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Speaker 1: From The Australian. Here's what's on the front. I'm Claire Harvey.

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Speaker 1: It's Tuesday, January twenty eighth. Leaders from around the world

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Speaker 1: have joined Holocaust survivors in commemorating the eightieth anniversary of

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Speaker 1: the liberation of Auschwitz. The Nazi death camp in Poland

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Speaker 1: is the enduring symbol of Adolf Hitler's murder of six

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Speaker 1: million Jews, along with millions more from ethnic and other minorities.

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Speaker 1: Peter Dutton government would push for reforms to the United Nations.

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Speaker 1: After a front bench reshuffle, new Foreign Affairs spokesman David

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Speaker 1: Coleman is taking aim at Foreign Minister Penny Wong for

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Speaker 1: her dealings with the UN. That's an exclusive live now

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Speaker 1: at the Australian dot com au. Donald Trump has defeated

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Speaker 1: the first significant challenge to his sweeping immigration crackdown. The

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Speaker 1: President is on a mission to expel illegal immigrants and

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Speaker 1: deter others from attempting to reach the United States of America.

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Speaker 1: Bardies had to stare down a protest from one of

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Speaker 1: the country's hess is causing the problem.

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Speaker 2: Just because we were founded by immigrants doesn't mean the

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Speaker 2: two hundred and forty years later that we have to

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Speaker 2: have the dumbest immigration policy in the world.

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Speaker 1: That's JD. Vance and this is what he's talking about.

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Speaker 1: A first wake of the Donald Trump presidency that's living

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Speaker 1: up to tame. Trump's promise to go big.

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Speaker 3: America has given us an unprecedented and powerful mandate.

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Speaker 4: I think it's going to be shock and awe.

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Speaker 1: A blizzard of executive orders.

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Speaker 4: He declared a national emergency at the border.

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Speaker 3: Immigration and Customs enforcement officials are accused of carrying out

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Speaker 3: a quote unconstitutional.

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Speaker 5: Raid shackle detainees boarding a military cargo.

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Speaker 1: Trump has swept into office with energy levels that belie

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Speaker 1: his status as the oldest man ever to be elected

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Speaker 1: to the White House. And first up is illegal immigration,

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Speaker 1: an issue that's helped him get elected twice and which

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Speaker 1: he's framed as a national emergency.

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Speaker 4: Trump now has to deliver.

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Speaker 1: Joe Kelly is the Australian's correspondent in Washington, DC.

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Speaker 4: Pere Research has done surveys on this. It's found that

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Speaker 4: three quarters of US adults are at least somewhat concerned

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Speaker 4: about the number of illegal immigrants entering the country. The

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Speaker 4: majority support mass deportations, and Trump has been able to

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Speaker 4: tap into this to masterful political effect. And one of

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Speaker 4: the reasons for that is that the Joe Biden administration

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Speaker 4: was weak on the borders. I think they had terrible

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Speaker 4: failings in this regard. So during the entire Biden administration,

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Speaker 4: there were more than ten million encounters with migrants. That

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Speaker 4: includes those who are entering illegally as well as those

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Speaker 4: who were trying to enter legally but found to be inadmissible,

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Speaker 4: and eight million of those encounters were at that southern border.

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Speaker 4: Now you compare that to the first Trump administration, and

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Speaker 4: there were two point four million encounters at that southern border.

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Speaker 4: So I think Trump has to deliver. He knows that,

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Speaker 4: and he's a showman about it as well. That's why

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Speaker 4: he signed all the orders on day one. I think

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Speaker 4: there's probably a bunch of people in America right now

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Speaker 4: who think because Trump signed all those orders in such

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Speaker 4: a you know, a showman like way on the first day,

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Speaker 4: that he's already delivered for them.

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Speaker 1: After a week, the President has announced the southern border

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Speaker 1: with Mexico closed. We're going to build a wall. It's

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Speaker 1: going to be built. Believe it or not.

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Speaker 3: It's not even a difficult thing to do.

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Speaker 1: Donald Trump has been promising to stop people in during

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Speaker 1: via the southern border. Since before he was elected the

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Speaker 1: first time around, and since George Bush Senior in the nineties,

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Speaker 1: American presidents have been building walls and fences along the

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Speaker 1: three thousand kilometer border. In Trump's first term, he got

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Speaker 1: locked in a series of battles to secure funding to

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Speaker 1: build his giant wall in Congress and in the courts.

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Speaker 1: Joe Biden initially halted border construction, then had to restart

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Speaker 1: it after migrant crossings rows.

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Speaker 5: A free for all at the US Mexico border, hundreds

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Speaker 5: of migrants storming into al Paso, Texas right past Mexican authorities.

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Speaker 5: President Biden has long been dead set against border walls,

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Speaker 5: but today he's clearing the way for miles of new fancy.

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Speaker 1: On day one in the job, Trump signed an executive

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Speaker 1: order that is an action he seeks to take his

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Speaker 1: president without the need for congressional approval on birthright citizenship.

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Speaker 4: This next order relates to the definition of birthright citizens

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Speaker 4: under the fourteenth Amendment of the United States.

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Speaker 3: Yeah, that's a good one. Birth rate, that's a big one.

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Speaker 3: We're the only country in the world that does this

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Speaker 3: with birthright As you know, and it's just absolutely ridiculous.

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Speaker 1: The executive order aims to remove the automatic right to

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Speaker 1: an American passport for children born to parents who are

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Speaker 1: in the country illegally. Joe, the idea that everyone born

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Speaker 1: in America has the right to US citizenship, that's such

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Speaker 1: a big part of the American story. How significant is

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Speaker 1: Trump's move to remove that right as a shift in

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Speaker 1: thinking about what makes somebody American? Or do you think

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Speaker 1: this is just gesture politics, it's more about signaling and

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Speaker 1: sending a big message.

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Speaker 4: No, I don't think it's just an exercise in gesture politics.

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Speaker 4: I think we need to take Trump seriously. And if

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Speaker 4: you look at the executive order, this was called protecting

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Speaker 4: the Meaning and Value of American Citizenship. This is a

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Speaker 4: profound change and it seeks to limit the way the

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Speaker 4: fourteenth Amendment has been interpreted for a long time, for

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Speaker 4: over one hundred years. So if this executive order holds,

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Speaker 4: and that's very doubtful, it's estimated to effect about one

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Speaker 4: hundred and fifty thousand children. It applies to children born

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Speaker 4: from February nineteen, and it's not retrospective. Now he's arguing

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Speaker 4: that basically someone born to illegal migrants in the US

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Speaker 4: is not actually subject to US jurisdiction, and it's very contentious.

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Speaker 4: There are twenty two states, along with a couple of

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Speaker 4: cities that have already launched challenges to this executive order,

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Speaker 4: And just a few days after it was signed, there

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Speaker 4: was a federal district court judge in Seattle and he

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Speaker 4: said that it was blatantly unconstitutional. So I expect what's

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Speaker 4: going to happen to this is that it's going to

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Speaker 4: end up in the Supreme Court. This is Donald Trump

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Speaker 4: trying to test the limits of his presidential powers. He's

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Speaker 4: trying to test the limits of the US Constitution, and

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Speaker 4: he's prepared to take actions, sign orders which are going

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Speaker 4: to be seen as legally contentious, and defend them into

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Speaker 4: the Supreme Court. I think Trump is serious, and I

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Speaker 4: think he's going to fight it, and he's going to

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Speaker 4: fight it hard.

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Speaker 1: Coming up after the break, how one nation tested Trump's resolve.

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Speaker 1: Deportations are a regular part of US immigration policy. Donald

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Speaker 1: Trump came to power talking about a dramatic escalation in this.

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Speaker 1: He called it a mass deportation, and he's already begun

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Speaker 1: using the military for missions like deportation flights, which previously

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Speaker 1: used civilian aircraft. On Monday, Columbia said it would not

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Speaker 1: accept military flights unless, as Colombia's president said, the US

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Speaker 1: provided a process to treat its citizens with dignity and respect.

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Speaker 1: That prompted a dramatic response.

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Speaker 2: Trump vowed to unleash retaliatory measures, including trade tariffs and

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Speaker 2: sanctions against Columbia today after the South American country rejected

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Speaker 2: two flights carrying undocumented emigrants back from the UAS.

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Speaker 1: What's your sense of how he's using this big, dramatic

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Speaker 1: moment to send his message.

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Speaker 4: Well, it's the new World Trump using tariffs and armor

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Speaker 4: of economic policy to achieve an objective in a totally

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Speaker 4: unrelated policy area relating to border security. So look, I

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Speaker 4: think there's a lot of theater to this. As you mentioned,

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Speaker 4: deportation flights a pretty normal, pretty routine. The Wall Street

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Speaker 4: Journal says that so far in January there have been

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Speaker 4: ninety forty eight to Guatemala and Honduras, fourteen to Mexico,

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Speaker 4: and eight to Colombia. But we have the president of Columbia,

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Speaker 4: Gustavo Petro. You know, he is a left wing president.

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Speaker 4: He's formerly a member of a Marxist Gorilla group, and

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Speaker 4: I think really what we're seeing is a challenge to

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Speaker 4: US global power, a challenge to Trump's migration crackdown, and

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Speaker 4: a test of his use of these tariffs. So you know,

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Speaker 4: Trump will not back down.

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Speaker 1: He didn't have to. Columbia crumbled within the day and

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Speaker 1: said it would in fact accept the military flights.

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Speaker 3: Joe.

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Speaker 1: It's all reminding me of one of the big moments

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Speaker 1: in Australian immigration policy in two thousand and one, when

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Speaker 1: John Howard declared, we will decide who comes to this

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Speaker 1: country and the circumstances in which they come. What are

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Speaker 1: your thoughts as an Australian with that experience watching the

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Speaker 1: way this is playing out now in the US.

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Speaker 4: Challenge in America is it's much more difficult to enforce Claire.

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Speaker 4: So that's the key difference. You know, America has this

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Speaker 4: porous southern border and just to sketch out the challenge,

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Speaker 4: this would be something that Australians I don't think would

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Speaker 4: really be able to found them properly. But the new

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Speaker 4: borders are Tom Herman says that there are seven hundred

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Speaker 4: thousand illegal migrants currently in the United States who have

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Speaker 4: committed a crime, who should be removed. That's a lot,

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Speaker 4: and that's only a small fraction of the number of

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Speaker 4: illegal migrants in the United States.

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Speaker 1: Joe Kelly is The Australian's correspondent in Washington, DC. You

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Speaker 1: can read all his reporting anytime in The Australian, and

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