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Speaker 1: You're listening to a Muma Mea podcast. Mumma Mea acknowledges

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Speaker 1: the traditional owners of land and waters that this podcast

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Speaker 1: is recorded on.

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Speaker 2: Hey, I'm Taylorstrano. This is Mumma Mer's twice daily news podcast,

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Speaker 2: The Quickie. The US is threatening to slab a two

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Speaker 2: hundred percent tariff on pharmaceuticals and a fifty percent tariff

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Speaker 2: on copper. So what does that mean for Australia? Plus

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Speaker 2: what actually makes someone cool? Apparently science has finally cracked

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Speaker 2: the code before we get there. Hugh's Clare Murphy with

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Speaker 2: the latest from The Quickie newsroom for Thursday.

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Speaker 1: July ten, Thanks Taylor. The court overseeing the recent Aaron

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Speaker 1: Patterson mushroom trial has confirmed sequestered jurors were placed in

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Speaker 1: the same hotel as the police informant Stephen Eppingstall and

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Speaker 1: prosecutors while they deliberated, just as Christopher Bial's associate emailed

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Speaker 1: both defense and prosecution about the incident, but said there

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Speaker 1: had been no interaction between prosecutor, police and the jury,

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Speaker 1: saying that the jury have had a separate floor to

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Speaker 1: themselves and have eaten their meals in a conference room

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Speaker 1: separate from other guests. Of the hotel, but all guests

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Speaker 1: used the same entrance at the hotel. Most hotels in

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Speaker 1: the area had been booked out as the National Tennis

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Speaker 1: Table Championships were being held in the Latrobe Valley at

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Speaker 1: the same time as the jury entered its final days deliberating.

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Speaker 1: On Monday morning, the prosecution emailed the associate to say

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Speaker 1: they were no longer staying at the same hotel and

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Speaker 1: that the informant had been staying in a different wing

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Speaker 1: of the property and was using a different entrance to

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Speaker 1: the jurors, who was also taking steps to avoid common

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Speaker 1: areas from the point that he'd become aware that they

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Speaker 1: were there. The prosecution's legal team had to move from

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Speaker 1: its accommodation on Friday, and tried to move again when

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Speaker 1: it became aware the jury was there. However, due to

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Speaker 1: a lack of available accommodation, they could only move Senior

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Speaker 1: Council prosecution solicitors stayed. They confirmed the prosecution solicitors did

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Speaker 1: not interact with the jury at any stage and also

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Speaker 1: took steps to avoid any incidental contact in common areas. Patterson,

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Speaker 1: who was found guilty of three counts of murder and

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Speaker 1: one of attempted murder in the debts of her former

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Speaker 1: in laws and extended family members after serving them beef

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Speaker 1: Wellington's laced with death cap mushrooms. Whill next faced court

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Speaker 1: later in twenty twenty five for a pre sentencing hearing.

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Speaker 1: A second major childcare operator is rolling out CCTV cameras

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Speaker 1: in hundreds of facilities after two of its staff were

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Speaker 1: charged with sexually abusing children. Childcare provider Affinity Education Group,

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Speaker 1: on Wednesday announced that it would fast track installing CCTV

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Speaker 1: in over two hundred and fifty of its facilities following

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Speaker 1: disturbing accusations against former employee Joshua Dale Brown. Allegations of

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Speaker 1: child sex abuse against Brown sent shockwaves through the industry

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Speaker 1: after the twenty six year old was charged with more

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Speaker 1: than seventy sex offenses. The alleged abuse involved eight children

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Speaker 1: a Creative Garden early learning center in Melbourne's West which

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Speaker 1: is operated by rival provider G eight Education. He was

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Speaker 1: arrested in May and it was revealed he worked at

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Speaker 1: twenty childcare facilities across Melbourne between twenty seventeen and twenty

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Speaker 1: twenty five. Affinity's announcement came a day after G eight

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Speaker 1: announced it will put CCTV cameras into its more than

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Speaker 1: four hundred centers and pledged an independent review once criminal

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Speaker 1: proceedings were finalized. Affinity, which is owned by a private

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Speaker 1: equity firm, also confirmed it had reported a new South

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Speaker 1: Wales employee to police after sexual abuse allegations against the

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Speaker 1: worker were raised. Pope Leo has told visiting Ukrainian President

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Speaker 1: Vlodomi Zelenski that the Vatican is willing to host Russia

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Speaker 1: Ukraine peace talks. The Pope met with the Ukrainian leader

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Speaker 1: for the second time in his two month old papacy

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Speaker 1: in Castel Gandolfo, a small Italian hilltown not far from Rome,

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Speaker 1: where the Pope is having a two week holiday. The

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Speaker 1: pair also discussed the urgent need for a just and

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Speaker 1: lasting piece. Zelenski posted on social media that holding talks

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Speaker 1: with Russia and the Vatican would be entirely possible with

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Speaker 1: the goal of stopping Russian aggression and achieving a stable,

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Speaker 1: lasting and genuine peace, but he said Russia had rejected

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Speaker 1: such proposals, as it has turned down all other peace initiatives. Overnight,

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Speaker 1: Russia find a record seven hundred and twenty eight drones

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Speaker 1: at Ukraine as well. As thirteen missiles in the latest

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Speaker 1: escalation after mounting Russian aerial and ground attacks in the

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Speaker 1: more than three year war. The Elon Musk founded company XAI,

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Speaker 1: who developed the chatbot Grok, has removed what it called

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Speaker 1: inappropriate social media posts after complaints from users on the

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Speaker 1: social media platform x and the Anti Defamation League. It

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Speaker 1: was brought to their attention that Grok had produced content

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Speaker 1: with anti Semitic tropes and praise for Adolf Hitler. Issues

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Speaker 1: of political biases, hate speech, and the accuracy of AI

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Speaker 1: chatbots have been a concern since at least the launch

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Speaker 1: of Open AI's chat GPT in twenty twenty two. Grok

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Speaker 1: posted to Exit they are aware of recent posts made

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Speaker 1: by Grok and are actively working to remove the inappropriate posts,

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Speaker 1: and that since being made aware of the content, XAI

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Speaker 1: has taken action to ban hate speech before groc posts.

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Speaker 1: The chatbot has already been in the spotlight for a

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Speaker 1: similar issue. Back in May, users noticed it had brought

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Speaker 1: up the topic of white genocide in South Africa during

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Speaker 1: a discussion about completely unrelated matters. Xai attributed the comments

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Speaker 1: to an unauthorized change that was made to the checkbots

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Speaker 1: response software.

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Speaker 2: Thanks Claire next the new tariff news you need to

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Speaker 2: know about. Let's talk tariffs, and I promised to keep

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Speaker 2: it snappy. Yesterday we woke up to hear the US

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Speaker 2: President flagged a possible two hundred percent tariff on pharmaceuticals

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Speaker 2: and a fifty percent tariff on copper. If you're thinking, wait,

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Speaker 2: don't we export a lot of those?

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Speaker 3: You're right.

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Speaker 2: Last year Australia sent over two billion dollars worth of

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Speaker 2: pharmaceuticals to the US, making America our biggest customer for

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Speaker 2: these products. As for copper, it is a smaller slice,

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Speaker 2: but still a big deal for those in the mining sector.

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Speaker 2: So why is the US doing this? The President says

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Speaker 2: it's about bringing manufacturing back home and making America less

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Speaker 2: dependent on foreign drugs and materials. While the ins and

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Speaker 2: outs of the announcement are still a bit unclear, it's

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Speaker 2: understood under the current proposal, the tariffs wouldn't take effect immediately.

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Speaker 2: Pharmaceutical companies would have a one year grace period to

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Speaker 2: move operations to the US before the measures become law.

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Speaker 2: Now that does by US sometime, but not much. It's

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Speaker 2: also a sentiment echoed by the US Commerce Secretary Howard

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Speaker 2: Lutnick when he appeared on CNBC earlier this week.

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Speaker 3: If you don't build in America, they're going to be

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Speaker 3: a high rate. But he may consider that if you're

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Speaker 3: building in America, to give you the time to build.

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Speaker 3: I think you mentioned that in the cabinet meeting. Give

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Speaker 3: you time to build it, say a year, year and

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Speaker 3: a half, possibly even two years of building, and then

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Speaker 3: the tarff will be much higher. But those details, it

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Speaker 3: will come at the end of the month and the

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Speaker 3: President will set them.

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Speaker 2: For Australia, this is a headache. Speaking on Radio National

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Speaker 2: earlier this week, Treasurer Jim Chalmers doubled down on Australia's

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Speaker 2: position of not changing the Pharmaceutical Benefit Scheme in the

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Speaker 2: wake of Trump's potential tariff shift.

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Speaker 4: We see the PBS as a fundamental part of healthcare

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Speaker 4: in Australia. We're not willing to compromise the PBS. We're

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Speaker 4: not willing to negotiate or trade away what is a

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Speaker 4: really important feature of the health system, alongside Medicare and

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Speaker 4: all of the other things that we're proud of as Australians.

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Speaker 2: The government says it's urgently seeking clarification if these tariffs

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Speaker 2: go ahead, our pharmaceutical exporters could take a huge hit.

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Speaker 2: Forty percent of the global sales go to the US.

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Speaker 2: After all, copper is a smaller issue, but it's still

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Speaker 2: money and jobs on the line. Experts warn that if

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Speaker 2: a full blown trade warrberupts, everyone loses, prices go up,

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Speaker 2: jobs are at risk, and global supply chains become even messier.

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Speaker 2: To help us unpack what these tariffs could mean for Australia,

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Speaker 2: we're joined by Honorary Research Associate at the University of

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Speaker 2: Sydney and Coconvena of the Australian Fair Trade and Investment Network,

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Speaker 2: doctor Patricia Reynold. Patricia, let's start with the potential two

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Speaker 2: hundred percent tariff on pharmaceuticals. What kind of impact could

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Speaker 2: that actually have on the industry and the economy here?

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Speaker 5: It is part of Trump's general approach which is to

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Speaker 5: try and reduce imports into the US and expand industries

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Speaker 5: like the pharmaceutical industry and really compel other countries to

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Speaker 5: accept their exports to those other countries rather than have

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Speaker 5: imports from other countries. I mean America's First policy means

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Speaker 5: absolutely America First, So it would have a bad impact

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Speaker 5: on our pharmaceutical industry. Trump has made other demands as

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Speaker 5: well to do with pharmaceuticals in Australia, which are to

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Speaker 5: do with our pharmaceutical benefit scheme. The US does not

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Speaker 5: like this scheme. The pharmaceutical industry does not like this

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Speaker 5: scheme because they get a lower wholesale price for them

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Speaker 5: Edison than they do in the United States, where there

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Speaker 5: are no price controls on medicines at all. One of

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Speaker 5: the things that Trump has been asking for is to

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Speaker 5: remove that system of price controls. Their attitude is that

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Speaker 5: because their pharmaceutical exports into Australia are sold at a

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Speaker 5: lower price than they are in America, that that's an

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Speaker 5: unfair trade that there. But to us, that is a

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Speaker 5: public policy that enables the government to make medicines affordable

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Speaker 5: to all Australians.

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Speaker 2: That's something that the Treasurer Jim Chalmers was speaking about

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Speaker 2: on Radio National earlier this week. He was saying the

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Speaker 2: PBS is not up for discussion. That's something that we

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Speaker 2: won't be doing away with. One of the other elements

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Speaker 2: to this potential two hundred percent tariff hike on pharmaceuticals

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Speaker 2: is maybe the sanction would be a little bit lesser

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Speaker 2: if we shape up and ship out our manufacturing to

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Speaker 2: the US in line with that America First policy, we

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Speaker 2: do move manufacturing to the US, what kind of impacts

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Speaker 2: would that then have on supply and price here because

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Speaker 2: essentially we're just becoming a US operated system and we

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Speaker 2: wouldn't have it as readily available here.

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Speaker 5: Well, that's right. The problem with that is that some

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Speaker 5: of our major manufacturers here are American companies like Fiver.

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Speaker 5: Since COVID, most governments have been trying to have more

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Speaker 5: self efficiency in medicine, and so they've been encouraging pharmaceutical

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Speaker 5: companies to diversify their production globally, and the Australian government,

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Speaker 5: the previous government and this one have done that too.

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Speaker 5: For US, it would be meaning that more of our

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Speaker 5: pharmaceuticals might be produced in the US, but it would

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Speaker 5: remove that element of security and self efficiency, saying that

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Speaker 5: it's only the US who can have self efficiency in

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Speaker 5: medicines and everyone else has to invest in the US

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Speaker 5: to get the medicine that are produced, particularly by US companies,

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Speaker 5: And that's an unreasonable demand that.

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Speaker 2: Trisha can Trump just assign different tariffs for goods, Like

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Speaker 2: didn't we just have this blanket ten percent tariff across

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Speaker 2: the board.

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Speaker 5: He announced, we have a free trade agreement with the US,

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Speaker 5: and we actually have zero tariffs on US products into Australia.

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Speaker 5: What has happened is that in April Trump announced that

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Speaker 5: he was going to have a whole series of different

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Speaker 5: tariffs twenty percent actually general across the board tariffs, plus

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Speaker 5: additional higher tariffs for countries which he said either had

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Speaker 5: a trade surplus with the United States, that is, they

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Speaker 5: exported more to the United States than they imported, or

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Speaker 5: had other non trade barriers like our pharmaceutical benefit scheme. Now,

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Speaker 5: when he made that announcement and some of the tariffs

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Speaker 5: were huge, there was a collapse both the stock market

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Speaker 5: and bond market in the US and it was going

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Speaker 5: to have dreadful economic effects there. So he then retreated

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Speaker 5: and said, oh, well, we'll only put a ten percent

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Speaker 5: what he calls based rate tariffs on everybody. And he

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Speaker 5: then postponed the other higher taffs until now until July,

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Speaker 5: and demanded that country's negotiate with him in order to

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Speaker 5: have the threat of higher tariff removed. So the ten

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Speaker 5: percent based rate tariff remains for everyone, and that's what

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Speaker 5: Australia has applied to it now as a ten percent

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Speaker 5: based rate tariff on all our exports to the US.

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Speaker 5: Because Australia doesn't have any tariffs on US imports and

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Speaker 5: we also have a trade deficit with the US, we

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Speaker 5: haven't been threatened with higher tariffs. But it's very doubtful

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Speaker 5: whether the ten percent tariff will be removed. The US

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Speaker 5: hasn't really removed that for anyone. And also the kind

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Speaker 5: of things that the US is demanding that Australia do.

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Speaker 5: Changes to the pharmacutic Benefit scheme, weakening bio security in

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Speaker 5: quarantine laws, having no regulation of digital tech companies, removing

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Speaker 5: Australian content rules in audio visual media. All of those

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Speaker 5: are important public policies which our government has said they

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Speaker 5: won't be trading away. I think the ten percent tariff

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Speaker 5: is probably going to remain.

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Speaker 2: While we've got you, Patricia. I just want to change

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Speaker 2: pace quickly and talk about this week's URBA decision. The

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Speaker 2: rate cuts. Some experts were hinting at a rate reduction.

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Speaker 2: Was the decision that was handed down on Tuesday, A

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Speaker 2: surprise they held steady well.

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Speaker 5: I think it was a surprise to a lot of people.

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Speaker 5: I think the Reserve Bank is being ultra cautious because

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Speaker 5: inflation has come down to the level that they want,

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Speaker 5: which is just over two percent. But what they're saying

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Speaker 5: is they want more economic data before they are convinced

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Speaker 5: that inflation will remain low. Now that economic data is

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Speaker 5: coming out in a couple of weeks, so I think

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Speaker 5: the hope is that by the next Reserve Bank meeting

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Speaker 5: in August, there will be a rate cut if the

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Speaker 5: inflation rate continues to be low. As I said, I

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Speaker 5: think the Reserve Bank is being ultra cautious, and a

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Speaker 5: lot of people were quite disappointed.

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Speaker 2: Asking for a friend, what makes someone cool? Is it

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Speaker 2: that happy, go lucky demeanor, or being so chic that

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Speaker 2: it hurts having the latest fashion, or just being the

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Speaker 2: nicest person in the room. Is it the very fact

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Speaker 2: that not caring about being cool would instantly make you cooler,

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Speaker 2: and the coolest person in the room that is so

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Speaker 2: fat Before a spiral about how uncool I am, there

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Speaker 2: is a point, and I promise that I am getting

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Speaker 2: to it. Science has finally cracked the code. A new

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Speaker 2: global study asked nearly six thousand people across thirteen countries,

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Speaker 2: including Australia, to spill on what actually makes someone cool

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Speaker 2: before we reveal the answers. I asked my colleagues to

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Speaker 2: tell me what makes someone cool again, strictly for research purposes.

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Speaker 2: Hard working, that's cool. They're vibe if they're just friendly

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Speaker 2: and just don't seem to care what everyone else thinks.

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Speaker 1: It's the way that they walk. They've got like a

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Speaker 1: jump to them, like a skip in.

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Speaker 2: Their step when they're completely offline.

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Speaker 4: They're like, it's just a vibe, like someone who's really

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Speaker 4: sure of themselves and comes.

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Speaker 2: Across as like a genuinely nice person, not trying too

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Speaker 2: hard love in their heart.

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Speaker 4: You're not cool if you're like a bit of a

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Speaker 4: rude hater and you've got it this snark to you, Like,

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Speaker 4: that's not cool.

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Speaker 2: It's cool to be kind, having your own thoughts and

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Speaker 2: opinions and your own personal style, don't follow trends.

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Speaker 1: I like people who are really inclusive, who go out

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Speaker 1: of their ways to just be like friendly to everybody.

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Speaker 2: I think cool is a vibe. I think it's not

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Speaker 2: really a personality trade. It's more like someone I don't know,

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Speaker 2: they're like elusive, having conviction in your own taste, how

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Speaker 2: you present yourself.

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Speaker 4: I think in clothes can really show personal style, and

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Speaker 4: by doing that it kind of just omits that you're.

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Speaker 5: Cool if you have, like any weird niche interests. I'm

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Speaker 5: really into that.

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Speaker 2: If somebody is confident in themselves and who they are,

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Speaker 2: then that is the coolest thing to me. Maybe like

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Speaker 2: someone who's younger than me, he is always cooler. Okay,

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Speaker 2: so most of them said being cool is having confidence

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Speaker 2: or is just kind of a vibe, And while that

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Speaker 2: may be true, here are some more tangible answers. So

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Speaker 2: it turns out there are six core traits that define coolness.

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Speaker 2: First of all, being extroverted. These people are naturally outgoing.

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Speaker 2: They thrive in social situations, often energizing those around them

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Speaker 2: with their enthusiasm and ability to connect easily. Being hedonistic

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Speaker 2: apparently makes you cool. These people genuinely enjoy life's pleasures,

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Speaker 2: seeking out fun and new experiences, and aren't afraid to

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Speaker 2: indulge in things that bring them joy powerfulness. Cool people

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Speaker 2: tend to have a presence that commands attention. They influence others,

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Speaker 2: exude confidence, and sometimes have the resources or status to

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Speaker 2: back it up. What about being adventurous? Apparently these people

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Speaker 2: are very cool. They're open to taking risks and love

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Speaker 2: stepping out of their comfort zone, whether it's trying a

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Speaker 2: new activity, traveling somewhere unfamiliar, or simply embracing the unknown.

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Speaker 2: Speaking of being open, these individuals are curious and receptive,

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Speaker 2: always willing to listen to different perspectives, explore new ideas,

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Speaker 2: and adapt to change and finally, autonomy. Perhaps most importantly,

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Speaker 2: being cool means being fiercely independent aka comfortable with making

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Speaker 2: your own choices and not afraid to stand out or

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Speaker 2: go against the grain. According to clinical psychologists doctor Maria

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Speaker 2: Elena Lukettz, were drawn to people who go against the

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Speaker 2: grain because it signals freedom and confidence, qualities that our

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Speaker 2: brains are hardwired to admire. But here's the catch. Trying

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Speaker 2: too hard to be cool is the fastest way to

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Speaker 2: be well uncool. Authentic city is everything. Social media might

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Speaker 2: make it look easy, but most of us can spot

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Speaker 2: a try hard from a mile away. Coolness isn't just

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Speaker 2: about being good or nice either. The study found that

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Speaker 2: while cool people are generally positive, they're less likely to

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Speaker 2: be conforming, traditional, or even warm compared to good people.

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Speaker 2: In other words, you can be cool without being everyone's

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Speaker 2: best friend. So next time you're at tempted to copy

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Speaker 2: the latest trend or force yourself to fit in, remember

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Speaker 2: and brace yourself. Here I'm about to go all after

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Speaker 2: school special on you. The real secret to coolness is

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Speaker 2: being confidently, unapologetically you. I know, I know, but it's

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Speaker 2: the truth. Thanks for taking some time to feed your

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Speaker 2: mind with us today. The quickie is produced by Me

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Speaker 2: Taylor Strano and Clere Murphy, with audio production by Lou Hill.

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Speaker 2: Mamma Mia Studios are styled with furniture from Fenton and Fenton.

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Speaker 2: Visit Fenton and Fenton dot com dot au