too risky for commercial jets,

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Speaker 2: forcing airlines to cancel or reroute nearly thirteen thousand flights,

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Speaker 2: including services used by ossies transiting through hubs like Doha

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Speaker 2: and Dubai on their way to and from Europe. At

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Speaker 2: the same time, oil markets are on edge. Brent krude

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Speaker 2: has jumped sharply as trader's price in the risk around

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Speaker 2: the Strait of Hormaz, the narrow waterway off Iran's coast

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Speaker 2: that carries about a fifth of the world's seaborn oil.

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Speaker 2: Analysts are warning that if the prices stay elevated, it'll

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Speaker 2: feed straight into petrol, which we're already seeing increases at

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Speaker 2: the bowser also airfares and eventually supermarket shelves. For Australia,

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Speaker 2: that means a double whammy ossie stranded or delayed overseas

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Speaker 2: and a fresh oil shock arriving just as the Reserve

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Speaker 2: Bank is trying to tame inflation. As fire continues between Israel,

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Speaker 2: Iran and neighboring nations, a few big questions loom, like

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Speaker 2: when and where does this end? Is regime change actually possible?

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Speaker 2: And is there a chance allied forces like Australia.

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Speaker 1: Could be pulled into combat.

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Speaker 2: To give us an update, let's bring in associate professor

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Speaker 2: at Flinda's University, doctor Jessica GANAUA. Jess, I think the

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Speaker 2: place to jump off is what started with fire being

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Speaker 2: traded between Israel along with the US and Iran that's

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Speaker 2: now spilled out across the region. Why have these other

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Speaker 2: countries been involved?

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Speaker 4: The main reason is because Iran responded to the initial

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Speaker 4: military strikes from the US and Israel with actually firing

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Speaker 4: at US military bases across the Gulf. So this was

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Speaker 4: sort of an interesting choice on behalf of Iran because

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Speaker 4: it's not really in Iran's interest to get Gulf countries offside.

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Speaker 4: But I can only assume that the Iranian regime was

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Speaker 4: considering that this would create maximum sort of chaos across

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Speaker 4: the region and maximum cost not only for the US,

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Speaker 4: but actually for countries all around the world. We've seen,

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Speaker 4: particularly with Qatar and the Emirates and there are now

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Speaker 4: hundreds of thousands of travelers who've been stranded there. That's

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Speaker 4: obviously really bad for many countries around the world, including Australia.

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Speaker 4: But then we've also seen Iran blocking what's called the

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Speaker 4: Strait of Hormuz, so trying to make that a very

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Speaker 4: dangerous passage for ships that are trying to get oil

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Speaker 4: out of the Gulf, So again creating a big problem

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Speaker 4: for countries in the Gulf, but not only countries in

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Speaker 4: the Gulf, actually making this the problem of countries all

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Speaker 4: around the world who are now likely to really see

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Speaker 4: a crunch in terms of oil prices.

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Speaker 2: Yeah, we've already started to see that here in Australia

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Speaker 2: at the Bowser. Fuel prices have begun to increase. What

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Speaker 2: else could we see as a result of this conflict

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Speaker 2: here at home?

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Speaker 4: Yeah, that's exactly right. So this is going to have

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Speaker 4: effects even as far as fields Australia, and those effects

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Speaker 4: will be felt quite quickly in a change in petrol prices,

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Speaker 4: and that is unlikely to go back down until there's

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Speaker 4: really some kind of conclusion to this conflict or this

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Speaker 4: sort of current phase of war. And unfortunately, the way

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Speaker 4: that Trump is now talking and the way that the

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Speaker 4: Israeli Prime Minister has been talking. I actually don't anticipate

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Speaker 4: we're going to see a conclusion to this before about

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Speaker 4: probably at least three or four weeks. So that's something

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Speaker 4: that Australians can expect that petrol prices will be going up. Also, honestly,

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Speaker 4: the Emirates and Qatar have become such a hub for

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Speaker 4: international flights in almost everyone I know in Australia when

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Speaker 4: they're trying to go overseas, trying to get to anywhere

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Speaker 4: in Europe, they tend to go through the Emirates and Qatar.

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Speaker 4: So that's another thing that's going to change, is that

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Speaker 4: we could expect those international flights to go up in price.

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Speaker 4: We're looking at least sort of a month, but we

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Speaker 4: might be looking at a lot longer, so a number

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Speaker 4: of months, just depending on how things evolve.

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Speaker 2: And of course, more broadly, things like the stock market

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Speaker 2: also were impacted when conflicts break out too.

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Speaker 4: Yeah, that's right. So again, unfortunately it's never good news

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Speaker 4: when there's a war, and we will unfortunately see impacts

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Speaker 4: of that in Australia, ripple effects such as we saw

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Speaker 4: with the Russia Ukraine War. But again with this war,

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Speaker 4: which we now can clearly call a war, it's kind

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Speaker 4: of gone beyond the threshold of just a short military operation.

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Speaker 4: And then I guess what we're all kind of watch

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Speaker 4: and see now is what's going to happen from here?

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Speaker 4: What pathway is this conflict going to take? Is it

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Speaker 4: really going to escalate into more of a regional war

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Speaker 4: and then again yes, see big financial implications of that

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Speaker 4: as far afield as Australia, or is it going to

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Speaker 4: be something more contained that actually does come to some

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Speaker 4: kind of conclusion within the next sort of three to

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Speaker 4: four weeks.

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Speaker 2: So we know from those initial strikes from the US

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Speaker 2: and Israel onto Iran that the Supreme leader was taken out,

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Speaker 2: so was a whole lot of the leadership team. Now

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Speaker 2: there are reports coming out of Iran that a new

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Speaker 2: Supreme leader has been appointed.

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Speaker 1: What do we know about that, Jess.

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Speaker 4: So we have had reports just apparently the ayatolah Hamiini's

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Speaker 4: son maybe the expected one to succeed him as the

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Speaker 4: supreme leader. It's a little bit of a surprising choice

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Speaker 4: because there has been more of a tendency in this

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Speaker 4: Iranian regime. So since the Iranian Revolution back in nineteen

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Speaker 4: seventy nine, actually not to go for more of a

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Speaker 4: hereditary approach to the supreme leadership, because it's really supposed

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Speaker 4: to be about your religious credentials more so than necessarily

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Speaker 4: your heritage. So I think this is kind of an

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Speaker 4: interesting choice. Is probably one born of a little bit

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Speaker 4: of desperation that the sort of struggling remnants of the

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Speaker 4: regime that are trying to get back control over the

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Speaker 4: country just really want somebody in place quickly so they

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Speaker 4: can sort of put out a face to the world

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Speaker 4: and say, you know, we are still in control. We

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Speaker 4: now have a new supreme leader. But I don't think

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Speaker 4: it's a choice that everybody is going to be happy

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Speaker 4: with across the kind of regime establishment. So that's sort

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Speaker 4: of interesting for what this might mean going forward. Because

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Speaker 4: Ayatola Harmione, whilst of course, you know, not a well

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Speaker 4: liked figure in the West and even within Iran, there

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Speaker 4: are certain sections of the population that were certainly quite

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Speaker 4: opposed to the regime, but he did still have that

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Speaker 4: very sort of centralized and clear control over the regime itself,

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Speaker 4: so over the political elements of the regime and over

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Speaker 4: the military and security elements. So this is quite a

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Speaker 4: precarious time now for the regime, and we'd really be

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Speaker 4: thinking about will this new person, who doesn't necessarily have

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Speaker 4: widespread support across all of the political and military elements

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Speaker 4: of the regime, will he really be able to bring

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Speaker 4: it together going forward? Or are we likely to see

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Speaker 4: now something that's more of a fracturing of the Iranian

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Speaker 4: regime maybe into competing factions.

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Speaker 2: Zooming out a little bit jess as part of the

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Speaker 2: neighboring countries and the crossfires we saw and oz defence

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Speaker 2: base in the UAE was hit. Could we be pulled

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Speaker 2: into this conflict? Is there a concern that Australia will

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Speaker 2: get the call up from the US?

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Speaker 4: So it's entirely possible that at some stage President Trump

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Speaker 4: will say to security partners around the world, I actually

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Speaker 4: now expect you to get involved. I think it's very

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Speaker 4: very unlikely that Albanesi would commit, certainly not commit any

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Speaker 4: Australian troops or boots on the ground if it comes

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Speaker 4: to that. I'd be very surprised if Anthony Albanesi were

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Speaker 4: to go that far. But I do think that within

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Speaker 4: Australia domestically, there's really no appetite to get involved in

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Speaker 4: a military operation, a war that, even though we're going

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Speaker 4: to feel the effect, it is geographically far from Australia,

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Speaker 4: but also really doesn't feel like our war.

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Speaker 2: What's the end goal here? Because with those initial strikes

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Speaker 2: it was to take out the Supreme Leader. It was

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Speaker 2: in a response to Iran not halting allegedly the nuclear

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Speaker 2: weapons program. The Supreme Leader has been taken out, it

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Speaker 2: looks like a new one will be coming in within

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Speaker 2: the next few days, and the President Trump has indicated

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Speaker 2: that this war could drag on for a number of weeks.

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Speaker 1: Still, so where's the end point?

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Speaker 4: The US and Israel are probably going to have slightly

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Speaker 4: different objectives and slightly different end goals in terms of

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Speaker 4: this military operation or this war with Iran. Trump hasn't

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Speaker 4: actually stated clear goals for what he's trying to do

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Speaker 4: in Iran, and he has said at one point it

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Speaker 4: might be about regime change. But I expect that if

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Speaker 4: this drags on for three or four weeks and we

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Speaker 4: don't see any clear change of regime, that Trump may

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Speaker 4: well shift those goal posts and actually decide that you know,

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Speaker 4: the American population are not willing to keep bearing the costs.

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Speaker 4: From a US perspective, I'd be surprised if this continues

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Speaker 4: for more than about a month. For the Israeli Prime

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Speaker 4: Minister BINYAMINNETTNYA, who I think that the end goal is

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Speaker 4: very much regime change in Iran, and he really wants

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Speaker 4: to see an end and a collapse to this particular

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Speaker 4: regime where there's been so much enmity between this Iranian

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Speaker 4: regime and Israel. Full and clear regime change is not

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Speaker 4: going to happen within a month at the end of

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Speaker 4: the day. Would probably also require some kind of boots

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Speaker 4: on the ground, which I don't think either Israel or

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Speaker 4: the US are really planning on doing. But how long

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Speaker 4: would they hang on hoping for regime change is sort

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Speaker 4: of another question.

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Speaker 2: If you can do a job from home, you'll have

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Speaker 2: the right to do so. That's under new laws the

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Speaker 2: Victorian government hopes to pass ensuring all employees, regardless of

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Speaker 2: the size of their business, can log on without leaving home.

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Speaker 2: The short of the long is this, The Victorian labor

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Speaker 2: government want to give workers a legal right to work

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Speaker 2: from home for two days a week if their job

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Speaker 2: can reasonably be done remotely. Premier just into Allen says

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Speaker 2: it's about fanness and catching the law up to the

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Speaker 2: reality of modern work.

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Speaker 5: It's good for working people and families, particularly women. It's

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Speaker 5: also good for the economy because the data tells us

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Speaker 5: that workers are more productive when they have more time

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Speaker 5: in their day. The impact that I've heard from families

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Speaker 5: already is that it saves families time and it saves

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Speaker 5: them money. And if you took to anyone, particularly working women,

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Speaker 5: it's also meant that they've been able to get back

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Speaker 5: into the workforce, maybe after having a period of time

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Speaker 5: away from work to have kids. Being able to work

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Speaker 5: from home can be the difference between them working or not,

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Speaker 5: or it can mean the difference between in then picking

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Speaker 5: up some extra work or not. And so that's where

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Speaker 5: it comes into being good for the economy as well

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Speaker 5: as being good for families.

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Speaker 2: The proposal would apply across the board, from big bangs

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Speaker 2: and public service offices through to small business. The idea

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Speaker 2: is that a retail manager or bookkeeper and a small

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Speaker 2: firm shouldn't have fewer rights than someone in a CBD

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Speaker 2: tower just because their employer has fifty staff instead of

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Speaker 2: five thousand. But of course not everyone is celebrating. Business

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Speaker 2: groups are concerned, arguing that work from home arrangements should

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Speaker 2: be negotiated between bosses and staff, not mandated by Parliament.

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Speaker 6: Small businesses typically support genuine, negotiated flexibility in their businesses.

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Speaker 6: But what is of high concern here is that this

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Speaker 6: is unnecessary duplication of a federal law that require businesses

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Speaker 6: to consider flexibility and flexible working requests. And for small

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Speaker 6: businesses who typically don't have independent hrs and are often

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Speaker 6: you know, working within very fast paced with many regulations

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Speaker 6: to consider, this really just adds additional regulatory burden and

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Speaker 6: also a level of confusion and uncertainty that creates risks

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Speaker 6: in a mind of small business owners.

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Speaker 2: That's Sky Capuccio, CEO of the Council of Small Business

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Speaker 2: Organizations Australia. The Small Business Advocacy Group is asking for

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Speaker 2: businesses with less than fifty employees to be exempt from

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Speaker 2: the law, but Premiertus into Allan says, the new law

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Speaker 2: is about equality across the workforce.

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Speaker 5: We're doing this for the simple reason is that's what's fair.

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Speaker 5: It should be equally fair for someone who works in

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Speaker 5: a smaller business to have the same rights as someone

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Speaker 5: who works in a bigger business, like a big back

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Speaker 5: and I know because I've met so many small business operators,

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Speaker 5: but also employees as well, many are already doing it.

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Speaker 5: Small businesses are doing this because it's a way of

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Speaker 5: attracting talent. It's a way of getting people to come

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Speaker 5: and work for them, and in return, the workers are

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Speaker 5: proving to be more act even are making a great

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Speaker 5: contribution to their workplace.

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Speaker 2: For workers, the reaction is mixed, but largely positive. Many

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Speaker 2: parents and cares see it as a chance to lock

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Speaker 2: in the flexibility they gain during lockdowns instead of waiting

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Speaker 2: for a new manager to have them back at their.

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Speaker 1: Desk five days a week.

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Speaker 2: Others are worried about unintended consequences like being quietly passed

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Speaker 2: over for promotions if they lean into that working remote vibe.

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Speaker 2: As for when we could see it roll out.

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Speaker 5: My intention is to bring the legislation to the Parliament

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Speaker 5: in the coming months, and I want to have protection

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Speaker 5: of working from home as a right to come into

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Speaker 5: law from the first of September this year. We'll be

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Speaker 5: using the Equal Opportunity Act as the mechanism by which

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Speaker 5: the right to work from home will be enshrined, and

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Speaker 5: we want it in place by the first of September.

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Speaker 2: Thanks for taking some time to feed your mind with

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Speaker 2: us today. The Quikie is produced by Me Taylor Strano,

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Speaker 2: Georgie Page, and Clam Murphy, with audio production by Lou Hill.

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Speaker 3: Mumma Mere acknowledges the traditional owners of land and waters

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Speaker 3: that this podcast is recorded on