1 00:00:01,120 --> 00:00:03,160 Speaker 1: Oh good a team. Welcome to another instorming the show. 2 00:00:03,160 --> 00:00:06,320 Speaker 1: Tiffany and Cook, David James, Patrick Gillespie. It's me Jumbo, 3 00:00:06,840 --> 00:00:10,400 Speaker 1: steering the ship as I do. Let's go with the 4 00:00:10,440 --> 00:00:11,840 Speaker 1: lifeblood of the show. 5 00:00:11,960 --> 00:00:12,240 Speaker 2: Tip. 6 00:00:12,440 --> 00:00:14,080 Speaker 3: Hi, Hi, that's me. 7 00:00:14,880 --> 00:00:18,400 Speaker 1: Hello, Yeah, that's you. How are you really good? 8 00:00:18,440 --> 00:00:22,880 Speaker 4: Thanks? Been Ben sparring blind blokes again today. 9 00:00:23,680 --> 00:00:26,239 Speaker 1: I saw that. I saw that. Tell just tell our 10 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:28,800 Speaker 1: listeners who didn't hear that chat we had and tell 11 00:00:29,240 --> 00:00:33,159 Speaker 1: Gillespo that you've been punching people with visual impairments in 12 00:00:33,200 --> 00:00:33,680 Speaker 1: the face. 13 00:00:34,320 --> 00:00:37,840 Speaker 4: Yeah. I thought it'd be an easy win, but pretty 14 00:00:37,840 --> 00:00:42,320 Speaker 4: good accuracy for someone who can't see. Ben Pettingill's been 15 00:00:43,159 --> 00:00:45,839 Speaker 4: a guest on my show before and he's doing a 16 00:00:46,040 --> 00:00:52,639 Speaker 4: boxing event against blindfolded opponents for an event called I'll 17 00:00:52,640 --> 00:00:54,560 Speaker 4: give him a shout out because one of your listeners 18 00:00:54,560 --> 00:00:58,320 Speaker 4: said that it was her nephew let Me Get It 19 00:00:58,360 --> 00:01:01,560 Speaker 4: Out podcast Royale, Queensland this weekend. 20 00:01:02,400 --> 00:01:06,480 Speaker 1: Yeah, someone said that. I mean, I'm all four fundraisers 21 00:01:06,520 --> 00:01:09,240 Speaker 1: and all four charity but I'm just I don't know 22 00:01:09,319 --> 00:01:12,840 Speaker 1: that blind people fighting is I mean, I don't know. 23 00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:17,000 Speaker 1: I just I just I just see traumatic brain injury. 24 00:01:17,000 --> 00:01:17,360 Speaker 1: That's all. 25 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:20,520 Speaker 4: I think, well, I was the only one with traumatic 26 00:01:20,800 --> 00:01:24,000 Speaker 4: brain injury. Ben was doing just fine. You know, he's 27 00:01:24,280 --> 00:01:27,240 Speaker 4: so sneaky. He can hear everything. I've got to breathe 28 00:01:27,319 --> 00:01:30,280 Speaker 4: really quiet, and if I manage a moment where he 29 00:01:30,319 --> 00:01:33,560 Speaker 4: hasn't heard where I've positioned, I just stay there and 30 00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:35,360 Speaker 4: crouch and just take a minute. 31 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:38,240 Speaker 1: Do you know how you have a tambourine which is 32 00:01:38,319 --> 00:01:40,760 Speaker 1: kind of like a round circle the size of your head. 33 00:01:41,400 --> 00:01:43,479 Speaker 1: I reckon you need to jam one of those around 34 00:01:43,480 --> 00:01:46,280 Speaker 1: your forehead, in the back of your skull. So he's 35 00:01:46,319 --> 00:01:50,960 Speaker 1: got at least he's got an auditory target, or at 36 00:01:51,000 --> 00:01:53,200 Speaker 1: the very least a fucking bell around your Now. 37 00:01:55,920 --> 00:01:57,000 Speaker 3: He doesn't need it. 38 00:01:57,800 --> 00:02:01,120 Speaker 1: You can hear everything, certainly wouldn't hurt. Did he hit you? 39 00:02:01,720 --> 00:02:02,440 Speaker 3: It sure did. 40 00:02:02,560 --> 00:02:05,880 Speaker 4: Yeah, it goes, It goes, well, it goes. 41 00:02:05,920 --> 00:02:07,840 Speaker 1: Really the problem, I mean, even if you kind of 42 00:02:07,920 --> 00:02:10,200 Speaker 1: knew where your head was. David's like, when am I on? 43 00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:14,680 Speaker 3: No, No, keep going, I've got nothing better to do. 44 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:18,800 Speaker 3: Listen to you to bang on about punching blind people. 45 00:02:21,360 --> 00:02:25,119 Speaker 1: Good point, good point. Hi David, how are you good? 46 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:25,600 Speaker 3: How are you? 47 00:02:26,639 --> 00:02:29,840 Speaker 1: I'm good, I'm good. Well, I did read with interest 48 00:02:29,880 --> 00:02:35,200 Speaker 1: today that you've got advice for me if in some 49 00:02:35,320 --> 00:02:41,200 Speaker 1: alternate parallel universe, hypothetical universe, very unlikely universe, where I 50 00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:46,200 Speaker 1: would be thinking about siren offspring, that you've got some 51 00:02:46,320 --> 00:02:49,840 Speaker 1: tips for me that might help my chances. You wrote 52 00:02:49,840 --> 00:02:54,160 Speaker 1: an article which went up on LinkedIn today or yesterday. 53 00:02:54,320 --> 00:02:54,720 Speaker 3: I don't know. 54 00:02:55,080 --> 00:02:57,359 Speaker 5: I think I put it up on substack a couple 55 00:02:57,400 --> 00:02:59,080 Speaker 5: of days ago and then shared it on LinkedIn. 56 00:02:59,760 --> 00:03:02,880 Speaker 3: Yes, something like that. Yeah, but you. 57 00:03:02,880 --> 00:03:06,120 Speaker 5: Can see the original over on substack, over on raising 58 00:03:06,240 --> 00:03:13,320 Speaker 5: Hell on substack, and yeah, that's what the one's one about. Well, 59 00:03:13,320 --> 00:03:15,320 Speaker 5: it's a couple of different angles. I mean, we've talked 60 00:03:15,360 --> 00:03:20,079 Speaker 5: before about the vomiting sperm count. 61 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:22,640 Speaker 3: I think I'm not sure that we have. 62 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:26,480 Speaker 5: Do you remember with the race horse that where they 63 00:03:26,520 --> 00:03:29,160 Speaker 5: originally started counting sperm, you know, to try and fix 64 00:03:29,200 --> 00:03:32,480 Speaker 5: that race horses problems and figured out that, oh, you know, 65 00:03:32,639 --> 00:03:35,480 Speaker 5: this might actually work for humans too. That was back 66 00:03:35,480 --> 00:03:39,520 Speaker 5: in the nineteen forties. But we've only really been worried 67 00:03:39,560 --> 00:03:47,280 Speaker 5: about it, probably since the early seventies where people started 68 00:03:47,280 --> 00:03:52,800 Speaker 5: to really notice that until probably about then, maybe a 69 00:03:52,840 --> 00:03:55,000 Speaker 5: little bit earlier, but no one was really counting. 70 00:03:56,160 --> 00:03:56,720 Speaker 3: They were. 71 00:03:57,080 --> 00:04:00,520 Speaker 5: You could pretty safely say, when a couple lobbed in 72 00:04:01,520 --> 00:04:06,920 Speaker 5: to the doctors unable to reproduce, unable to conceive, there 73 00:04:06,960 --> 00:04:09,480 Speaker 5: was a pretty high probability that it was something to 74 00:04:09,560 --> 00:04:13,360 Speaker 5: do with the female half of the equation, so it 75 00:04:13,440 --> 00:04:19,599 Speaker 5: was relatively rare, and it often was related to something 76 00:04:19,680 --> 00:04:24,440 Speaker 5: being wrong with the female's ability to reproduce. And this 77 00:04:24,560 --> 00:04:28,839 Speaker 5: started to change sort of in the late nineteen sixties 78 00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:33,800 Speaker 5: nineteen seventies, and it's now more than half of all 79 00:04:33,880 --> 00:04:39,760 Speaker 5: problems at least are likely to be male oriented. And 80 00:04:39,839 --> 00:04:43,760 Speaker 5: the problem, it turns out, is plummeting sperm counts. And 81 00:04:43,839 --> 00:04:46,279 Speaker 5: we've talked about this, as I said before, where we've 82 00:04:46,320 --> 00:04:51,320 Speaker 5: gone from a situation where even the absolute best producers 83 00:04:51,640 --> 00:04:57,880 Speaker 5: nowadays well below the worst in the nineteen forties, and 84 00:04:57,920 --> 00:05:02,880 Speaker 5: when you take averages, average sperm counts have dropped about 85 00:05:02,960 --> 00:05:07,080 Speaker 5: fifty percent since nineteen seventy three, and the rate is 86 00:05:07,120 --> 00:05:12,640 Speaker 5: accelerated since two thousand. So it's actually really really starting 87 00:05:12,680 --> 00:05:16,200 Speaker 5: to be the point where we're not going to have 88 00:05:16,240 --> 00:05:20,960 Speaker 5: a lot of viable mails left, probably within twenty years. 89 00:05:22,279 --> 00:05:26,880 Speaker 5: And that's a bit of a concern, but that's not 90 00:05:27,440 --> 00:05:31,040 Speaker 5: what I really talk about in this piece, which is 91 00:05:31,680 --> 00:05:37,880 Speaker 5: more focused on what we're doing about it. So obviously 92 00:05:37,960 --> 00:05:41,520 Speaker 5: a sist of what they call a sist of reproductive 93 00:05:41,640 --> 00:05:44,760 Speaker 5: technology or ART for short, or what most people call 94 00:05:44,800 --> 00:05:49,240 Speaker 5: IVF is one of the things that have been done 95 00:05:49,240 --> 00:05:54,520 Speaker 5: about it, which is that people say, okay, well, and 96 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:57,479 Speaker 5: you know, you probably all remember you probably remember reading 97 00:05:57,520 --> 00:06:01,320 Speaker 5: the paper in nineteen seventy eight when the first IVF 98 00:06:01,440 --> 00:06:06,880 Speaker 5: or test you baby was born. Yeah, good old Louise Brown, 99 00:06:08,839 --> 00:06:10,839 Speaker 5: twenty fifth of July nineteen seventy eight. 100 00:06:11,400 --> 00:06:15,680 Speaker 1: First, I remember, I remember that, and I remember the 101 00:06:15,720 --> 00:06:20,960 Speaker 1: first heart transplant or the first heart recipient, Fiona Cook. 102 00:06:21,040 --> 00:06:22,320 Speaker 3: Do you remember, yep, yeah. 103 00:06:22,120 --> 00:06:24,360 Speaker 1: Because that were two big, big medical things back in 104 00:06:24,400 --> 00:06:24,719 Speaker 1: the day. 105 00:06:25,120 --> 00:06:27,520 Speaker 5: Yeah, yeah, Well, this was a very big thing because 106 00:06:27,520 --> 00:06:35,400 Speaker 5: this was a real solution to female oriented infertility in 107 00:06:35,480 --> 00:06:39,520 Speaker 5: that what you could do is fertilize the egg outside 108 00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:44,120 Speaker 5: of the worm, so in a lab introduced the egg 109 00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:46,279 Speaker 5: to a whole bunch of sperm and get it fertilized 110 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:50,239 Speaker 5: and get it underway and then implant it back. And 111 00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:58,080 Speaker 5: so in vitro fertilization really bypassed pretty much the whole 112 00:06:58,120 --> 00:07:00,520 Speaker 5: female side of the equation as long as as long 113 00:07:00,560 --> 00:07:03,440 Speaker 5: as you could because many of the female things, and 114 00:07:03,480 --> 00:07:08,640 Speaker 5: particularly I think that woman Louise's mother had blocked fillopian 115 00:07:08,680 --> 00:07:10,600 Speaker 5: tubes or something like that, and so that was a 116 00:07:10,640 --> 00:07:15,520 Speaker 5: real concern. This bypassed and it solved the problem. So excellent, 117 00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:19,960 Speaker 5: great advance, great step forward. Trouble is, it didn't help 118 00:07:20,000 --> 00:07:22,000 Speaker 5: you much if the problem was on the male site, 119 00:07:22,080 --> 00:07:26,120 Speaker 5: because there was no point introducing male sperm that went 120 00:07:26,240 --> 00:07:29,960 Speaker 5: up to it, whether they were in vitro or you know, 121 00:07:30,360 --> 00:07:34,520 Speaker 5: where they should normally be. So it didn't really fix 122 00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:39,280 Speaker 5: anything from that perspective. So you know, the scientist says 123 00:07:39,280 --> 00:07:44,640 Speaker 5: they are kept on working on such things, and probably 124 00:07:44,720 --> 00:07:48,720 Speaker 5: towards the end of the century started coming up with 125 00:07:49,800 --> 00:07:52,400 Speaker 5: so I think in nineteen ninety one or ninety two 126 00:07:52,760 --> 00:07:56,720 Speaker 5: was the first commercial use of something called ICSI that's 127 00:07:57,200 --> 00:07:59,040 Speaker 5: pronounced ixy now. 128 00:07:59,560 --> 00:08:00,160 Speaker 3: Icsi I. 129 00:08:02,560 --> 00:08:08,800 Speaker 5: Is where you select one sperm and you inject it 130 00:08:08,880 --> 00:08:11,320 Speaker 5: directly into the egg. 131 00:08:12,120 --> 00:08:15,480 Speaker 3: So just one, You pick your favorite and you. 132 00:08:16,560 --> 00:08:19,640 Speaker 5: Put it straight in there, and none of this competition 133 00:08:19,720 --> 00:08:22,360 Speaker 5: for the best, biting off the millions of others, none 134 00:08:22,400 --> 00:08:25,000 Speaker 5: of that sort of rubbish. This is just straight in, 135 00:08:25,520 --> 00:08:30,280 Speaker 5: guaranteed for at home, home run, okay, And so you 136 00:08:30,280 --> 00:08:35,120 Speaker 5: would imagine it's probably it significantly solves the issue of well, 137 00:08:35,559 --> 00:08:38,280 Speaker 5: if you've got a bloke who's either not producing enough 138 00:08:38,440 --> 00:08:42,440 Speaker 5: or not producing enough that's viable, then that's no big 139 00:08:42,480 --> 00:08:45,839 Speaker 5: deal because you only need one. So you know, you 140 00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:48,040 Speaker 5: get out of your microso out and you sort through 141 00:08:48,080 --> 00:08:50,240 Speaker 5: all the millions that are there and you say, oh, 142 00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:52,760 Speaker 5: that one looks good, and pick that one out and 143 00:08:52,840 --> 00:09:00,320 Speaker 5: pop it in. So the problem with that is that 144 00:09:02,240 --> 00:09:04,440 Speaker 5: you're doing it on the basis of what it looks like. 145 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:08,240 Speaker 5: So it's a little bit more than the example I 146 00:09:08,400 --> 00:09:10,720 Speaker 5: used in the article, which is I said it's like 147 00:09:10,720 --> 00:09:12,480 Speaker 5: picking the winner of one hundred meter race on the 148 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:17,520 Speaker 5: basis of his profile pick. But in essence, that's what 149 00:09:17,559 --> 00:09:23,280 Speaker 5: you're doing. You're deciding who what is the best most 150 00:09:23,440 --> 00:09:27,360 Speaker 5: capable sperm to fertilize with on the basis of what 151 00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:30,480 Speaker 5: it looks like. And no, that doesn't mean they have 152 00:09:30,520 --> 00:09:32,040 Speaker 5: a mustache and they look pretty much. 153 00:09:32,040 --> 00:09:32,760 Speaker 3: Oh, it just. 154 00:09:32,880 --> 00:09:38,040 Speaker 5: Means this one swims well, it doesn't have any shape deformities, 155 00:09:38,240 --> 00:09:43,200 Speaker 5: it doesn't it doesn't look like there's a problem with it. 156 00:09:43,200 --> 00:09:47,920 Speaker 5: It looks good to go. So you're looking at those 157 00:09:47,920 --> 00:09:51,200 Speaker 5: sorts of things. The problem is One of the most 158 00:09:51,400 --> 00:09:57,120 Speaker 5: dangerous things about introducing sperm is something you can't see. 159 00:09:58,520 --> 00:10:03,080 Speaker 5: So there's thing called double strand breaks in DNA. So 160 00:10:04,000 --> 00:10:07,400 Speaker 5: you know, our DNA is two strands, and we're pretty 161 00:10:07,400 --> 00:10:10,520 Speaker 5: good at repairing errors in our DNA, So we're used 162 00:10:10,520 --> 00:10:14,800 Speaker 5: to the concept that mutations happen, damage happens, sunlight exposure, 163 00:10:14,880 --> 00:10:19,079 Speaker 5: radiation exposure, all manner of things can harm DNA, and 164 00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:21,400 Speaker 5: we're good at fixing it. You know, we've got built 165 00:10:21,440 --> 00:10:24,240 Speaker 5: in capabilities for fixing it, and in fact, in the 166 00:10:24,280 --> 00:10:28,520 Speaker 5: eggs there are pretty sophisticated built in capabilities because a 167 00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:30,400 Speaker 5: woman is born with all the eggs she's ever going 168 00:10:30,440 --> 00:10:33,120 Speaker 5: to have, so they've got to last a long time, 169 00:10:33,720 --> 00:10:36,200 Speaker 5: and we're good at repairing them, keeping them up, keeping 170 00:10:36,200 --> 00:10:37,599 Speaker 5: the DMA viable. 171 00:10:37,920 --> 00:10:39,480 Speaker 3: Sperm less of a concern. 172 00:10:39,600 --> 00:10:41,680 Speaker 5: They're not going to last that long anyway, so we 173 00:10:41,760 --> 00:10:44,400 Speaker 5: have a lot less machinery around it, but we're still 174 00:10:44,400 --> 00:10:48,559 Speaker 5: pretty good at keeping them going. The problem is that 175 00:10:48,760 --> 00:10:52,559 Speaker 5: some things can introduce these double strand breaks or DSBs 176 00:10:52,679 --> 00:10:56,960 Speaker 5: is what they're called, and if that happens, then the 177 00:10:57,000 --> 00:11:01,040 Speaker 5: sperm can be totally non functional. Now that might be 178 00:11:01,120 --> 00:11:03,720 Speaker 5: fine if what it does is cause it to just 179 00:11:03,760 --> 00:11:06,240 Speaker 5: lie there and do nothing. Then they're not going to 180 00:11:06,240 --> 00:11:10,280 Speaker 5: pick that for ICSI anyway, are they? But sometimes the 181 00:11:10,360 --> 00:11:16,120 Speaker 5: sperm can look perfectly fine, perfectly healthy, but still contain 182 00:11:16,200 --> 00:11:21,400 Speaker 5: double strand brakes. And that's a problem because these things 183 00:11:21,520 --> 00:11:26,720 Speaker 5: turn into or can turn into serious problems in the 184 00:11:26,800 --> 00:11:31,080 Speaker 5: child that's eventually created. So and I'm talking brain damage, 185 00:11:31,160 --> 00:11:38,599 Speaker 5: I'm talking childhood cancers, I'm talking autism, all manner of things. 186 00:11:39,960 --> 00:11:41,880 Speaker 3: In the range of birth defects. 187 00:11:42,080 --> 00:11:45,880 Speaker 5: It might produce nothing, but it can produce really really 188 00:11:45,960 --> 00:11:51,920 Speaker 5: bad outcomes if it's not detected. So you don't you 189 00:11:51,960 --> 00:11:56,800 Speaker 5: want to try and avoid picking the winner and injecting 190 00:11:56,880 --> 00:12:01,800 Speaker 5: it directly in and having that winner be a sperm 191 00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:03,280 Speaker 5: that has double strand breaks. 192 00:12:05,280 --> 00:12:09,040 Speaker 1: So that would almost make that protocol redundant, then, wouldn't it. 193 00:12:09,120 --> 00:12:12,880 Speaker 1: I mean, because if you can't, like, if you can't 194 00:12:12,960 --> 00:12:15,640 Speaker 1: tell by looking at it for one of the better term, 195 00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:20,679 Speaker 1: then it's a gamble. Using that right that it is. 196 00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:22,720 Speaker 5: A gamble, it is a gamble, but it's a gamble 197 00:12:22,760 --> 00:12:26,600 Speaker 5: that's got pretty well theoretically has reasonable odds in the 198 00:12:26,679 --> 00:12:31,440 Speaker 5: sense that this could apply in general, you know, you know, 199 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,760 Speaker 5: I mean, there's nothing to stop a sperm that has 200 00:12:34,800 --> 00:12:38,000 Speaker 5: double strand breaks making it all the way through. The 201 00:12:38,120 --> 00:12:42,880 Speaker 5: problem is that in choosing a winner, you're eliminating a 202 00:12:42,960 --> 00:12:46,199 Speaker 5: lot of the others that have already been disabled. So 203 00:12:47,040 --> 00:12:49,800 Speaker 5: you're not letting nature take its course and let you know, 204 00:12:49,920 --> 00:12:53,000 Speaker 5: ten minion compete for the honor and then the best 205 00:12:53,000 --> 00:12:57,040 Speaker 5: one gets through. You're just manually going in and saying 206 00:12:57,080 --> 00:13:02,559 Speaker 5: that one looks good. The problem is that you're significantly 207 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:05,720 Speaker 5: increasing the risk of picking one that's got a problem 208 00:13:06,280 --> 00:13:10,920 Speaker 5: because with other if we were if nature allowed to 209 00:13:10,920 --> 00:13:14,240 Speaker 5: take its course, then they wouldn't have asked for ICSI 210 00:13:14,400 --> 00:13:17,840 Speaker 5: in the first place. They would be perfectly happily getting 211 00:13:17,880 --> 00:13:22,560 Speaker 5: pregnant all on their own without the need for this intervention. 212 00:13:23,120 --> 00:13:28,000 Speaker 5: So clearly nature is stopping something occurring at that point 213 00:13:28,320 --> 00:13:32,400 Speaker 5: and preventing it happening, and what ICSI is doing is 214 00:13:32,440 --> 00:13:35,199 Speaker 5: taking an end run on that and saying, okay, well, 215 00:13:35,240 --> 00:13:38,240 Speaker 5: you know stuff nature, what would it know, Let's pick 216 00:13:38,240 --> 00:13:43,960 Speaker 5: the winner and sort it out. It has become an 217 00:13:44,200 --> 00:13:48,080 Speaker 5: enormously popular procedure in Australia. It's gone from nothing in 218 00:13:48,160 --> 00:13:50,319 Speaker 5: nineteen ninety two, obviously, because that was when it's just 219 00:13:50,400 --> 00:13:55,800 Speaker 5: induced to now over sixty percent of all artificial in 220 00:13:55,880 --> 00:13:59,960 Speaker 5: semina well artificial reproductive technology is used in Australia. 221 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:02,880 Speaker 3: It's been a meteoric rise. 222 00:14:03,559 --> 00:14:05,720 Speaker 5: And that makes sense because this is the only one 223 00:14:05,760 --> 00:14:09,840 Speaker 5: really that deals with the male side of the problem. 224 00:14:10,400 --> 00:14:12,839 Speaker 5: So and if the male side of the problem is 225 00:14:12,840 --> 00:14:15,719 Speaker 5: getting worse and worse and worse, which it is, then 226 00:14:15,800 --> 00:14:18,880 Speaker 5: you need technologies if you're going to supply that market 227 00:14:19,280 --> 00:14:21,200 Speaker 5: that deal with the male side. There's no point doing 228 00:14:21,240 --> 00:14:24,440 Speaker 5: IVF if the problem is on the male side. 229 00:14:24,600 --> 00:14:28,320 Speaker 1: So so just quickly, right, I know, I know we 230 00:14:28,440 --> 00:14:32,040 Speaker 1: covered a bit of this a while ago. I just 231 00:14:32,080 --> 00:14:35,080 Speaker 1: want to I was thinking you said that, So the 232 00:14:35,120 --> 00:14:39,720 Speaker 1: average sperm production or sperm counters down fifty percent since 233 00:14:39,800 --> 00:14:43,480 Speaker 1: nineteen seventy three, right, yep, So that's fifty years, give 234 00:14:43,560 --> 00:14:50,680 Speaker 1: or take. I mean, like even just statistically looking at that, 235 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:54,200 Speaker 1: looking at that on a chart would suggest that at 236 00:14:54,240 --> 00:14:57,160 Speaker 1: some time, some stage in the not too distant future, 237 00:14:57,960 --> 00:15:02,400 Speaker 1: the males of the species could be producing nothing. 238 00:15:03,200 --> 00:15:05,920 Speaker 3: Nothing useful, Yes, nothing useful, Like. 239 00:15:06,400 --> 00:15:10,880 Speaker 1: Based on fifty percent decline in fifty years, I mean 240 00:15:11,680 --> 00:15:12,400 Speaker 1: that would. 241 00:15:12,160 --> 00:15:14,640 Speaker 5: Well, and it's accelerated since two thousand. Remember, so the 242 00:15:14,720 --> 00:15:17,560 Speaker 5: last part of that had the slope has been much 243 00:15:17,640 --> 00:15:20,480 Speaker 5: much greater. So it's now in Australia estimated to be 244 00:15:20,520 --> 00:15:23,000 Speaker 5: about dropping about three percent a year in Australia. 245 00:15:23,640 --> 00:15:27,560 Speaker 1: Is this being spoken about with any level of buckety fuck? 246 00:15:27,640 --> 00:15:29,040 Speaker 1: We better do something about this? 247 00:15:29,840 --> 00:15:31,040 Speaker 3: It is by some people. 248 00:15:32,160 --> 00:15:36,840 Speaker 5: It's particularly important in Israel, for example, which I think 249 00:15:36,960 --> 00:15:40,880 Speaker 5: has amongst the worst sperm counts in the developed world 250 00:15:41,600 --> 00:15:46,040 Speaker 5: because of particular dietary peculiarities which will come to They 251 00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:49,720 Speaker 5: eat an awful lot of seed oil, and seed oil 252 00:15:50,120 --> 00:15:55,600 Speaker 5: destroys sperm count and also introduces double strand breaks into sperm. 253 00:15:56,040 --> 00:16:01,000 Speaker 5: So and I guess that brings us around to well, okay, 254 00:16:01,200 --> 00:16:03,600 Speaker 5: this is all very bad news, But what can you 255 00:16:03,680 --> 00:16:04,280 Speaker 5: do about it? 256 00:16:05,240 --> 00:16:05,720 Speaker 3: One of the. 257 00:16:05,680 --> 00:16:08,800 Speaker 5: Things you can do about it is the things that 258 00:16:08,960 --> 00:16:11,600 Speaker 5: men were told to do about it in the nineteen seventies, 259 00:16:12,560 --> 00:16:16,600 Speaker 5: which is they were told if you are planning to conceive, 260 00:16:16,840 --> 00:16:21,640 Speaker 5: stop drinking and smoking. Now you might say, well, what 261 00:16:21,680 --> 00:16:24,360 Speaker 5: a drinking and smoking have to do with each other, 262 00:16:24,520 --> 00:16:30,200 Speaker 5: let alone to do with sperm? And I know, TIFFs, 263 00:16:30,200 --> 00:16:32,600 Speaker 5: they're you know, barely able to stop herself laughing. 264 00:16:32,760 --> 00:16:35,280 Speaker 3: But where're you trying to keep it clean? Here? Tiff, 265 00:16:35,280 --> 00:16:41,160 Speaker 3: all right, the relationship. 266 00:16:41,320 --> 00:16:43,640 Speaker 1: The things I've never heard in stutter. 267 00:16:43,360 --> 00:16:45,480 Speaker 3: So much, it's just giggling. 268 00:16:47,200 --> 00:16:47,800 Speaker 1: Fuck Now. 269 00:16:51,880 --> 00:16:56,680 Speaker 5: The thing that's in common between smoking and alcohol when 270 00:16:56,760 --> 00:16:58,880 Speaker 5: it comes to sperm is that both of them produce 271 00:16:58,960 --> 00:17:02,480 Speaker 5: significant amounts of aldehydes. And we've previously talked about aldehydes 272 00:17:02,520 --> 00:17:08,560 Speaker 5: and particularly dangerous compounds that destroy DNA. In fact, aldehydes 273 00:17:08,600 --> 00:17:13,560 Speaker 5: introduce double spram breaks into DNA, and that's why both 274 00:17:13,640 --> 00:17:17,840 Speaker 5: drinking and alcohol it's recommended you not do a large 275 00:17:17,840 --> 00:17:19,920 Speaker 5: amount of either if you want to avoid having things 276 00:17:19,960 --> 00:17:22,800 Speaker 5: like cancer. But this is taking it one step further, 277 00:17:23,200 --> 00:17:26,920 Speaker 5: which is, if you want to avoid introducing these breaks 278 00:17:26,960 --> 00:17:30,240 Speaker 5: into your sperm, then you shouldn't be doing that either, 279 00:17:31,200 --> 00:17:34,879 Speaker 5: because they're particularly susceptible because they are made up largely 280 00:17:34,880 --> 00:17:39,520 Speaker 5: of poly unsaturated fats, which are particularly amenable to these 281 00:17:39,560 --> 00:17:43,400 Speaker 5: aldehydes affecting them. So that advice was given to men 282 00:17:43,480 --> 00:17:46,960 Speaker 5: in the seventies and has been since, which is, if 283 00:17:47,000 --> 00:17:51,360 Speaker 5: you are planning to conceive, then a good three months beforehand, 284 00:17:52,160 --> 00:17:54,679 Speaker 5: just give up the booze and the smokes, because that 285 00:17:54,800 --> 00:17:58,520 Speaker 5: takes the aldehydes out of circulation and it means that 286 00:17:58,560 --> 00:18:01,960 Speaker 5: you are not going to affect either your fertility or 287 00:18:02,320 --> 00:18:06,919 Speaker 5: introduce these potential problems of DNA. Now that advice didn't 288 00:18:07,080 --> 00:18:08,920 Speaker 5: the DNA stuff didn't come with the advice in the 289 00:18:09,000 --> 00:18:13,200 Speaker 5: nineteen seventies, but certainly the fertility did. What they didn't 290 00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:15,800 Speaker 5: say because they didn't know it at the time, was 291 00:18:15,840 --> 00:18:20,439 Speaker 5: you should also stop consuming vegetable oils. You should or 292 00:18:20,480 --> 00:18:22,359 Speaker 5: what we've referred to a seed oil. So these are 293 00:18:22,359 --> 00:18:29,440 Speaker 5: the oils that come from canola seeds, sunflower seeds, surflower seeds, soybeans, 294 00:18:30,560 --> 00:18:34,359 Speaker 5: you know, all that stuff that's generally marketed as vegetable oil, 295 00:18:34,960 --> 00:18:38,639 Speaker 5: even though vegetables weren't you know, no vegetables were harmed 296 00:18:38,640 --> 00:18:40,920 Speaker 5: to create it. You can't get oil from a vegetable. 297 00:18:42,160 --> 00:18:44,960 Speaker 5: They are actually seed oils or legume oils if you 298 00:18:45,000 --> 00:18:46,760 Speaker 5: want to be more accurate, because you can also get 299 00:18:46,760 --> 00:18:51,080 Speaker 5: them from soybeans and peanuts and so on. So those 300 00:18:51,119 --> 00:18:53,679 Speaker 5: things are just as bad as the smoking and the drinking, 301 00:18:53,800 --> 00:18:57,960 Speaker 5: probably worse because the aldehyde produced by them is even 302 00:18:58,040 --> 00:19:01,840 Speaker 5: more bioactive than the ones produced by the smoking and 303 00:19:01,880 --> 00:19:05,600 Speaker 5: the drinking. Once again, we didn't fall off the back 304 00:19:05,640 --> 00:19:09,520 Speaker 5: of the potato truck yesterday. We do have the ability 305 00:19:09,560 --> 00:19:13,280 Speaker 5: to deal with these aldehydes. We can deal with them. 306 00:19:13,359 --> 00:19:16,240 Speaker 5: We can diffuse the damage done by alcohol, we can 307 00:19:16,320 --> 00:19:19,639 Speaker 5: diffuse the damage done by smoking, and we can diffuse 308 00:19:19,640 --> 00:19:22,080 Speaker 5: the damage done by seed oils. The trouble is we 309 00:19:22,160 --> 00:19:26,119 Speaker 5: have limited capacity to do it, and if we overwhelm 310 00:19:26,160 --> 00:19:29,719 Speaker 5: that capacity by either doing all of those things a lot, 311 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:36,280 Speaker 5: or just having a lot of what we eat contain 312 00:19:36,400 --> 00:19:41,280 Speaker 5: one of them seed oils, then we're in trouble. So 313 00:19:41,600 --> 00:19:44,119 Speaker 5: we've evolved in an environment where there we're almost no 314 00:19:44,240 --> 00:19:47,160 Speaker 5: seed oils in our environment because all of our fat 315 00:19:47,200 --> 00:19:50,880 Speaker 5: came from animals, or if we live near the equator, 316 00:19:50,920 --> 00:19:55,080 Speaker 5: came from fruit, so things like olive, coconuts, etc. Which 317 00:19:55,240 --> 00:19:58,680 Speaker 5: are also vegetable oils, but which I have fat profiles 318 00:19:58,760 --> 00:20:03,480 Speaker 5: very very similar to animal So we evolved in that 319 00:20:03,640 --> 00:20:07,159 Speaker 5: environment where there just wasn't much seed oil, therefore not 320 00:20:07,200 --> 00:20:09,040 Speaker 5: a lot of threat from aldehys from seed oil, so 321 00:20:09,080 --> 00:20:11,080 Speaker 5: our bodies are not attuned so having to deal with 322 00:20:11,200 --> 00:20:15,000 Speaker 5: vast quantities ofage. But today we live in an environment 323 00:20:15,040 --> 00:20:19,200 Speaker 5: where everything is cooked in it. Every time you buy 324 00:20:19,359 --> 00:20:23,840 Speaker 5: anything from a restaurant, from a fast food place, from 325 00:20:23,840 --> 00:20:28,000 Speaker 5: a supermarket, every single thing has been cooked in those 326 00:20:28,000 --> 00:20:30,560 Speaker 5: seed oils. So we've gone from an environment where almost 327 00:20:30,600 --> 00:20:33,280 Speaker 5: none of our food had it to where almost all 328 00:20:33,320 --> 00:20:33,879 Speaker 5: of it has it. 329 00:20:34,520 --> 00:20:36,960 Speaker 3: And that's a bad thing when you're. 330 00:20:36,760 --> 00:20:40,240 Speaker 5: Trying to minimize the effect on a system designed to 331 00:20:40,280 --> 00:20:44,840 Speaker 5: eliminate those alder hides. So the advice today to a 332 00:20:45,200 --> 00:20:49,720 Speaker 5: prospective father would be don't smoke, don't drink, and don't 333 00:20:49,720 --> 00:20:53,320 Speaker 5: eat seed oils if you want to improve a your. 334 00:20:53,160 --> 00:20:59,120 Speaker 3: Fertility and b your ability to reproduce at all. 335 00:21:00,040 --> 00:21:02,840 Speaker 1: It's so important that people know that, and I feel 336 00:21:02,880 --> 00:21:07,720 Speaker 1: like most people don't. I just typed into chatters Whire 337 00:21:07,760 --> 00:21:12,720 Speaker 1: seed oils called vegetable oils. The term vegetable oil is 338 00:21:12,720 --> 00:21:15,800 Speaker 1: a broad generic label for oils extracted from plants. 339 00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:16,480 Speaker 3: I e. 340 00:21:16,600 --> 00:21:20,520 Speaker 1: Vegetation doesn't mean the oil comes from actual vegetables like 341 00:21:20,560 --> 00:21:24,679 Speaker 1: broccoli or carrots. Usually comes from seeds, nuts, or fruits 342 00:21:24,720 --> 00:21:27,679 Speaker 1: of plants. So when you see vegetable oil on a label, 343 00:21:27,720 --> 00:21:31,240 Speaker 1: it's often a blend of soybean oil, canola oil, rape seed, 344 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:36,080 Speaker 1: sunflower oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil, all of 345 00:21:36,119 --> 00:21:39,600 Speaker 1: which are seeds. Yes, then it says why not just 346 00:21:39,640 --> 00:21:46,000 Speaker 1: call them seed oils? Good marketing and industrial convenience. Oh 347 00:21:46,080 --> 00:21:49,920 Speaker 1: that's why for good marketing and industrial convenience, vegetable oil 348 00:21:50,040 --> 00:21:54,600 Speaker 1: sounds healthy, broad broad, plant based, and neutral. Seed oil 349 00:21:54,680 --> 00:21:58,119 Speaker 1: sounds more specific. And in recent years it's been given 350 00:21:58,119 --> 00:22:00,679 Speaker 1: a bad rap by wellness andres people. 351 00:22:03,960 --> 00:22:06,880 Speaker 5: That's all right, Well, the original source of the name 352 00:22:07,119 --> 00:22:09,560 Speaker 5: vegetable oil actually was to distinguish it from mineral oil. 353 00:22:09,880 --> 00:22:12,520 Speaker 5: So if they just called it oil, people would think, oh, 354 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:13,680 Speaker 5: what you mean the black stuff we. 355 00:22:13,720 --> 00:22:14,560 Speaker 3: Dig out of the ground. 356 00:22:15,720 --> 00:22:19,159 Speaker 5: So there's mineral oil and vegetable oil, meaning you know, 357 00:22:19,320 --> 00:22:21,000 Speaker 5: stuff we dig out of the ground and stuff that 358 00:22:21,040 --> 00:22:25,080 Speaker 5: come that got out of plants. So and then it 359 00:22:25,200 --> 00:22:27,600 Speaker 5: stuck for the reasons that you just read out, which 360 00:22:27,640 --> 00:22:35,840 Speaker 5: is it's better from a marketing perspective, is it. 361 00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:38,000 Speaker 1: Is it possible to undo like for people who have 362 00:22:38,160 --> 00:22:42,360 Speaker 1: had consumed a lot of seed oils historically, if they 363 00:22:42,400 --> 00:22:47,520 Speaker 1: stop tomorrow, obviously that's better than continuing. But does that 364 00:22:47,680 --> 00:22:49,240 Speaker 1: undo any of the damage. 365 00:22:50,000 --> 00:22:53,119 Speaker 5: Well, in this particular case, it's actually one of the 366 00:22:53,200 --> 00:22:56,720 Speaker 5: few examples where stopping has an immediate effect. 367 00:22:56,800 --> 00:22:58,440 Speaker 3: Because firm don't last that long. 368 00:22:59,680 --> 00:23:04,480 Speaker 5: So that's why the advice was to stop smoking and 369 00:23:04,560 --> 00:23:08,320 Speaker 5: drinking three months before you plan to conceive by then 370 00:23:08,359 --> 00:23:11,600 Speaker 5: you should have a new batch and it won't be 371 00:23:11,680 --> 00:23:15,159 Speaker 5: affected at all by what you've been doing before in 372 00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:20,000 Speaker 5: your life. So in this particular instance, the advice is 373 00:23:20,080 --> 00:23:23,440 Speaker 5: good because if you stop, and I'd give it six 374 00:23:23,480 --> 00:23:24,600 Speaker 5: months just to be safe. 375 00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:26,960 Speaker 3: If you stop and. 376 00:23:28,560 --> 00:23:32,440 Speaker 5: Not consume those things for six months, then you're making 377 00:23:32,560 --> 00:23:35,719 Speaker 5: brand new sperm all the time, and those brand new 378 00:23:35,800 --> 00:23:38,159 Speaker 5: sperm are not going to be affected by aldehydes you 379 00:23:38,720 --> 00:23:44,560 Speaker 5: consumed six months ago. So in this circumstance, yes, for 380 00:23:44,800 --> 00:23:48,960 Speaker 5: most things. No, because for most things, what we do 381 00:23:49,080 --> 00:23:51,639 Speaker 5: is store them as part of the cell membrane in 382 00:23:51,680 --> 00:23:55,440 Speaker 5: our own bodies. Which is why stopping these things whilst 383 00:23:55,640 --> 00:23:58,080 Speaker 5: over the longer term will reduce your risk of cancer 384 00:23:58,080 --> 00:24:01,280 Speaker 5: from consuming them, because you know, slowly the amount in 385 00:24:01,320 --> 00:24:05,480 Speaker 5: your body decreases. It isn't an instantaneous thing. It's just 386 00:24:05,680 --> 00:24:11,040 Speaker 5: better to be not consuming them than consuming them. Piece 387 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:13,640 Speaker 5: I haven't written yet, and I'll just preface this. We'll 388 00:24:13,640 --> 00:24:15,320 Speaker 5: talk about it one day, I'm sure, because I really 389 00:24:15,320 --> 00:24:17,480 Speaker 5: do want to write. This one is the one about 390 00:24:17,480 --> 00:24:21,040 Speaker 5: how in women, how the fat that we're talking about, 391 00:24:21,119 --> 00:24:25,200 Speaker 5: the poly unsaturated fact, gets stored in their bottoms and 392 00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:32,160 Speaker 5: because that's the coolest part of the human body because 393 00:24:32,200 --> 00:24:37,439 Speaker 5: it's furthest from the central core and so so you know, 394 00:24:37,920 --> 00:24:41,199 Speaker 5: and why it's stored there is to make baby brains. 395 00:24:42,040 --> 00:24:49,560 Speaker 5: So the human brain is mostly fat, and so a 396 00:24:49,640 --> 00:24:52,760 Speaker 5: woman spends most of her life storing up the ingredients 397 00:24:52,800 --> 00:24:56,560 Speaker 5: for creating a human brain. And where she stores it 398 00:24:56,600 --> 00:24:59,560 Speaker 5: is in her bottom. 399 00:25:00,320 --> 00:25:01,280 Speaker 1: That's so funny. 400 00:25:02,359 --> 00:25:05,320 Speaker 5: It's also it's also why I first born babies are 401 00:25:05,320 --> 00:25:08,160 Speaker 5: the smartest because they get the benefit of you twenty 402 00:25:08,240 --> 00:25:11,240 Speaker 5: years worth of storage, whereas the next kid only gets 403 00:25:11,440 --> 00:25:12,320 Speaker 5: whatever's left over. 404 00:25:13,200 --> 00:25:16,639 Speaker 1: Oh, so you can say, I want to thank my 405 00:25:16,359 --> 00:25:18,760 Speaker 1: my My great brain is thanks to my mum and bottom. 406 00:25:19,119 --> 00:25:23,800 Speaker 3: That's all right, wow, wow, wew. 407 00:25:23,800 --> 00:25:26,879 Speaker 1: Hi Mary, thanks for only having one kid and making men. 408 00:25:30,680 --> 00:25:33,960 Speaker 1: What oil do you have in your diet, like I have. 409 00:25:34,160 --> 00:25:37,280 Speaker 4: A lot of I'm usually olive oil. 410 00:25:38,320 --> 00:25:39,479 Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a good choice. 411 00:25:39,560 --> 00:25:43,000 Speaker 5: Yeah yeah, So it's a fruit oil has a profile 412 00:25:43,119 --> 00:25:46,600 Speaker 5: very very similar to animal fat. So as long as 413 00:25:46,600 --> 00:25:49,280 Speaker 5: it is actually olive oil. But you never know these days, 414 00:25:49,280 --> 00:25:50,680 Speaker 5: you know, just because it says it's olive oil on 415 00:25:50,720 --> 00:25:53,040 Speaker 5: the bottle doesn't mean that's what. 416 00:25:52,920 --> 00:25:58,119 Speaker 3: They put in the bottle. Really well, there's It depends 417 00:25:58,160 --> 00:26:01,600 Speaker 3: on it. I mean most strainia manufacturers. Yes it is. 418 00:26:01,640 --> 00:26:03,119 Speaker 5: If it is olive oil on the bottle, then it 419 00:26:03,200 --> 00:26:05,440 Speaker 5: is olive oil in it, because it's pretty big penalties 420 00:26:05,480 --> 00:26:06,840 Speaker 5: for lying about it. 421 00:26:07,160 --> 00:26:08,000 Speaker 3: But I don't know. 422 00:26:08,000 --> 00:26:10,400 Speaker 5: Stuff coming from Spain and Lily and so on, I'm 423 00:26:10,400 --> 00:26:11,640 Speaker 5: not so certain about that. 424 00:26:12,480 --> 00:26:14,720 Speaker 4: Well, I always buy Australian olive oil. 425 00:26:15,560 --> 00:26:16,040 Speaker 3: There you go. 426 00:26:16,960 --> 00:26:21,439 Speaker 1: Is the what's the difference between that and extra virgin? 427 00:26:21,840 --> 00:26:23,760 Speaker 1: Is it is a label? 428 00:26:24,960 --> 00:26:25,440 Speaker 3: Oh? Really? 429 00:26:25,800 --> 00:26:34,760 Speaker 5: Yeah? You know, they have meanings that theoretically matter. From 430 00:26:34,760 --> 00:26:39,000 Speaker 5: a biochemical perspective, they don't matter at all. There's only 431 00:26:39,040 --> 00:26:43,280 Speaker 5: really two important types of olive oil. There's refined olive 432 00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:47,880 Speaker 5: oil and not refined olive oil. So refined olive oil 433 00:26:47,960 --> 00:26:52,280 Speaker 5: is what is sold in the supermarkets as light olive oil. 434 00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:57,280 Speaker 5: And I'm not sure why it's light because it's still 435 00:26:57,320 --> 00:27:00,000 Speaker 5: olive oil. It still has exactly the same number of calories, 436 00:27:00,080 --> 00:27:04,520 Speaker 5: so I don't know. But it's what makes it light 437 00:27:04,640 --> 00:27:06,240 Speaker 5: is they've taken all the impurities out of it, so 438 00:27:06,280 --> 00:27:09,720 Speaker 5: they've filtered out all the dirt and crap that's in 439 00:27:09,960 --> 00:27:13,240 Speaker 5: normal olive oil, and what that does is give it 440 00:27:13,240 --> 00:27:16,840 Speaker 5: a higher smoke point. So because there are the things 441 00:27:16,840 --> 00:27:18,560 Speaker 5: that burn when you burn an oil. 442 00:27:18,800 --> 00:27:19,920 Speaker 3: So if you. 443 00:27:19,840 --> 00:27:23,199 Speaker 5: Can cook refined olive oil or light olive oil, you 444 00:27:23,240 --> 00:27:24,800 Speaker 5: can use it to deep for our chips if you 445 00:27:24,840 --> 00:27:25,159 Speaker 5: want to. 446 00:27:25,960 --> 00:27:26,800 Speaker 3: You know, you can go up. 447 00:27:26,760 --> 00:27:29,760 Speaker 5: Around two hundred and two hundred and ten degrees. But 448 00:27:30,000 --> 00:27:32,399 Speaker 5: you wouldn't want to do that with an extra virgin 449 00:27:32,440 --> 00:27:35,800 Speaker 5: olive oil or an unrefined olive oil because it's full 450 00:27:35,840 --> 00:27:38,320 Speaker 5: of all sorts of impurities which will start to smoke. 451 00:27:40,400 --> 00:27:42,520 Speaker 1: Oh, give the up, butter cup, and people can find 452 00:27:42,520 --> 00:27:47,000 Speaker 1: that on substack, David, and also on LinkedIn. Is that correct? 453 00:27:47,280 --> 00:27:47,560 Speaker 3: Yep? 454 00:27:49,280 --> 00:27:53,080 Speaker 1: Perfect well, Tiff. If you're looking for a man, and 455 00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:57,720 Speaker 1: more importantly with your bottom fat that's been getting ready 456 00:27:57,720 --> 00:27:58,320 Speaker 1: for a baby. 457 00:27:58,320 --> 00:27:58,560 Speaker 3: Brain. 458 00:27:59,800 --> 00:28:04,479 Speaker 1: That's that that first baby of yours is just going 459 00:28:04,520 --> 00:28:05,600 Speaker 1: to be a journeys, isn't it. 460 00:28:06,600 --> 00:28:11,160 Speaker 2: That's it's a bit unpleasant, un called for. You brought 461 00:28:11,160 --> 00:28:17,119 Speaker 2: it up, not me, dear h. 462 00:28:17,640 --> 00:28:19,840 Speaker 1: We'll say goodbye fair but as always, that was fun 463 00:28:19,880 --> 00:28:22,480 Speaker 1: and we appreciate to doctor Gillespie. 464 00:28:22,560 --> 00:28:24,920 Speaker 2: See you next time, no worries to see you later.